Lecture AP Biology Chapter 48 and 49 Nervous systems

After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: The anatomy of a neuron; the mechanisms of impulse transmission in a neuron; the process that leads to release of neurotransmitters, and what happens at the synapse; how the vertebrate brain integrates information, which leads to an appropriate response; different regions of the brain have different functions.

1 Contrast the functions of B cells and T cells What are memory cells? How vaccines work? How does HIV affect the immune system? Draw and label the parts of a neuron Describe saltatory conduction Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted across a neuron What happens at the synapse? Choose neurotransmitter Describe its action What is the role of the following structures in the human brain? a) Brainstem b) Cerebellum c) Cerebrum d) Corpus callosum Chapters 48 & 49 Campbell Biology – 9th ed      The anatomy of a neuron The mechanisms of impulse transmission in a neuron The process that leads to release of neurotransmitters, and what happens at the synapse How the vertebrate brain integrates information, which leads to an appropriate response Different regions of the brain have different functions    Central nervous system (CNS) = brain + spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS) = nerves throughout body  Sensory receptors: collect info  Sensory neurons: body  CNS  Motor neurons: CNS  body (muscles, glands)  Interneurons: connect sensory & motor neurons Nerves = bundles of neurons  Contains motor neurons +/or sensory neurons Peripheral nervous system Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division Enteric division       Acetylcholine (ACh): stimulates muscles, memory formation, learning Epinephrine: (adrenaline) fight-or-flight Norepinephrine: fight-or-flight Dopamine: reward, pleasure (“high”)  Loss of dopamine  Parkinson’s Disease Serotonin: well-being, happiness  Low levels  Depression GABA: inhibitory NT  Affected by alcohol Poster Presentation: Drug: Neurotransmitter(s) Involved Action of Drug: Summary Illustration    Simple, automatic response to a stimulus Conscious thought not required Reflex arc: Stimulus detected by receptor Sensory neuron Interneuron (spinal cord or brain stem) Motor neuron Response by effector organ (muscles, glands) Major Regions: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain • • • Forebrain  cerebrum Midbrain  brainstem Hindbrain  cerebellum Structure Function Cerebrum • Information processing (learning, emotion, memory, perception, voluntary movement) • Right & Left cerebral hemispheres • Corpus callosum: connect hemispheres Brainstem *Oldest evolutionary part* •Basic, autonomic survival behaviors •Medulla oblongata –breathing, heart & blood vessel activity, digestion, swallowing, vomiting •Transfer info between PNS & CNS Cerebellum • Coordinate movement & balance • Motor skill learning Human Brain Structure Function Cerebrum • Information processing (learning, emotion, memory, perception, voluntary movement) • Right & Left cerebral hemispheres • Corpus callosum: connect hemispheres Brainstem *Oldest evolutionary part* •Basic, autonomic survival behaviors •Medulla oblongata –breathing, heart & blood vessel activity, digestion, swallowing, vomiting •Transfer info between PNS & CNS Cerebellum • Coordinate movement & balance • Motor skill learning Human Brain Structure Function Cerebrum • Information processing (learning, emotion, memory, perception, voluntary movement) • Right & Left cerebral hemispheres • Corpus callosum: connect hemispheres Brainstem *Oldest evolutionary part* •Basic, autonomic survival behaviors •Medulla oblongata –breathing, heart & blood vessel activity, digestion, swallowing, vomiting •Transfer info between PNS & CNS Cerebellum • Coordinate movement & balance • Motor skill learning Human Brain Structure Function Cerebrum • Information processing (learning, emotion, memory, perception, voluntary movement) • Right & Left cerebral hemispheres • Corpus callosum: connect hemispheres Brainstem *Oldest evolutionary part* •Basic, autonomic survival behaviors •Medulla oblongata –breathing, heart & blood vessel activity, digestion, swallowing, vomiting •Transfer info between PNS & CNS Cerebellum • Coordinate movement & balance • Motor skill learning ... callosum Chapters 48 & 49 Campbell Biology – 9th ed      The anatomy of a neuron The mechanisms of impulse transmission in a neuron The process that leads to release of neurotransmitters, and. .. what happens at the synapse How the vertebrate brain integrates information, which leads to an appropriate response Different regions of the brain have different functions    Central nervous. ..1 Draw and label the parts of a neuron Describe saltatory conduction Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted across a neuron 1 What happens at the synapse? Choose neurotransmitter