Common translation errors (vietnamese english) committed by the third year english majors a case at dong nai technology university a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the req

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY  - COMMON TRANSLATION ERRORS (VIETNAMESE – ENGLISH) COMMITTED BY THE THIRD-YEAR ENGLISH MAJORS: A CASE AT DONG NAI TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (TESOL) Submitted by TRAN THI HOAI NAM, BA Supervisor NGUYEN HOANG TUAN, Ph.D HO CHI MINH CITY, SEPTEMBER 2016 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that this thesis, entitled “Common translation errors (Vietnamese –English) committed by the third-year English majors: A case at Dong Nai Technology University”, is my own work Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, it does not contain material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person‟s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this thesis This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Ho Chi Minh City, September 2016 TRAN THI HOAI NAM i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply indebted to a number of people for helping me to make this thesis possible First and foremost, my deepest gratitude is to my wholehearted supervisor, Dr Nguyen Hoang Tuan for providing me with the initial inspiration to start the study as well as giving all of his thoughtful and insightful comments and his invaluable encouragement during the process of writing the thesis His excellent academic guidance and continuous support helped me in all the time of my study Furthermore, my most sincere gratefulness also goes to Dr Luu Trong Tuan for his kindly assistance given to me in difficulties I would like to gratefully thank my TESOL 08 classmates for the happiness and difficulties we share throughout the course, which would be an unforgettable memory in my life Particularly, I would like to give my special thanks to Mr Nguyen Tri Tuc and Mr Luong Minh Tin for helping me with the analysis of the translation tests of the students My profound thanks are also reserved for the managing boards, the English lecturers, and the third-year English majors in the academic year of 2015 – 2016 at Dong Nai Technology University, who gave me best possible conditions to conduct the study And last, but by no means least, I am extremely appreciated the endless love of my family who are always by my side I will never forget day and night supports of my parents, my sisters to overcome all challenges in my life ii ABSTRACT Nowadays, with the trend of globalization in Vietnam, English as an international language is necessary to bring the country‟s image to the world via the articles, journals, research about Vietnamese people and culture Therefore, translation should have been paid much attention to However, majority of the third-year English majors at Dong Nai Technology University (DNTU) find a common problem that they feel difficult to translate from Vietnamese into English and they commit many errors in translation Moreover, there is no study on this case at DNTU Hence, the research was conducted with two main objectives: first, to investigate the common errors in translation from Vietnamese into English made by the third-year English majors at Dong Nai Technology University and second, to find out possible causes of those errors In order to serve the aims of the study, six translation tests were used for thirty third-year English majors Interviews were also carried out with ten students and one teacher of the translation subject The findings revealed that there were a large number of micro and macro-level translation errors, especially errors of word choice, prepositions, articles and tenses made by the students More critically, the causes of those errors included both subjective and objective reasons according to the data collected Subjective causes concerned the lack of knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, culture, text type, and text style, the ability to overcome the negative influence of the mother tongue in language learning, the concentration and motivation in the translation process and the inappropriate use of translation method while objective ones included the differences between English and Vietnamese, the influence of the mother tongue and inappropriate teaching documents and methods Based on the findings of the study, some important conclusions as well as recommendations were drawn, hoping to improve translation teaching and learning at Dong Nai Technology University iii ABBREVIATIONS DNTU Dong Nai Technology University FFL Faculty of Foreign Languages SL Source language TL Target language ATA American Translators Association iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS .ii ABSTRACT iii ABBREVIATIONS iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study 1.2 Rationale for the study 1.3 Research objectives 1.4 Research questions 1.5 Significance of the research 1.6 The scope and limitation of the study 1.7 Definitions of terms 1.8 Overview of thesis chapters 1.9 Chapter summary CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Definitions of translation 2.2 Equivalence in translation 12 2.2.1 Definitions of equivalence in translation 12 2.2.2 Types of equivalence in translation 14 2.3 The translation process 14 2.4 Translation approaches 16 2.4.1 Text-type oriented translation 16 2.4.2 Text linguistics 18 2.5 Translation methods 18 2.5.1 Word-for-word translation 19 2.5.2 Literal translation 19 v 2.5.3 Faithful translation 20 2.5.4 Semantic translation 20 2.5.5 Free translation 20 2.5.6 Idiomatic translation 21 2.5.7 Adaption 21 2.5.8 Communicative translation 21 2.6 Errors in translation 22 2.6.1 Definitions of errors in translation 22 2.6.2 Classification and description of errors in translation 23 2.6.2.1 Micro-level translation errors 25 2.6.2.2 Macro-level translation errors 31 2.6.3 Stages of error analysis 33 2.6.4 Criteria for translation quality assessment 33 2.7 Review of previous studies and the research gap 35 2.8 Chapter summary 40 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 41 3.1 Research site 41 3.2 Participants and sampling 42 3.2.1 Translation test participants 42 3.2.2 Interview participants 43 3.2.2.1 Student participants 43 3.2.2.2 Teacher participants 43 3.3 Methods of data collection 43 3.4 Data collection instruments 44 3.4.1 Translation tests 44 3.4.2 Interviews 45 3.5 Data collection procedures 46 3.5.1 Piloting the translation tests and interview questions 47 3.5.2 Data collection procedures 47 vi 3.5.2.1 Translation tests 47 3.5.2.2 Student interviews 48 3.5.2.3 Teacher interview 48 3.6 Analytical framework 49 3.7 Ethical issues 55 3.8 Chapter summary 55 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 56 4.1 Results and Discussion 56 4.1.1 From translation tests 56 4.1.1.1 Micro-level translation errors 57 4.1.1.2 Macro-level translation errors 72 4.1.2 DNTU students‟ responses to the interview and interview analysis 78 4.1.3 DNTU teacher‟ responses to the interview and interview analysis 82 4.1.3.1 Question 01 82 4.1.3.2 Question 02 83 4.1.3.3 Question 03 85 4.2 The summary of main findings 85 4.2.1 Research question 01 85 4.2.2 Research question 02 86 4.3 Chapter summary 87 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 89 5.1 Conclusions 89 5.2 Implications 91 5.2.1 Recommendations for students 91 5.2.2 Recommendations for teachers 93 5.2.3 Recommendations for The Executive Board of FFL 97 5.2.3.1 Textbooks 97 5.2.3.2 Using Billingual Corpus 98 5.2.3.3 Teaching Grammar modules 98 vii 5.2.3.4 Increasing the credits for each module and setting class-size limits 99 5.3 Suggestions for further research 99 5.4 Chapter summary 100 REFERENCES 101 APPENDIX 1: TRANSATION TEST 113 APPENDIX 2: TRANSATION TEST 114 APPENDIX 3: TRANSATION TEST 115 APPENDIX 4: TRANSATION TEST 116 APPENDIX 5: TRANSATION TEST 117 APPENDIX 6: TRANSATION TEST 118 APPENDIX 7: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR STUDENTS 119 APPENDIX 8: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR THE TEACHER 120 viii LIST OF 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Freedom - Happiness Bien Hoa, _/ _/201_ Test Code: 02 ON-GOING TEST SUBJECT: TRANSLATION Time allowed: 60 minutes Only paper dictionaries are allowed st Full name: proctor‟s full name and Student ID: signature: 2nd proctor‟s full name and signature: Class: _ Translate the email into English Chủ đề: Tìm ứng viên tốt thời gian nhanh với dịch vụ chất lượng cao Vietnamworks Kính gửi ngài Smith, Chúng cảm ơn ngài quan tâm tin tưởng dịch vụ Vietnamworks Để giúp quý công ty gia tăng hội “tìm người, trao việc”, giúp doanh nghiệp ngài vươn xa, xin gửi đến ngài giải pháp hiệu phù hợp để ngài chọn lựa: Giải pháp 1: Giải pháp 2: Xin ngài vui lòng xem xét cho biết ngài chọn giải pháp hay hơm ngày mai để chúng tơi gửi đơn hàng thực bước Chúng tin với giải pháp nêu trên, ngài sớm tìm ứng viên phù hợp đáp ứng yêu cầu tuyển dụng công ty Quy trình tuyển dụng bắt đầu sớm, quý cơng ty nhanh chóng tuyển dụng nhân tài Trân trọng, -The end - 114 APPENDIX 3: TRANSATION TEST DONG NAI TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES Independence - Freedom - Happiness Bien Hoa, _/ _/201_ ON-GOING TEST Test Code: 03 SUBJECT: TRANSLATION Time allowed: 60 minutes Only paper dictionaries are allowed st Full name: proctor‟s full name and Student ID: signature: 2nd proctor‟s full name and signature: Class: _ Translate the article into English DIỄN ĐÀN DOANH NGHIỆP VN LẦN THỨ TƯ TẠI CHÂU ÂU CƠ HỘI CỦA DOANH NHÂN NGƯỜI VIỆT Diễn đàn doanh nghiệp Việt Nam lần thứ tư châu Âu với tên gọi "Thách thức hội doanh nghiệp Việt Nam châu Âu", diễn từ ngày 11 13/9/2009 thủ đô Berlin Đức Tham dự diễn đàn có 200 doanh nhân tiêu biểu lãnh đạo Hội doanh nghiệp Việt Nam từ 10 nước châu Âu Diễn đàn lần đánh giá đặc biệt quan trọng, diễn bối cảnh nước châu Âu chịu tác động lớn khủng hoảng tài giới Đây xem hội để doanh nhân người Việt nước giao lưu trao đổi kinh nghiệm L SAN Người lao động Thứ 2, 14-09-2009 -The end - 115 APPENDIX 4: TRANSATION TEST DONG NAI TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES Independence - Freedom - Happiness Bien Hoa, _/ _/201_ Test Code: 04 ON-GOING TEST SUBJECT: TRANSLATION Time allowed: 60 minutes Only paper dictionaries are allowed st Full name: proctor‟s full name and Student ID: signature: 2nd proctor‟s full name and signature: Class: _ Translate the article into English EU GIÚP VIỆT NAM 10 TRIỆU EURO PHÁT TRIỂN THƯƠNG MẠI (TN) Hơm qua 17.6 Hà Nội, đại diện phủ VN Ủy ban châu Âu kí kết Hiệp định tài Dự án hỗ trợ thương mại đa biên giai đoạn (EUVietnam MUTRAP3) Theo vòng năm Ủy ban Châu Âu hỗ trợ VN 10 triệu euro để triển khai kế hoạch phát triển kinh tế xã hội kế hoạch hành động WTO, hội nhập sâu rộng vào hệ thống thương mại toàn cầu Dự án tiếp nối hợp tác thành công Ủy ban châu Âu Bộ Công thương lĩnh vực hỗ trợ kỹ thuật liên quan đến thương mại Tính đến thời điểm dự án nói dự án hỗ trợ sách thương mại lớn VN NHƯ NGUYỄN Thanh niên Thứ tư, 18-6-2008 -The end - 116 APPENDIX 5: TRANSATION TEST DONG NAI TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES Independence - Freedom - Happiness Bien Hoa, _/ _/201_ Test Code: 05 ON-GOING TEST SUBJECT: TRANSLATION Time allowed: 60 minutes Only paper dictionaries are allowed st Full name: proctor‟s full name and Student ID: signature: 2nd proctor‟s full name and signature: Class: _ Translate the article into English ACE HỢP TÁC VỚI AMADUES VN (NLĐ) Ngày 12-6 TP HCM, Cơng ty Bảo hiểm ACE (thành viên tập đồn Bảo hiểm ACE) thức mắt sản phẩm “Bảo hiểm du lịch toàn cầu” ký hợp đồng hợp tác với Amadeus VN Theo đó, Cơng ty Bảo hiểm ACE cung cấp sản phẩm bảo hiểm du lịch thông qua đại diện Amadeus VN, Tập đoàn Du lịch TransViet mạng lưới đại lý du lịch thành viên khắp toàn cầu sử dụng hệ thống bán vé máy bay Amadeus Sự hợp tác mang đến cho khách hàng chương trình bảo hiểm du lịch quyền lợi gia tăng, dịch vụ hỗ trợ y tế với mức giá cạnh tranh Bảo hiểm du lịch ACE cung cấp phạm vi bảo hiểm toàn cầu hỗ trợ hành khách trường hợp khẩn cấp tai nạn, ốm đau, giấy tờ, hành lý du lịch N.MINH Người lao động Thứ 6, 13-06-2008 -The end - 117 APPENDIX 6: TRANSATION TEST DONG NAI TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES Independence - Freedom - Happiness Bien Hoa, _/ _/201_ Test Code: 06 ON-GOING TEST SUBJECT: TRANSLATION Time allowed: 60 minutes Only paper dictionaries are allowed st Full name: proctor‟s full name and Student ID: signature: 2nd proctor‟s full name and signature: Class: _ Translate the article into English Mời gọi đầu tư vào du lịch VN-Lào-Campuchia (NLĐ) Theo sở Văn hóa – Thể thao & du lịch TP HCM, khuôn khổ Triển lãm quốc tế du lịch TP HCM 2009 (ITE HCMC 2009 từ ngày đến 3-10), đơn vị phối hợp với Cục Đầu tư nước (Bộ Kế hoạch – đầu tư), Sở Kế hoạch – đầu tư TP HCM tổ chức hội nghị quốc tế đầu tư du lịch VN – Lào – Campuchia Theo ông Huỳnh Văn Sơn – cán Sở Văn hóa – Thể thao & du lịch TP HCM, với chủ đề “Ba quốc gia- điểm đến”, hội nghị bàn vấn đề sách phát triển du lịch, mời gọi đầu tư vào dự án du lịch VN, Lào, Campuchia Ngoài ra, hội nghị thảo luận, chia sẻ kinh nghiệm phát triển du lịch, lĩnh vực du lịch ba quốc gia Hội nghị diễn TP HCM hai ngày 30-9 1-10-2009, với tham gia khoảng 100 nhà đầu tư, quỹ đầu tư đến từ nhiều nước giới khoảng 150 công ty, chủ đầu tư dự án đến từ nước VN, Lào, Campuchia B HOÀN Tuổi trẻ Thứ sáu 11-09-2009 -The end - 118 APPENDIX 7: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR STUDENTS Dear students, Thank you for being willing to help me by joining this interview The results are very important to my research on common errors in English majors‟ translation from Vietnamese to English: A case at Dong Nai Technology University Please try to answer all questions as honestly as you can There is no “right” or “wrong” answers All of them are used for research purposes only Thank you very much for your cooperation! Question 01: How long have you been learning English? Question 02: Are you attending any course(s) of Vietnamese-English translation outside DNTU? Question 03: Do you think that translation is important for you and for your future career? Why/ why not? Question 04: Do you think that translation is an interesting subject? Why/ why not? Question 05: What kinds of problems you have when translating a text? Question 06: Among six translation tests, which one you find the most difficult? Question 07: Do you read the whole text when you translate it? Question 08: On completing translation, you revise the translated text? Why/ why not? 119 APPENDIX 8: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR THE TEACHER Dear colleague, Thank you for being willing to help me by joining this interview The results are very important to my research on common errors in English majors‟ translation from Vietnamese to English: A case at Dong Nai Technology University Please try to answer all questions as honestly as you can There is no “right” or “wrong” answers All of them are used for research purposes only Thank you very much for your cooperation! Question 01: From your experience, what are common difficulties that students encounter in Vietnamese-English translation? Question 02: From your experience, what are the possible causes of those errors? Question 03: What recommendations can you give to help improve translation teaching and learning at Dong Nai Technology University? 120 ... grammar, vocabulary and spelling errors Grammatical errors in translation According to American Translators Association (short for ATA), the largest professional association of translators and... written at the readership''s As a word of summary for this part, methods of translation play a crucial role in the success of translation Using an inappropriate method can lead to errors in translation. .. 2.6 Errors in translation According to Sado Al-Jarf (2007), one of indispensable parts of learning translation is translation error In learning and teaching, errors are not always bad because