Giao an on tap he anh 6

41 323 0
Giao an on tap he anh 6

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống

Thông tin tài liệu

Ôn tập cho học sinh: + Cách chia động từ Tobe + Cách thành lập danh từ số nhiều + Cách phát âm danh từ và động từ có đuôi ses. + Các thì hiện tại cơ bản + Adj adv + Mạo từ, giới từ + Động từ khuyết thiếu..... ...............................

Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan THE VERB “TOBE” I Aims -Giúp HS hiểu động từ TOBE thường -Cuối bài,học sinh áp dụng lý thuyết để làm tập II.Teaching aids:white board III.Content: I Content GRAMMAR:(15’) T&STS’activities -T set the scene and give the model *Model sentences: sentences/Sts listen I am a student -Read in chorus/ He is Nam Individually We are fine -T explains about TOBE/Sts listen and *Form: copy a Câu khẳng định.= The positive form +form I + am =I’m + tên riêng / tính từ / danh từ +mean He / She / It + is =’s (nếu số it có mạo từ +notes “a / an or the”) You / We / They + are =’re b Câu nghi vấn ( Đưa tobe lên trước chủ ngữ) Are + you / they / (we) .? Yes, I am/we/they are No,I/we/they+ be + not Is + he / she / it ? Yes, he / she/it is No,he / she / it is not - Wh-questions: How (old) + be + S?, What + be + your/his… name(s)? Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan c Câu phủ định ( thêm ‘not’ sau động từ tobe) I + am not + tên riêng / tính từ / danh từ ( số it He / She / It + is not có mạo từ “a /an or the”) You / We / They + are not Notes: -Dạng viết tắt:I am = I’m He is=he’s Is not =isn’t You are=you’are Are not=aren’t - Động từ “be” có nghĩa “thì,là ,ở” tình trạng chủ ngữ, động từ chia theo ngôi.Sau tobe N/ADJ/NAME - Dùng tình sau: giới thiệu thân, hỏi tên người đó, hỏi thăm sức khỏe, hỏi tuổi tác -Hangs the poster II.EXERCISES: -T explains clearly Ex1: Supply the correct form of the Verbs: (10’) -T does the first as a model and explại the rules for this kind of exercise How old you (be) ? 1.How old are you? You (be) fine? -Limits time This (be) Phong ? -Gets feedback and corrects the He ( not be) a doctor mistakes They (not be) teachers Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan Ex2: Dùng từ gợi ý sau để đặt câu hoàn chỉnh:(10’) EX4: My mother / be / tall This (be) my friend , Lan What / be / his name /? She (be) nice ? The children / be / fine They (not be) students The children / be / good students He (be) fine today Her name / not be / Hung My brother (not be ) a doctor Where / he / be / from / ? You (be) Nga ? Yes, I (be) Nga / be / a new student / ? The children (be) in their class now This / be / my father They (be) workers ? – No, They (not You / be / Hoa / ? be) 10 How / you / be / today / ? Her name (be) Linh Ex3: Chuyển câu sau sang câu phủ định 10 How you (be) ? – We (be) fine, nghi vấn trả lời YES NO:(15’) thanks That is a pen The book is on the table Nam and Ba are very well He is a doctor The children are good students Thu is pretty She is in her classroom They are tall It is hot 10.My name is Lan Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan THE PLURAL NOUNS: I.AIMS: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to get more practice the numbers and understand single Nouns and plural Nouns to use them II.TEACHING AIDS: -White boards III.CONTENT: PERIOD 1: T&Sts’activities -T explains the rules and write on I Cách thành lập danh từ số nhiều(20’) - Thông thường danh từ số nhiều có thêm S the board/Sts listen and copy cuối a book ( sách) books ( sách) a table ( bàn ) tables ( bàn ) - Những danh từ tận : o, ch, s, x, sh, z : ta thêm “es” a bus buses ( xe buýt) a couch couches ( ghế sa lông dài) - Những danh từ tận Y có trường hợp xãy ra: - Y đứng sau phụ âm đổi Y thành i thêm es a city cities ( thành phố ) a family families ( gia đình ) - Y đứng sau chữ nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i ) thêm s phía sau a key keys ( chìa khóa ) Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan a boy boys ( cậu bé ) - Danh từ tận f fe, ta đổi f fe thành v sau thêm es vào a knife knives ( dao) ; a leaf leaves ( lá) - Danh từ tận nguyên âm o đứng trước phụ âm ta thêm es vào a potato potatoes ( củ khoai tây ) a tomato tomatoes ( cà chua ) - Danh từ tận nguyên âm o đứng trước nguyên âm ta thêm s: a kangaroo kangaroos ( chuộc túi ) a radio radios ( máy rađiô) - Một số danh từ thành lập số nhiều có dạng đổi đặc biệt: a woman women (những người đàn bà ) a man men ( người đàn ông ) a child children ( đứa trẻ ) a mouse mice ( chuột ) a tooth teeth ( ) a foot feet ( bàn chân ) a groose greese ( ngổng ) a person people ( người ) an ox oxen ( bò ) II Cách phát âm: Cách phát âm danh từ tận s, es • Chữ s phát âm /s/ danh từ có âm tận là: k, f, p, t, th /s/: Books , streets • Chữ s phát âm /iz/ danh từ có tận chữ cái: s, x, sh, ch, ce, ge, z Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan / iz/: Couches , kisses, taxes, classes sentences watches • Chữ s phát âm /z/; loại trừ trường hợp nói lại: /z/: plays, teachers, rulers, Chú ý: es thêm vào danh từ có tận phụ âm + y ta phát âm es /z/ /z/: City cities ; story stories ; family families II.EXERCISE: EX 1: Choose the word that has the underlined letter (S) pronounced differently from the rest: (Chọn từ gạch chân chữ (s) phát âm khác với từ lại )(15’) a plays b reads c listens d stops a caves b marks c exams d days a tells b cooks c talks d looks a babies b berries c kisses d stories a goes b washes c misses d hisses EX2 :Sắp xếp từ sau theo cách phát âm: (10’) Languages-televisions-chairs-tables-couchesdesks-stools-lamps-telephones-sentences /s/ /z/ /iz/ desks EX3.Change singular nouns into plural nouns a book → an eraser→ a bookself→ a student→ a lamp→ a couch→ a bench→ a class → a person→ 10 a teacher→ Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan Period 3: I ARTICLES (a / an / the ) + QUESTIONS Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to get more practice and know how to use the articles Review some Wh-questions II.Content : Content I.Grammar: T&sts’activities -T gives the theory Articles: -Ask sts to copy in their books - a / an: indefinite articles,go with singular Noun.And stand before the N - an : Stands before vowel symbols such as: u, e, o, a, i - a: stands before the consonant symbols - the: definite article Review : classroom vocabulary: * Dụng cụ học tập: pencil, ruler, bag, pen, eraser, book * Đồ dùng lớp: desk, board, waste basket, clock, window, door Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan * Nơi chốn: (to) live, classroom, house, street, city * Nghề nghiệp: student , teacher Wh-questions: a What’s your name? My name’s b How old are you? I’m years old c Where you live ? I live on / in / at d Is this / that your .?Yes, this / that is my e What is this/that? It / This / That is a/an II.EXERCISES: Ex1: Put a suitable article(a / an / the) where necessary This is classroom We are in classroom There is board on wall picture of uncle Ho is on wall There is old chair at table Mr Minh is engineer and his friend is doctor That is eraser and this is pen Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan These are oranges and that is apple Is this umbrella ? I live on PDP street He lives in city WEEK 6: THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN GIẢN I.AIMS: -HS nắm cách sử dụng động từ thường HTĐG -Rèn kỹ làm dạng tập chia động từ dạng tập đọc hiểu II.CONTENT: PERIOD 1: Time Content I.GRAMMAR: 1.ĐỘNG TỪ TOBE: ( am / is / are ) a) Affirmative: S + am / is / are + ………… Ex: We are students b) Negative: S + am / is / are + not + ………… Ex: My mother is not a farmer isn’t c) Interrogative: Ex: Is your brother a worker? → Yes, he is / No, he isn’t Am / Is / Are + S + ……………….? 2.ORDINARY VERBS Model sentences: I go to shool every morning Lan goes to school every morning Form: (+) I/ We/ You/ They + V T and sts,activities -Sets the scene -Gives the model sentences -Read -Concept check *form *use *Meaning Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan She/ He/ it/ + Vs/es (-) I/ We/ You/ They/ N + don’t + V She/ He/ it/ N + doesn’t + V (?) Do + We/ You/ They + V Does + She/ He/ it+ V ? Yes, S + do/ does No, S + do/ does + not Wh- + do/does + S + V… ? S + V(e/ es) + Notes: -To have: +I,we,you,they…+have +He,she,it… +has Adverbs: - Diễn tả hành động thói quen (always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, every…….) Every night:mỗi đêm Every day:mỗi ngày After school/dinner Once/twice/three times…a week/a month… II.EXERCISES I Đổi câu sau sang câu phủ định nghi vấn: He often gets up at They are teachers Mai always goes to school early We live in the country She likes school There is a couch in the room Nam has breakfast at 7:30 each morning These are pencils That is his teacher 10 They usually get up II Chia động từ ngoặc cho đúng: Thu often (get) up at 4:30 We _ (watch) TV every night Tan and Lan (play) games after school 10 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan sleepy – hot – thirsty – food rice – milk – fish – meat feel – talk – smell – hear – taste – see hungry – water – cold – tired shoulder – finger – foot – weak chest – hand – big – head – toe can – gram – dozen - toothpaste cooking oil – kilo – rice - eggs 10 teacher – leg – doctor – pilot Ex2: Put : “a, an , some, any, anything” into the blanks I’m going to cook ……… meal I have … rice but I don’t have … beef I need … cooking oil and … egg That’s all I don’t need … else Ex3: Make the questions from the underlined answers They are blue No, she doesn’t She has long hair I’m hot Yes, I am I want to sit down I’d like an apple Yes, I’d love to An English book is 11000d He wants some rice There is some orange juice to drink 10 I’d like some banana Ex4: Make questions Using : How much … And answer about the price a kilo of rice / 8000 dong a plate of fried rice / 25000 dong an ice cream / 9000 dong 27 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan a bowl of noodles / 12000 dong a dozen eggs / 440000dong Ex5: Put the Verb in brackets into the present simple and present progressive (work) My father ………… in a office He ……… in an office now (run) We … two kilometres a day We … two kilometres now (watch) He … television everyday He … Television now (swim) She … in the sea She … in the sea now (walk) They … to work They … to work now Ex6: Correct mistakes She’d likes a glass of milk 5.What would she like to breakfast? How many rice you want? 6.Are there any beef in the kitchen? How much bananas you want? 7.She needs a bar of toothpaste I need a bottle for cooking oil There aren’t some eggs here Homework - Redo all exercises you’ve done - Do exercises left _ Period: 53+54 THE FUTURE TENSE: Going to … I Aims By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to know again the knowleage they have learned about the future tense : going to sth - Teaching aids: board II Procedure Warm up - Greetings 28 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan Vocabulary - Revision ordinary Verbs Theory A Usage: express an action happen in the near future (have plans) Time: tomorrow, next week / month/ year , tonight , this summer… B Form: a S + be + going to + V …………… b S + be + not + going to + V…… c Be + S + going to + V ……….? Yes, S + be / No, S + be + not d Wh- + be + S + going to + V……? e How long + be + S + going to + V … ? -> For + one / t wo… day/ week Drill exercises Ex1: Complete the dialogue Lan: What ……………… To this summer vacation? Nam: I ………………… visit Da Nang Lan: How long …………………… stay? Nam: I’m going to …………………… five days Lan: Where ……………………… stay? Nam: I’m ………………………… in a hotel Lan: What are ……………… to there? Nam: I’m ……………… Hoi An ancient town and some of my friends as well Ex2: Write your own plan for this summer vacation Answer the questions What are you going to this weekend? Where are you going (to visit) ? How long are you going to stay there? Who are you going with? 29 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan Where are you going to stay? What are you going to there? How are you going to visit? Are you going to swim at the beach? Which sports you like to play there? 10 What’s the weather like there? Ex3: Make sentences using these words: The children / skip rope / school yard / tomorrow Mai and Hoa / listen / music / tonight Nga / not / swim / the swimming pool / this weekend He / jog / around the park / his father / tonight? How long / she / write a letter / friend? What / they / / next Sunday? Where / your mother / cook dinner ? She / / her homework / tomorrow afternoon My sister / drive a car / work / tomorrow 10 We / go on a picnic / next summer Ex4: Translate into English Kỳ nghỉ hè tới , thăm thành phố HCM Cô định đâu vào mùa hè này? Cậu l àm vào thứ tới/ Họ lại Hà Nội thời gian bao lâu? Khoảng ngày Bạn s ẽ thăm vịnh Hạ Long không? Cậu lại khách sạn Đà Nẵng vào tháng tới Chúng ta không cắm trại vào ngày thứ Ai tham quan với cô vào ngày mai? Tối làm tập Anh văn 30 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan 10 Chị không nhà vào thứ hai tới Homework - Learn theory by heart and make sentences with form - Redo all exercises _ Period: 57+58 SUGGESTIONS Let’s …/ What about…?/Why don’t we…? I Aims By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to know again the knowleage they have learned about the suggestions: Let’s … What / How about + V-ing… ? and Why don’t we + V(bare) ………….? - Teaching aids: board II Procedure Warm up - Greetings Vocabulary - Adverbs of time in the future - Some Verbs: visit , see, …… Theory Suggestions: Let’s + V(bare) …… = Let us + V(bare)………… Respond: Yes, let’s – No, let’s not…… Eg: Let’s go to school Let’s play soccer…… What / How about + V-ing ………….? Respond: Yes, (that’s a) good idea Eg: What about go swimming in the lake? 31 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan How about listening to music tonight? Why don’t we + V(bare) ……… ? Respond: Yes, (that’s a) good idea Eg: Why don’t we play basket ball? Drill exrcises Ex1: Make – sentences for each structure Ex2: Match the suggestions to the right situations Situations I feel hungry now Suggestions a Let’s go to the beach and have a good I can not study time there b What about joining the sports club? It’s too noisy outside We’ll have three days off this c Why don’t you take some milk? weekend I like tennis.But I don’t know how to d Why don’t you go to the library? play Key: 1+ c, 2+ d, 3- a , – b Ex3: Make suggestions: Use Let’s ; What about or Why don’t you and the idea in the box Go and see a doctor: buy her some hair clippers; Go to the movies ; go and buy some at the store We want to make a cake But there is no sugar left Minh has a toothache and he cannot eat We have no homework today What should we do? I’m going to Han’s birthday party this weekend I don’t know what to present her Ex4: Correct form of the verbs 32 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan He usually (play) a video game They (jog) now She (do) aerobics every day 4.We (play) tennis every Sunday afternoon They often (go) swimming You sometimes (play) tennins? Nga (watch) TV tomorrow evening What about (swim) in the river? How long they (stay) in a hotel? 10 Where he (work) next week? Ex5: Complete sentences When it’s hot , Nga ………………… When it’s warm, Lan ……………………… When it’s cool, They …………………… How long is ………………………………….? They ………………………… tonight We …………………………………….tomorrow Let’s ……………………………………… What ……………………………… next week? Hoa wants to ………………………………… 10 Why don’t ……………………………………? Homework - Redo all exercises - Review Unit 14 Period: 59+60 COMPARISIONS For short Adjectives 33 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan I Aims By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to know again the knowleage they have learned about the comparisions and the superlatives: short adjectives - Teaching aids: board II Procedure Warm up - Greetings Vocabulary - Adjectives: - Countries: - Revew new words; Theory For short adjectives S1 + be + adj –er than + S2 He is taller than his brother She is bigger than me Which is + adj1 – er , N1 or N2 Which is bigger, HCMC or HNC Which language + / does + S + speak? S + speak(s) + language Where + be + S + from? S + be + from + the country What’s your / his/ her nationality? It’s + name of the country Drill exercises Ex1: Make 3-5 sentences for each structure Ex2: Make sentences 34 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan Mekong river / long / Red river Eiffel Tower / tall / statue librertry Nam / small / Thanh Our school / big / your school I / thirsty / you Ex3: Correct form of adj Your house is (big) than my house Her mother is (old) than my mother Tokyo is (big) than London // Or: Which is (big), Tokyo or London The Mekong River is (long) than the Red River Her hair is (short) than his hair Mai’s house is (big) than Lan’s house The City is (nosy) than the country Nam is (tall) than Ba Ha Tinh City is (small) Vinh City 10 Her nose is (small) than my nose Ex4 Fill in the questions from the answers 1………………… ? Yes,she does She lives in Hue …………………? Yes It has many rivers The biggest is Huong River ………………….? No There aren’t any big parks in Ha Tinh ………………….? No, he doesn’t He works in a bank ………………….? She is going to have a test next week ………………….? He usually does his homework in his free time ………………… ? I like warm weather ………………… ? It’s hot today ………………… ? They travel to work by car 35 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan 10 …………………? My class starts at seven o’clock EX5 Answer the questions What time you usually have lunch? Where you often have breakfast? What are you going to on the weekend? What you want to do? How you often go to school? How often you go to the zoo? How much is your book? What you when it’s hot? What is your favorite food? 10 What’s the weather like in the spring? 11 How many people are there in your family? 12 How many houses does your school have/ 13 Does your father go to work by car? 14 Do you your homework everyday? 15 Is your house beautiful? SUPERLATIVES For short adjectives a S + be + the + Adj + in / of … b S + be + the + Adj + N + in / of … irregulal Adj: good -> the best bad -> the worst … For two stress sounds - noisy – noisier – noisiest… (quiet, thirsty, hungry,heavy….) 36 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan Drill exercises Ex1: Make sentences Mekong river / long / river / VN This building / tall / Ha Tinh Nam / thin / his family My school / big / these three schools you / short / girl / class Ex3: Correct form of adj My house is the (big) of these three houses My grand mother is the (old) in my family Mexico City is the (big) City in the world The Mekong River is the (long) in Viet nam Your hair is the (short) of these three girls Mai’s house is the ( small) in this area Ha noi City is the (nosy) City of those three Cities Nam is the (tall) boy in his family Ha Tinh City is the (small) of three Cities:Vinh City,Thanh Hoa City,Ha Tinh C 10 This house is the (high) in this country Ex3: Fill in the questions A: ………………………………….? B: Yes There are a lot of beautiful mountains in Ha Tinh A: …………………………………? B: Yes It has many rivers The smallest river is Cay River A: …………………………………? B: No There aren’t any beautiful beaches A: ………………………………………… ? B: No It doesn’t have any lakes 37 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan A: …………………………………………? B: She’s Australian A: ……………………………………………? B: She speaks English Ex4: Translate Toà nhà cao thành phố Ha tinh Chị cao Sông Lam sông dài sông Con mèo nhỏ mèo Thành phố Hà nội lớn đất nước ta Thước dài thước bạn Hôm trời nóng hôm qua (yesterday) Bạn từ đâu đến? Bạn đến từ Nhật Cô thuộc quốc tịch nào? Cô người Mỹ 10.Và cô nói thứ tiếng nào? Cô nói Tiếng Anh Homework - Review unit 15 - Redo all exercises - Learn by heart strucutures and sentences Period: 63+64 A FEW, A LITTLE, A LOT / LOTS OF SHOULD , SHOULDN’T I Aims: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to know again the knowleage they have learned about: a few, a little, a lot of , lots of , should (not) + V…… - Teaching aids: board II Procedure 38 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan Warm up - Greetings Vocabulary - Write new vocab - The indefinite quantifiers; Theory - A few, a little a afew : ( many, a lot of , lots of: nhiều) +Ns b alittle: ít( , much , a lot of , lots of + N(un) - * little , few : c should (not) : nên/ không nên dùng để khuyên bảo Drill exercises Ex1: Fill in the blank with a lot , a few, a little We buy …… of potatoes My brother likes potatoes very much We have ………… milk in the fridge There are … tomatoes on the table My family has a very small paddy field It produces rice There are …… of valuable plants in this forest Ex2: Write the sentences with should or shouldn’t We are destroying the forests We are planting many trees We are producing much rice We are wasting too much water We are killing many animals We are recycling waste and scrap We are polluting the air with gases Ex3: Which word is different? 39 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan trash , coal , oil , gas waste , pollute , destroy , grow sea , forest , river , ocean can , bottle , faucet , box paper , plant , grass , tree paper , metal , plastic, light house , building, flat , city tall, big , old, small people , man, cities , buildings 10 uncle , father , brother , daughter Ex4 Chose the best answer How (often / long / far / much) are you going to stay here? - For two weeks I’m going to visit my uncle …… Sunday morning Shall we go out tonight? Yes, (we are/ I can / we go , let’s) What would you like to at the weekend?- I (like to a lot/ can’t it/’d like to / don’t like the weekend) Why don’t we go to the cinema? (Because I like it/ Yes,we do/ I don’t think so / Good idea.) 6.Why doesn’t Peter want to walk? (Because he’s tired / Good idea / Yes , he does, he doesn’t think so) What about (have / having / you have / you have) a cup of coffee? 8.How is he going to go? ( On / In / With / By) plane What are you watching? ( I’m going to watch a film / I want to watch a film / I’m watching a film / I watch a film) 10.Russia and the USA are two big countries in the (city / nation / world / town) 11 He can (speaks / speaking / speak / to speak) English and French 12 Some people can speak many (countries / nationalities , languages) 40 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS Hoàng Đan 13 My parents are from Japan They’re (Japan / Japanese / British) 14.Your house is large, but his house is even larger (to / than / as) your house 15 How (long / high / tall) is this tree? – It’s two meters high 16 What’s his nationality? (he’s from China/ He’s Chines ? It’s China) 17 This city has a (number / people / population) of 2.6 million 18 This is (the / a / most) longest river in the world 19 Vietnam has (alots / lots / lot) of beautiful mountains 20 The (city / capital / country) of Malaysia is Jakarta Homework - Review unit 9-15 - Learn theory 41 ... -> When… They travel to HaNoi by train -> How…… Hai has English on Monday afternoon -> What … They their homework after school -> What … I have one sister and one brother -> How many … Mr Hoang... Dùng : There is some … Với danh từ không đếm There isn’t any … Is there any ……? // // Drill exercises Ex1: Which one is different milk – banana – water – orange juice 26 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh THCS... the sky 10 Does Nam get up at 6. 15 ? Ex3: Correct form of the verbs He (can play) games They (can drive) a car/ We (must not park) here She (can work) at the factory? 19 Giáo án dạy phụ đạo Anh

Ngày đăng: 21/07/2017, 20:51

Từ khóa liên quan

Mục lục

  • b. Câu nghi vấn ( Đưa tobe lên trước chủ ngữ)

    • Ex4: Rearrange these sentences

    • Ex5: Put a suitable possesive pronouns into the blanks

    • Ex6: Put a suitable into the blanks

    • C. Homework

Tài liệu cùng người dùng

Tài liệu liên quan