Bồi dưỡng Tiến Anh hè lớp 8

Tenses (Thì) 1. Simple present ( hiện tại đơn): * Cách chia: a. I /We / You / They + V : We go to school everyday. He / She / It + Vs/es : He usually goes to school on foot. + Dùng do / does trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn: He doesn’t often go to school on foot./ We don’t go to school on Sundays. Does he often go to school on foot? / Do you go to school on Sunday? b. Verb BE : I + am : I am in grade 6. He /She /It + is : He is the best student in my class. We /You /They + are : They are Nam’s brothers. * Dấu hiệu nhận biết: - adverbs of frequency: always, often, usually, sometimes, rarely, never… -adverb phrases of frequency: everyday, every week, every summer, every Sunday ; once a day, twice a week, three times a year… * Cách dùng:-chỉ hành động thường xuyên xảy ra, thói quen, sự thật … -dùng trong mệnh đề phụ chỉ thời gian ( khi mệnh đề chính ở thì tương lai) We’ll go out when it stops raining - dùng để nói về thời gian biểu,chương trình,giờ khởi hành của xe lửa,tàu thuỷ . The concert starts at 7.30 . / What time does the train leave? 2. Present progressive ( hiện tại tiếp diễn): * Cách chia: I + am + V-ing : I am doing my homework now. He /She /It+ is + V-ing : He isn’t doing his homework now. We / You / They+ are + V-ing : Are you doing your homework now? * Dấu hiệu nhận biết:- now, at the moment, at the present, at this time…; - câu tiếp theo sau câu mệnh lệnh : Look! He is running after the bus. * Cách dùng:- chỉ sự việc đang xảy ra khi nói - hành động sắp xảy ra trong tương lai gần He is going on Sunday. - Chỉ sự thay đổi và phát triển với get and become The town is becoming busier. + Những động từ không dùng ở thì tiếp diễn (động từ chỉ cảm giác,suy nghĩ ):see,smell,feel, taste,hear, believe,think,understand,remember,love,like dislike,hate . * Spelling: come-> coming , run -> running , lie-> lying 3. Simple past (qúa khứ đơn): * Cách chia : S + Ved / V2 : He visited Hanoi last summer. S + didn’t + V : He didn’t visit Hanoi last summer. Did + S + V ? : Did he visit Hanoi last summer? - Verb BE: I / He / She / It + was : I could play the piano when I was six. We / You / They + were : They were at Mai’s party yesterday. * Dấu hiệu nhận biết: yesterday , …ago, last… * Cách dùng : chỉ sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, xác định thời gian và đã hoàn toàn chấm dứt * Sound of the ending ED -> /id / / t / /d / 5. Simple future (tương lai): * Cách chia : S + will + V ( I / We + shall ; shall not = shan’t ) S + will not + V Will + S + + V ? Tomorrow I will be thirteen. *Dấu hiệu nhận biết : tomorrow, next, in the future,in 3/4/10…days, soon, someday… * Cách dùng : chỉ sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai I shall be 14 next Sunday. * BE GOING TO dùng cho thì tương lai để chỉ kế hoạch,dự định,sự sắp xếp . I am going to buy some books tomorrow ./ Jack is going to play tennis this afternoon. + Chú ý: be going to thường không dùng với động từ go và come They are coming tomorrow. ( không dùng going to come) Exercises I) Complete the sentenses.Use am / is / are + one of these verbs: building coming having playing cooking standing swimming Listen! Pat the piano. They .a new hotel in the city center at the moment. Look! Somebody in the river. “You on my foot”. “Oh.I’m sorry.” Hurry up! The bus “Where are you ,George?” “In the kitchen,I a meal.” (On the telephone) “Hello.Can I speak to Ann,Please?” “ She a shower at the moment.Can you phone again later?” II) What’s happening at the moment? Write true sentenses. (I /wash /my hair ) 2.(It / snow) 3.(I / sit / on a chair ) 4.(I /eat ) 5.(I / learn / English ) 6.(The sun / shine ) 7.( I / smoke / a cigarette) 8.( I /read / a newspaper) III) Complete the sentenses.Use the correct form of these verbs: boil close cost(2) go have like meet open smoke speak teach wash She’s very clever.She four languages. Steve ten cigarettes a day. We usually . .dinner at 7 o’clock. I film.I often to the cinema. Water at 100 degrees Celsius. In Britain the banks . at 9.30 in the morning. The City Museum at 5 o’clock every evening. Food is expensive. They at lot of money. Tina is a teacher.She mathematics to young children. Your job is very interesting.You a lot of people. Peter his hair twice a week. Shoes are expensive.They a lot of money. IV) Write the opposite( positive or negative): 1.I understand. 5.He doesn’t smoke. 2.They know. 6.She loves him 3.They speak English. 7.I don’t want it. 4.She doesn’t want them. 8.He lives in Rome. V) Study this information: ☺ Bob and Ann George You How often do you .? drink coffee in the morning? read newspaper? get up before 7 o’clock? never often sometime usually never always ? ? ? VI) Put the verbs in the present progressive or present simple: Excuse me . (you/speak) English? Tom (have) a shower at the moment. They (not/watch) television very often. Listen! Somebody (sing) She’s tired.She (want) to go home now. How often (you/read) a newspaper? “ Excuse me, but you (sit) in my place.” “ Oh,I’m sorry.” “ I’m sorry,I (not/understand).Please speak more slowly.” “Where are you,Roy?” “I’m in the sitting-room.I (read) What time (she/finish) work every day? You can turn off the radio.I (not/listen) to it. He (not/usually/drive) to work.He usually (walk) VII) Complete the sentenses.Use one of these verbs in the past simple: clean die enjoy finish happen live open play rain smoke start stay want watch Yesterday everning I television. I my teeth three times yesterday. Ben 20 cigarettes yesterday evening. The concert last night at 7.30 and at 10 o’clock. The accident last Sunday afternoon. Today the weather is nice but yesterday it When I was a child,I to be a doctor. Mozart from 1756 to 1791. We our holiday last year it It was hot in the room,so I the window. The weather was good yesterday afternoon,so we tennis. William Shakepeare in 1616. VIII) Put the verbs in the correct form of the past ( positive,negative or question): I (play) tennis yesterday but I (not/win) We (wait) a long time for the bus but it (not/come) That is a nice shirt.Where (you/ buy) it? She (see) me but she (not/speak) to me. “ (it/rain) yesterday?” “ No, it was a nice day.” That was a stupid thing to do.Why (you/do)it? IX) Use the words in the brackets to write sentenses.All the sentenses are future.Use the present continuous or present simple: 1.I /not /go / out / tonight. 2.The concert /start / 8.15 3.I / meet / my friends this evening. 4.Tom /not /come / the party on Thursday. 5.The English course /finish /on 10 May. 6.My sister / get / married next December 7.My train / leave /at 8.45 8.I /not / go / to London tomorrow. X) Choose the correct tense: We’ll go / are going to the theater tonight.We’ve got the tickets. What will you do /are you doing tomorrow everning? Nothing.I’m free. I’ll go /I’m going away tomorrow morning.My train is at 8.40. I’m sure he’ll lend /he’s lending you some money.He’s very rich. “Why are you putting on your coat?” “ I’ll go out./ I’m going out” Do you think Claire will phone /is phoning us tonight? She can’t meet us on Saturday.She’ll work /She’s working. XI) Complete the sentenses.Use be going to + one of the verbs: eat give lie rain study walk wash My hair is dirty.I’m going to wash it. I don’t want to go home by bus.I John’s university course begins in October.He engineering. Take an umbrella with you.It . I’m hungry.I .this sandwich. It’s Vaal’s birthday next week.We her a present. I felel tired. I down for an hour. XII) Put the verbs in the simple present or simple future: We shall wait until the police (come) You will be astonished when you (see) the view. She (not/come) until you are ready. We (send) a telegram before we arrive. As soon as you buy the book,I (borrow) it from you. TENSES (Cont.) 1.Past progressive (quá khứ tiếp diễn): * Cách chia : I / He / She / It + was +V-ing We / You / They + were + V-ing At this time yesterday, I was learning my lesson. * Dấu hiệu nhận biết:- at that time / at…+ past time ( yesterday,…ago, last…, …) * Cách dùng : - chỉ sự việc đang xảy ra ở một thời điểm trong quá khứ At three o’clock yesterday I was having Physical education class. - một việc đang xảy ra cùng lúc với hành động khác trong quá khứ While my mom and my sister were cooking dinner, I was cleaning the floor at 4 o’clock lastnight. + Chú ý: sự việc đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác xảy ra cắt ngang (hành động dài hơn dùng thì QKTD,hành động ngắn cắt ngang dùng thì QKĐ) When the teacher came in, the studends were playing , they weren’t doing their exercises. 2. Present perfect (thì hiện tại hoàn thành) * Cách chia: : have/has + past participle ( Ved /V3) + I /We /You /They + have (‘ve) + Ved /V3 He / She / It + has (‘s) + Ved / V3 - I /We /You /They + have not (haven’t)+ Ved /V3 He / She / It +has not (hasn’t) + Ved / V3 ? Have + I /we/you/they + Ved /V3? => Yes,S + have/has. Has + he /she / it + Ved / V3? No,S + haven’t / hasn’t. * Dấu hiệu nhận biết :- since ,for, yet, already, just , recently, so far, up to now,… - already, just : đứng giữa have/has và động từ chính(Ved/V3)} * Cách dùng : - chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không xác định rõ thời gian với already,just, yet, recently, so far, up to now,before,… I haven’t seen a lion yet. - hành động còn liên quan đến hiện tại với since ,for My father has had the motorbike for 10 years. - hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ nhiều lần với many times,several times . We have seen that film many times. * dạng quá khứ phân từ ( past participle) của động từ có qui tắc giống dạng qúa khứ ( thêm -ED) clean-> cleaned, finish ->finished,stop -> stopped ,study ->studied * dạng quá khứ phân từ ( past participle) của động từ bất qui tắc : động từ ở cột 3 be- was/were-been go –went –gone do – did – done speak –spoke-spoken put – put – put build-built-built 5 * gone và been He has gone to Hanoi ( = He is in Hanoi now) He has been to Hanoi ( = He went to Hanoi but now he is back) * Have you ever .? (-> present perfect ): present perfect + ever (trong câu hỏi) và never: - Has Ann ever been to Australia?- No, never. - Have you ever played golf ? -Yes, once.(= one time) - My mother has never travelled by air. - I've never ridden a horse. * for / since and ago ■ for / since: - for / since -> how long How long have you been here? I ‘ve been here for 10 years / since 1996 - for + a period of time ( một giai đoạn): for four days / for two years . - since + the start of the period ( bắt đầu một giai đoạn / một mốc thời gian):since Monday / since 9 o'clock . ) * So sánh present perfect (I have done) và past simple ( I did ) + Dùng thì quá khứ với thời gian đã hoàn tất (finished time): yesterday/last week/in 1986/six months ago - I saw Jack yesterday, (not “I have seen Jack yesterday.”) - Where were you last night? (not “Where have you been last night?”) - We didn't have a holiday last year. (not “We haven't had .) - I got up at 7.15. I washed, dressed and then I had breakfast. - William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was a writer. He wrote many plays and poems. (not . . . has been a writer . . . has written many plays) + Dùng thì quá khứ để hỏi When? / What time? - When did they arrive? (not “ When have they arrived?”) + Compare: present perfect past simple I have lost my key. but I lost my key yesterday. . (= I can't find it now) Bill has gone home but Bill went home ten minutes ago. (= he isn't here now) 6 FORMS OF VERBS(Các hình thức của động từ) * Có 3 hình thức cơ bản của động từ: nguyên mẫu không có TO (bare inf),nguyên mẫu có TO (to inf) , danh động từ(V-ing) A- Bare infinitive: ( động từ nguyên mẫu không có to): a. Sau modals: S + can, could,may might,should, must…+ V (bare inf) - can / could: chỉ khả năng - may / might : diễn tả những điều mà người nói không chắc chắn lắm - should= ought to: diễn tả lời khuyên, bổn phận,lời đề nghị - must = have to: diễn tả trách nhiệm hoặc bổn phận ( must mang tính bắt buộc hơn) - will : to make offers ,requests, promises . - trong cấu trúc: make/have/let + O + V b.Trong cấu trúc : Let’s + V… Should we + V …? Why don’t we + V…? Would you please+ V … S + used to + V . 7 ♦ Một số động từ đáng chú ý: I) WOULD:-Ngoài cách dùng của nó trong câu điều kiện, "would" còn dùng để chỉ một thói quen trong quá khứ. Ex: •When I was a child, I would sing folk songs. II) USED TO - BE (GET) USED TO: - "used to + infinitive" dùng để diễn tả một thói quen ở qúa khứ Ex: •He used to swim when he was six: -> ở đây "used to" có nghĩa là "thường, đã từng". - "be (get) used to + V-ing": quen với, (trở nên quen với). Ex: • My mother is used to getting up early everyday. • He got used to walking five kilometres a day because he's lost his bicycle. - "be (get) used to + Noun" Ex: Tom has got used to the cold weather since he came here. III) WOULD RATHER: - "would rather" cùng nghĩa với "prefer" (thích hơn) nhưng "would rather" đi với động từ trong khi "prefer" có thể đi với động từ hoặc danh từ. would rather + infinitive (không "to" ) + than . prefer + V-ing . + to . prefer + Noun . + to . Ex: • I would rather go to the cinema than stay at home. • I prefer going to the cinema to staying at home. • I prefer oranges to apples. -Thể phủ định của "would rather" = would rather + not. Ex: John would rather not go to class tomorrow. IV) WOULD LIKE: - "would like" thường được sử dụng trong những lời mời và cũng có nghĩa là "muốn". "would like" + to-infinitive. ('d like) Ex: • I'd like to tell you something about myself. • Would you like to have a walk with me? 8 V) COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT: Mặc dù "could" được sử dụng trong câu điều kiện, nó còn có thể được dùng để chỉ một "khả năng". Trong trường hợp này, "could, may, might" đều có cùng một nghĩa, để diễn tả những gì mà người nói cảm thấy chưa chắc chắn lắm. Ex:• It might rain tomorrow. It may rain tomorrow. It could rain tomorrow. -> (Ngày mai trời có thể mưa.) Người ta cũng có thể nói: •It will possibly rain tomorrow. Maybe it will rain tomorrow. * Possibly, maybe = perhaps: có lẽ, có khả năng Ex: • I don't know where Lan is. Maybe she is in her room. • I may go to the beach or stay at home in this summer holidays VI) WILL / SHALL: You can use I'll . (= I will) when you offer or decide to do something: -dùng will khi ta muốn đưa ra đề nghị hoặc quyết định làm một điều gì đó: •'My case is very heavy.' 'I'll carry it tor you.' •'I'll phone you tomorrow, okay?' 'Okay, goodbye.' -Shall I / Shall we ? = Do you think this is a good thing to do? Do you think this is a good idea? ->dùng trong câu đề nghị: • It's warm in this room. Shall I open the window? • Shall I phone you this evening?' 'Yes, please.' • It's a nice day. Shall we go for a walk? B- To infinitive: (động từ nguyên mẫu có to) - want / decide /remember /forget /would like / decide/ intend /begin / start / try / expect / .+ to inf - too + adj + to inf - adj + enough + to infUNIT 19 Exercises 19.1 Use the words in brackets ( ) to answer the questions. 9 - It takes + time + to inf - S + ask / tell / advise / request / teach / allow / encourage / get + O + to inf - would like / would love+ to inf…? - S + be + adj + to inf (adj): easy, difficult, impossible,safe, boring, hard, amusing,… ♦ TO INFINITIVES: 1. Nhóm A: Verb + to inf hope to do sth intend to do sth decide to do sth promise to do sth agree to do sth offer to do sth refuse to do sth expect to do sth would like to do sth want to do sth need to do sth 2.Nhóm B: Verb + (pro)noun + to inf tell sb to do sth advise sb to do sth encourage todo sth invite sb to do sth allow sb todo sth order sb todo sth ask sb todo sth expect sb todo sth would like sb todo sth want sb to do sth need sb to do sth require sb todo sth remind sb todo sth persuade sb to do sth teach sb to do sth Verb + to inf / gerund : - like doing sth: thích làm điều gì like to do sth: muốn,quen làm điều gì - try doing sth: cố gắng làm điều gì try to do sth: thử làm điều gì xem kết quả ra sao - stop doing sth: chấm dứt một việcgì stop to do sth: dừng lại để làm gì - need doing sth: cần phải được làm gì need to do sth: cần phải làm gì - forget doing sth: quên đã làm điều gì forget to do sth: quên làm điều gì - remember doing sth: nhớ đã làm điều gì remember to do sth: nhớ làm điều gì - in order (not) to / so as (not) to + V  chỉ muc đich C- V-ing: ( Gerund) - sau các động từ: enjoy, like ,dislike, hate, love,finish,stop,mind,go on, start,begin,keep, avoid, suggest,practice . - prefer + V-ing+ to + V-ing - What about + V-ing…? - sau giới từ : of,to,at,in,by,with,without,from,about…, Ex: He is afraid of staying at home alone. / Try to work without making a noise. - sau be/get used to,look forward to,spend (time /money) . Ex: I am used to being criticized. - khi động từ làm chủ ngữ trong câu. ♦ GERUNDS ( Danh động từ): V-ing 1.Gerund làm tân ngữ của giới từ: We talk about going to Nhatrang on the holiday. I’m used to wearing a siut and tie every day. I look forward to going home next month. We talked about not going to the meeting. 10 [...]... agreement/ work/ together 13 yesterday/ you/ promise/ carry on/ shoot/ the film 14 my father/ seem/ get/ better/ now 15 1/ would rather/ stay/ home/ tonight PASSIVE VOICE (Thể bị động) - Động từ dùng trong tiếng Anh có hai dạng: + Chủ động: Chủ ngữ thực hiện hành động + Bị động: Chủ ngữ chịu tác động của hành động -Hình thức động từ của câu bị động có dạng: be + past participle ( Ved / V3) * Đổi câu từ chủ... laboratory? 6 Is she making big cakes for the party? 7 Has Tom finished the work? 8 Are the police making inquires about the thief? 9 Must we finish the test before ten? 10 Will buses bring the children home? 2/ Wh- questions: 11 Why didn't they help him? 12 How many games has the team played? 13 Where do people speak English? 18 14 Who are they keeping in the kitchen? 15 How can they open this safe? 16... different languages in India 6 These houses are very old They .about 500 years ago 7 Many American programmes on British television 8 'Is this a very old film?' 'Yes, it in 1949.' 9 My car last week The next day it .by the police 10 The transistor in 19 48 11 She has a very good job She $ 3000 a month IV) Where were they born? 1 (Ian / Edinburgh) -> Ian was born in Edinburgh 2 (Sally... Friday, I _(give) a lift to work by a colleague 18 Eleven strikers who _ (imprison) for disturbing the, peace (release) yesterday 19 Your poem should (write) in English 20 It's a serious problem I don't know how it can _(solve) 21 I learned to swim when I (be) very young I (teach) by my mother 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 They're painting the living room now They're going to... blocked) by fallen trees and electricity lines (8) (brought/were brought) down, leaving thousands of homes without electricity "Everything possible (9) (is doing/is being done) to get the situation back to normal," a spokesman (10) (said/was said) VI) Supply the corect form of the verbs: The old building in East Street isBradford Hail It (1) (build) in 182 7 and today it (2) (regard) as the finest... have locked /lock) it 6.I like (cleaned /clean /cleaning / that I clean)the kitchen as often as possible 7 A friend of mine phoned mea (for invite/ to invite / for inviting / for to invite) to a party 8 a It is difficult to him understand b He is difficult to understand c It is difficult to understand him d He is difficult to understand him 9 I didn't hear you ( came/ come/ to come /had come)in You... sure (should knock/ to knock /whether knock /whether to knock) or just walk in 17 It was too cold (for the guests eating/ for the guests to eat/ that the guests should eat / that the guests eat) outside 18. 1 didn't like it in the city firstly But now( I'm used to living /I used to live/ I used to living/ I'm used to live) 19.a It isn't enough funny for him to repeat b It isn't funny enough fur him repeating... refuse/ take part/ in the Olympics Chris/ be/ fed up with/ drive/ in the rush hour traffic/ every day I / really/ detest/ wait/ for buses/ in the rain the baby/ begin/ cry/ the middle of the night 14 8 I / found /it / difficult /reach / a decision 9 the buses/ usually/ stop/ run/ before midnight 10 Sandra/ be used to/ work/ late/ the office 11 I/ can't face/ get up/ at five/ morning 12 last year/ we/... .drive too fast 4 .we go? - Just a minute, I'm not ready yet 5 .we take the bus or the train? 6 The car start There must be something wrong with it 7 Tea or coffee? - I have coffee, please 8 I listen to any of this nonsense 9 I wait for you? - Oh, thank you 10 Tom and I .help you get everything ready III) Invite people to do things Use Would you like to ? 1 (invite someone to... away 4 They will hold the meeting before May Day 5 They have to repair the engine of the car 6 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures 7 People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday 8 They may use this room for the classroom 9 The teacher is going to tell a story 10 Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife 11 The children looked at the women with a red hat.I 12 They have provided . 10 May. 6.My sister / get / married next December 7.My train / leave /at 8. 45 8. I /not / go / to London tomorrow. X) Choose the correct tense: We’ll go. rather/ stay/ home/ tonight PASSIVE VOICE (Thể bị động) - Động từ dùng trong tiếng Anh có hai dạng: + Chủ động: Chủ ngữ thực hiện hành động + Bị động: Chủ ngữ