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An Introduction to GMDSS Presentation of textbook Published by Poseidon Education 1999 Autors: Jann M Olsen and Tor R Kristensen An Introduction to GMDSS Contents Preface .Page CHAPTER THE GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS AND SAFETY SYSTEM Page 11 1.1 Introduction .Page 11 1.2 Means of Communication - definitions Page 12 1.3 GNMSS system configuration .Page 13 1.4 GMDSS Implementation Schedule Page 14 1.5 GMDSS - functional requirements Page 14 1.6 GMDSS ships - radio watch Page 15 1.7 Basic equipment - minimum requirements .Page 16 1.8 Maintenance requirements for GMDSS equipment .Page 21 1.9 The GMDSS Master Plan .Page 21 1.10 EXERCISES - GMDSS Page 23 CHAPTER SHIP’s ANTENNAS Page 25 2.1 General Information Page 25 2.2 Radio waves .Page 26 2.3 Antenna length and resonance frequency Page 26 2.4 Radio wavelengths and frequencies Page 28 2.5 Unit of measurement: Hertz (Hz) .Page 28 2.6 Table of wavelengths .Page 30 2.7 Propagation of Radio Waves Page 31 2.8 VHF Page 32 2.9 MF .Page 33 2.10 HF Page 34 2.11 Inmarsat-A/B antennas Page 35 2.12 Inmarsat-C antennas .Page 36 2.13 Simplex transmission .Page 37 2.14 Duplex transmission Page 37 2.15 Antenna maintenance Page 37 2.16 EYERCISES -ANTENNAS Page 43 CHAPTER REGULATIONS AND TRAFFIC PROCEDURES Page 45 3.1 Ship's Radio Licenses Page 45 3.2 Radio Surveys and Radio Safety Certificates Page 45 3.3 Operation of the ship station - operator certificates Page 45 3.4 Observance of Secrecy Page 46 3.5 Priority for distress calls, distress messages and other messages concerning the safety of lives at sea Page 46 3.6 Unauthorized transmissions Page 46 3.7 Control and adjustment of radio transmitters .Page 46 3.8 Service documents Page 46 3.9 Radio log Page 47 3.10 Radio Telephony Communications - Calling Procedures Page 47 3.11 MF radio telephony (coast telephony) Page 51 3.12 The international distress and calling frequency 2182 kHz Page 51 3.13 General calling procedures Page 51 3.14 HF telephony Page 52 3.15 Traffic lists Page 53 Published by Poseidon Education 1999 Autors: Jann M Olsen and Tor R Kristensen An Introduction to GMDSS CHAPTER DISTRESS SIGNALS AND DISTRESS TRAFFIC Page 55 4.1 Introduction .Page 55 4.2 General regulations Page 55 4.3 The international distress and calling frequency 2182 kHz Page 56 4.4 Silence periods Page 56 4.5 The radiotelephony alarm signal Page 56 4.6 The distress signal - MAYDAY Page 57 4.7 The distress call .Page 57 4.8 The distress message .Page 57 4.9 Acknowledgement of receipt of a distress message Page 57 4.10 Distress traffic Page 58 4.11 Transmission of a distress message by a station not itself in distress Page 59 CHAPTER URGENCY TRANSMISSIONS Page 61 5.1 Urgency signal Page 61 CHAPTER SAFETY TRANSMISSIONS .Page 63 6.1 Safety signals and messages Page 63 6.2 Medical advice - MEDICO .Page 64 6.3 Exercises: Regulations and Traffic Procedures Page 65 6.4 Exercises - Distress, Urgency and Safety Traffic Page 65 CHAPTER DSC - DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALLING Page 67 7.1 Background Page 67 7.2 DSC Page 67 7.3 The Individual Elements of the DSC Call .Page 69 7.4 DSC routine call .Page 70 7.5 Selective calling numbers in GMDSS Page 70 7.6 EXERCISES - DSC Page 72 CHAPTER DSC PROCEDURES FOR VHF - MF AND HF Page 73 Introduction .Page 73 8.1 Distress .Page 73 8.2 Urgency Page 76 8.3 Safety Page 77 8.4 Public Correspondence Page 78 8.5 Testing the equipment used for distress and safety Page 80 8.6 Special conditions and procedures for DSC communication on HF Page 80 8.7 EXERCISES - DSC OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES Page 86 CHAPTER INMARSAT Page 87 9.1 Introduction .Page 87 9.2 A General Overview Page 88 9.3 The space segment Page 88 9.4 Coast Earth Stations (CES) Page 89 9.5 Network Co-ordinating Station (NCS) Page 90 9.6 Ship Earth Station (SES) Page 90 9.7 Inmarsat Mobile Number Page 91 9.8 Inmarsat Commissioning Page 92 9.9 Inmarsat system comparisons .Page 93 9.10 EXERCISES - INMARSAT Page 94 Published by Poseidon Education 1999 Autors: Jann M Olsen and Tor R Kristensen An Introduction to GMDSS CHAPTER 10 INMARSAT-A .Page 95 10.1 Communication services - Inmarsat-A Page 95 10.2 Inmarsat-A SES equipment Page 95 10.3 Antenna direction/tracking Page 98 10.4 The Ship's Plotted Position Page 98 10.5 The Ship's heading (Gyro course) Page 99 10.6 Azimuth angle Page 99 10.7 Elevation angle Page 99 10.8 Elevation angle map Page 100 10.9 Azimuth angle map Page 101 10.10 Distress Communication Page 102 10.11 Distress priority Page 102 10.12 How to send a Distress call by telex or telephone Page 102 10.13 Urgency and Safety priority Page 103 10.14 Making a telephone call .Page 104 10.15 Sending a telex Page 105 10.16 Making a fax or data call Page 105 10.17 Inmarsat Service Partners and Access Codes Page 106 10.18 EXERCISES - INMARSAT-A Page 110 CHAPTER 11 INMARSAT-C Page 111 11.1 Introduction Page 111 11.2 System operation Page 111 11.3 Inmarsat-C Equipment Page 112 11.4 The Inmarsat-C system .Page 112 11.5 Inmarsat Mobile Number (IMN)I Page 113 11.6 The Inmarsat-C Communication services Page 113 11.7 Accessing different networks using an Inmarsat-C SES Page 117 11.8 EXERCISES - INMARSAT-C Page 118 CHAPTER 12 INMARSAT-M/B Page 119 12.1 Introduction Page 119 12.2 Basic system architecture Page 119 12.3 System operation Page 119 12.4 Single and Multi-channel Inmarsat M and B SESs Page 121 12.5 Inmarsat M/B numbering scheme .Page 122 12.6.1 Sending a DISTRESS message by telex using an Inmarsat-B SES .Page 122 12.7.1 Making a telephone call Page 123 12.8 EXERCISES - INMARSAT-M/B .Page 124 CHAPTER 13 TELEX OVER RADIO Page 125 13.1 Background Page 125 13.2 The System Page 125 13.3 The Modem Page 126 13.4 Modulation Page 127 13.5 ARQ .Page 128 13.6 FEC Page 130 13.7 Maritex Page 131 13.8 EXERCISES Page 136 Published by Poseidon Education 1999 Autors: Jann M Olsen and Tor R Kristensen An Introduction to GMDSS CHAPTER 14 MARITIME SAFETY INFORMATION UNDER THE GMDSS Page 137 14.1 Background Page 137 14.2 The Navtex System .Page 137 14.3 Navareas Page 137 14.4 Navarea I .Page 137 14.5 Building up a Navtex Message Page 140 14.6 Examples of Navtex Messages Page 141 14.7 National Navtex service Page 142 14.8 The Navtex receiver Page 142 14.9 EGC - Enhanced Group Call Page 142 14.10 SafetyNET broadcast messages .Page 144 14.11 Availability of MSI in different NAVAREAS/METAREAS .Page 144 14.12 Reception of EGC messages - operating your EGC receiver .Page 148 14.13 EGC - message examples Page 151 14.14 High frequency (HF) MSI Page 153 14.15 EXERCISES - NAVTEX, EGC Page 157 CHAPTER 15 EMERGENCY RADIO BEACONS Page 159 15.1 General Information .Page 159 15.2 Different types of radio beacons Page 159 15.3 Basic Concepts of the COSPAS/SARSAT System Page 160 15.4 Facts about COSPAS/SARSAT as of December 1997 Page 164 15.5 The COSPAS/SARSAT Beacon Page 164 15.6 VHF emergency beacons for manual activation .Page 168 15.7 The Inmarsat-E EPIRB Page 168 15.8 VHF Emergency Beacon (VHF beacon) Page 169 CHAPTER 16 SART - SEARCH AND RESCUE TRANSPONDERS - PORTABLE VHF TRANSCEIVERS Page 171 16.1 Background Page 171 16.2 Range performance .Page 171 16.3 Categories of SART Page 171 16.4 Test procedure .Page 172 16.5 Specifications .Page 172 16.6 Labels and marking .Page 172 16.7 Portable VHF Transceivers Page 174 16.8 VHF Emergency Communication Sets Page 175 16.9 EXERCISES - EPIRB, SART, PORTABLE VHF TRANSCEIVERS .Page 176 CHAPTER 17 POWER SUPPLIES Page 177 17.1 Radio batteries .Page 177 17.2 Lead batteries .Page 177 17.3 Ni-Fe batteries Page 179 17.4 Ni-Cd batteries .Page 179 17.5 UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) Page 180 17.6 Capacity requirements Page 181 17.7 EXERCISES - POWER SUPPLIES .Page 183 Published by Poseidon Education 1999 Autors: Jann M Olsen and Tor R Kristensen An Introduction to GMDSS CHAPTER 18 MARITIME MOBILE TRAFFIC CHARGES Page 185 18.1 Radio telephone calls Page 185 18.2 Charges for radio telephone calls .Page 185 18.3 Radiotelegrams Page 186 18.4 Keeping a Radio Log Page 188 18.5 Radio telex on the MF and HF bands .Page 188 18.6 Telephone and telex via Inmarsat-A/B .Page 189 18.7 Inmarsat-C Charges .Page 191 18.8 EXERCISES - CHARGES Page 195 CHAPTER 19 FALSE ALERTS IN THE GMDSS Page 197 19.1 General Information .Page 197 19.2 SAT-C .Page 197 19.3 EPIRB Page 198 19.4 DSC Page 198 19.5 Guidelines for avoiding false distress alerts .Page 199 19.6 Instructions for mariners and others for cancelling a false distress alert .Page 203 19.7 EXERCISES - FALSE ALERTS IN THE GMDSS Page 204 CHAPTER 20 THE ROLE OF THE RCC IN THE GMDSS Page 205 20.1 THE 1974 SOLAS CONVENTION .Page 205 20.2 THE GMDSS SYSTEM Page 205 20.3 RCC's - MRCC's - SAR CO-ORDINATION .Page 206 20.4 Action by the first RCC on receipt of distress alert Page 208 20.5 A genuine rescue operation Page 208 20.6 RCC/MRCC in the Nordic countries Page 210 20.7 EXERCISES - THE ROLE OF THE RCC IN THE GMDSS Page 212 APPENDIX Page 213 Elementary Fault Localisation and Repairs .Page 213 APPENDIX Page 215 ITU Publications - Admiralty List of Radio Signals Page 215 APPENDIX Page 220 ABBREVIATIONS Page 220 APPENDIX Page 222 Overview of GMDSS frequencies .Page 222 REFERENCES Page 224 Published by Poseidon Education 1999 Autors: Jann M Olsen and Tor R Kristensen An Introduction to GMDSS Preface General Information Work on the development of a new global system for distress and safety communications was initiated ten years ago by IMO, the International Maritime Organization The reasons for developing a new system were, amongst other things: a) The inadequacy of existing distress and safety systems b) Modem technology was already being used to increase the efficiency of commercial traffic, while distress and safety communications were still using old technology and old-fashioned systems The subsequent process of development resulted in the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), which the shipping industry was able to put into use on February 1, 1992 Objectives The purpose of this book is to provide a theoretical description of, and thereby knowledge about, the basic features of the Maritime Mobile Services and the Maritime Mobile Satellite Services The object is also to meet the requirements made in the "Examination Syllabus for General Operator's Certificate (GOC)" issued by the CEPT RR Project Team, which provides a detailed overview of the theoretical skills which must be attained by students during a GNMSS/GOC training course The book provides an introduction to each individual system used on board vessels equipped in accordance with GMDSS requirements Furthermore, it seeks to point out to users of GMDSS equipment the vital importance of understanding the limitations and possibilities of the different systems with regard to range and coverage You will not find all the answers in "An Introduction to GMDSS", but using the book together with equipment manuals and ITU publications should enable you to deal with most of the problems that will arise during a GMDSS course Intended Audience This book is intended for a wide range of readers interested in maritime radio communications, such as: o Navigators and radio officers requiring the certification provided by an additional GMDSS course o Students finishing off a navigational education with a GMDSS training course o GMDSS instructors at navigational colleges and training centres The book is also intended to be used as a teaching aid at GMDSS training centres and navigational academies We have sought to build up the contents of this book by following a natural progression involving separate chapters concluded by relevant exercises which allow students to check up on the most important points of the subjects dealt with in each chapter Published by Poseidon Education 1999 Autors: Jann M Olsen and Tor R Kristensen Introducción al SMSSM Published by Poseidon Education 1999 Lærebok for GMDSS/GOC Utgitt av Poseidon Education 1999 Forfattere: Jann M Olsen og Tor R Kristensen An Introduction to GMDSS The book is suitable for self-tuition and should be read prior to taking a GMDSS training course In our experience, preliminary studies will substantially increase understanding of the various GMDSS systems, thereby increasing the benefit of the GMDSS course Acknowledgements We would like to thank the International Maritime Organization, Inmarsat, and the COSPAS/Sarsat Secretariat for their kind permission to reproduce several of their illustrations in this book We also wish to thank the producers of GMDSS equipment for allowing the use and reproduction of illustrations used in their brochures and data sheets Finally, readers are invited to provide us with feedback regarding the contents of this book in order that we might achieve the best possible GMDSS system description July 1999 Jann Meyer Olsen Published by Poseidon Education 1999 Tor R Kristensen Autors: Jann M Olsen and Tor R Kristensen General Operator’s Certificate - Student’s Workbook Presentation of workbook Published by Poseidon Education 2003 Autors: Jann M Olsen and Tor R Kristensen General Operator’s Certificate - Student’s Workbook Contents HF/MFNHF TELEPHONY EXERCISES Page SHORT WAVE - HF Page MEDIUM WAVE - MF Pace VHF Page DIFFERENT TELEPHONY BANDS Page INTERNAL TEST PROGRAMME FOR THE SCANTI TRP 8400 TRANSMITTER Page TROUBLE SHOOTING Page DSC EXERCISES Page 10 SEARCH AND RESCUE (SAR) EXAMPLE NO Page 16 SEARCH AND RESCUE (SAR) EXAMPLE NO Page 22 SAR-EXERCISE NO Page 29 SAR-EXERCISE NO Page 34 SAR-EXERCISE NO Page 39 INMARSAT-A EXERCISES Page 42 INMARSAT-B EXERCISES Page 49 INMARSAT-C EXERCISES Page 55 MES to Subscriber Page 55 NAVTEX EXERCISES Page 63 EPIRB EXERCISES Page 65 THE COSPAS-SARSAT EPIRB Page 65 THE INMARSAT EPIRB Page 65 THE SEARCH AND RESCUE TRANSPONDER (SART) Page 66 TELEX SPECIAL KEYS Page 67 THE ANSWERBACK CODE Page 67 EXAMPLE OF A TELEX MESSAGE Page 68 SERVICE CODES Page 68 SOME ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TELEX SERVICE Page 68 SPECIAL ABBREVIATIONS USED IN RADIO TELEX Page 69 SOME ABBREVIATIONS USED BY COAST STATIONS Page 70 RADIOTELEX VIA THE MARITEX SYSTEM Page 71 EDITING A RADIOTELEGRAM Page 74 EDITING A TELEX MESSAGE Page 75 RADIOTELEX EXERCISES Page 76 MARITEX SYSTEM Page 76 APPENDIXES Page 84 Published by Poseidon Education 2003 Autors: Jann M Olsen and Tor R Kristensen General Operator’s Certificate - Student’s Workbook Dear Student! The following pages will provide you with an overview of the basic knowledge you will be working to attain over the next few weeks It may look overwhelming at first, but for your comfort, you're not the first one to think so However, those who make a concentrated effort usually get there in the end You will not find all the answers in "An Introduction to GMDSS", but the book will help you to understand the structure and limitations of the various GMDSS systems By using "An Introduction to GMDSS" together with equipment manuals and ITU publications, you should be able to deal with most of the problems that will arise during the GMDSS course However: .Do not be afraid to ask questions The teacher is there to help you - so keep him on his toes! Now, take a good, deep breath and get stuck into it! Good Luck! Jann M Olsen Tor R Kristensen Published by Poseidon Education 2003 Autors: Jann M Olsen and Tor R Kristensen General Operator’s Certificate - Instructor’s Guide Cover Page Published by Poseidon Education 1997 ... navigational education with a GMDSS training course o GMDSS instructors at navigational colleges and training centres The book is also intended to be used as a teaching aid at GMDSS training centres... for GMDSS/ GOC Utgitt av Poseidon Education 1999 Forfattere: Jann M Olsen og Tor R Kristensen An Introduction to GMDSS The book is suitable for self-tuition and should be read prior to taking a GMDSS. .. answers in "An Introduction to GMDSS" , but the book will help you to understand the structure and limitations of the various GMDSS systems By using "An Introduction to GMDSS" together with equipment