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Đáp án TEST - CAMBRIDGE 10 PASSAGE Câu đáp án Câu liên kết spread 10 times below Từ khóa câu hỏi wildfires compared to the past occurrence: more frequent temperature: hotter speed: faster spread more unpredictably size of fires two decades ago rainfall below average more brush brush Câu liên kết seasons homes T F T as fuel increase in yearly temperature extended more building vulnerable places the amount of open space has diminished over the last ten years many experts readying itself to fight fires believe California has made little progress personnel in the past have been criticised mishandling fire containment Từ khóa passage wildfires than in the past wildfires are becoming an increasing menace are generally hotter faster spread more erratically the size of the average forest fire 20 years ago precipitation below normal the consequence has been to halt the natural eradication of underbrush now the primary fuel for megafires a 1-degree Fahrenheit rise in average yearly temperature longer increased construction wooded areas what once was open space is now residential homes for at least a decade many experts preparedness give California high marks for making progress personnel in the past stung in the past by criticism bungling that allowed fires to spread when they might have been contained 10 T California has replaced a range of firefighting tools to improve fire-fighting capacity 11 NG 12 F more firefighters have been hired citizens and government groups the efforts of different states and agencies working together disapprove of 13 F Randy Jacobs loss of life despite changes made will continue at the same levels State promises to provide more up-todate engines, planes, and helicopters to fight fires have been fulfilled the state has invested in better command-and-control facilities not given both government officials and residents the speed, dedication, and coordination of firefighters from several states and jurisdictions there is a sense among both that are resulting in greater efficiency Randy Jacobs loss of life the improvements we have witnessed we will no longer suffer PASSSAGE 14 transformation/ change 15 young age psychologists have traditionally believed that personality transformation was impossible a person's character tends to be fixed by a young age this is not true according to positive psychologists Câu liên kết 16 optimism our personal qualities can be seen as habitual behaviour easiest qualities to acquire psychologists have long held that a person's character cannot undergo a transformation the key traits of personality are determined at a very young age researchers have begun looking more closely at ways we can change these qualities amount to habitual behaviour less challenging to develop than others 17 skills/ techniques 18 negative emotions/ feelings 19 E 20 C 21 G 22 A 23 E 24 C 25 G 26 H it is necessary to in order for a new quality to develop learn a wide variety of different skills in order to increase happiness developing qualities requires mastering a range of skills to bring more joy and passion into life must be open to experiencing negative emotions as a newcomer have to tolerate and laugh at your own ignorance the key to ; recommends good fortune writing down acquire courage obligation to be more outgoing in the lecture hall must understand and feel some negative emotions when first trying something new must accept that they not know much it is important when good things happen actively notice courage can be learned a sense of responsibility overcome shyness when faced with the need to speak in public achieve physical goals set nine world records and can hold her breath for six minutes rational thinking enabled learned to untangle her fears someone to a sad experience he had an accident that put an end to his sports career overcame took action despite his own pain decided to rethink their his research wasn't compatible academic career path with his curiosity; learned about alternative healing techniques; he switched labs risked his career his own job security would be threatened a sense of duty speaking out against something ethically wrong PASSAGE 3: 27 C 28 D 29 C 30 B 31 A 32 F 33 G the theory developed by Louis Dollo biologists in the early twentieth century modified humpback whale caught off Vancouver Island its unusual features the reason 'silent genes' re-emergence certain characteristics the mole salamander suggests that Raff's theory is correct members of the Bachia lizard family have lost and regained certain features several times the possibility of evolution reversible for a long time rejected opposing views Louis Dollo; he proposed that early 20th-century biologists came to a similar conclusion, though they qualified it in terms of probability humpback whale caught off Vancouver Island with a pair of leg-like appendages over a metre long, complete with a full set of limb bones I can see no other explanation silent genes reappear traits mole salamanders fits with Raff's 10-million-year time frame the Bachia family tree digit loss and gain more than one occasion 'evolutionary throwback' for the better part of a century have been reluctant to use those words Louis Dollo was coming to the opposite conclusion examples revolutionary throwbacks 34 A long-lost traits 35 B 36 D reappear the shark and killer whale exemplify the occurrence of a particular feature in different species one explanation is certain genetic information the continued existence 37 NG 38 Y 39 N 40 Y Wagner South American lizards research on was the first person Wagner believes that Bachia lizards with toes had toeless ancestors embryos the temporary occurrence of long-lost traits is rare development problems evolutionary throwbacks might be caused so many other examples have been discovered it no longer makes sense to say that evolution is as good as irreversible characteristics that disappeared millions of years ago reappear sharks and killer whales such as arise similar structures in unrelated species another more intriguing possibility is the genetic information needed to make somehow survived for tens or perhaps hundreds of millions of years biologist Gunter Wagner South American lizards reported some work on not given According to his analysis the toed species re-evolved toes from toeless ancestors embryos long-lost traits be reactivated / develop ancestral features many species if for any reason this does not happen leading to an atavism (ở đầu đoạn có câu: "the technical term for an evolutionary throwback is an 'atavism') .. .10 T California has replaced a range of firefighting tools to improve fire-fighting capacity 11... Randy Jacobs loss of life the improvements we have witnessed we will no longer suffer PASSSAGE 14 transformation/ change 15 young age psychologists have traditionally believed that personality... develop than others 17 skills/ techniques 18 negative emotions/ feelings 19 E 20 C 21 G 22 A 23 E 24 C 25 G 26 H it is necessary to in order for a new quality to develop learn a wide variety of