The study of pottery collections from the settlement site of seglamen 2010 field season

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT The Study of Pottery Collections from the Settlement Site of Seglamen: 2010 Field Season By: Friyat Angesom Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June, 2017 The Study of Pottery Collections from the Settlement Site of Seglamen: 2010 Field Season By: Friyat Angesom Advisor: Tekle Hagos (Ass.Professor) Co-Advisor: Luisa Sernicola(PhD) A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Addis Ababa University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Art in Archaeology June, 2017 Addis Ababa University School of Graduate studies This is to certify that the thesis presented by Friyat Angesom entitled: The Study of Pottery Collections from the Settlement Site of Seglamen: 2010 Field Season submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Masters of Art in Archaeology complies with the regulation of University and meets the accepted standard with respect to originality and quality Signed by Board of Examiners _ Examiner _ Examiner Supervisor _ Signature _ Signature _ Signature DECLARATION I, the undersigned, declare that this thesis is my own work; it has not previously been published or presented for a degree in any other university and that all sources of materials used for the thesis have been cited and duly acknowledged Name: Friyat Angesom Signature: Date: _ Acknowledgments Most of all, I would like to express my heartfelt gratefulness and respect to the Almighty God for giving me the courage, power, and mercy to finish my study “God and St Marry thank you so much for everything” Next to this, I would like extend my deepest gratitude and great fullness to Aksum and Addis Ababa Universities respectively for sponsoring my education fully and rendering me the necessary budget to accomplish my research Completing my study without the support of the two universities would have been very difficult Next, I would like to extend my genuine appreciation and gratitude to my principal advisor Assistant Professor Tekle Hagos for his unrelenting supervision, tolerance, encouragement and determined support My advisor, I want to thank you so much for your invaluable, unchanged and continued support It has been a real blessing to have you My heartfelt appreciation, respect and gratefulness also goes to my co-advisor Dr Luisa Sernicola for her priceless comments and guidance, and for the complete effort she made for the completion of this study Besides her overall effort and determination to succeed this thesis, her role in translating different articles and books from Italian to English was quite indispensable for me to access important literary sources Thank you so much my dear I would also like to extend my gratitude to peoples who were working with me at different times I want to thank Gabriella Giovannone, one of the ceramic analysts working at the site of Seglamen, for her active support while I was doing the description and documentation part of the work in the laboratory of Aksum’s museum Her experience was really valuable I would like to express my gratitude to Ato Worku Derara for enhancing the drawings of potsherds using Adope Photoshop Next I would like to thank my beloved family (Brhan, Hadush, Alula and Natnael) for everything I can’t imagine life without you Finally, I would like to say thank you to my friends, classmates and other peoples whose name is not mentioned here THANK YOU SO MUCH INDEED I Abstract Archaeological investigations were conducted at the pre-Aksumite settlement site of Seglamen at different times starting from 2010, but systematic analysis on the ceramics that were recovered in 2010 field season from the building exposed at excavation unit SEG I has not yet been conducted These potteries are presently stored in the archaeological museum of Aksum This study was conducted aiming at providing the typological, functional and chronological classification of the pottery collection from one of the very few undisturbed contexts excavated at SEG I, namely unit 5, the living floor of Room This was done in order to chronologically ascribe the building to one of the three major architectural phases exposed and documented in the settlement area during 2010 up to 2014 field seasons by the Italian Archaeological Expedition at Seglamen of the University of Naples “L’Orientale” conducted under the direction of Rodolfo Fattovich, Andrea Manzo, and Luisa Sernicola Additionally, it was aimed at confirming the hypothesis that Room of the building had been used as a food preparation and cooking area To achieve this, purposive sampling technique was employed in order to select the sample potteries from the whole pottery assemblage of SEG I Consequently, the data selected from the whole assemblage were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively Hence, the result of this analysis provides two groups of vessels with the total number of 377 sherds:276 non-diagnostic and 101 diagnostic sherds Detailed description and analysis of the diagnostic sherds allowed the researcher to extract seven types of vessels: bowls, cups, beakers, plates, basins, pots and jars, and thirteen groups of fabrics According to the types of vessels and color, and by comparing them with the ceramics from other pre-Aksumite sites, the researcher came up with the conclusion that Room of the building was used as an area for cooking, preparing, and storing food and beverages; there serving vessels were also kept The room, and the building, can be chronologically dated to the pre-Aksumite period (1st half of the 1st millennium BC) More precisely, they can be related to architectural Phase III of Seglamen, and dated to the 6th/5th centuries BC on the basis of radiocarbon dating from other buildings belonging to the same phase Finally, this research has come up with different recommendations which might be imperative for the future Hence, the intensive investigation of the entire ceramic assemblage from the whole building, their analysis combined with the study of related artifacts, botanical and faunal studies, as well as the detection of undisturbed samples for radiocarbon dating will surely play a pivotal role in bringing a more detailed knowledge about the dating and function of the building, and the economy and social organization of the people living at Seglamen between the 6th/5th century BC Key words: Seglamen, Pottery, Pre-Aksumite, Northern Ethiopia II Table of Contents Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………………… I Abstract……… ………………………………………………………………………… II List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………… V List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………… V Table of contents …………………………………………………………………………III CHAPTER ONE……………………………………………………………………………….1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1 1.1 Background of the Study Area………………………………………………….1 1.2 Background of the Study……………………………………………………… 1.3 Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………… 1.4 Objective of the Study………………………………………………………… 10 1.4.1 General Objective……………………………………………………….10 1.4.2 Specific Objectives…………………………………………………… 10 1.5 Limitation of the Study………………………………………………………….10 1.6 Significance of the Study……………………………………………………… 11 1.7 Research Methodologies…………………………………………………………11 1.7.1 Data Types and Source………………………………………………… 11 1.7.2 Sampling Techniques…………………………………………………….11 1.7.3 Data Collection and Analysis Procedures………………………………12 1.7.4 Ethical Considerations………………………………………………… 12 1.8 Organization of the Paper……………………………………………………… 13 CHAPTER TWO……………………………………………………………………………… 14 Review of Related Literature……………………………………………………… 14 2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 14 2.2 Previous Research on Ethiopian Pottery……………………………………… 16 2.3 Characteristics of the Aksumite Pottery from the Different Successive Periods in Aksum………………………………………………………………… 20 CHAPTER THREE …………………………………………………………………………… 28 Data Presentation……………………………………………………………………….28 3.1 Overview of the Ceramics from Seglamen: The Settlement and the Cemetery 28 3.1.1 The Settlement………………………………………………………………30 3.1.2 The Cemetery……………………………………………………………… 31 3.2 Documentation of the Ceramics from SEG I, Room 1, SU 5…………………… 32 3.2.1 Non-Diagnostic Sherds………………………………………………… .33 3.2.2 Diagnostic Sherds………………………………………………………… 33 III 3.3 Description of the Diagnostic Sherds from SEG I, Room 1, SU 5……………….34 3.3.1 Rims………………………………………………………………………….36 3.3.2 Handles………………………………………………………………………37 3.3.3 Bases…………………………………………………………………………39 3.3.4 Neck/Shoulders…………………………………………………………… 40 3.3.5 Decorated Sherds……………………………………………………………41 3.4 The Fabrics………………………………………………………………………… 45 3.5 From Diagnostics to Shapes……………………………………………………… 48 3.5.1 Bowls…………………………………………………………………………48 3.5.1.1 Large Bowls…………………………………………………………… 48 3.5.1.2 Medium Bowls………………………………………………………… 48 3.5.1.3 Small Bowls………………………………………………………………49 3.5.2 Cups………………………………………………………………………… 49 3.5.3 Plates………………………………………………………………………….50 3.5.4 Pots……………………………………………………………………………51 3.5.5 Basins…………………………………………………………………………52 3.5.6 Beakers……………………………………………………………………… 52 3.5.7 Jars……………………………………………………………………………53 CHAPTER FOUR………………………………………………………………………………… 56 Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………56 4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………… 56 4.2 An Interpretation on the Function of the Vessels from SEG I, Room 1, SU 5… 57 4.2.1 Bowls………………………………………………………………………….58 4.2.2 Cups………………………………………………………………………… 58 4.2.3 Plates………………………………………………………………………… 58 4.2.4 Pots…………………………………………………………………………….58 4.2.5 Basins………………………………………………………………………….59 4.2.6 Beakers……………………………………………………………………… 59 4.2.7 Jars……………………………………………………………………………59 4.3 An Interpretation on the Chronological Classification of the Pottery Collection and the Building 61 4.4 Conclusions andRecommendations…………………… ………………………… 65 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………… 68 APPENDIX 1……………………………………………………………………………………… VII APPENDIX 2……………………………………………………………………………………….VIII IV List of Tables Table 1: Tabulated list of the diagnostic sherds from SEG I, Room 1, SU 5………………… 35 Table 2: Tabulated list of the decoration patterns from SEG I, Room 1, SU 5……………….….42 Table 3: Tabulated list of the fabrics from SEG I, Room 1, SU5……………………………… 46 Table Tabulated list of the vessels identified at SEG I, Room 1, SU 5……………………… 54 List of Figures Fig 1: Map showing the location of Seglamen with respect to Aksum……………………… ….1 Fig 2: Photo of the May Haselo/Nigus river valley from the site………………… ….………….2 Fig 3: Plan of the three major architectural phases exposed at the site………………… ……….5 Fig 4: Photo and plan of the building of Phase I……………………………………………….…6 Fig 5: Photo and plan of the structures of Phase II……………………………………………….6 Fig 6: Photo and plan of the structures of Phase III…………………………………………… Fig 7: Photos and plan of the building exposed at SEG I: below right and left, stone slabs and stone blocks with traces of fire in Room 1……………………………………………………… Fig 8: Map showing major pre-Aksumite and Aksumite archaeological sites of the Tigrean highland………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 Fig 9: Typical pre-Aksumite ceramics from Seglamen and Yeha……………………….…… 22 Fig 10: Typical Proto-Aksumite ceramics from Bieta Giyorgis……… …………………… 23 Fig 11: Typological sequence of the Aksumite ceramics (after Bard et al 2014).…………… 25 Fig 12: Photos and drawings showing different Akumite ceramics shapes and decorations……26 Fig 13: Map showing the location of the settlement and of the cemetery at the site of Seglamen.29 Fig 14: Map showing the Excavation Units from 2010 to 2013………………….…………… 29 Fig 15: Graph showing the amount of non-diagnostic and diagnostic sherds……….………… 32 V Fig 16: Graph showing the amount of the types of diagnostics…………………………… 35 Fig 17: Photos showing samples of rims from SEG I, SU 5……………………….…………….36 Fig 18: Drawings showing samples of rims from SEG I, SU 5………………………….……….37 Fig 19: Drawings and photos showing samples of handles from Seglamen………………….….38 Fig 20: Photos showing samples of bases from Seglamen……………………………………….39 Fig 21: Drawings showing samples of bases from Seglamen………………… ……………….40 Fig 22: Photos and drawing showing samples of shoulders from Seglamen…………………… 40 Fig 23: Drawings showing samples of decorations from Seglamen…………………………… 43 Fig 24: Photos showing samples of decorations from Seglamen… …………………………….44 Fig 25: Graph showing the percentage of the different types of decoration …………………….45 Fig 26: Graph showing the percentage of fabrics………… …………………………………….47 Fig 27: Drawings of types of bowls from Seglamen……………………………………… … 49 Fig 28: Drawing of types of a cup from Seglamen………………………………… ……… 50 Fig 29: Drawing of a plate from Seglamen……………………………………………………….50 Fig 30: Drawings and photos of types of pots from D-site at Kidane Mehret, Aksum………… 51 Fig 31: Drawing of a large basin from D-site at Kidane Mehret, Aksum…………… …………52 Fig 32: Drawings of types of beakers from Seglamen….……… ………… ……………… .53 Fig 33: Drawings of types of small jars from Seglamen………………………………………….54 Fig 34: Graph showing the percentage of types of vessels based on shape………….……… ….55 VI Ceramics Database: Surface Treatment and Decoration ID SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU51 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU510 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5100 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5101 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU511 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU512 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU513 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU514 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU515 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU516 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU517 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU518 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU519 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU52 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU520 Ext Surface Treatment Int Surface Treatment Int Decor Ext Decor Ext Decor Int Decor Descr Ext Decor Descr high smoothing medium polishing / / / / / light burnishing light polishing / / / / / high smoothing medium smoothing light polishing medium smoothing / / / / / / / / / / light polishing light polishing / / / / / medium polishing / / / / light smoothing medium polishing / medium smoothing / / / / / medium polishing medium polishing / / / / / hight smoothing high smoothing / / / / / medium polishing light polishing / / / / / hight smoothing light polishing / / / / / light polishing light polishing / / / / / light brighting light brightning / / / / / medium polishing medium polishing / medium smoothing / / / / / / / / / light burnishing XXVII SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU521 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU522 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU523 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU524 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU525 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU526 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU527 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU528 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU529 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU53 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU530 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU531 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU532 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU533 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU534 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU535 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU536 light polishing light polishing / / / / / light polishing light rough / Imp / / band of notches light smoothing medium smoothing light smoothing medium smoothing / / / / / / Imp / / zig-zaging light smoothing medium smoothing medium smoothing light smoothing medium smoothing medium smoothing / Inc / / wavy and horizontal lines / Imp / / notches / Inc / / wavy line high smoothing medium smoothing light smoothing / Imp / / two bands of impressed notches light smoothing / Comb / / wavy and horizontal lines high smoothing medium smoothing medium smoothing medium polishing / / / / / light smoothing / Inc / / bands of horizontal lines light smoothing / Grv / / criss-crossing lines high smoothing high smoothing / Inc / / wavy line light smoothing medium smoothing medium smoothing medium smoothing light smoothing medium smoothing / / / / / / / / / / light smoothing medium smoothing / Inc / / vertical lines / / / / / XXVIII SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU537 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU538 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU539 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU54 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU540 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU541 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU542 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU543 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU544 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU545 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU547 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU547 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU548 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU549 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU55 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU550 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU551 light smoothing light polishing / / / / / high smoothing / Comb / / wavy lines light smoothing light smoothing medium smoothing / / / / / high smoothing medium smoothing medium polishing / medium smoothing Imp / / / / / / notches high smoothing medium smoothing light polishing / Inc / light smoothing Inc Inc / / horizontal lines / horizontal line filled with white paste hight smoothing medium smoothing high smoothing Imp Inc Imp notches notches and horizontal lines light smoothing / Imp / / band of notches light smoothing medium smoothing light smoothing / / / / / high smoothing medium smoothing medium smoothing medium smoothing / / / / / / / / / / Grv / / / / / / / / / / / / light smoothing light polishing medium smoothing / / / / high smoothing high smoothing Imp / / / band of notches high smoothing light smoothing medium smoothing light polishing vertical lines / / XXIX SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU552 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU553 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU554 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU555 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU556 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU557 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU558 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU559 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU56 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU560 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU561 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU562 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU563 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU564 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU565 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU566 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU567 medium polishing medium polishing / medium smoothing / / / / / / / / Inc / / medium scraping medium smoothing medium smoothing light smoothing medium smoothing medium smoothing medium smoothing / horizontal lines / / / / / / / / / / / / / medium polishing medium smoothing medium polishing / medium smoothing / / / / / / / / / light smoothing medium rough / light burnishinging light polishing / / / / / high smoothing medium smoothing light smoothing medium smoothing / Comb / / wavy and horizontal lines / / / / / high smoothing high smoothing / / / / / high smoothing high smoothing / / / / / light smoothing medium smoothing light smoothing medium smoothing Inc / / wavy lines / / Inc / / zig-zaging and horizontal lines high smoothing medium smoothing high smoothing medium smoothing / Inc / / wavy and horizontal lines / Inc / / wavy and horizontal lines XXX SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU568 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU569 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU57 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU570 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU571 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU572 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU573 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU574 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU575 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU576 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU577 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU578 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU579 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU58 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU580 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU581 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU582 medium smoothing medium smoothing medium smoothing medium smoothing light burnishinging / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / light polishing medium polishing / medium smoothing / medium smoothing / / / / / light polishing light scraping Imp / / two bands of notches medium polishing / / / / / / / / light smoothing medium polishing / medium smoothing / medium smoothing Inc / / wavy lines / light scraping light scraping / / / / / high smoothing high smoothing / / / / / light polishing high smoothing / / / / / medium polishing medium polishing / / / / / high smoothing high smoothing Imp.; Inc / / two horizontal lines and notches light polishing medium polishing / / / / high smoothing light smoothing / Imp.; Mold.; Inc / / horizontal lines and notches; boss light burnishing medium polishing medium smoothing light polishing / / / XXXI SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU583 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU584 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU585 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU586 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU587 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU588 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU589 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU59 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU590 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU591 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU592 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU593 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU594 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU595 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU596 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU597 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU598 light polishing light polishing / / / / / light polishing light polishing / / / / / light rough light rough medium smoothing / / / / / / Imp / / notches / / / / / high polishing high polishing medium smoothing / / / / / medium polishing high smoothing / / / / / light polishing medium smoothing light polishing / / / / / light rough / / / high smoothing light polishing / / / / / high polishing medium smoothing high smoothing medium smoothing / / / / / / / / / / light smoothing light polishing / / / / / light scraping light rough / / / / / light polishing medium smoothing medium polishing / / / / / high smoothing / / / / / high smoothing light polishing / / / / / light polishing medium polishing XXXII SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU599 high polishing high polishing / / / / / XXXIII Ceramics Database: Types and Shapes ID SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-1 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-10 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5100 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5101 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-11 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-12 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-13 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-14 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-15 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-16 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-17 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-18 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-19 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-2 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-20 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-21 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-22 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-23 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-24 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-25 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-26 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-27 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-28 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-29 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-3 Fg Type rim rim Fg Type Descr pointed pointed Profile open open Shape small bowl cup rim rounded open small bowl rim rim rim rim rim rim rim rim rim rim rim rim rim decorated body-sherd rim decorated body-sherd decorated body-sherd rim; decoration decorated body-sherd decorated body-sherd decorated body-sherd rim flat mouthed rounded rounded rounded slightly pointed pointed rounded pointed pointed rounded rounded everted rounded / flat / / rounded / / / pointed open open open open open open open open open open open open open / open / / open / / / open large bowl medium bowl cup large bowl cup cup cup medium bowl medium bowl beaker large bowl small bowl cup / cup / / small bowl / / / small bowl XXXIV SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-30 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-31 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-32 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-33 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-34 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-35 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-36 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-37 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-38 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-39 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-4 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-40 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-41 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-42 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-43 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-44 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-45 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-47 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-47 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-48 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-49 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-5 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-50 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-51 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-52 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-53 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-54 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-55 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-56 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-57 decorated body-sherd decorated body-sherd decorated body-sherd handle handle decorated body-sherd rim handle decorated body-sherd rim rim rim; decoration decorated body-sherd rim; decoration rim; decoration decorated body-sherd handle base rim rim; decoration rim rim rim rim; decoration rim body-sherd decorated body-sherd body-sherd rim handle / / / / / / rounded everted / / swelling flat rounded / rounded rounded / / / rounded everted swelling flat rounded rounded pointed rounded / / / mouthed everted / / / / / / / closed / / open open open / open open / / / open open open open open open open / / / open / / / / / / jar jar / / small bowl large bowl large bowl / small bowl large bowl / / / plate plate medium bowl small bowl small bowl large bowl cup / / / medium bowl / XXXV SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-58 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-59 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-6 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-60 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-61 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-62 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-63 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-64 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-65 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-66 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-67 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-68 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-69 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-7 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-70 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-71 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-72 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-73 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-74 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-75 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-76 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-77 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-78 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-79 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-8 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-80 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-81 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-82 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-83 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-84 rim rim rim decorated body-sherd rim rim base decorated body-sherd decorated body-sherd decorated body-sherd decorated body-sherd rim rim rim rim handle handle decorated body-sherd rim handle rim; decoration rim neck/shoulder rim rim decorated body-sherd handle decorated body-sherd rim rim rounded rounded and everted rounded / flat and everted rounded and everted rounded / / / / rounded and everted rounded rounded pointed and everted / / / rounded / rounded everted / rounded flat / / / rounded rounded open closed open / open closed / / / / / closed open open open / / / open / open open / open open / / / open open small bowl jar small bowl / large bowl jar / / / / / jar small bowl large bowl cup / / / small bowl / / basin pot small bowl large bowl / / / small bowl small bowl XXXVI SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-85 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-86 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-87 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-88 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-89 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-9 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-90 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-91 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-92 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-93 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-94 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-95 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-96 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-97 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-98 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-99 handle decorated body-sherd rim handle rim rim body-sherds base rim handle handle rim rim rim rim rim / / rounded / rounded pointed / / rounded / / rounded pointed pointed rounded rounded / / open / open open / / closed / / closed open open open open / / small bowl / small bowl large bowl / / jar / / jar small bowl cup large bowl small bowl XXXVII Ceramics Database: Remarks ID SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-1 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-10 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5100 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5101 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-11 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-12 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-13 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-14 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-15 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-16 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-17 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-18 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-19 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-2 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-20 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-21 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-22 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-23 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-24 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-25 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-26 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-27 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-28 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-29 Remarks / the external part is weathered / / / / / / / / / / / / / the rim is damaged and the diameter is not well visible / / / / / / / / XXXVIII SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-3 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-30 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-31 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-32 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-33 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-34 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-35 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-36 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-37 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-38 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-39 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-4 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-40 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-41 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-42 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-43 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-44 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-45 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-47 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-47 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-48 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-49 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-5 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-50 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-51 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-52 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-53 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-54 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-55 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-56 / decoration is at the base the two handle attachments decoration is on the external surface and handle attachment / broken handle of a large pot broken handle part of the neck of the jar / handle attachment / / / / / / / / handle attachment broken / / / / / / / scraped on the external surface / scraped on the external surface / XXXIX SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-57 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-58 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-59 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-6 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-60 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-61 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-62 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-63 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-64 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-65 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-66 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-67 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-68 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-69 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-7 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-70 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-71 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-72 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-73 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-74 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-75 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-76 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-77 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-78 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-79 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-8 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-80 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-81 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-82 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-83 handle attachment; circular section / / / / / / broken / / / / / / / / handle attachment handle attachment scraping on the internal surface / handle attachment / scraped on the external and internal surfaces / / / / handle attachment decoration is below and above the grip; small boss on the neck / XL SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-84 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-85 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-86 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-87 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-88 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-89 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-9 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-90 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-91 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-92 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-93 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-94 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-95 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-96 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-97 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-98 SEG.2010.S1.C1.SU5-99 / handle attachment / / / / damaged rim belonging to the same big vessel;black burnt residues; probably used for cooking / / handle attachment handle attachment / / / / / XLI ... that the thesis presented by Friyat Angesom entitled: The Study of Pottery Collections from the Settlement Site of Seglamen: 2010 Field Season submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of. .. total collections of the ceramics of the Seglamen project There are different pottery collections stored in the Archaeological Museum of Aksum which are taken from the settlement site of Seglamen. . .The Study of Pottery Collections from the Settlement Site of Seglamen: 2010 Field Season By: Friyat Angesom Advisor: Tekle Hagos (Ass.Professor) Co-Advisor: Luisa Sernicola(PhD) A Thesis