Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành tài chính kế toán

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ VÀ QUẢN TRỊ KINH DOANH THÁI NGUYÊN BỘ MÔN NGOẠI NGỮ BÀI GIẢNG MÔN TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH (DÀNH CHO HỆ ĐÀO TẠO LIÊN THÔNG) Accounting and Finance Kế toán – Tài PHẠM CƯỜNG LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ CHƯƠNG 1: THE WORLD OF ACCOUNTING “There's no business like show business, but there are several businesses like accounting.” David Letterman MỞ ĐẦU Liệt kê chủ đề nội dung liên quan tới chuyên ngành Kế toán Accounting standards Accounting Accounting equation Bookkeeping BÀI GIẢNG TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH - KẾ TOÁN – TÀI CHÍNH PHẦN I TỪ VỰNG A Sử dụng từ điển để tìm hiểu ý nghĩa thuật ngữ lĩnh vực kế toán cột bên trái ghép với giải nghĩa tiếng Anh chúng cột bên phải accounting a A written statement that shows the financial state of a assets b An official financial record that gives details of all a company at a particular time company's income and expenses for a particular period and shows if it has made a profit or a loss The activity of keeping detailed records of the amounts of expenses c balance sheet d Money that a business spends on supplies, workers, income statement profit e The things that a company owns, that can be sold to pay debts f An amount of money that is invested in or is used to start a capital liabilities g Debts and obligations of a company h A financial benefit when the amount of revenue gained from money a business or person receives and spends services, etc in order to operate business a business activity exceeds the expenses, costs to sustain the activity B Dùng thuật ngữ Phần A để điền vào đoạn văn sau (1) Accounting summarizes and submits financial information of a business or organization in reports and statements One of the most important financial reports is the (2) This report shows the economic performance of a business, whether it has made a (3) or loss The basic format is revenues less (4) _ equals income (in Britain income is called profit) If expenses are greater than sales, then there is a loss Another very important report is the (5) _ This shows assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity of the business on a specific day, usually the last day of the accounting year (6) _ are normally divided into current and non-current assets Current assets are the assets that are used to fund day-to-day operations and pay ongoing expenses Noncurrent assets are intended for use in the long-term operations of a business Non-current assets will still be with the company in several years © Không chép chưa chấp thuận BÀI GIẢNG TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH - KẾ TOÁN – TÀI CHÍNH (7) _ can be either short term or long term The former are current liabilities, which are debts payable within one year, while the latter are classified as long-term liabilities, which are debts payable over a longer period PHẦN II THẢO LUẬN VÀ ĐỌC HIỂU A B THẢO LUẬN What are functions of financial information? Who may need the financial information of a company? What are the responsibilities of an accountant in a company? ĐỌC HIỂU Đọc đọc trả lời câu hỏi sau Why is accounting called the “language of business”? How is a standardized accounting system achieved? What the balance sheet and the income statement have in common? How are they different? How are accountants classified in the United States? What kinds of services public accountants probably provide? Which type of accounting – public, private, or governmental – appeals to you the most? Why? AN INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING Accounting is frequently called the “language of business” because of its ability to communicate financial information about an organization Various interested parties, including internal users, such as a company's managers and employees, and external users, such as creditors, potential investors, governmental agencies, financial analysts, and labor unions, rely on a company’s financial information to help them make informed financial decisions An effective accounting system, therefore, must include accurate collecting, recording, classifying, summarizing, interpreting, and reporting of information on the financial status of an organization In order to achieve a standardized system, the accounting process follows accounting principles and rules Regardless of the type of business or the amount of money involved, common procedures for handling and presenting financial information © Không chép chưa chấp thuận BÀI GIẢNG TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH - KẾ TOÁN – TÀI CHÍNH are used Incoming money (revenues) and outgoing money (expenditures) are carefully monitored, and transactions are summarized in financial statements, which reflect the major financial activities of an organization Two common financial statements are the balance sheet and the income statement The balance sheet shows the financial position of a company at one point of time, while the income statement shows the financial performance of a company over a period of time Financial statements allow interested parties to compare one organization to another and/or to compare accounting periods within one organization For example, an investor may compare the most recent income statements of two corporations in order to find out which one would be a better investment People who specialize in the field of accounting are known as accountants In the United States, accountants are usually classified as public, private, or governmental Public accountants work independently and provide accounting services such as auditing and tax computation to companies and individuals Public accountants may earn the title of CPA (Certified Public Accountant) by fulfilling rigorous requirements Private accountant work solely for private companies or corporations that hire them to maintain financial records, and governmental accountants work for government agencies or bureaus Both private and governmental accountants are paid on a salary basis, whereas public accountants receive fees for their services Through effective application of commonly accepted accounting systems, private, public and governmental accountants provide accurate and timely financial information that is necessary for organizational decision-making Từ vựng - ability (n) - khả năng, lực - communicate (v) - truyền đạt - interested parties (n) – bên quan tâm - creditors (n) – chủ nợ - potential investors (n) – nhà đầu tư tiềm - governmental agencies (n) – quan phủ - labor unions (n) – liên đoàn lao động - financial status (n) – tình hình tài - accounting principles and rules (n) – nguyên tắc quy tắc kế toán © Không chép chưa chấp thuận BÀI GIẢNG TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH - KẾ TOÁN – TÀI CHÍNH G H A dispensing C amortization B capitalizing D accumulating the asset 19 Which item below DOES NOT describe a balance sheet? A Assets + Liabilities = Stockholders' Equity B Assets – Liabilities = Stockholders' Equity C Financial position at a point in time D Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity 20 A(n) examines a company's accounting information system to determine whether financial reports reliably represent its operations A asset accounting B leverage C liability D audit Xác định nội dung câu sau Đúng hay Sai theo nghi ệp vụ kế toán Nếu đúng, ghi TRUE Ngược lại, ghi FALSE Companies may choose a natural business year end, rather than December 31, as the end of their fiscal year for accounting reporting The balance sheet is prepared before the statement of changes in owner's equity _ The income statement represents the basic accounting equation _ The balance sheet reports the final balances of the permanent accounts at the end of the fiscal period _ Long-term investments would appear in the capital asset section of the balance sheet A net income for the period is the amount left after the expenses for the period have been subtracted from revenue _ Net income or net loss is the difference between total revenue and total expenses over a specific period of time _ Depreciation is recorded to reflect the decline in market value of plant assets _ Financial statements can be prepared from the information provided by an adjusted trial balance _ 10 Financial statements that reflect financial data for two or more periods are often referred to as comparative statements _ Dùng từ/cụm từ khung để hoàn thành câu sau statement of changes in owner's equity ratio analysis net income or net loss financial statements balance sheet return on sales summarize the changes resulting from business transactions that have occurred during an accounting period 52 © Không chép chưa chấp thuận BÀI GIẢNG TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH - KẾ TOÁN – TÀI CHÍNH The _ is completed as a support document for the balance sheet is a comparison of two items on a financial statement, resulting in a percentage that is used to evaluate the relationship between the two items A(n) is the financial statement that reports the final balances in all asset, liability, and owner's equity accounts at the end of the accounting period is reported on the income statement indicates what percentage of net sales represents profit 53 © Không chép chưa chấp thuận  ... chủ đề nội dung liên quan tới chuyên ngành Kế toán Accounting standards Accounting Accounting equation Bookkeeping BÀI GIẢNG TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH - KẾ TOÁN – TÀI CHÍNH PHẦN I TỪ VỰNG A Sử dụng... status (n) – tình hình tài - accounting principles and rules (n) – nguyên tắc quy tắc kế toán © Không chép chưa chấp thuận BÀI GIẢNG TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH - KẾ TOÁN – TÀI CHÍNH G H A dispensing... handling and presenting financial information © Không chép chưa chấp thuận BÀI GIẢNG TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH - KẾ TOÁN – TÀI CHÍNH are used Incoming money (revenues) and outgoing money (expenditures)