Students’ Book ﻡ٢٠١٤¥٢٠١٣ Vocational Stream Commercial Grade 11 Students’ Book م2015 - 2014 المؤسسة العامة للطباعة حقوق التوزيع في اجلمهورية العربية السورية محفوظة للمؤسسة العامة للطباعة 322 Old Brompton Road, London SW5 9JH, England Maktabat El Nashr El Tarbawi El Souri (Syrian Educational Publishers) Omar El Mukhtar 2nd Str., Bldg El Mazraa, Damascus-Syria Phone: (011) 44676789 Fax: (011) 44676788 e-mail: info@syrianep.com www.syrianep.com Reprinted 2014 © York Press 2010 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers Contents Unit Title Page Economic Concepts Buying and Selling 11 Incomes and Salaries 16 Meetings 21 Culture and Values Celebrations 26 Economic Issues 27 Work in the Future 32 The Internet 37 Communication 42 Culture and Values Humans and the Universe 47 Supply and Demand 48 10 Business Online 53 11 Financial Markets and Banknotes 58 12 Aspects of Stocks 63 Culture and Values Geniuses and Scientists 68 Review 69 Correspondence 77 Scope and Sequence UNIT Economic Concepts (pp 6–10) Buying and Selling (pp 11–15) Incomes and Salaries (pp 16–20) UNIT Meetings (pp 21–25) LANGUAGE Language Functions: chairing a meeting; making assumptions; talking about intentions Vocabulary: reporting verbs Grammar: reported speech Economic Issues (pp 27–31) Language Functions: talking about taxes Vocabulary: more economic terms Grammar: conditional clauses type Language Functions: comparing and contrasting; making predictions; giving opinion Vocabulary: work idioms Grammar: superlative form of adjectives Work in the Future (pp 32–36 ) LANGUAGE Language Functions: defining; giving facts vs giving advice; giving opinion Vocabulary: economic terms; linking words Grammar: questions with / without does Language Functions: taking orders by phone; helping customers in a shop Vocabulary: words related to sales Grammar: order of adjectives Language Functions: giving opinion; comparing Vocabulary: money idioms; phrases related to money Grammar: simple past questions NEW SKILLS filling a table; identifying company hierarchy percentages and discounts; performing a roleplay using money idioms; summarising NEW SKILLS writing an agenda; finding errors in a story; identifying a secretary’s duties; writing minutes of a meeting preparing a press brief listening and taking notes; discussing probability Scope and Sequence UNIT The Internet (pp 37-41) Communication (pp 42-46) Supply and Demand (pp 48-52) UNIT 10 Business Online (pp 53-57) LANGUAGE Language Functions: discussing a website; describing items on an Internet page; describing a process Vocabulary: terms related to buying online and the Internet Grammar: adverbs used with present perfect Language Functions: defining a good communicator; showing keenness; giving details Vocabulary: -ing vs -ed adjectives Grammar: present perfect vs simple past tense Language Functions: agreeing on a price; talking about preferences Vocabulary: prepositions Grammar: past perfect LANGUAGE Language Functions: giving opinion about online shopping; identifying different functions Vocabulary: business online terms Grammar: past tenses in reported speech 11 Financial Markets Language Functions: giving opinion through reasons; justifying answers and Banknotes Vocabulary: idioms (pp 58-62) Grammar: gerunds and infinitives 12 Aspects of Stocks Language Functions: giving explanations (pp 63-67) Vocabulary: terms related to the stock market Grammar: the passive NEW SKILLS writing email and web addresses; labelling a picture; rewriting contracted forms; conducting online research; summarising drawing a timeline identifying duties of a salesman; performing a roleplay; conducting online research NEW SKILLS reporting phone calls discussing counterfeiting identifying opposites; arranging information in order; conducting online research and presenting the information Economic Concepts A Dialogue Read the dialogue and answer the questions Bashir Haddad is visiting Southampton Container Terminal in England Port official: What’s your interest in the port, if I may ask? Bashir: I am an economics student and I am doing a project on how container ports could affect the economy so I need some up-to-date information This is a private port, isn’t it? Port official: Yes British ports used to be state assets, but they were then privatised Bashir: In your opinion, what is the reason for Southampton’s success as a container port? And how does it affect the economy? Port official: Southampton port plays a vital role in the economy for several reasons First, it’s close to important markets Next, the motorway is only 2.4 kilometres away from the gate of the terminal Finally, double tides also have an important influence Bashir: Sorry? What you mean by ‘double tides’? Port official: Because of its unusual position, Southampton gets four high tides a day instead of two So, there are four times a day when the largest vessels can enter or leave the port Bashir: Thank you Port official: You’re welcome Questions Is Bashir collecting facts or advising the port official at Southampton? Which reasons for Southampton’s success are mentioned? Before the port at Southampton was privatised, it was by the state a bought b owned c leased d sold If there are four tides a day, the sea level a remains high all day b rises and falls more often than in other ports c is at low tide, d gets two high times a day tides in 24 hours Economic Concepts B Listening Listen to the definition of the word ‘economics’ as given by four different people and then summarise the four definitions by completing this table Definition The study of _, and _ of goods and services Definition It deals with the _, and _ of goods and services Definition It is the study of how individuals and groups make decisions with _ as to best satisfy their , and _ Definition Economics is the study of how our _ are used to satisfy human wants It is considered a Macroeconomics _ is the study of the _ of economics Microeconomics deals with Economics _ We are not able to _ that everyone wants free Microeconomics is the The study of study of how the system macroeconomics affects _ deals with the sum total of _ Human wants go so far beyond the _ of our to satisfy them all Most major economic problems arise from this If there were plenty of everything for everyone to have , there would be no economic problem C Matching Match the words with their definitions a Excise tax The direct trading of goods and services without the use of money b Property tax The measure of output from a production process, per unit of input c Taxes Taxes imposed on specific goods and services, such as cigarettes d Productivity Taxes paid by households and businesses on land and buildings e Interest rates A tax on imported goods f Barter Required payments of money made to governments by households and business firms g Inflation A sustained and continuous increase in the general price level h Tariff The price paid for borrowing money for a period of time, usually expressed as a percentage of the principal per year i Investment The purchase of a security, such as a stock or bond j Gross domestic 10 The ratio of output (goods and services) produced per unit of product (GDP) input (productive resources) over a period of time D Vocabulary Link the pairs of sentences using the word/phrase in brackets Do not change the order of the sentences Add the necessary punctuation Ahmed is the IT consultant Maysa works on accountancy projects (while) Randa is the secretary She sometimes helps with research (except that) Bashir handles the air transport projects He doesn’t like flying (in spite of this) Rula speaks Arabic fluently Her first language is Greek (eventhough) Taxes on big new cars are high in Syria In the UK they’re much lower (while) Bashir Mukhtar runs a very successful business He worries (in spite of this) Mahmoud enjoys his work He doesn’t like his present project (except that) Salah likes working in London He is looking forward to returning to Aleppo (however) Carol and Huda often speak on the phone They’ve never met each other (although) Complete the following economic profile using the words in the box interest rate exchange rate inflation rate labour force GDP (gross domestic product) government bureaucracy unemployment rate foreign investment balance of trade tax incentives The economy is stable following the problems of the past two years By following a tight monetary policy, the government has reduced the (1) _ to 2% After going up dramatically, the (2) _ is now down to 8% The last six months have seen a slight improvement in the (3) _ against the dollar The (4) _ has grown by 0.15% Exports are increasing and the (5) _ is starting to look much healthier The (6) _ continues to be a problem as it is still 16% In order to stimulate the economy and attract (7) _, the government is offering new (8) _ as well as making a renewed effort to reduce (9) _ Finally, a large skilled (10) _ means there could be attractive investment opportunities over the next five years E Grammar Study the table and choose (a) or (b) for the grammar rule below Questions What / does SUBJECT What does Who does Huda She Who Mounira Huda She Who TST VERB (+ COMPLEMENT) do? works as a secretary works for an insurance company? does work for? works for TST sells the best stationery? does A rule about the present simple tense We (a) need / does when the wh-word is the subject (b) don’t need h Whom you think these memos are addressed to? Match each memo with the correct addressee and explain your answers to the manager of the company (Hani’s boss) to the other supervisors in the company (Hani’s colleagues and equals) to the workers in Section (Hani’s subordinates) i (a) Memorandum To: _ From: Hani Assaf, Supervisor, Section Date: 26 Feb, 201 Re: Lateness (b) Memorandum To: _ From: Hani Assaf, Supervisor, Section Date: 26 Feb, 201 Re: Lateness As you are aware, a number of staff in this section are habitually late for work This must stop immediately In future, anyone coming to work late will lose up to one hour’s pay I would like to inform you that some staff in my section are habitually late for work I have warned them that this should stop immediately I would like to recommend that anyone who is late for work should lose up to one hour’s pay (c) Memorandum To: _ From: Hani Assaf, Supervisor, Section Date: 26 Feb, 201 Re: Lateness As you may know, some of my staff are late for work nearly every day I’m going to cut an hour’s pay from anyone who’s late in future Can I suggest that you all the same? Let’s all the same thing throughout the company Read this memo and answer the questions below SPEED SPORTS EQUIPMENT CO MEMO To: W alid Ibrahim, Design Technician From: Salah Al Shawi, Design Manager Date: 30 August Subject: Design of N ew Sports Equipment As you know, our company is planning to design and produce new types of sports equipment for sale in Syria and around the world I wish to inform you that the following new products are to be designed for water sports by the end of this year They must all be made of plastic - A safety helmet: The outer shell must be light and have good impact resistance The inner lining must absorb impact well and have thermal insulation - A canoe: Its hull must be very light and made of hard and tough substance which can resist punctures and cuts from rocks - Swimming goggles: They must be made of a transparent material which resists scratches and cannot be broken - Paddles: They must be made of a light and tough material, which is slightly flexible in the water Please attend a meeting on September at 10: will use for these products 92 Wh o wrote the memo? W o was the memo addressed to? h W en was the memo written? h W a t was the subject of the memo? h a.m in order to decide which plastics we h W at information does the reader already know? h W at information is new to the reader? h W at action does the writer want the reader to take? Correspondence B Documents for accounting a _ Write these document names on the correct document Invoice Receipt Statement Reminder Credit note Heard’s Stores 10 Front Street Manchester M16 X B Date: 24 May, 201 Customer: Ms A Bel l, 69 Manchester _ _ Heard’s Stores 10 Front Street Manchester M16 3X B Date: 10 May, 201 Customer: Miss Bel l Received with thanks the sum of 15 for stationery Michael Heard Details B/F payment received invoice 0002 credit note 0005 pounds Qt y Amount Balance 10 May 17 May 15.00 12.000 2.00 15.00 00.00 12.00 10.00 10 Description Ref invoice 0002 Maple Road, Heard’s Stores 10 Front Street Manchester M16 X B Date: 30 J une, 201 Customer: Ms A Bel l, 69 Manchester _ Heard’s Stores 10 Front Street Manchester M16 X B Date: 10 May, 201 Customer: Ms A Bel l, 69 Manchester Date Amount owing _ _ Maple Road, Maple Road, Amount 12 pounds Item U nit Price Amount Book s pounds 12 pounds This payment is now overdue W e would be grateful if you would settle this account as soon as possible Total 12 Account to be settled within 30 pounds days _ Heard’s Stores Front Street Manchester M16 X B Date: 17 May, 201 Customer: Ms A B ell, 69 Manchester 10 Maple Road, W e have today credited the sum of pounds to your account with us in respect of overpayment on invoice 93 b Answer the questions regarding the documents in task a Wh en did Heard’s Stores receive money from Anne Bel l? Whi ch of the documents 1- are listed on the statement? Heard’s Stores allow regular customers _ to pay a one week b 30 days c 60 days d as long as they need She got a credit note after she had paid _ _ _ _ a too much b invoice c for the books d two pounds Wh en she received the reminder, her payment was _ overdue a 30 days b a day c about three weeks d about a month 93 c Read the clues and guess what each document is Example surance cert It is an insurance certificate r waybi-3 -ontrac4 ate of origi5 bill of la -6 -bined transport d import li ignment note der 10 stoms entry form d Match these descriptions to the documents in task c _ request for goods _ ticket and receipt for sea freight _ ticket and receipt for airfreight _ ticket and receipt for goods sent by more than one method of transport _ a document for goods sent by land _ an agreement which can be enforced by law _ proof that goods have come from a certain country _ official permission to bring goods into a country _ form describing imported goods so that duty can be calculated _ proof that something is insured e Read the form below and answer the following questions 396 Cromwell Road, London SW3 9RT TST UK Tel +44 (0) 20 7258 6820 Order No 0076922 To TST Warehouse Mallary Street London NE6 8DD Please supply and deliver Qty 10 boxes boxes 20 rolls boxes Description paper clips (large) paper clips (small) sellotape (wide) pencils (hard) January 2010 Unit Price Please quote order no & date Signed Della Paine Purchasing officer h W o is the order from? h W o is the order to? h W at are the full forms of the following abbreviations? a no b qty 94 Fax +44 (0) 20 7258 6854 Correspondence f Match the questions to the answers about tenders and contracts a Are there penalty clauses in government contracts? c Does the lowest bid always win the contract? e W hat is a tender? g b h W at is a ‘l ocal tender’? d h W at is a ‘l imited tender’? f Is there a standard contract? _ _ _ It is a written offer to supply goods or carry out work at a set price U sually, the company with the lowest bid (= tender) wins the contract _ _ _ N o Each government department uses its own form of contract _ _ _ A limited tender may be used if the work requires specialist suppliers or contractors _ _ _ A local tender may be used if contracts are limited to local companies _ _ _ N ot always If a bid by a Syrian company is up to 15% the domestic contractor is awarded the contract _ _ _ If contracts are completed late, there are fines based on a percentage of the value of the contract The following maximum fines are payable: - Construction contracts: 10% - Supply contracts: 3% - Technical assistance contracts: 4% above a bid by a foreign company, Discuss Do you think there would be a ‘l imited tender’ for building: a school? Wh y? a bridge across the Euphrates? Wh y? a power station? W hy? h Complete the text with these words in their correct form agreement contract lawyer misunderstanding parties (people or organisations) settle (solve a dispute) state (verb) prevent If two people or companies agree on something important, they may want a written (1) _ _ They both sign the contract, which means they must both keep to their (2) _ _ Contracts must be written carefully to prevent any (3) _ so they are usually written by a (4) _ _ A good written contract usually (5) _ misunderstandings because both (6) _ can see all the details of their agreement clearly International contracts usually (7) _ how a dispute will be (8) _ In other words, they say which country’s laws will apply and who will arbitrate 95 C Job documents a Read the CV and answer the questions Curriculum Vitae Name Address Telephone Date of Birth Nationality Education Work Experience Samer Moussa Al Harika, Damascus, Syria 963 * May 1983 Syrian 196198: Aleppo Secondary School 20: SCN (assistant to Personnel Manager) 19: DIC Damascus (computer assistant) Special skills Computer skills: Win dows, W ord and Excel Language skills: English (intermediate level) Driving: I am learning to drive Activities and interests Football player in school team References Mr Ali Radwan Mr Khal ed Mansour Head Teacher Personnel Manager Aleppo Secondary School SCN Wh b en Samer wrote this CV Wh ere did he live? W as he still at school? What was Samer’s most recent job? What was his first job? Could he drive a car? What could an employer learn about Samer from his “Activities and Interests”? Whi ch referee could tell an employer whether Samer was good at his job? Read and complete the text with one word in each blank Some employers ask applicants to complete an application form, but many employers ask for a CV instead Different people write CVs in different ways (1) _ example, you can put your address and telephone number at the beginning or the end, and you (2) _ use some different headings However, all CVs must contain personal details such as (3) _ and address, details of education, (4) _, details of (5) _ experience, and additional information such as special skills Wh en you write your CV , include everything that might interest an (6) _ For example, have you ever done any voluntary work? Have you played in any sports teams? All CVs must have clear headings They (7) _ be easy to read, and the information must be in the correct order: for example, people usually put their latest job first and the previous (8) _ second Y ou should always write your CV on a computer and keep (9) _ on disc Then you can update it easily Wh en you have finished writing your CV , ask yourself, “Have I spelled all the words correctly?” and “ (10) _ my CV look good?” 96 Correspondence c Read and complete the text using the words in the box cooking finishing writing understanding record-keeping answering working There are two kinds of skills that you will need when you start work: they are job skills and core skills J ob skills are the abilities that an employee needs for his or her particular job, for example (1) _ _ letters, filing, (2) _, and so on A chef in a restaurant must be good at (3) _ _ Core skills are different They are useful in most jobs, and you are probably learning them already For example, being good at (4) _ with other people is an important core skill in most jobs Communicating well is important in nearly all jobs too Are you careful about your work? Bein g careful about your work and (5) _ on time is a core skill (6) _ _ the telephone, using computers and (7) _ English are all important skills that any employee should have d Put the sentences about a job application in the right order a Therefore we would be grateful if you could return the enclosed application form to us no later than N ovember 10 b I look forward to receiving your application, together with your original certificates c Thank you for your letter of 28 October, enclosing your CV d Fortunately, we shall not be interviewing anyone until the week beginning N ovember e However, we require you to complete a job application form for the post f Wi th reference to your letter, we note that you will be abroad from 10 to 13 N ovember g In addition to the application form, we shall need to see your original certificates (not photocopies) e Put the stages of getting a job in order _ application form job interview advert in newspaper letter of rejection/ approval job description letter of application curriculum vitae invitation to an interview company website _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ f These are some typical headings and questions on application forms Can you explain what they mean? Marital status Military service status N ationality Y ear of graduation Present occupation Career objective Previous employment J ob title This means “Are you married or single?” _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 g Read the application letter and answer the questions below 29 Chester Road London NW1 3QT 25 May, 2010 The Export Manager TST UK 396 Cromwell Road London SW3 9RT Dear Sir or Madam I am writing in response to your advertisement for a clerical assistant in your export department I am eighteen years old and a student at N otting Hill College, where I am studying for the Commerce Foundation exam I am planning to leave college next month after my exam and I would like to start working in an office as soon as possible after that I am very interested in working for TST because of the training you offer I have had a number of part-time jobs including supermarket work and working in a small shop In these jobs, I learned to deal with customers and improved my communication skills I enclose a CV as requested I am available for interview at any time, and I look forward to hearing from you Y ours faithfully Kevin Johnson K evin J ohnson Wh ere does the writer of this letter live? h W o is he writing to? h W a t has he seen in the newspaper? h In which month will he finish his education? Wh y does he want to work for TST? Has he worked in an office before? Explain who does what, in the right order, using these verbs and your answers from exercice c research send complete update place reply read write ask for First, the employer places an advert in the newspaper Then, the job-seeker reads the advert i 98 Where might you find or hear these sentences? I left the company after three years since there was no possibility of progress to a more senior position W e regret to inform you that several candidates are better qualified and have greater experience than yourself How you describe yourself in the words of an honest and fair colleague? Applicants should have experience in setting up projects without supervision W e have the pleasure to offer you the job of Consultant with a salary of 80 dollars per month I read the job description in your advertisement and I am confident that I am suitable for the job Correspondence Part Two: Oral Communication A Revision Meetings a Khaled is general manager of a fuel research company He phones Hanan to ask her to come to a meeting to discuss items on the agenda below Complete Khaled’s phone call Use the correct form of words in the box look go attend be see discuss hold would should will Hello! Is that Hanan? Hello Hanan, it’s Khal ed here I’m (1) _ holding a staff meeting next Thursday the 14t h W ould you (2) _ able to (3) _ the meeting? W e’ll be (4) _ the specifications of the new hydrogen fuel cells and I (5) _ like to decide how many fuel cells we (6) _ order In addition, I’m (7) _ to annouce the date of our new project, and I (8) _ also create a new project team I’m (9) _ forward to (10) _ you at the meeting By e b The following is an old draft of the agenda for the meeting Rewrite it according to Khaled’s telephone call, and in the correct order c Staff meeting 14 October Agenda N umber of new fuel cells to be ordered Date for ordering new hydrogen fuel cells Creation of two new project teams Date of new project Hold a short meeting with some classmates Make some suggestions for improving an aspect of school life Then write the minutes of your meeting below Minutes of Meeting Date: _ Present: _ Main agenda 1_ _ 2_ _ 3_ _ _ AOB* : _ *A OB : Any Other Bus iness 99 Interviews a Learn more about job interviews by matching (1–5) to (a–e) Job interviews are useful for both interviewers and interviewees The interviewer can: 5 discuss information on the application form check the interviewee’s appearance such as rate his / her communication skills assess his / her social skills such as form an opinion about the interviewee’s attitude to the job by asking about a b c d interest and motivation to find out more details is he / she clean and smart? politeness and ability to get on with people e to check his/ her ability to explain clearly _ _ _ _ _ The interviewee can: find out more about the job especially check the working environment such as see what the other workers are like meet the boss ask questions such as a to learn how to deal with them b to become familiar with the theme rules c schedule and holidays d what are my rights? e comfort, safety and pleasantness of the workplace b Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue Mona is being interviewed for a part-time job in an office Interviewer: Mona: Interviewer: Mona: Interviewer: Mona Interviewer Mona Interviewer 100 W ould you like to ask me any questions, Mona? (a) _ V ery well What is your first question? (b) _ W e pay our employees 150 SY P per month (c) _ N o, they don’t They only work overtime once or twice per month (d) _ Y es, they are All our employees are given free training Correspondence c Imagine you are going to be interviewed for a job as a pipeline safety officer, and that the CV below is yours Write six questions which you think the interviewer may ask you Salah Ibrahim Nationality: Syrian Date of birth: 25 May, 1982 ID number: 18562 Education Higher Institute of Technology, Lattakia: 20 - 20 Damascus Industrial School, Damascus: 195 - 20 Aleppo Primary and Preparatory School, Aleppo: 198 - 195 Qualifications Diploma in Gas Pipeline Technology: J uly 20 Technical Secondary School Certificate: J uly 20 School Achievements Captain of Damascus Industrial School Football Team First prize for project on natural gas technology, 20 Work Experience Safety Technician, Arab Gas Pipeline Co, Hama (J uly 203 - Dec 203) Technician, Arab Gas Pipeline Co, Hama (Aug 20 - J uly 203) Industrial Training IT for pipeline safety engineers (Apr 20 Pipeline safety ( Feb 203) Pipeline technology (Sep - N ov 20) 03) Interests I play football in my company team and I enjoy swimming I am a member of the company Safety and First Aid voluntary team I go to evening lessons to improve my ability to speak and write English Question Question Question Question Question Question 101 B Negotiations Note Basic Negotiating Tips The First Tip: N ever discuss settlement terms until the end of the process B efore discussing the terms of a settlement get to know each other, find out what you can about possible competitors, learn as much as possible about the issue at hand, determine if this is really what you need or want, wait until they indicate that they really want or need to settle The Second Tip: The purpose of negotiating is to discover the term parameters of the other person Y ou want to know the most the other person will pay for something or the least they are willing to sell The Third Tip: Try to get the other person to make the first offer or proposal K nowing how to bracket your response will let you move the final outcome toward your goal B ut the starting point is a critical step in getting there Manipulating the other person into making the opening proposal allows you to set the parameters of the negotiation to your advantage The Fourth Tip: Prepare before meeting by considering why you are negotiating, what you expect to gain, why that is important to you and what you expect to have to offer If you fully understand your needs and wants, you will be able to quickly determine if continuing a negotiation is worth your time The Fifth Tip: Test the market before sitting down Get comparables, talk with others and establish reasonable parameters for the negotiation Do not undermine your credibility by appearing ill-informed or overly aggressive The Sixth Tip: B e aware when it is time to bring the negotiation to a close Don’t let the discussion drag on as the other person may lose interest, patience or the desire to commit Over negotiating often kills deals or agreements that should have been made a Read the following dialogue and practise it with a partner Ahmed: Shopkeeper: Ahmed: Shopkeeper: Ahmed: Shopkeeper: Ahmed: Shopkeeper: b How much does the watch cost? 120 SY P That’s too much But it’s very good quality What if I gave you 640 SY P? W ould you sell me the watch? That’s too little, but I would give it to you for 80 SY P OK, I’ll take it Does it have a guarantee? Of course Work in pairs Prepare your negotiation Then perform a dialogue similar to the one above Aim: Mansour wants to buy a laptop The shopkeeper wants at least 750 dollars Mansour Ask the price Say that’s too much Suggest $70 Suggest $750 102 Shopkeeper Say: 850 Say: But it’s very good quality Refuse-suggest $80 Accept this Correspondence Note Techniques in Price Negotiation Understand the industry: Some industries are easier than others to negotiate on price But more importantly, it is vital to understand how the business sets its price Corporations can be more difficult than others when it comes to price negotiation Small businesses are more easily flexible Educating yourself on the product you are seeking and comparing competition can be valuable Entering into negotiation well-informed will be an advantage as you attempt to lower standard pricing Be patient: This is one of the strongest techniques for getting the best price Remember, you are the one with the cash! Patience will reap you huge rewards Walk when appropriate: Explain to the salesperson that you might shop around if you think you can get better deals elsewhere If you really want the better deals, come back a day later and explain you might still be interested in the product Tell the salesperson you are “thinking about it.” This goes hand in hand with patience W alking away a few times will prepare many businesses to give you the better deal N egotiating helps you build character! U sing price negotiation might be stressful at first, but you’ll surely save money while building character! Y ou’ll be a stronger, healthier person when you seek out the best deals Don’t be unfriendly Y ou can be quite pleasant as you negotiate price c Work in groups of three Act out one of the following situations Take turns to act as a chairperson Use words and phrases from the following chart Let’s Shall we Wh y don’t we I suggest that we May I suggest that we Can we agree Do we all agree Are we agreed Are we in agreement to that we Does anyone object if we Are there any objections discuss this later meet again tommorrow? discuss this later? have a vote think about it some more discuss this later? meet again tommorrow? begin the project next week have a vote now? meet again tommorrow? discuss this later? Y ou are members of the school football club The club is discussing who should be in the team for the next football match, but you all disagree The chairperson suggests that you should discuss it for five minutes more, and then vote Y ou are managers in a company Y ou are discussing which worker you should promote to the job of supervisor, but you cannot agree The chairperson suggests that you meet again next week to decide Y ou are at home with your brothers and sisters Y ou all want to buy a new computer for games, homework and Internet surfing, but you can’t agree which one to buy The eldest brother acts as a chairperson, and he suggests a solution 103 English for Starters, Vocational Stream – Commercial English for Starters, Vocational Stream – Commercial, is an English language course that was specially written for vocational / commercial secondary schools in Syria The course progresses from an intermediate level of English in Grade 10 to an advanced level of English in Grade 12 The book introduces students to concepts in commerce; it assumes no prior knowledge of commercial skills on the part of students and teachers The course aims to review and consolidate the language and skills learnt at previous levels and equip students for their future foreign language needs in the following areas: language skills (reading, listening, speaking and writing), grammar, vocabulary and commercial knowledge It enables students to perform routine tasks at work and to take part in social interaction in a commercial context Components: Students’ Book Activity Book including a glossary Teacher’s Book Audio CD ﻝﺱ١٣٠ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ