Activity Book ﻡ ﻡ٢٠١٥¥٢٠١٤ Vocational Stream Girls’ Grade 12 Activity Book م2015 - 2014 المؤسسة العامة للطباعة Contents Unit Title Page Drawing and Decoration Home Economy Preparing for an Exhibition Test 12 Machines and Equipment 14 The Internet 17 Using Computers For Designing 20 Test 23 Advertising 25 Marketing a Product 28 Folk Costumes and Seasonal Fashion 31 Test 34 10 Safety at Work 36 11 Gerneral Symbols 39 12 Latest Discoveries 42 Test 45 Glossary 47 Drawing and Decoration Exercise Vocabulary A Write the correct word in the blank Display your (collectibles / collections) in the living room with moderation I want to (draw / drawing) a picture of these flowers Buy items that are (class / classical) and (functional / functioning) to decorate your rooms A well (decorated / decorative) room is a source of comfort You can choose any wall art, keeping in mind the (existing / existed) colour scheme B Match the words with their definitions colour psychology a a central place of attention paint chip b factors that are distinctive focal point c illumination that is striking or impressive decorative items d gadgets used to add style to a room special features e a sample of a colour shade dramatic lighting f the study of the effect of colour on one’s mental state Exercise Dialogue Fill in the blanks with the correct terms doesn’t serve a function to have long-term value just because of its print or texture the best quality furniture the furniture last longer mismatched furniture A Could you please suggest some tips for the purchasing of furniture? B Sure You should get (1) for the budget you have A But what if we like a piece of furniture for its colour or fabric? B Oh, this happens often, but we don’t want to have cheap furniture (2) It’s essential that we learn about the quality of construction and materials that make (3) A What about the furniture we already have? B Good question We also don’t want to keep furniture that’s useless or (4) We can always give away or sell unwanted pieces With (5) , it may be possible to find common features to create a unified theme A Could this include the colour of fabric and wood? B Yes After all, you want to have an attractive decoration at home and at the same time (6) for your money Exercise Grammar Rewrite the sentences using the word(s) in brackets Make the necessary changes Have you forgotten to call the furniture company? ( yesterday?) He doesn’t have to speak to the interior designer because she has already phoned him (He didn’t ) Is it usual for painters to spend a lot of time on one painting? (In the future ?) She is using stretch fabric with silk chiffon to make upholsteries for the dining room chairs (In the past ?) The ice already melted before the artist started carving it (When the artist ) Exercise Reading Read the following text about home decoration and answer the questions When you start thinking about decorating your home, first you need to learn about your personal style Spend some time scanning magazines, visiting showrooms and surfing the net This will help you identify your likes and dislikes in the world of decoration You could ask for help if you need to, but don’t let anyone else take the final decision Then you need to specify the function of every room to be able to buy the appropriate furniture Remember to have the room dimensions with you when you’re shopping around It’s essential that you identify a focal point for each room and buy the large pieces of furniture first For example, if you are having a study area in the bedroom, you need to choose the bed and the closet, leaving room for a desk and shelves Remember to keep pathways clear in the room You need to walk freely from the door to the bed and from the bed to the closet, for example Don’t forget to take into consideration colour and pattern as you purchase the furniture to match with the floor, wall paint, rugs and curtains to achieve a harmonious ambiance Questions Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false statements a Take decisions about decorating your home with people close to you b Painting the walls is the first step c It’s important to decide on a point of focus in a room d Don’t place a piece of furniture in a ‘traffic’ area Identify the six essential factors in decorating a room Write down the examples that were given Not all factors are illustrated with examples a b c d e f Unit Exercise Speaking Work in pairs One of you is a customer (A) in an art gallery and the other is the attendant (B) (A) wants to buy a couple of paintings for the new flat and asks about certain styles and colours to match the bedroom and living room furniture (B) asks some questions and gives advice Construct your dialogue and act it out in class A B A B A B A B Exercise Situations Work in pairs What would you say in the following situations? You like an armchair in a furniture shop You’re interested in antique pieces of furniture What would you ask the assistant? You are a decorator helping a client choose the furniture for the dining room You need to know the location of windows, doors and electrical outlets What would you ask? You know that the colour green is associated with health, freshness and energy What would you say to your friend who is decorating a new clinic? You own a shop that sells rugs and draperies You’re trying to convince a customer that expensive material is an investment in long lasting decoration What would you say? Exercise Writing Use three factors you identified in exercise and write a similar paragraph to give suggestions to decorate the living room or dining room Home Economy Exercise Vocabulary Match the word with its definition budget a money spent on something expenses b paying more than the budget overspending c buying items to keep in store stocking up d financial plan Exercise Dialogue Fill in the dialogue with the suitable phrases from the box It depends on many factors Oh yes I often that like electricity and telephone bills, transportation, food and outings Ev ery week? Ev ery month? good planning and some organisation sometimes there are social events like your friends’ birthdays or ‘n ew arrivals‘ A Ex cuse me Do you examine your spending? B (1) A H ow often you mean? (2) B Sometimes every day (3) Sometimes, there are occasions that make you spend a lot of money very frequently T hese occasions are family events like weddings and anniversaries, and (4) A I see What about the times when there is no special event? B Well, I still have to budget my essential monthly expenses (5) So I that at the beginning of every month, but I monitor the payments every week A Great I’m sure this needs (6) B Yes, it certainly does Unit Exercise Grammar A Choose the correct words to complete these sentences 1I the clothes when the washing machine is totally full a will wash b washes c am washing we fluorescent light bulbs, the electricity bill won’t be reduced a As soon as, will use b Before, use c U ntil, use When I go shopping, I items that don’t expire in bulk a buy b will buy c won’t buy getting a credit card, you should find out what fees the bank to charge you a After, is going b As soon as, will have c Before, is going As soon as I watching T V , I it off a will finish, switch b finish, will switch c will finish, switch If I to go shopping, I will all my errands in one trip to save time and fuel money a will want b wanted c want B Write six sentences about home economy using the future time clause Exercise Reading Read the text and answer the questions It is annoying not to have spare money to purchase what we need or want And sometimes we may feel guilty if we acquire items that are not within our limited budget So, it’s necessary that we look for opportunities to search for a source of income that makes us feel comfortable about buying such attractive products If you already have a career, see if you can get a promotion or an opportunity to get a higher income or an additional job If you not have a post, look for one that you’ll be happy with In both situations, consider acquiring new skills or developing the ones you already have by attending a course in a college, for example Questions Decide which sentence is suitable as an introduction to the text and which is suitable for a conclusion a We always need things or are interested in obtaining items that may not be essential in our lives b Always look for opportunities to make yourself content Fin d three words in the first paragraph that mean get Fin d three words in the second paragraph that have a similar meaning to profession Exercise Speaking A In pairs discuss how shopping for grocery is different from or similar to clothes shopping (need, budget, etc.) B Prepare a three-minute talk about what one should before going to a supermarket (preparing a list, checking what is available at home, etc.) Exercise Situations What would you say to your friend when you are giving him / her advice to the following? • plan for the shopping event ahead of time • remember to read the label on a product they are about to purchase • read the cash machine scanner • look for good deals to stock up Exercise Writing Write a letter to your friend who always complains about the huge bills he / she has every month Offer advice to help him / her budget for necessary expenses such as food, home bills and other expenses that could be cut down such as clothes shopping and social or fun outings declare verb to say something in a solemn and emphatic manner: The manager declared that the proposal was rejected deprive verb to deny a person or place the possession or use of something: Some rural areas are deprived of electricity decompose verb to break down into component elements or simpler constituents: Many chemicals decompose rapidly under high temperature derive verb to obtain something from a specified source: You will derive great comfort from this armchair decorative adjective pretty or attractive, but not always necessary or useful: There is a decorative panel above the door detached adjective not reacting to or becoming involved in something in an emotional way: Try to take a more detached view documentary noun a movie or a television or radio programme that provides a factual record or report: The documentary on the latest archaeological discoveries was too complicated for me to understand documentation noun the written specification and instructions accompanying a computer program or hardware: I think the documentation of this computer belongs to a different one deliver verb to take goods, letters, packages, etc to a particular place or person: The morning post has just been delivered digitising adjective the process of converting a photo, movie,etc into a digital form that can be processed by a computer: Digitising books is a new concept to many demand noun the desire of purchasers, consumers, clients, employers, etc., for a particular commodity, service or other item: There is a recent slump in demand pressing requirements: He’s got enough demands on his schedule double-pointed needles noun knitting needles that have points at both ends, rather than having a pointed end and an end with a stopper that keeps the stitches on the needle: Double-pointed needles are used in weaving when a certain pattern is desired dimension noun a measurable extent of some kind, such as length, breadth, depth or height: Engineers must take precise measurements of the dimension of their projects drafting noun a piece of writing or a plan that is not yet in its finished form: The drafting is quite good but needs some slight changes dine out phrasal verb to eat dinner in a restaurant or the house of friends: They dine out at least once a week drapery noun cloth coverings hanging in loose folds: I cannot understand how she liked this ugly drapery discuss verb to talk about something with another person or group of people: I discussed the problem with a friend E demonstrate verb to give a practical exhibition and explanation of how a machine, skill or craft works or is performed: The company will demonstrate the use of its new machine derive verb to originate or come from a specified source: Cheese and milk are derived from milk destination noun the place someone or something is going or being sent to: This is a popular destination for golfers display noun a collection of objects arranged for public viewing: There is a display of books on sale at the local library detach verb to disengage something or part of something and remove it: Can you detach this page from the book? display verb to show something to people or put it in a place where people can see it easily: Unique items are displayed in public auctions device noun a mechanical or electronic tool that is made or adapted to a particular purpose: This is a small device in which you can save data distinct adjective clearly different or belonging to a different type: Though similar, these are two distinct species of animals department noun a division of a large organisation such as a government, university, business or shop dealing with a specific subject, commodity or area of activity: The Language Arts department is on the first floor 52 distinctive adjective characteristic of one person or thing which serves to distinguish it from others: Tell me more about the distinctive features of this new invention earn verb to obtain money in return for labour or services: He earns more money than anyone else effective adjective successful, and working in the way that was intended: We need an effective solution before it is too late efficient adjective if someone or something is efficient, they work well without wasting time, money or energy: One efficient method to prepare for exams is to study on a daily basis elegance noun a refined quality of gracefulness and good taste: The style of this designer is known for its elegance e-marketing noun marketing of products or services over the Internet: Did the new e-marketing campaign succeed? embroider verb to decorate cloth by sewing patterns on it with thread: I asked her to embroider a design on one of my plain dresses embroidery noun a pattern sewn onto cloth: Despite its cultural value, people are growing less interested in embroidery emerge verb to move out of or away from something and come into view: He emerged from the fog like a shadow enable verb to make possible: This software program enables you to design on your computer enclosed adjective surrounded or closed off on all sides: The exhibition will be in an enclosed area enjoy verb to take delight or pleasure in an activity or occasion: I enjoy reading books ensure verb to make certain that something shall occur or be the case: Employees should their best to ensure customer satisfaction episode noun each of the separate instalments into which a serialised story or radio or television programme is divided: Today I will be watching the last episode of my favourite programme essential adjective absolutely necessary; extremely important: It is essential that you concentrate when preparing your income statements establish verb to set up an organisation, system or set of rules: This organisation was established in 1986 evaluation noun formation of an idea about the amount, number and value of something: The employee is anxious about his manager’s evaluation of his work exceptional adjective unusual; not typical: The manager allowed the employee to leave early because he was an exceptional case exchange verb give something and receive something in return: We exchanged phone numbers exciting adjective causing great enthusiasm and eagerness: What an exciting event! execute verb carry out or put into effect a plan, order or course of action: The corporation failed to execute the plan exert verb to apply force: Don’t exert too much pressure on fragile objects exhibition noun a public display of works of art or other items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair: What kind of exhibitions are you interested in? expense noun the money spent on something: He needs to cut down his expenses or else he will be in debt expertise noun special skills or knowledge in a particular subject, that you learn by experience or training: What he’s bringing to the company is financial expertise expiry date noun the date on which food, drink, medicine and other perishable items are considered unsuitable for sale or consumption: Check the expiry date before you buy any canned food expose verb to put someone in a situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasant: The report revealed that workers had been exposed to high levels of radiation extent noun the degree to which something has spread; the siz e or scale of something: Electric appliances have become important to people to a great extent extract verb to remove or take out, esp by effort or force: Coal is extracted from mines Extraction-Assist Robot noun a humanoid robot designed as a method for transporting wounded soldiers from the battlefield to safety: The shape and size of a battlefield Extraction-Assist Robot is similar to that of an adult male human being F fabric noun cloth, typically produced by weaving or knitting textile fibres: She didn’t get wet because her coat was made of waterproof fabric facilitate verb to make an action or a process easy: Buses facilitate transportation familiar with phrasal verb to have a good knowledge of: Make sure that you are familiar with the heating controls fashion show noun an event at which new styles of clothes are shown to the public: In a typical fashion show, models display the clothing created by the designer feature noun a distinctive attribute or aspect of something: This car has features which you will not find in other cars feedback noun information about reactions to a product, a person’s performance of a task, etc used as a basis for improvement: Teachers must always pay attention to the feedback they get during presentations felting machine noun a piece of equipment used to fuse fibres from one fabric into another base cloth: Many prefer felting by hand than using a felting machine field noun a subject that people study or an area of activity that they are involved in as part of their work: You are most happy at work when you work in a field of your interest financial plan noun a plan for spending and saving future income: A business should have clear financial plans 53 fire extinguisher noun a portable device that discharges a jet of water, foam, gas or other material to extinguish a fire: Drivers should make sure to carry fire extinguishers in their cars first aid noun help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available: Everyone must have some knowledge about first aid so they don’t panic in an emergency fit adjective of a suitable quality or standard to meet the required purpose: He is not fit for the position he was offered flammable adjective easily set on fire: Flammable materials should be kept away from fire focal adjective relating to the main point of interest: The focal point differs from one picture to another flyer noun a small leaflet which advertises an event or product: fliers were spread everywhere, yet few people attended the event focus noun centre of interest or activity: She was the focus of the event folk adjective relating to the traditional art or culture of a community or nation: I often listen to folk music forecast noun a prediction or estimate of future events, esp related to weather or a financial trend: I was listening to today’s weather forecast and they said it will be a sunny day fountain pen noun a pen with a reservoir or cartridge from which ink flows continuously to the nib: His fountain pen broke while he was writing freehand adjective drawn by hand without using any special tools: She draws wonderful freehand sketches freight noun goods that are carried by ship, train or aircraft and the system of moving these goods: We’ll send your personal belongings by air freight 54 frequent adjective done or occurring often: She should consult a doctor regarding her frequent headaches handle verb to control or manage commercially: This problem is difficult to handle fresh adjective relating to bright colours: This painting has fresh colours handrail noun a rail fixed to posts or a wall for people to hold onto for support: My nephew likes to slide down the handrail fringe noun an ornamental border of threads left loose or formed into tassels or twists, used to edge clothing or material: Almost all her clothes have fringes on them function noun an activity or purpose, natural to or intended for a person or thing: Literature has many social functions functional adjective designed to be useful rather than beautiful or attractive: This device has many functional uses G gadget noun a small, useful and cleverly-designed machine or tool: I would like to have that gadget you used for sharpening knives handy adjective useful: Answering machines are quite handy when no one is at home harmonious adjective forming a pleasing or consistent whole: The colours of their new living room are very harmonious havoc noun great confusion or disorder: The havoc of the demonstrators is beyond what I expected head noun the flattened or knobbed end of a nail, pin or screw: When you want to hammer a nail, make sure you hold its head firmly to the wall garment noun an item for clothing: I like pastel-coloured garments headband noun a band of fabric worn around the head as a decoration or to keep the hair or perspiration off the face: Some girls wear a headband when they have a facial mask generate verb to produce: There are many ways to generate electricity heavy adjective thick or solidly made: I bought a heavy new winter coat grocery noun food and other goods that are sold by a grocer or a supermarket: The property is within walking distance of the village grocery and post office hemline noun the level of the lower edge of a garment such as a skirt, dress or coat: The groom was wearing a long jacket with a lowered hemline at the back grout noun paste for filling the gaps between wall or floor tiles: We need to renew our bathroom tile grout high time idiom it should have happened long ago: It is high time you found a job H Hair-Washing Machine noun a machine designed for washing a person’s hair or means to assist in the washing of the hair: Many salons are using automatic HairWashing Machines handcraft noun a particular skill of making decorative objects by hand: She is skilful in making traditional handcrafts hire verb to pay money to borrow something for a short period of time: The best way to explore the island is to hire a car to employ someone for a short time to a particular job: Employers hire skilled people on fixed-term contracts host noun a computer connected to the Internet: The number of Internet hosts is increasing I identify verb to associate closely with: I identified myself with the hero of the movie ideogram noun a graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept: Examples of ideograms include signs, such as in airports and other environments where many people may not be familiar with the language of the place they are in illumination noun light or lighting: There was not enough illumination as there was supposed to be image pad noun drawing board: The drawings that he made on the image pad are fascinating impact noun the effect or influence of one person, thing or action on another: His speech left a serious impact on the audience implement verb to put a decision, plan, agreement, etc into action: We all agreed on the plan, but could implement nothing import verb to transfer data into a file or document: Have you imported the data from your computer to mine? impulse noun a sudden strong urge or desire to act: He had an impulse to hit him, but he managed to refrain from doing so in bulk expression if you buy goods in bulk, you buy large amounts each time you buy them: Sometimes buying in bulk is wasteful income noun money received, esp on a regular basis, for work or through investments: His income does not allow him to afford such an expensive car indifference noun lack of interest, concern or sympathy: Her indifference is rather surprising indispensable adjective unable to without: Computers have become indispensable in our lives inexpensive adjective not high in price; cheap: I don’t understand how such an item can be so inexpensive influence noun the capacity to have an effect on the character, development or behaviour of someone or something: He has great influence on his children ingredient noun one of the foods that you use to make a particular food or dish: Combine all the ingredients in a large bowl initial adjective existing or occurring at the beginning: First aid provides initial care until the patient is carried to a hospital interior adjective situated inside or within: The interior lighting system is nothing like the one I imagined intimidating adjective making you feel worried and not confident: Some people find interviews very intimidating J joint noun a structure in the human or animal body at which two parts of the skeleton are fitted together: Older people have a higher possibility of suffering from pains in the joints K keep away phrasal verb to prevent from coming close: Medicine must be kept away from children injury noun the instance of being injured; harm or damage: Is his injury as serious as it is thought to be? keep up with phrasal verb to learn about or be aware of current events or developments: You should keep up with recent events inquire verb to ask for information from someone or something: You can surf the Internet to inquire about anything you would like to know kettle noun pot used to heat water: The water in the kettle is boiling install verb to place or fix equipment, software or machinery in position ready for use: I need to install my new software so I can work on my computer instruction noun a direction or order: Read the instructions before you use any electrical appliance insufficient adjective not sufficient; lacking in what is necessary or required: The employee’s hard work was seen as insufficient integration noun the action of combining one thing with another so that they become a whole: The integration of plans gave better results interaction noun reciprocal action or influence: The interaction of cultures brings people closer together kneel verb to be in or to assume a position in which the body is supported by a knee or both knees: He knelt by the fire L label noun a piece of fabric sewn inside a garment and bearing the brand name, siz e or instructions for care: If you are allergic to wool, read the label before you buy clothes launch verb to introduce a new product or publication to the public for the first time: She will launch her seasonal collection laundry label noun a pictogram which represents a method of washing, for example drying, dry cleaning and ironing clothes: Laundry labels tell you the wash temperature layout noun the way in which writing and pictures are arranged on a page: Business letters have a different layout than ordinary ones 55 leaflet noun a printed sheet of paper containing information or an advert and usually distributed for free: You can get a discount on certain items if you show them the leaflet at the entrance of the store leftovers noun food that has not been eaten at the end of a meal: Put the leftovers in the fridge liable adjective likely to or say something or to behave in a particular way, esp because of a fault or natural tendency: This city is liable to flooding ligament noun a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilage or holds together a joint: There are many ways to help you avoid pain in your ligaments light bulb noun a glass bulb inserted into a socket in a ceiling, that provides light by passing an electric current through a pocket of inert gas: The broken light bulb needs to be replaced with a new one limited adjective restricted in siz e, amount or extent: Our offer is on limited items only line up phrasal verb to put together: Lay the pieces of fabric on a flat surface and line up the ends of the seam and the edges of the fabric linen noun garments or other household articles such as sheets made of linen: I asked her to change the plain linen collars lit adjective having a considerable amount of natural light: The streets are well lit at night location noun a particular place or position: Could you give me the building’s location? log off phrasal verb to terminate a connection to a computer or network: Please log off the computers before leaving long-term adjective occurring over or relating to a long period of time: Your long-term memory allows you to remember something for a long time 56 M machinery noun machines collectively: He has always been good at repairing machinery mail-order adjective selling of goods to customers by post, generally involving selection from a special catalogue: I rarely buy items through mail-order sales mailing list noun a collection of names and addresses used by an individual or an organisation to send material to multiple recipients: Business mailing lists contain company names and addresses for businesses nationwide maintain verb to preserve or retain: I’m glad he maintained his manners during the meeting manufacture verb to make something on a large scale using machinery: The firm’s aim was to manufacture high-quality goods mark noun a visible trace or impression, such as a line or spot: I hope the cut does not leave a mark market segment noun a group of people or organisations with one or more characteristics that cause them to demand similar products and / or services based on the qualities of those products such as price or function: Identifying and targeting unique market segments is essential in today’s competitive marketplace manual adjective done with the hands: I prefer manual sewing than sewing on a machine manual noun a book of instructions, esp for operating a machine or learning a subject: Use the manual instead of trying to guess how the machine works media noun the main means of mass communication, esp television, radio, newspapers and the Internet regarded collectively: The media has a great effect on viewers mental adjective relating to the mind: He is really good at mental maths messy adjective dirty and disorderly: My mum cannot tolerate my messy room any more microsafe adjective anything that is safe to put in the microwave: Make sure this bowl is microsafe before you put it in the microwave minimal adjective of a minimum amount, quantity or degree: A product would be more competitive when its production cost is minimal minor adjective lesser in importance, seriousness or significance: Do not worry about the minor details model number noun a series of numbers and letters stamped onto an equipment, identifying its style, dimensions, and other specifications: Model numbers make it easier for a salesperson to identify the item a customer is looking for monitor verb to check and observe: If you monitor your monthly expenditure, you will not be short of money at the end of the month monitor noun a television or part of a computer with a screen, on which you can see pictures or information: She was staring at her computer monitor mosaic noun a picture or pattern produced by arranging together small coloured pieces of hard material, such as stone, tiles or glass: These mosaics are very beautiful motif noun a decorative design or pattern: The motif on those costumes differs from one place to another mow verb to cut down an area of grass with a machine: I have to mow the lawn before the guests arrive multiple adjective numerous and often varied: You have multiple options N narrow fabric machine noun weaving machine which uses an electronically-controlled thread carrier or eye point needle instead of a shuttle: This company is famous for narrow fabric machines nausea noun a feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit: Nausea is a common symptom to many medical conditions neutral adjective having no strongly marked or positive characteristics or features: I expected him to get angry, but he had a neutral attitude nitroglycerin noun yellow liquid used in medicine to decrease blood pressure: Nitroglycerin must be used only by trained doctors novelty adjective something unusual, small and cheap that is often given as a present: He is looking for a selection of novelty items O obligation noun a duty or commitment: Reporting crimes is everyone’s obligation objective noun something that you are trying hard to achieve, esp in business or politics: Managers should set specific performance objectives for their teams obstacle noun a thing that blocks one’s way or prevents or hinders progress: There were many obstacles on his way out obstruct verb to be or to get in the way of: There was a huge rock in the middle of the road that obstructed the path of the cars occasion noun a particular time or instance of an event: I have met him on a previous occasion open up phrasal verb to make available: Travelling can open up new opportunities for many people opportunity noun a set of circumstances that makes it possible to something: This job will open up new opportunities for you package noun an object or group of objects wrapped in paper or plastic, or packed in a box: She bought a package of cosmetic products option noun the freedom, power or right to choose something: Our company offers many options for costumers palette noun the range or spectrum of colours or shapes available to the user: You have chosen a palette of suitable colours orally adverb by word of mouth: I had to answer the questions orally organic art noun an art form that emphasises an object alive in its own right: I didn’t expect you to enjoy an exhibition of organic art origin noun the place or situation in which something begins to exist: The word is French in origin original noun something serving as a model or basis for imitations or copies: Some texts are studied in the original ornament verb to adorn; to beautify: She ornamented the dull walls with beautiful paintings outing noun a trip taken for pleasure, esp one lasting a day or less: Would you be interested in an outing this weekend? outlet noun a point in an electrical circuit from which current may be drawn: Children must be kept away from electrical outlets overdo verb to exaggerate: He was trying to act naturally, but he was overdoing his part overload verb to overcharge an electrical system: Don’t overload the power sockets overspend verb to spend more money than you can afford: Yesterday, Ali overspent and he was left with very little money P pack verb to put something into a box or other container so that it can be moved, sold, or stored: My flight is in two hours and I have not packed yet Paper-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries noun ultra-thin batteries that could be used to power electronic newspapers: PaperBased Lithium-Ion Batteries are being used in many publishing houses participant noun a person who takes part in something: The participants were quite excited patchwork adjective needlework in which small pieces of cloth in different designs, colours or textures are sewed together: Her patchwork project was better than she had expected pathway noun a way that constitutes or serves as a path: The pathway needs to be kept clear at all times pattern noun a model or design used as a guide in needlework and other crafts: The designer had to change all his patterns since another designer released a collection very similar to them perceive verb to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way: People perceive the red light as a sign to stop perception noun the way you think about something and your idea of what it is like: We had very different perceptions on the same subject percentage noun an amount expressed as if it is part of a total which is 10: The percentage of school leavers that go to university is about five per cent permanent adjective continuing to exist for a long time or for all the time in the future : This situation must have a permanent solution 57 P erpetual Moti on D evice noun any device or system that perpetually produces more energy than it consumes, resulting in a net output of energy for indefinite time: P erpetual Mot ion D evices defy the common perception of physics persuade verb to cause someone to something through reasoning or argument: She persuaded me to go with her to the movies pesticide noun a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals: Excess use of pesticides causes soil and water pollution place an order expression to submit an order for a product: My secretary placed an order for a new computer phonetic adjective relating to speech sounds: The alphabet represents phonetic sounds pictogram noun a picture that represents a word or phrase: The early scripts of the Mediterranean civilisations used pictograms and hieroglyphs plug noun a device for making an electrical connection, esp between an appliance and a power supply: We simply needed to change a fuse in the plug plump up phrasal verb to shake or pat a cushion or pillow to adjust its stuffing and make it rounded and soft: She plumps up her pillows before going to bed polish verb to make something smooth, bright and shiny by rubbing it: Someone told her to polish her silverware with lemon portfolio noun a large, thin flat case for loose sheets of paper such as drawings or maps: He lost his portfolio of clients post noun a job: I hope you are enjoying your new post 58 posture noun a position of a person’s body when standing or sitting: Improper posture can give you pains in the back and the waist prestige adjective a prestige project, product etc is one of high quality that people respect you for having or being involved in: He drives a prestige car poultry noun birds such as chickens, turkeys, ducks or geese that are kept on farms in order to produce eggs and meat: He is seriously thinking about rearing poultry prestige advertising noun advertising designed to enhance the prestige of a company or a company’s products or services: This article is about prestige advertising power socket noun an electrical device receiving a plug or light bulb to make a connection: The new mobile can be used anywhere with a power socket to share 3G Internet access prevent verb to keep something from happening or arising: You can prevent accidents by taking precautions practicality noun the quality or state of being practical; to be mostly effective: An item’s practicality is an advantage that advertisements usually focus on prearranged escape plan noun a plan arranged or agreed upon beforehand or in advance when an accident happens: Students practised the prearranged escape plan in case of emergency precaution noun a measure taken in advance to prevent something dangerous, unpleasant or inconvenient from happening: Pr ecaution is a must when it comes to dangerous jobs predict verb to say or estimate that a specific thing will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something: He hadn’t prepared for the exam, so he predicted that he might fail the course premises noun a house or a building: The staircase of our premises is always safe prescribe verb to advise and authorise the use of a medicine or treatment for someone, esp in writing: Only doctors are authorised to prescribe medicine for people preset adjective set in advance: You don’t have to worry because we have a preset plan of action if something goes wrong preview noun anything that gives an advance idea or impression: A page preview shows you the page before being printed principal adjective main; most important: His principal reason for making the journey was to visit his family process noun a systematic series of mechanised operations that are performed in order to produce or manufacture something: You need to wait for the design processes to be finished before we continue working profession noun a paid occupation, esp one that involves prolonged training and a formal qualification: Not all people can be successful in the profession of teaching profit noun money that you gain by selling things or doing business after your costs have been paid: The company has made so much profit as a result of their new strategies promote verb to help sell a new product, film, etc by offering it at a reduced price or by advertising it: She’s in London to promote her new book promotion noun the activity intended to help sell a product, through adverts using the media: Many are waiting for the winter sales promotion the action of raising someone to a higher position or rank: He truly deserves the promotion he received prospect noun a person regarded as a potential customer or subscriber to something; The opinion of prospects is very important to our company prove verb to demonstrate one’s abilities: She proved herself worthy of the post publicity noun the notice or attention given to someone or something by the media: The publicity around this movie is just tremendous purchase verb to buy something: You have a couple of days to replace the item you purchased pushy adjective excessively or unpleasantly self-assertive or ambitious: It is a mistake to hire pushy assistants in stores put up phrasal verb to display a notice, sign or poster: When was the poster put up? R radio waves noun a form of electric energy that can move through air or space: Radio waves are being used in the treatment of cancer range noun a set of different things of the same general type: You have a wide range of options to choose from raw adjective uncooked: I don’t eat raw meat Raytheon’ s X O S Exoskeleton noun a robotic suit that allows the user to lift 20 pounds hundreds of time without exhaustion: Raytheon’ s X O S Exoskeleton has been nominated to win an award readership noun the readers of a newspaper, magazin e or book regarded collectively: Readership differs from one country to another realisation noun when you understand something that you had not understood before: The realisation of the economic crisis is inevitable realistic adjective judging and dealing with situations in a practical way according to what is actually possible rather than what you would like to happen: We need to have a realistic plan to achieve our objectives recognise verb to know who someone is or what something is, because you have seen, heard, experienced or learned about it in the past: No one could recognise her after the surgery reputation noun the opinion that people have about someone or something because of what has happened in the past: Gossips were not believed because he has such a good reputation req uire verb to need something for a particular purpose: A valid passport is req uired for travelling anywhere recurring adjective repeated: Recurring pains should not be neglected respirator noun an apparatus worn over the mouth and nose or the entire face to prevent the inhalation of dust, smoke or other noxious substances: All ambulances are equipped with respirators refl ect verb to embody or represent something in an appropriate way: The company’s reputation refl ects much about it resuscitation noun reviving someone from unconsciousness: It was the first time that I have ever seen a resuscitation register verb to put someone’s or something’s name on an official list: I want to know where I can register for this course retailer noun a person who sells goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale: In the play, I took the role of a retailer relaxed adjective feeling calm, comfortable and not worried or annoyed: She looks very relaxed despite all the work she has release verb to make available for general viewing or purchase: Designers are getting ready to release their new collection relieve verb to lessen the cause of pain, distress or difficulty: The medication can relieve pain almost instantly rely verb to depend on: You can rely on this machine for desired results renovation noun restoring something old, esp a building, to a good state of repair: Our house is under renovation at the moment report verb to give a spoken or written account of something that one has observed, heard, done, or investigated: The witness reported the incident in all its details representative noun someone who has been chosen to speak, vote or make decisions for someone else: The representative of the company will be late for the meeting revolutionary adjective completely new and different, esp in a way that leads to great improvements: The new cancer drug is a revolutionary breakthrough right noun a moral or legal entitlement to have or obtain something or to act in a certain way: You should be aware of your rights and duties rob verb to take property unlawfully from a person or place by force: Surveillance cameras caught who robbed the bank robust adjective strong in construction: Our safe is quite robust and well-hidden rollover noun the overturning of a vehicle: The rollover on the highway caused an awful traffic routine noun a sequence of actions regularly followed: He has not changed his routine for the past ten years rug noun a floor covering of woven material, typically not extending over the entire floor: This rug has been in my family for generations 59 run verb to be in charge of: What kind of a business you run? S sample noun a small part or quantity intended to show what the whole is like: Samples of blood are tested while preparing medical reports satisfy verb to fulfil a desire or need: Some clients are not easy to satisfy save verb to use less money, time, energy, etc in order not to waste any: How can anyone save money if his expenditure exceeds his income savings noun an amount of money that you have not spent or used: I deposited my savings in a bank scanned adjective an image obtained by scanning: I asked her for the scanned document scheme noun an official plan that is intended to help people in some way, for example by providing education or training: We need a new scheme for environmental development sculpture noun an object made out of stone, wood, clay, etc by an artist: Rome is full of sculptures seal verb to fasten or close securely: He sealed the envelope and sent it by post seam line noun the straight or curved line on which the stitches should be formed: If your seam lines are uneven, your garment won’t hang properly segment noun each of the parts into which something is or may be divided: Lines can be divided into segments server noun the main computer on a network, which controls all the others: The server’s down again showroom noun a room used to display goods for sale, such as appliances, cars or furniture: They could extinguish the fire before it burnt more furniture on display in the showroom shrink verb to become smaller as a result of being immersed in water: My T-shirt shrank after i washed it with hot water shuttle weaving machine noun electrically-controlled weaving machine that weaves tight warps and wefts: The employees will be trained on how to use a shuttle weaving machine sign up phrasal verb to commit oneself to a period of employment or education or to some other undertaking: I didn’t have time to sign up for the training sessions signage noun signs collectively, esp public display signs: Pay attention to the signage on your way home signal noun a gesture, action, or sound that is used to convey information or instructions, typically by prearrangement between the parties concerned: Wait for the policeman’s signal before you drive significant adjective sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention; noteworthy: She had won a significant amount of money site noun a place where a particular event or activity is occurring or has occurred: I can show you a wonderful camping site skepticism noun a doubting or questioning attitude or state of mind: A reasonable amount of cynicism and skepticism is a healthy thing sketch noun a rough or unfinished drawing or painting, often made to assist in making a more finished picture: Show me the primary sketch of the drawing sketch verb to make a rough drawing of: He is sketching designs on his drawing pad 60 sleeve noun the part of a garment that wholly or partly covers a person’s arm: He rolled up his sleeves and started working slightly adverb to a small degree; inconsiderably: Move slightly to the right slip verb to slide unintentionally for a short distance, typically losing one’s balance or footing: He slipped while he was stepping onto a bus slippery adjective (of a surface or object) difficult to hold firmly or stand on because it is smooth or wet: You will probably fall if you walk on slippery ice slit noun a long, narrow cut or opening: The students were asked to make a slit in the stem while studying plants slogan noun a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising: We should think of a creative slogan for the campaign software noun the program and other operating information used by a computer: I couldn’t use this software on my computer sound verb to convey a specified impression: The book sounds interesting spare adjective additional to what is required for use in special situations or circumstances: My sister has a spare key which she can lend me specific adjective precise and clear in making statements or issuing instructions: Support your answer with specific details from the book sprain verb to damage a joint in your body by suddenly twisting it: She is always careful when wearing heels so she does not sprain her ankles spray verb to force liquid out of a container so that it comes out in a stream of very small drops and covers an area: He sprayed the plants with some water to keep them fresh stabilise verb to make or become stable: The company will stabilise its shaky situation with adequate measures stitch count noun number of stitches per inch: Stitch count is essential in completing embroidery design symbolism noun the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities: The symbolism of colours differs from one country to another stability noun the condition of being steady and not changing: All countries aim at achieving economic stability stock up phrasal verb to build up a supply of something: You better stock up firewood before the first snowstorm sympathy noun understanding and feeling what other people are feeling: Women often show their sympathy towards others staff noun all the people employed by a particular organisation: We have enough staff to finish the project on time store verb to retain or enter information for future electronic retrieval: You should store all your data on a disk symptom noun something wrong with your body or mind which shows that you have a particular illness: Frequent sneezing is one of the symptoms of flu staircase noun a set of stairs and its surrounding walls or structure: There is a grand staircase leading to the first floor strain noun an injury to a muscle or part of your body that is caused by using it too much: Strains can be quite painful T stand for phrasal verb to represent: SYP stands for Syrian Pound sturdy adjective strongly and solidly built: The car was so sturdy that it was barely damaged stand hire noun arrangement in which you pay a sum of money to borrow stands for a short time: What does stand hire cost? suggestion noun something that implies or indicates a certain fact or situation: None of his suggestions were logical stand walls noun wall sections which are normally made of wooden frames where you can attach posters, paintings, etc: There were less stand walls at the exhibition than what I expected to find suit noun a set of clothes to be worn on a particular occasion or for a particular activity: He wore a very elegant suit for his sister’s wedding starter noun a small amount of food eaten at the start of a meal before the main part: We had soup as a starter steam engine noun an engine that uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to generate power: The steam engine left many people unemployed when it was first invented steam iron noun an electric iron that emits steam from holes in its flat surface: Don’t use a steam iron without filling it with water supplies noun the provisions and equipment necessary for people engaged in a particular project: We don’t have enough supplies to finish this project supplying noun the activity of supplying or providing something: How would he benefit from supplying the company with such an amount of money? surf verb to move from site to site on the Internet: I spent hours surfing the Internet trying to find some interesting information for my research tablet noun a small flat pellet of medication to be taken orally: Aspirin tablets can work wonders! tack noun a small nail with a sharp point and a flat top: Remove that tack before you step on it and hurt yourself tailoring noun the work of making men’s clothes or the style in which they are made: Tailoring nowadays is not as common as it used to be target verb to make something have an effect on a particular limited group or area: Advertisements target a specific audience who may be interested in the given item tariff noun a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports: The tariff on certain items will be reduced to encourage trade between countries tassel noun a tuft of loosely hanging threads, cords or other material knotted at one end and attached for decoration to home furnishings, clothing or other items: She didn’t like the tassels hanging from her clothes steep adjective rising or falling sharply: She almost fell down a steep cliff susceptible adjective likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing: Wearing light clothes makes you susceptible to catching a cold tend verb if something tends to happen, it happens often and is likely to happen again: Students tend to be nervous during exams sterilise verb to make something free from bacteria or other living micro-organisms: Tools that are used during surgical operations are always sterilised swap verb to give something to someone and get something in return: Do you want to swap umbrellas? tessera noun a small block of stone, tile, glass or other material used in the construction of a mosaic: Everyone agreed we should use sandstone for the coloured tesserae 61 textile noun type of clothing or woven fabric: You have a fascinating range of textiles you can choose from texture noun the character or appearance of a textile fabric as determined by the arrangement and thickness of its threads: Curtains are usually made from textiles of thick texture theme noun a setting or ambiance given to an activity: They chose an Eastern theme for the event thread noun a long, thin strand of cotton, nylon or other fibres used in sewing or weaving: You can use colourful threads in embroidery three-dimensional adjective having or appearing to have length, breadth and depth: Some designers work on threedimensional software programs while designing their new collection tight adjective limited or restricted: He can’t pay his bills because he claims that his money is tight tip noun a small but useful piece of practical advice: I read about useful tips that I can use in my job trans-seasonal noun over or beyond seasons: Trans-seasonal clothing has become a must due to climate change transform verb to make a thorough or dramatic change in the form, appearance or character of: A coat of paint can transform an entire room transport verb to take goods from one place to another in a vehicle: We need to transport the goods as soon as possible Tread-Walk noun kinematic walking new vehicle with active velocity control of treadmill: The Tread-Walk shares common advantages with a treadmill trend noun a fashion: She is always up-to-date with the world’s fashion trends 62 tumble dry verb to dry wash clothes by spinning them in hot air inside a dryer: Do not tumble dry certain clothes or they may shrink U unconscious adjective lacking awareness and the capacity for sensory perception as if asleep or dead: The stranger hit him and knocked him unconscious unique adjective being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else: She has a unique way of designing her clothes unpredictable adjective not able to be predicted or known: The weather has become so unpredictable lately that I always carry an umbrella with me upright adverb in a vertical position: Sitting upright is one of the ways to avoid pains in the back V vaccine noun a substance which contains a weak form of the bacteria or virus that causes a disease and is used to protect people from that disease: I was reading about a new vaccine that prevents many types of dangerous diseases various adjective different from one another; of different kinds or sorts: Dresses come in various shapes and sizes vary verb to differ in siz e, amount, degree or nature from something else of the same general class: The price of this item varies from one store to another veil noun a piece of fine material worn by women to protect or conceal the face: She was wearing a white bridal veil via preposition by means of: Send me this file via e-mail up-to-date adjective including all the latest information and following the latest trends: Her designs are always up-to-date video editing noun the process of manipulating and rearranging video shots: I know someone who can help you with your video editing update verb to add the most recent information to something: Don’t forget to update your website regarding your recent designs visual adjective related to seeing or sight: She has a magnificent visual memory upholstery noun the art or practice of fitting soft, padded textile covering that is fixed to furniture such as armchairs and sofas: I know someone very good at upholstery; I think he can a great job with your armchairs Visually Impaired Assistant (VIA) noun a device aiming to help people who can’t see find a simpler way to get around: The device called Visually Impaired Assistant (VIA) is a revolutionary invention USB port (Universal Serial Bus) noun any socket on a personal computer or peripheral device into which a U SB cable is plugged: A single USB port can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices, such as mice, modems and keyboards W utensil noun an implement, container or other article, esp for household use: You need to throw away all your old kitchen utensils and buy new ones wealthy adjective having a great deal of money, resources or assets; rich: You can tell if someone is wealthy by the car he drives weaving machine noun a machine that makes cloth, carpets, baskets, etc by crossing threads or thin pieces under and over each other by hand or on a loom: You cannot expect me to learn how to use a weaving machine as easily as that welcoming adjective someone who is welcoming is friendly when you arrive in a place: She has a welcoming smile well-priced adjective something with a suitable price: I did not buy anything because nothing was well-priced wholesaler noun someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells to merchants rather than to the ultimate customers: The wholesaler is asking for unreasonable prices wick noun a long piece of material in an oil lamp, that sucks up oil so that the lamp can burn: Maybe you need to change the wick so the lamp would give proper light word-of-mouth expression the passing of information from person to person: Word-ofmouth marketing is sometimes more efficient than other forms of marketing wound noun an injury, esp one in which the skin or another external surface is torn, pierced, cut or otherwise broken: I hope his wounds are not serious ones wrap verb to cover or enclose someone or something in paper or soft material: She wrapped the baby with a warm blanket before going out Y yarn noun spun thread used for knitting, weaving or sewing: The pattern of the yarn is oldfashioned 63 حقوق التوزيع في اجلمهورية العربية السورية محفوظة للمؤسسة العامة للطباعة 322 Old Brompton Road, London SW5 9JH, England Maktabat El Nashr El Tarbawi El Souri (Syrian Educational Publishers) Omar El Mukhtar 2nd Str., Bldg El Mazraa, Damascus-Syria Phone: (011) 44676789 Fax: (011) 44676788 e-mail: info@syrianep.com website: www.syrianep.com Reprinted 2014 © York Press 2011 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers 64 English for Starters, Vocational Stream – Girls’ English for Starters, Vocational Stream – Girls’, is an English language course that was specially written for vocational / girls’ secondary schools in Syria The course progresses from an intermediate level of English in Grade 10 to an advanced level of English in Grade 12 The book introduces students to concepts in practical girls’ skills; it assumes no prior knowledge of these skills on the part of students and teachers The course aims to review and consolidate the language and skills learnt at previous levels and equip students for their future foreign language needs in the following areas: language skills (reading, listening, speaking and writing), grammar, vocabulary and practical girls’ skills It enables students to perform routine tasks at work and to take part in social interaction Components: Students’ Book Activity Book including a glossary Teacher’s Book Audio CD ﻝﺱ١١٥ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ