English For Starter 11 girls SB

Students’ Book ‫ﻡ‬٢٠١٥-٢٠١٤ Vocational Stream Girls’ Grade 11 Students’ Book ‫م‬2015 - 2014 ‫المؤسسة العامة للطباعة‬ 322 Old Brompton Road, London SW5 9JH, England Maktabat El Nashr El Tarbawi El Souri (Syrian Educational Publishers) Omar El Mukhtar 2nd Str., Bldg El Mazraa, Damascus-Syria Phone: (011) 44676789 Fax: (011) 44676788 e-mail: info@syrianep.com www.syrianep.com Reprinted 2014 © York Press 2010 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers Contents Unit Title Page Sewing Machines Threads 10 Fabrics 14 Textiles 18 Culture and Values Celebrations 22 Tailor’s Tools 23 Upper and Lower Part Sketches 27 Making Clothes (1) 31 Making Clothes (2) 35 Culture and Values Humans and the Universe 39 Textile Manufacturing 40 10 Fibres 44 11 Knitting and Weaving 48 12 Embroidery and Tricot 52 Culture and Values Geniuses and Scientists 56 Review 57 Scope and Sequence UNIT LANGUAGE NEW SKILLS sewing skills Sewing Machines (pp 6-9) Language Functions: listing characteristics Vocabulary: sewing tools Grammar: questions with or without Threads (pp 10-13) Language Functions: listing qualities Vocabulary: terms related to qualities of threads Grammar: order of adjectives matching thread and fabric types Fabrics (pp 14-17) Language Functions: giving advice; giving an opinion; listing; giving examples Vocabulary: types of fabrics; word formation Grammar: simple past tense how to dye fabric; distinguishing between natural and artificial dyes UNIT Textiles (pp 18-21) LANGUAGE Language Functions: giving opinion; reporting Vocabulary: terms related to characteristics of textiles; types of textiles Grammar: reported speech NEW SKILLS distinguishing between public and private sectors in the textile industry; identifying types of textiles Tailor’s Tools (pp 23-26) Language Functions: describing objects; giving examples Vocabulary: tailor’s tools Grammar: conditional clauses type identifying the usage of different types of scissors; developing dictionary skills Upper and Lower Part Sketches (pp 27-30) Language Functions: describing a process; asking and answering questions Vocabulary: terms related to different outfits Grammar: forming comparative and superlative adjectives classifying items under the correct heading UNIT LANGUAGE NEW SKILLS Making Clothes (1) (pp 31-34) Language Functions: giving opinion; listing clothing items Vocabulary: terms related to clothes Grammar: present perfect tense distinguishing between baby clothes and teenager clothes Making Clothes (2) (pp 35-38) Language Functions: giving opinion; talking about preferences; giving explanations; talking about responsibilities Vocabulary: tools for measuring cloth Grammar: present perfect vs simple past identifying tools for measuring cloth; conducting online research Textile Manufacturing (pp 40-43) drawing a flow chart; Language Functions: describing a process; drawing a map giving opinion; giving explanations Vocabulary: terms related to textile manufacturing Grammar: past perfect vs simple past UNIT LANGUAGE NEW SKILLS 10 Fibres (pp 44-47) Language Functions: giving opinion; describing abilities Vocabulary: fabric properties Grammar: past tenses in reported speech rewriting sentences; putting sentences in the correct order; completing a chart 11 Knitting and Weaving (pp 48-51) Language Functions: giving opinion; defining key reading tables; writing a summary; conducting online words Vocabulary: terms related to knitting and weaving research Grammar: gerunds and infinitives drawing a timeline Language Functions: giving opinion; asking for additional information Vocabulary: terms related to embroidery and tricot Grammar: the passive 12 Embroidery and Tricot (pp 52-55) Sewing Machines A Dialogue Read the dialogue and answer the questions Instructor: Samira, please check that you have the correct tools with you when you want to sew a dress or a skirt Samira: OK Could you list them for me, please? Instructor: You’ll need a needle, a thimble, a tack thread and some solid thin pins Samira: Should I use any special kind of thread? Instructor: Sure The tack thread ought to be made of smooth light-coloured cotton Samira: How can I prevent silk and light-coloured clothes from slipping? Instructor: You can use solid thin pins to fasten them Samira: OK, thank you, sir I’ll note down everything you have just told me Instructor: That’s a good idea Questions What the words in bold refer to? What we use to fasten silk clothes? Do we use dark-coloured tack threads or light-coloured ones? Correct the following statements so that they are true a The tack thread must be made of wool b We use pins to fasten woollen clothes Sewing Machines B List Listening Listen and complete the text A sewing machine is an obvious requirement for a (1) _ (2) _ Sewing machines are of different kinds The most important kinds are: • Machines which sew (3) _ with a straight stitch although this may be forward or (4) _ • Machines with a sewing needle which makes a (5) _ stitch • Machines with a sewing needle which can also sew (6) _ patterns The (7) _ (8) _ machine has a special zipper (9) _ which enables the operator to get up close to the zipper (10) _ The zigzag stitch machine saves a great deal of time in making edges and may also be used for attaching (11) _ and making (12) _ C Vocabulary Match the following words with a suitable picture button box dress form clothes rack cutting table hand-iron press sewing machine steam iron tape measure Use the terms in exercise to complete the following sentences The ideal should be flat and wide enough to lay out a 45−inch wide piece of fabric You could iron your clothes either with a or a Could you please hang your coat on the ? The first dates back to the 1700s The is one of the most common tools that is used to ascertain the size and proportion of clothes Put the away after you close the and put it there D Grammar Study the table and then choose (a) or (b) for the grammar rule below Questions Wh- WORD / does SUBJECT VERB (+ COMPLEMENT) What does Who does Huda She Who Mounira Huda She Who TST do? works as a secretary works for an insurance company? does work for? works for TST sells the best stationery? does A rule about the present simple tense We (a) need (b) don’t need / does when the wh- word is the subject Complete these questions using the given verb as below Examples Who - in a bank? (work) Where - Shereen? (work) Who works in a bank? Where does Shereen work? What - the level of poverty - in India? (reduce) Who - the tax laws - for the government? (administer) Which employer - Khalid? (work for) Who - Ahmed? (like) How - balance of payments - Syrians? (affect) What - Mounira’s employer? (sell) 12 Embroidery and Tricot A Dialogue Read the dialogue and answer the questions Teacher: Student: Teacher: Student: The art of embroidery is old but still popular today It’s fun to create luxurious handmade articles by knowing how to make a few simple embroidery stitches using a needle and thread You can make guest towels, pillow slips, aprons, washcloths and many other gift items Excuse me Could you please tell us which are the best materials to use? All heavy-dark material is good, but linen is the best As for thread, you may wish to embroider with metallic thread, nylon or rayon threads or pearl cotton, as well as regular embroidery floss which comes in a range of colours Best of all, use white or gold embroidery thread Thank you That’s very helpful Questions What type(s) of fabric could be used for embroidery projects? What type(s) of thread could be used for embroidery projects? What expression is used in the dialogue to ask for additional information? In your opinion, why is embroidery still a popular art today? 52 Embroidery and Tricot B List Listening Listen to Mrs Huda teaching her students how to make a chain stitch Put the steps in the correct order Bring the needle out a short distance away from the loop Pass the needle and thread through the first loop Pass the needle and thread up through the fabric Put the needle in again at the same point This forms a loop of thread Pull the thread tight to complete the stitch C Vocabulary Fill in the blanks with words from the box diamond-shaped lines motif freehand patterns geometric patterns pattern shapes zigzags Embroidery can take a very long time to by hand Most embroidery is done with the help of a (1) You can make many kinds of patterns by repeating (2) We call this a repeating pattern because we repeat the same (3) many times (4) look very complicated but they are very easy to make Sometimes, they are easier than (5) For example, drawing slanting (6) and (7) on graph paper can give you various simple (8) patterns D Grammar The Passive The active form The passive form Companies export potatoes Potatoes are exported Farmers grow rice in the fields Rice is grown in the fields If we want to talk about the doers (farmers and companies), the active form is better If we want to talk about the crops (potatoes and rice), the passive form is better The passive is formed with be + past participle 53 Decide whether the sentences are written in the active or passive form They have been used since people first began to knit You can locate a retail source under “Yarns” or “Crafts” in your local telephone directory Silk and other fibres have been commonly used in the manufacture of various banknote papers Knitting stitch patterns, or combinations of knitting stitches, are a wonderful way to expand your knitting skills The main shopping season has ended All knitting that uses stitch patterns is considered to be stitch pattern Reversible stitch patterns look identical on both sides, or sometimes one side is the opposite of the other Rewrite the passive sentences from exercise in the active form Rewrite the active sentences from exercise in the passive form Work in pairs Write sentences about your partner in the passive form Work in pairs Write sentences about your partner in the active form 54 Embroidery and Tricot E Reading Read and answer the questions The History of Embroidery Embroidery is the art of decorating fabric or other materials by stitching designs with a needle using thread or yarn Often, other materials such as metal strips, precious or semiprecious stones and sequins are used to add to this decorative stitching technique Hand embroidery involves stitching embroidery designs by hand onto the fabric Although this process is time-consuming, it produces amazing results The use of embroidery to decorate clothes has been around since man began to wear clothes This journey began when primitive man discovered that he could use thread to join pieces of fur to make clothes As a natural progression, he then discovered that the same thread could be used to make decorative patterns on the clothes He also used colourful beads, stones and bones to add to these decorations In the 1800s, Joshua Heilmann worked on improving the design of the hand-embroidery machine This revolutionised the embroidery industry and began a chain of events leading to the development of sewing machines in the 1860s and then to the invention of hand-powered embroidery looms in the 1870s Today, computers have added another twist to this sewing technique, making the process of mass-producing embroidered designs easier Nowadays, you can find machines on the market which can embroider designs for you Specially designed machines can even read a computerised design and stitch it for you Questions What the words in bold mean? What did primitive man use in his embroidery projects? What we use today in embroidery? Draw a timeline that summarises the history of embroidery 55 Culture and Values Geniuses and Scientists Read the following text and answer the questions The Network of Syrian Scientists, Technologists and Innovators Abroad (NOSSTIA) is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) committed to supporting Syria’s public and private sectors in promoting advanced knowledge, processes and techniques in a variety of scientific fields NOSSTIA’s mission is to offer Syrian expatriates the means and support to establish cooperation initiatives and to work on projects and services that could be of great benefit to Syria Its members have distinguished leadership skills The main role of the network is to build bridges between Syrian experts living abroad and their motherland, Syria It also facilitates communication and knowledge exchange in order to contribute towards the economic, human and technical development of the country NOSSTIA has defined a framework for action in order to meet its objectives, which is to be considered as the cornerstone of any future proposals and initiatives provided by its members NOSSTIA emerged after a group of Syrian expatriates specialising in a variety of fields from around the world convened in Damascus, the capital of Syria, in June 2001 The conference attendees came out with a charter for the network, outlining its objectives and policies NOSSTIA has also organised and participated in several specialised conferences and seminars in Syria, and continues, through its office in Damascus and its active expatriate members, to be engaged in a variety of high-profile projects Questions Define NOSSTIA in your own words Research the projects that NOSSTIA has worked on or will be working on in the future and report to your classmates Are there any other organisations in Syria similar to NOSSTIA? Find one and write about it 56 Review (Units 1-3) A Put the correct word in the right place furs vines bone seamstresses thorns sinew twist strips History of Thread During the last Ice Age, some 20,000 years ago, people used (1) of leather or animal (2) and (3) needle to sew together (4) and skins Tribal people used fibres from various (5) and cacti for threads, and (6) for needles; eventually (7) of the ancient world learned to (8) together fine silks and wools to make thread B C Construct a well-organised paragraph with the following words in the space provided below needle thimble tack thread solid thin pins cutting table tape measure hand-iron clothes rack Match the words with their definitions a Cotton/cotton-polyester b Silk threads c Rayon d Syrian cotton e Invisible or nylon thread f Wool and acrylic threads are used for special effects or embellishments is used for machine embroidery are used for their gorgeous sheen cannot be detected easily is often used for hand embroidery is strong, durable and easy to work with D Complete these questions using the given verbs in parentheses Who - beautiful dresses? (sew) Where - Nadine? (work) What kind - of textiles - Noura? (use) Who - the sewing factory? (manage) Which - thread - the best for sewing a silk dress? (be) How - Nadine’s employer - the factory? (run) Who - the best - on the catwalk? (walk) E Choose the correct answer I bought a pair of (pink cotton / cotton pink) gloves I have a (new brown / brown new) sewing machine My brother liked the (pointed blue / blue pointed) sweater It’s a (soft delightful / delightful soft) piece of fabric I’ll buy (two Syrian / Syrian two) teacups 57 F What would you ask? Make questions with Did ? You applied for a job yesterday I bought a beautiful wedding gown two weeks ago We received our favourite sewing machine as a gift last week My father tried to sew a special wedding suit for the bridegroom three weeks ago The janitor cleaned the factory thoroughly last Thursday G Read the text and say whether each statement is “true” or “false” Correct the false statements Sericulture Sericulture involves the incubation of the tiny eggs of the silkworm moth until they hatch and become worms After hatching, the worms are placed under a layer of gauze, on which is spread a layer of finely chopped mulberry leaves For six weeks, the worms eat almost continuously At the end of this period, they are ready to spin their cocoons, and branches of trees or shrubs are placed in their rearing houses The worms climb these branches and make their cocoons in one continuous thread, taking about eight days for the process The amount of usable silk in each cocoon is small, and about 5500 silkworms are expected to produce 1kg of raw silk After the complete cocoons have been gathered, the initial step in silk manufacture is to kill the insects inside them Thus, the cocoons are first boiled or treated in ovens, killing the insects by heat The silk fibre is obtained from the cocoons by a delicate process known as reeling, or filature The cocoons are first heated in boiling water to dissolve the gummy substance that holds the cocoon filament in place After this heating, the filaments from four to eight cocoons are joined and twisted and are then combined with a number of other similarly twisted filaments to make a thread that is wound on a reel Sericulture is the raising of worms for silk production Silkworms eat mulberry leaves almost continuously for six weeks Each cocoon is composed of one continuous thread A silkworm weaves its cocoon in five days The silkworm is killed inside the cocoon by heat Cold water is used to clean the gummy substance that holds the cocoon filament in place About 5000 silkworms are required to produce 1kg of raw silk Many filaments are joined and twisted to make a thread 58 Review (Units 4-6) A Reconstruct the text on p.21 by using the words in the box textile industries economy export cotton source employment contribute revenue public and private sectors surpass B Match the following statements to Eid Al-Fitr or Chinese New Year Sometimes more than one festival is possible It celebrates the end of Ramadan It isn’t always on the same date because it follows the Hijri calendar It is celebrated for 15 days It is celebrated in spring It is a time when Muslims think about the poor and help them, and a time for forgetting old arguments People decorate their houses with red decorations because red signifies good luck C Identify whether each item is a colour, pattern, men’s wear or women’s wear suit 11 beige tie 12 trousers waistcoat 13 tights striped 14 turquoise checked 15 pyjamas tan 16 dress patterned 17 nightdress purple 18 dressing gown skirt 19 stockings 10 spotted 20 grey colour pattern men’s wear women’s wear 59 D Change the sentences from the direct to the indirect form The tailor said, “I will finish your dress tomorrow.” Cathy said to Jane, “I’m glad you came to my party.” Jane said, “I am attending sewing school The teacher is teaching us how to sew skirts and trousers.” The instructor said, “You will need big and small scissors and serrated scissors.” E Change the sentences from the indirect to the direct form Add the necessary words Salwa said that she was sewing a beautiful dress for herself The tailor said that all patterns of garments covering the bust should be purchased by bust measure The woman told the tailor that it was difficult to select and use patterns Jane told Cathy that she had used cotton to make her blouse and linen for her trousers F Put the adjectives in parentheses in the correct comparative or superlative form Add the necessary words Rana is (intelligent) girl in the class Salwa is (talented) her classmates Diamond is (precious) ruby Sam’s speech was (interesting) mine My cousin lives in (noisy) street in the city This shopkeeper is (dishonest) one in the street Of all trousers, Ida’s is (good) G Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form If Jane (come) , Cathy (go) with her to the sewing school If the girls (follow) the instructions properly, they (sew) marvellous dresses If Alice (play) the piano, her friend (sing) Nadine’s parents (be) angry if she (leave) school now I (pay) the tailor well if he (design) an outstanding dress The seamstresses (be) more experienced if they (sew) more dresses If the tailor (take) your measurements correctly, he (prepare) a decent and an attractive nightgown The instructor (tell) the girls the secret of a successful dress if they (promise) not to tell anyone 60 Review (Units 7-9) A Match each explanation of the uses of cotton with one of the given words in the box fabric explosive oil paper Cotton seeds are made into margarine and oils used in cooking and salad dressings High-quality papers, including US dollar bills, are partly made from cotton If cotton is covered with acid mixture, it explodes when it dries This material, called guncotton, is similar to gun powder Cotton is used to make fabric including towels The material absorbs water well B Match the following colours to their meanings: red, green, orange, brown, purple, yellow and blue It means power and energy and suggests a bold, competitive go-getting attitude In the Far East, the colour also symbolises good luck It is the world’s favourite corporate colour and evokes coolness, calmness and authority It also denotes intellect, trustworthiness and dependability, which is why it is favourite with sectors such as banking and insurance It has been the colour of leadership and luxury since the Roman Empire, when only the imperial family were allowed to wear it It suggests solidity, neutrality and straightforwardness It is the colour of money, nature and, in many cultures, jealousy It now generally stands for something quite specific and often very political Being bold, bright and lively, it catches the eye It’s young, fresh, energetic and dynamic It is a youthful and fun colour Many countries’ business telephone directories are of this colour C Fill in the blanks with the simple past or the present perfect tense Anna (go) to a party at Sally’s apartment last Saturday night Youssef (arrive) here three days ago Bill (be) here since the 22nd Try not to be absent from the class for the rest of the term You (miss, already) too many classes You (miss) two classes just last week Last January, I (see) snow for the first time in my life I (know) Amal for ten years Up to now, Professor Williams (give) our class five tests Since classes began, I (have, not) much free time I (have) several big tests to study for The telephone (ring) four times in the last hour, and each time it has been for my roommate 10 Welcome to our school (meet, you, ever) Professor Higgins? 61 D Ask questions with the following phrases The first one is done for you Drive a truck: Have you ever driven a truck? Break a window: Catch a butterfly: Sleep in a tent: Hold a snake: E Fill in the blanks with the simple past or the past perfect tense My parents (eat, already) by the time I (get) home The thief simply walked in Someone (forget) to lock the door Sam (leave, already) when we (get) there After the guests (leave) , I (go) to bed Class (begin, already) by the time I (get) there, so I (take, quietly) a seat in the back F Put the adverbs in parentheses in their right place (never) Eric has seen snow (often) Ted studies at the library in the evening (already) Fred has finished studying for tomorrow’s test (seldom) Jack is at home (always) You should tell the truth G 62 Complete the sentences with an appropriate time expression Today is I bought this book ago I have had this book since I have had this book for Today is I moved to this city ago I have been in this city since I have been here for Review (Units 10-12) A Match the following words with their definitions a expatriate carry out, perform b initiate make easier c implement the process of wearing something away d facilitate lightness e cornerstone a person who lives outside his native country f abrasion the action of absorbing and continuing to hold a substance g absorbent unable to be heard h buoyancy cause to begin i retention thrust or force out j inaudible 10 cross intricately together, interweave k extrude 11 able to soak up liquid easily l interlace 12 an important quality on which a particular thing is based B Choose four words from exercise A and construct meaningful sentences C Change the following sentences from the direct to the indirect form Noura said to Youssef, “I have met your sister.” The instructor said, “I am going to postpone the examination.” Sally said, “My uncle has been in the hospital for ten days.” The politician said, “I’ll come to the meeting, but I can’t stay for more than an hour.” The mother said to her daughter, “Every obstacle is a stepping stone to success You should view problems in your life as opportunities to prove yourself.” D Decide whether the sentences are written in the direct or the reported form Punctuate the direct speeches Ali said that his father was a businessman and that his mother was an engineer Nisrine said I’m excited about my new job I’ve found a nice apartment Our English teacher said I expect you to be in class every day Unexcused absences may affect your grade Mother said that weaving rugs was difficult in the past The merchant said everybody knows Syrian cotton wear is famous for its quality 63 E Decide whether the sentences are written in the active or the passive form Change the active to passive form and the passive to active form Two girls were weaving an exquisite rug The manager hasn’t signed those papers yet Language skills are taught in every school in the country That sweater was knitted by my mother Paper, the main writing material today, was invented by the Chinese Amal had returned the book about weaving to the library The artisans will be employed on the basis of their originality A local weaving company has offered Maria a good job Customers are served by salesmen and saleswomen 10 The government is going to build the new hospital next year It has already built the elementary school in the village F Write two sentences in the active form about shorts for cycling G Study the table, then fill in the blanks with the right form of the verb Verbs followed by gerunds Verbs followed by infinitives admit, advise, avoid, delay, discuss, enjoy, finish, mind, miss, quit, regret, suggest, tolerate, keep, like afford, agree, ask, decide, deserve, fail, hope, learn, need, plan, refuse, struggle, volunteer, wait, want Dareen volunteered (bring) some food to the reception The horse struggled (pull) the wagon out of the mud My skin can’t tolerate (be) in the sun all day long I get sunburned easily Janet admitted (be) responsible for breaking the weaving machine My mother enjoys (weave) H 64 Complete the following sentences I enjoy We wanted I can’t afford He refused We plan I discussed He avoided They regretted They needed 10 We deserve English for Starters, Vocational Stream – Girls’ English for Starters, Vocational Stream – Girls’, is an English language course that was specially written for vocational / girls’ secondary schools in Syria The course progresses from an intermediate level of English in Grade 10 to an advanced level of English in Grade 12 The book introduces students to concepts in practical girls’ skills; it assumes no prior knowledge of these skills on the part of students and teachers The course aims to review and consolidate the language and skills learnt at previous levels and equip students for their future foreign language needs in the following areas: language skills (reading, listening, speaking and writing), grammar, vocabulary and practical girls’ skills It enables students to perform routine tasks at work and to take part in social interaction Components: Students’ Book Activity Book including a glossary Teacher’s Book Audio CD ‫ﺱ‬.‫ ﻝ‬١١٥ :‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ‬