Students’ Book ﻡ٢٠١٥-٢٠١٤ Vocational Stream Girls’ Grade 12 Students’ Book م2015 - 2014 المؤسسة العامة للطباعة 322 Old Brompton Road, London SW5 9JH, England Maktabat El Nashr El Tarbawi El Souri (Syrian Educational Publishers) Omar El Mukhtar 2nd Str., Bldg El Mazraa, Damascus-Syria Phone: (011) 44676789 Fax: (011) 44676788 e-mail: info@syrianep.com www.syrianep.com Reprinted 2014 © York Press 2011 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers Contents Unit Title Page Drawing and Decoration Home Economy 10 Preparing for an Exhibition 14 Review (Units - 3) 18 Machines and Equipment 20 Culture and Values Global Warming 24 The Internet 25 Using Computers for Designing 29 Review (Units - 6) 33 Advertising 35 Marketing a Product 39 Culture and Values 43 Folk Costumes and Seasonal Fashion Review (Units - 9) 44 48 10 Safety at Work 50 11 General Symbols 54 12 Latest Discoveries 58 Culture and Values The Spread of the Desert 62 Review (Units 10 - 12) 63 Scope and Sequence UNIT LANGUAGE Drawing and Decoration (pp 6-9) Language Functions: giving opinions; giving reasons Vocabulary: word related to drawing and decoration Grammar: review of verb forms Home Economy (pp 10-13) Language Functions: giving explanations; giving examples; suggesting ways to save money Vocabulary: words and phrases related to home economy issues Grammar: future time clauses finding the meaning of words from context; practising outlining skills; giving a reading text a suitable title Preparing for an Exhibition (pp 14-17) Language Functions: giving opinions; giving explanations; talking about the objectives of an exhibition; giving reasons; giving advice Vocabulary: words related to exhibitions Grammar: non-defining relative clauses identifying problems and finding solutions for them; combining sentences to form non-defining relative clauses UNIT LANGUAGE NEW SKILLS talking about knitting; taking notes; identifying the purpose of a brochure Language Functions: comparing and contrasting crochet hooks and knitting needles; giving opinion; giving reasons Vocabulary: terms related to machines and equipment used for making clothes Grammar: modal verbs and the passive The Internet Language Functions: describing (pp 25-28) items; describing a process Vocabulary: terms related to buying online; labels Grammar: reported questions Using Computers for Language Functions: giving opinions; giving reasons Designing (pp 29-32) Vocabulary: terms related to CAD Grammar: reporting verbs used in the negative; reporting verbs + infinitive Machines and Equipment (pp 20-23) NEW SKILLS identifying the meaning of words in context; identifying synonyms; practising word formation skills; giving a reading text a suitable title; distinguishing between true and false sentences writing email and web addresses; labelling a picture; rewriting contracted forms identifying synonyms; rewriting sentences as reported speech; looking up the definition of words in a dictionary UNIT LANGUAGE NEW SKILLS Advertising (pp 35-38) Language Functions: talking about preferences; making comparisons; giving explanations Vocabulary: terms used in advertising Grammar: the second conditional listening to identify topics; extracting and matching vocabulary with their meaning; describing items; explaining media suitable for advertising; roleplay; matching titles and adverts with their description Marketing a Product Language Functions: giving (pp 39-42) reasons; giving opinions Vocabulary: terms used in marketing Grammar: the third conditional practising dictionary skills; distinguishing between true and false sentences; practicing word formation skills; forming sentences in the third conditional; identifying the meaning of words from context practising dictionary skills; practicing critical thinking skills; giving the text a suitable title; identifying problems and finding solutions for them; identifying the meaning of words from context Folk Costumes and Seasonal Fashion (pp 44-47) Language Functions: giving opinions; giving reasons Vocabulary: word formation Grammar: tag questions UNIT LANGUAGE 10 Safety at Work (pp 50-53) identifying synonyms; talking about Language Functions: giving causes of fire and ways of preventing it; reasons; giving examples; giving discussing various safety procedures advice; giving opinions Vocabulary: terms related to safety Grammar: indefinite pronouns 11 General Symbols (pp 54-57) Language Functions: comparing and contrasting containers and utensils Vocabulary: expressions with the word safe Grammar: prepositions looking up words in a glossary; identifying antonyms; identifying symbols; matching symbols with their meanings; completing a multiple choice activity; labelling a picture 12 Latest Discoveries (pp 58-61) Language Functions: giving opinions; justifying; talking about new and important inventions; giving examples; giving explanations Vocabulary: words for important discoveries Grammar: sentence fragments; run-on sentences preparing a short presentation; researching and writing a paragraph; matching an interview with its corresponding description; writing an introduction and a conclusion to a text; listening to fill in the blanks; reading descriptions to identify the inventions; matching inventions and their titles and categorising them NEW SKILLS Drawing and A Dialogue Decoration Read the dialogue and answer the questions Interviewer: Our show’s viewers are waiting to hear some easy tips for house decoration from you Decorator: Well, let’s start with the ‘cleaning up’ tip You can give a new look to any room by removing unwanted furniture to open up the space If you plump up already existing cushions, you help the couches look new! Interviewer: What about the use of colour in the room? Decorator: That’s a good question You only need to make a little effort to create a big impact A new coat of paint makes the room look fresh I advise the use of a neutral colour, unless one really wants to use their favourite colour no matter what it is! Interviewer: This sounds interesting Would you give us more tips? Decorator: Yes, but this is more complicated One can choose a theme for the room, like a countryside style or a modern theme Then the choice of décor is implemented according to the theme Interviewer: Oh, this sounds like a difficult task to achieve Could you give us simpler ideas? Decorator: Sure One can simply decorate the room with carpets, small accessories and plants Questions How many tips has the decorator given? List them What does the term ‘cleaning up’ mean in this context? Find in the dialogue words that mean the following: a influence b setting c cover d make rounder e rug Which theme would you choose to decorate your own house? Explain why B Listening Drawing and Decoration Listen and complete the text Studies in environmental psychology suggest that colour itself does not have an effect on us, but our (1) of that colour does To some people, black, for example, represents stability and elegance To others, it represents (2) and to some others it represents (3) If three people with different (4) of black are in a room where everything is black, each could react differently One might feel stable and elegant, another might be (5) and the third might feel (6) But what dictates our perceptions of a colour in life? Is it our culture, our personal experiences or a combination of both? C Vocabulary Complete the sentences by using the words in brackets in their proper form A (paint) specialising in ceramics must wash ceramic surfaces with water prior to painting I use a silicone-based (adhere) that dries quickly The (décor) of the bathroom may include a simple (draw) of the soap dish Take time to plan (furnish) your house After the (paint) is completed, great care has to be taken because the outlines are susceptible to damage You can use some modern colour palettes such as citrus and cherry red for (décor) your house D Grammar Review of the Verb Forms Simple Present It expresses an unchanging, repeated or recurring action or situation It can also represent a widespread truth Example He works as an interior designer (Unchanging state) Example Every year, the art teacher selects the best drawings (Recurring action) Example Mona Lisa is one of Leonardo Da Vinci’s famous paintings (Widespread truth) Simple Past It expresses an action or situation that was started and finished in the past Most past tense verbs end in -ed The irregular verbs have special past tense forms which must be memorised Example The Renaissance Movement influenced art (Regular form) Example In 1891, fifteen of Monet’s paintings were sold (Irregular form) Future It expresses an action or situation that will occur in the future This tense is formed by using will or shall with the base form of the main verb, or by using am, is or are + going to with the base form of the main verb Example The manager of the art exhibition will finish her term in May (Regular form) Example The artist is going to display his sculptures in the art gallery (am, is, or are with going to) Example The new art gallery opens tomorrow (The present tense of the main verb with an adverb or adverbial phrase to express future, e.g tomorrow) Present Continuous It describes an ongoing action that is happening at the same time the statement is written This tense is formed by using am, is or are with the main verb form ending in -ing Example Our art teacher is teaching us organic art using food, flowers and grass Past Continuous It describes a past action which was happening when another action occurred This tense is formed by using was / were with the main verb form ending in -ing Example The carpenter was carving a wooden log when the chisel got broken Present Perfect It describes an action that happened at an indefinite time in the past or that began in the past and continues in the present This tense is formed by using has or have with the past participle of the verb Most past participles end in -ed Irregular verbs have special past participles that must be memorised Example Researchers have travelled to many countries in order to collect more significant data (Indefinite time) Example Acrylic paints have been available since the 1950s (Continues in the present) Past Perfect It describes an action that took place in the past before another past action This tense is formed by using had with the past participle of the main verb Example By the time the decorator arrived, the clients had already left Contrast the meanings of the two sentences Use number as a model Example a That artist carves wooden statues b That artist is carving wooden statues Sentence a means that the artist carves wooden statues as his job, whereas in b the artist is carving wooden statues now a She has been in the art gallery for twenty minutes b She was in the art gallery for twenty minutes a When the painter arrived, we discussed the proposals and made a decision b When the painter arrived, we had discussed the proposals and had made a decision a He promised to give us 2000 SYP, and he has already sent 1000 SYP b He promised to give us 2000 SYP, and he had already sent 1000 SYP E Speaking Work in pairs Discuss how the colours of the ceramic teapot in the picture influence your mood E Giving and responding to warnings There are a number of structures used when giving warnings in En glish Here are some of the most common: U se the imperative followed by might or will in a statement Example Don’t push so hard on that toy, or you might / will break it! U se the imperative Example Watch out! Be careful! U se the imperative followed by otherwise you will or might + the main form of the verb to show conseq uences Example Work hard, otherwise you’ll fail your exam Act out a conversation about each of the following pictures using the structures in the table above open scissors / injur e 52 Circle the correct answer Don’t push so hard on that doll, or you _ a might break b might to break 2_ Be careful! a Watching out! b L ook at! Work hard, _ you’l l fail your ex am a otherwise b although 4_ overcook the meal You’l l burn it a N ot b Don’t flam e / burn it! c might breaking c Watch out! c despite cN o fall / burn / injur e Safety at Work F Speaking Decide what the safety issue is in each of the following scenarios Work in pairs and discuss the various options you have for dealing with the situation Scenario You work in a fast-food restaurant, and your employer asks you to stay until closing time for many nights You not get home until midnight and you must get up for school by a.m You are very tired at school and work Yesterday, another employee at work was tired and he was in a hurry to go home Because of this, he accidently spilled some hot oil and burned himself Scenario You and your partner are working on a local farm The farmer has just started spraying pesticides on his fields, and he has asked you to handle the pesticide containers and sprayers Neither of you has gloves or respirators or has any training The farmer is in a hurry to get the job done before it rains this week If you ask for gloves and respirators, the farmer will have to go buy these supplies You could lose several working hours Scenario You and your partner work at a local convenience store Your supervisor has just decided to make each of you take turns working alone in the store in the evenings This decision makes both of you very nervous Someone could rob you or assault you, and no one would know Since your employer trusts both of you, she specifically wants you both to work the evening shift but doesn’t want to have more than one employee working at the same time Scenario You and a friend just got a summer job mowing along the side of country roads Your supervisor asks you both to mow a very steep hillside You notice the tractors have no rollover protection Several teenagers applied for these jobs because it is very well-paid Your supervisor chose you on a trial basis to see if you could handle the job G Reading Read the following excerpt from a newspaper article and answer the questions Research studies have shown that fires and burns come third in causing home injury and deaths We can prevent such accidents by being aware of safety precautions First, wherever there is a fire at home, be it in the kitchen or the living room, an adult has to be there Second, keep any flammable materials such as towels, curtains and bags away from fire Third, don’t overload electric circuits by using multiple plugs or keeping electric appliances on when you don’t need them Fourth, keep an effective fire extinguisher around And finally, if a fire does start at home and you can’t stop it, remember to call for help and execute your pre-arranged escape plan Questions What the words in bold refer to? What is the writer’s purpose behind writing the newspaper article? According to the article, can we prevent fire? Elaborate What does the writer mean by ‘pre-arranged escape plan’? Think of some other causes of fire and give suggestions to avoid it 53 11 General Symbols A Dialogue Read the dialogue between a daughter and her mother and answer the questions Mona: Mum, look what happened to my new blouse It shrank after I washed it! Mum: What does the laundry label say? Have you checked? Mona: Oh, no I should have done that when I bought it Let me see It has a bucket symbol with one dot What does that mean? Mum: It means you can wash it in the machine with cold water Did you that? Mona: No, I put it in the washing machine with the other laundry I must have washed it with hot water Mum: Now it’s too late to anything Next time, remember to read the instructions on the care labels of your clothes Mona: Yes, I should It doesn’t take much time and it protects my clothes Questions What is Mona’s problem? What is her mother’s advice? Look up the following words in the glossary a shrink b bucket c laundry d care label Find a pair of antonyms in the dialogue B Listening 54 Listen to the description of some symbols we find on electric ovens and match them with the pictures below by writing the number of the text beneath the picture a b c d General Symbols Listen again and check answers C Laundry symbols Match each symbol with its meaning bucket with a hand a not wash bucket with a cross b dry clean square with a black circle c hand wash bucket with dots and a horizontal line d tumble dry without heat circle e tumble dry with high heat square with a circle and dots f machine wash, hot water, permanent press D Vocabulary Find expressions in the text that have the word ‘safe’ Use the table below to write them with their meanings All Tupperware products carry a “food safe” sign Some Tupperware items are microwave safe but are not meant to be used in cooking Some containers carry the freezer safe symbol This means they can be placed in the freezer with the proper amount of food without having it damaged Tupperware items produced after 1979 have the dishwasher safe symbol but need to be kept away from the heating element in the dishwasher Words with safe Meaning Can be Can be but Can be but Can be but What is the difference between containers and utensils? Look up the meaning of the two words in the glossary 55 E Grammar Prepositions Prepositions are used before nouns to give additional information in a sentence Prepositions are usually used to show where something is located, when something happened or an action Prepositions showing: Location: above, below, over, under, among, between, beside, in front of, behind, next to, with, in the middle of, on, in, at Time: at, on, by, before, from, since, for, during, to, until, after Action and movement at, by, from, into, on, onto, off, out of, towards 56 Choose the correct answer for each question White clothes should be washed cold water while black clothes are washed hot water a under / into b on / into c in / in d on / on Always read the instructions the care label before you put the laundry the washing machine a behind / into b on / into c behind / in d in the middle of / in I saw something about it television a in b on c at d through Look the triangular shape on the care label to help you select the proper type bleach a inside / on b for/ of c along / of d through / of Two lines the drying symbol represents gentle cycle, while an X the symbol with a circle means not tumble dry a under / over b on / up c in / on d between / over The dots the ironing symbol indicate the temperature ranges ironing a over / for b for / in c in / for d above / in Always look for the microwave safety label you put the container the microwave a by / in b before / in c before / under d after / in front of Food items that don’t carry the “freezer safe” symbol can’t be stored the freezer a in b on c at d through All sewing students should learn to read the symbols that are printed sewing patterns a inside b on c along d through F Reading General Symbols Read the following symbol key in a sewing manual Use the picture of the pattern below to write the symbols The following are the common symbols you see on the paper patterns Read them carefully to avoid errors in cutting the fabric and in sewing the garment Numbers: how many pieces of the pattern piece you need to cut out, for example two sleeve cuts Cutting lines: bold black lines on the outer edge of the pattern piece with a picture of a pair of scissors Stitching lines: broken lines indicating where the pieces of fabric are stitched together Gathering lines: broken lines that begin and end with a notch indicating that you should gather between the notches Seam allowance: the width of the fabric between the stitching line and the cutting line Notches: diamond shapes along the gathering line used to line up pieces of fabric to be joined Buttonhole positions: markings to stitch buttonholes on the fabric Directional sewing: small arrow along the stitching line to show the way or direction to stitch, for example from the waistline to the hemline Bring a pattern with you to class and in pairs show your partner the symbols printed on it 57 12 Latest Discoveries A Dialogue Read and answer the questions A: Hello Can I ask you a question, please? B: Yes A: Thank you What was, according to you, the most important discovery in history? B: I’d say medicine A: Can you be more specific? B: Vaccines were an important discovery Because of vaccines, children don’t get awful diseases anymore A: Thank you for your time B: You’re welcome A: What you think was the most important discovery in history? C: Well, there have been so many things, but I’d say electricity A: Electricity? C: Yes, I think so We need it every second of the day, don’t we? We need it to use our computers, to browse the Internet, to put the lights on, for heating and watching television A: Right, thanks very much A: What you think was the most important discovery in history? D: Radio waves! We need them for our mobile phones and satellites I mean, we can’t live without them! A: That’s right Thanks a lot D: No problem Questions What is the interviewer (A) interested in knowing from the three interviewees (B, C and D)? What were the three answers to his main question? What is the meaning of ‘awful’? According to you, which one of the three discoveries is the most important? Why? How would you answer the interviewer’s question? Explain your answer electric lamp 58 Latest Discoveries B Listening Listen and circle the correct answer Colin is a sixteen b seventeen c eighteen Colin is from a England b Ireland c Scotland Colin’s invention is for children with a breathing problems b hearing problems c learning problems The child breathes the spray through the elephant’s a mouth b tail c trunk Who suffers from asthma? a Colin’s mother b Colin’s cousin c Colin’s brother C Vocabulary Write the words between brackets in the right form The first digital (mechanic) (1) calculator was invented in 1623 and the first (commerce) (2) successful device was produced in 1820 Many toy inventors have college degrees in engineering, such as (produce) (3) design, mechanical engineering or electronics In 1951, the first video tape recorder captured live images from television cameras by (convert) (4) the information into (electricity) (5) _ impulses and saving the information onto magnetic tape Scientists are working on how to (integration) (6) solar cells into mobile phones, allowing them to be powered (continue) (7) on just two hours of sunlight a day D Matching Match the following titles with their specific descriptions, then group the inventions in different categories and give them appropriate titles a Extraction-Assist Robot b Tread-Walk c Perpetual Motion Device d Phones with Sound Waves e Hair-Washing Machine f Paper-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries g Raytheon’s XOS Exoskeleton h Visually Impaired Assistant (VIA) allows the user to lift 200 pounds hundreds of times without getting tired helps carers who work in hospitals and health care institutions It makes use of the company’s robot hand technology, featuring 16 fingers to wash the user’s hair represents a combination of GPS and a walking stick and includes four mini cameras and a GPS receiver turns sound waves into electricity machine that generates more energy than it consumes and produces power from perpetual motion developed for the elderly and disabled in order to enable them to fulfil their personal mobility needs carries injured soldiers from the battlefield, breaks locked doors and lifts heavy cargo used to power electronic newspapers and to make smart packaging that would assist marketers 59 E Grammar Sentence Fragments and Run-on sentences A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence Some fragments are incomplete because they lack either a subject or a verb, or both Example Some of the inventions studied in Professor Saleh’s class last term A run-on sentence is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses (that is, complete sentences) are joined without appropriate punctuation or conjunction Example It is nearly half past five we cannot finish the machine before dark Mark complete sentences with CS, sentence fragments with F and run-on sentences with RO _ The invention that I saw yesterday _ It is not an exceptional discovery, it is only average _ Your idea to invent a time machine is quite impossible _ Because I have no new inventions yet _ Present your new invention carefully _ Our latest discoveries were revolutionary, therefore, our profits will be higher _ Having finished her new project, Joy sat down to an evening of television _ The steam engine, one of the well-known inventions in history _ I went in, I adjusted a few details The machine worked perfectly well _ 10 Hurry up! Correct the run-on sentences in exercise Correct the fragments in exercise F Speaking The following is a list of three new inventions with a short description of each In groups of four, discuss which one is the most important and which is the least important Plastic into oil This machine is able to turn plastic into oil; it will help people use more renewable energy sources Robot Suit This is a robot suit that elderly farmers can attach to their bodies to help them carry out their daily work more easily Toothbrush without toothpaste This is a toothbrush that creates a solar-powered chemical reaction inside a person’s mouth and cleans their teeth without using toothpaste 60 Prepare a five-minute talk to explain your answers to task Latest Discoveries G Reading 10 Read the text and answer the questions Self-Cleaning Clothing Wool manufacturers are interested in this invention: coating fibres such as wool with titanium dioxide nanocrystals, which break down food stains when exposed to sunlight Of course, these nanocrystals not harm the skin They don’t even affect the feel or look of the fabric When coated with titanium dioxide, fabrics become self-cleaning and may be useful in hospitals, for instance Some may say that this is not a new invention since materials that use nanoparticles are already on the market However, such materials are stain-repellent fabrics with a nanofibre coating that pushes the liquid off the fabric by making the particles roll off instead of being absorbed into the material Titanium dioxide can decompose organic matter when exposed to ultraviolet light and when mixed with water It can also destroy bacteria when exposed to sunlight The most important feature of titanium dioxide is that it can get rid of ink stains in seventeen hours and coffee stains in two hours Questions Write a suitable introduction to this text Find five difficult words and explain them using the glossary Give an example of stain-repellent fabrics Explain, in your own words, the difference between the type of fabric described in the text and stain-repellent fabrics Write a suitable conclusion to this text clean laundry in baskets H Writing 11 Do some research on the Internet to find two recent inventions you are interested in and write a fully-developed paragraph describing each 61 Culture and Values The Spread of the Desert Desertification is one of the most dangerous environmental problems facing our world today Around a sixth of the world’s population has to face its consequences Countries with a dehydrated climate offer the perfect environment for desertification In such areas, the surface of the soil is ruined and thus no plants grow Consequently, no animals can graze there These harsh conditions force people to leave their land and go to other areas where they can get water and food Some people survive their journey, while others die of starvation or thirst Desertification is not only caused by natural conditions Man also plays a vital role in accelerating the process of desertification Farmers tend to overgraze the land in order to feed the growing population Moreover, people are cutting down trees and this erodes the soil since there are no more trees to protect it against the wind and rain The effects of desertification are not as simple as they might seem Strong winds and wild fires often occur in desert areas and this might have a serious impact on the availability of the most valuable resource on the planet: water Questions What are the causes of the problem described in the article? Choose the correct endings to the following sentence beginnings a Land can no longer be used for growing crops if… the top layer of soil is destroyed animals are grazed on the land people move to greener areas b The Earth’s most precious resource is… productive land water people c Trees and plants… grow well in deserts stop wind and rain from damaging land are a major cause of desertification Research another environmental problem and compare it to desertification in a Venn diagram 62 Review (Units 10-12) A Write a complete paragraph using the following phrases injury was minor passed by the doctor some tablets have it checked relieve the pain B Match the words to their meanings beware a domesticated fowl, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, etc cautious b pre- planned elaborate c be careful poultry d safety measures prevent e careful, attentive precautions f present in further detail flam mable g carry out ex tinguish h keep from happening ex ecute i put out 10 pre- arranged j burnable C Read the following statements and decide which is true and which is false Correct the false statements Res earch studies have shown that burns come second in causing home injur y and deaths Children should try to put out a fire at home An ything flam mable must always be kept away from fire Towels, curtains and bags aren’t flam mable Ov erloaded electric circuits never cause fire There is no need to keep an effective fire ex tinguisher around since fires happen rarely You must call for help if you can’t stop a fire D What safety measures must be taken in the following situation? Give three suggestions Y ou are in the kitchen preparing lunch for your family Y ou are frying potatoes when the telephone rings Y ou answer the call It is your best friend who has just arrived from a trip abroad She has many ex citing things to tell Y ou forget about the potatoes on fire E Write a sentence with each given word shrank laundry label bucket symbol instructions protect 63 F Guess the meanings of the following words waterproof freezer safe ovenproof soundproof mothproof G greaseproof flam eproof fireproof bulletproof 10 microsafe Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition I heard _ the accident you had last week I was _ _ work _ the sewing room My finger was caught _ the needle of the sewing machine 4_ _ work, I passed _ the clinic to have it checked My brother works _ a local company H According to you, what was the greatest discovery in history? Write four sentences about it I Mark complete sentences with CS, sentence fragments with F, and run-on sentences with RO Wool manufacturers interested in self- cleaning clothing Titanium diox ide nanocrystals don’t harm the skin When coated with nanocrystals fabrics become self- cleaning Titanium diox ide can destroy bacteria when ex posed to sunlight Titanium diox ide can easily remove jui ce, ink and coffee stains However stain- repellent fabrics are not new on the market J Correct the run-on sentences from exercise I K Correct the fragments from exercise I L Fill in the blanks with the correct indefinite pronoun 1_ _ Tupperware products carry the sign of “f ood safe” on food containers and utensils 2_ Tupperware items are microsafe, _ are freezer safe 3_ must read the instructions on care labels on their clothes before cleaning them However, _ can make a mistake and forget all about labels 4_ of you are diligent students The teacher has assigned _ difficult tasks to you and _ _ _ else This has challenged _ students to their best A ccording to _, the most significant discovery in history is medicine _ _ consider electricity more important than the discovery of medicine N onetheless, _ is as important as the discovery of radio waves as some might consider 64 English for Starters, Vocational Stream – Girls’ English for Starters, Vocational Stream – Girls’, is an English language course that was specially written for vocational / girls’ secondary schools in Syria The course progresses from an intermediate level of English in Grade 10 to an advanced level of English in Grade 12 The book introduces students to concepts in practical girls’ skills; it assumes no prior knowledge of these skills on the part of students and teachers The course aims to review and consolidate the language and skills learnt at previous levels and equip students for their future foreign language needs in the following areas: language skills (reading, listening, speaking and writing), grammar, vocabulary and practical girls’ skills It enables students to perform routine tasks at work and to take part in social interaction Components: Students’ Book Activity Book including a glossary Teacher’s Book Audio CD ﺱ. ﻝ١١٥ :ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ