Công nghệ winmax và kỹ thuật mino

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI - NGUYN TH HO CễNG NGH WINMAX V K THUT MINO LUN VN THC S KHOA HC Chuyờn ngnh : in t vin thụng NGI HNG DN KHOA HC : NGUYN V THNG H Ni 2007 i MC LC MC LC i THUT NG VIT TT iv Kí HIU vii DANH MC CC BNG viii DANH MC CC HèNH V ix LI NểI U xii CHNG 1: TNG QUAN CễNG NGH WIMAX .1 1.1 Ngun gc v s i chun WiMAX 1.1.1 T chc WiMAX Forum 1.1.2 Lch s WIMAX 1.1.3 Khỏi nim WIMAX 1.2 Mụ t lp vt lý 1.2.1 Truyn lan LOS v NLOS 1.2.2 Ch truyn dn 1.2.3 S quỏ trỡnh truyn - nhn tin 1.2.4 OFDM Symbol .12 1.2.5 iu ch v mó húa thớch ng 13 1.2.6 Cu trỳc khung lp vt lớ 15 1.3 Mụ t lp MAC 16 1.3.1 Mụ hỡnh tham chiu 16 1.3.1.1 Lp hi t dch v riờng SSCS .17 1.3.1.2 Lp MAC CPS 20 b Quỏ trỡnh xõy dng MAC PDU 802.16 24 1.3.1.3 Lp bo mt (Subsercurity layer) 25 1.3.2 C ch cp phỏt v yờu cu bng thụng 26 1.3.3 Quỏ trỡnh thit lp kt ni 27 1.3.4 Cht lng dch v 802.16 .29 1.4 Kin trỳc mng WiMAX 32 ii 1.4.1 Mng dch v truy nhp ASN .37 1.4.2 Mng dch v kt ni CSN .37 1.4.3 Cu hỡnh mng 38 1.4.4 Cu hỡnh im a im PMP 38 1.4.5 Cu hỡnh mt li MESH 39 1.4.6 Quỏ trỡnh vo mng 40 2.1 Gii thiu chung .43 2.2 u im ca h thng MIMO 43 2.3 Mụ hỡnh h thng MIMO 44 2.4 Dung lng kờnh MIMO 46 2.5 Kờnh khụng c bit phớa phỏt .47 2.6 Kờnh c bit phớa phỏt 48 2.7 Kờnh xỏc nh (cỏc phn t H c nh trc) 49 2.7.1 H thng SIMO 49 2.7.2 H thng MISO 50 2.8 Kờnh ngu nhiờn 51 2.8.1 Dung lng Ergodic 51 2.8.2 Dung lng outage 53 2.9 So sỏnh hiu nng cỏc h thng MIMO vi h thng khụng MIMO 55 2.10 nh hng ca cỏc tham s vt lớ lờn dung lng kờnh MIMO .57 2.10.1 nh hng ca s tng quan fading 57 2.10.2 nh hng ca ng truyn trc tip LOS 59 CHNG K THUT MIMO S DNG TRONG WIMAX 62 3.1 Gii thiu chung .62 3.2 Anten thớch ng (Adapter Anten System) 62 3.3 So sỏnh MIMO v AAS WiMAX 64 3.4 Mó húa khụng gian thi gian MIMO 67 3.4.1 Mó húa khụng gian thi gian Alamouti 68 3.4.1.1 Kt hp t l cc i (MRC) 68 iii 3.4.1.2 S Alamouti anten phỏt v anten thu 71 3.4.1.3 S Alamouti hai anten phỏt vi nr anten thu .74 3.4.1.4 Hiu nng ca s Alamouti 76 3.4.2 Mó khụng gian thi gian (STBC) .80 3.4.2.1 Mó húa STBC vi tớn hiu thc 81 3.4.2.2 Mó húa STBC vi tớn hiu phc 83 3.4.2.3 Hiu nng ca STBC .85 3.5 Ghộp kờnh khụng gian .87 3.5.1 K thut phõn chia giỏ tr n 88 3.5.2 Dung lng ca kờnh SVD MIMO 91 3.5.3 Cỏc b phỏt LST: cỏc loi mó húa 94 3.5.4 Cỏc b thu ghộp kờnh khụng gian: 98 3.5.5 So sỏnh gia cỏc b thu 104 3.6 La chn ch MIMO thớch ng 106 3.7 Xu hng phỏt trin 108 KT LUN .110 TI LIU THAM KHO .111 iv THUT NG VIT TT T vit Tờn ting Anh Tờn ting Vit tt AAA Authentication authorization &Account Nhn thc, cp phộp v lp ti khon AAS Adaptive Antenna System H thng anten thớch ng ACI Adjacent Cell Interference Nhiu ụ lõn cn ASN Access Service Network Mng dch v truy nhp AM Adaptive Modulation iu ch thớch ng AOA Angle Of Arrival Gúc ti AOD Angle Of Departure Gúc xut phỏt AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise Tp õm Gauss trng cng BE Best Effort Dch v n lc tt nht BER Bit Error Rate T l li bớt BLAST Bell Labs Layered Space-time Kin trỳc khụng gian thi gian phõn architecture lp ca phũng thớ nghim Bell BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying Khúa dch pha nh phõn BS Base Station Trm gc BTC Block Turbo Code Mó Turbo CCI Co channel Interference Nhiu ng kờnh CDF Cumulative Distribution Function Hm phõn b tớch ly CDMA Code Division Multiple Access a truy nhp phõn chia theo mó CID Connection Identifier Nhn dng kt ni CP Cyclic Prefix Tin t tun hon CPE Customer Premises Equipment Thit b truyn thụng cỏ nhõn CPS Common Part Sublayer Lp phn chung CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check Kim tra d vũng tun hon CSI Channel State Information Thụng tin trng thỏi kờnh CTC Concatenated Turbo Code Mó Turbo xon DCD Downlink Channet Descriptor Miờu t kờnh ng xung DFT Discrete Fourier Transform Bin i Fourier ri rc DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Giao thc cu hỡnh Host ng DL Downlink ng xung v DLFP Downlink Frame Preamble Tin t khung ng xung DPS Delay Power Spectrum Ph cụng sut tr FDD Frequence Division Mutiplexing Ghộp kờnh phõn chia theo tn s FEC Forward Error Correct Hiu chnh li trc FFT Fast Fourier Transform Chuyn i Fourier nhanh HCS Header Check Sequence Th t kim tra tiờu HT Header Type Loi tiờu ICI Inter Carrier Interference Nhiu gia cỏc súng mang IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform Bin i Fourier nhanh o ISI Inter Symbol Interference Nhiu gia cỏc ký hiu LOS Line of Sight Tm nhỡn thng LSB Least Significant Bit Bit ớt ý ngha nht MA Multiple Access a truy nhp MAC Medium Access Control iu khin truy nhp phng tin MAN Metropolitan Area Network Mng vựng thnh th MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output Nhiu u v nhiu u MISO Multiple Input Single Output Nhiu u vo mt u ML Maximum Likelihood Kh ging cc i MMSE Minimum Mean Square Error Sai li bỡnh phng trung bỡnh cc tiu MQAM Multilevel-QAM QAM nhiu mc MS Mobile Station Trm di ng MSB Most Significant Bit Bớt nhiu ý ngha nht NLOS Non Light of Sight Tm nhỡn khụng thng NNI Network Network Interface Giao din mng mng NRP Normalized Received Power Cụng sut thu chun húa OFDM Orthogonal Frequence Division Ghộp kờnh phõn chia theo tn s trc Multiplexing giao OFDMA Orthogonal Frequence Division a truy nhp phõn chia theo tn s Multiple Access trc giao PDF Probability Density Function Hm mt xỏc sut PDP Power Delay Profile Lý lch tr cụng sut PDU Protocol Data Unit n v d liu giao thc PEP Pairwise Error Probability Xỏc sut li cp vi PKM Privacy Key Management Qun lớ khúa bo mt PMP Point to Multipoint im a im PS Physical Slot Khe vt lý QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation iu ch biờn cu phng QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Khúa chuyn pha cu phng RDS Root mean square Delay Spread Tri tr trung bỡnh quõn phng rms Root mean square Trung bỡnh quõn phng RTG Receive Transition Gap Khong trng chuyn giao u thu SAP Service Access Point im truy nhp dch v SE Spectrum Efficiency Hiu sut ph tn SER Symbol Error Rate T l li ký hiu SFID Service Flow Identifier Nhn dng lung dch v SIMO Single Input Multiple Output Mt u vo nhiu u SIR Signal to Interference Ratio T s tớn hiu trờn nhiu SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio T s tớn hiu trờn nhiu cng õm SISO Single Input Single Output Mt u vo mt u SNR Signal to Noise Ratio T s tớn hiờu trờn õm SS Subscriber Station Trm thuờ bao SSCS Specify Services Convergence Sublayer Lp hi t cỏc dch v riờng STBC Space Time Block Code Mó khụng gian thi gian STC Space Time Code Mó khụng gian thi gian SVD Singular Value Decomposition Phõn chia giỏ tr n TDD Time Division Duplex Song cụng phõn chia TTG Transmit Transition Gap Khong trng chuyn giao u phỏt UCD Uplink Channet Descriptor Miờu t kờnh ng lờn UGS Unsolicited Grant Service Dch v cp phỏt khụng kt hp UL Uplink ng lờn UNI User Network Interface Giao din ngi s dng mng WAN Wide Area Mng din rng WLAN Wireless LAN Mng LAN khụng dõy WMAN Wireless MAN Mng MAN khụng dõy XOR Exclusive Hm cng modul ZF Zero Forcing Cng bc v khụng vii Kí HIU |a| ln ca a A+ Ma trn gi o Moore Penrose ca A AF Chun Frobenius ca ma trn A AH Ma trn chuyn v phc ca A AT Ma trn chuyn v ca A C Dung lng ES Nng lng ký hiu thu ( x) Hm Dirac Det(A) nh thc ma trn A Diag(a1, a2, an) Ma trn ng chộo nxn Hot ng mong mun f(x) Hm phõn phi xỏc sut ca bin ngu nhiờn x F(x) Hm phõn phi tớch ly ca x Im Ma trn nht phõn kớch thc mxm K Tha s K kờnh Rice Pe Xỏc sut li r(A) Hng ma trn A R Trng s thc Tr(A) Dũ theo A (x)+ c nh ngha l: Z Trng s nguyờn x if x 0, x R if x i j= i (3.67) Thut toỏn V-BLAST ZF c mụ t nh sau: Khi u: G1=H+ : Tỡm ma trn kh o ca H (3.68a) i=1 Hi quy: k i = arg (Gi )j : Tỡm tớn hiu tt nht tỏch (3.68b) w ki = (G i )k i : Tỡm ma trn nulling (3.68c) y ki = w Tki ri : Nulling giao thoa (3.68d) a ki = Q (y ki ) : c tớnh tớn hiu (3.68e) jẽ {k1 ki- } ri+ = ri - a ki (H)ki (3.63g) : Loi b thnh phn ó tỏch vector tớn hiu thu 103 Gi+ = Hki : Cp nht ma trn kh o i=i+1 (3.68f) (3.68g) ú H+ ký hiu cho gi o Moore-Pensore ca H, (Gi)j l hng th j ca Gi, Q(.) l mt b lng t n im tớn hiu gn nht, (H)ki ký hiu cho ct th ki ca H, Hk_ ký hiu cho ma trn nhn c bng cỏch xúa v khụng cỏc ct k1, k2,,ki i v H+k ký hiu cho gi o ca H i g B thu V-BLAST MMSE (OSUC MMSE) OSUC c kt hp vi thut toỏn MMSE t hiu nng tt hn so vi phng phỏp kt hp ZF v OSUC B thu MMSE kh nhiu c giao thoa v õm, trỏi vi b thu ZF ch loi b cỏc thnh phn giao thoa iu ny ch rng li trung bỡnh bỡnh phng gia cỏc kớ hiu phỏt v c tớnh phớa thu c ti thiu Bi vy, b thu MMSE t hiu nng tt hn b thu ZF cú mt õm Thut toỏn V-BLAST MMSE c mụ t nh sau: Khi u: i1 r1=r ( G1 = H H H + I nt k1 = arg j ( Gi ) j ) HH Hi quy: w k1 = ( Gi )k i yki = w r T ki i ( ) aki = Q yki ri +1 = ri aki ( H )k i ( Gi +1 = H H i + I nt H i ) ( Gi +1 ) j j{k , , k } ki +1 = arg i = i +1 i H iH 104 Vi l phng sai ca õm ngu nhiờn Gausse phc vi trung bỡnh l khụng Th t tỏch súng õy da theo t s SINR 3.5.5 So sỏnh gia cỏc b thu T cỏc kt qu trờn, ta cú c kt qu túm tt cỏc c im hiu nng ca cỏc b thu cho ghộp kờnh khụng gian khỏc iu ny c th hin qua bng 3.6 nh sau: Bng 6: Cỏc c im hiu nng ca cỏc b thu cho s SM [6] B thu Bc phõn S tn hi SNR ZF nr-nt+1 Cao MMSE nr-nt+1 Thp SUC nr-nt+1 Thp OSUC > nr-nt+1,