I. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words. 1. Its a long time since he last called me. He hasnt ______________________. called me for a long time. Câu gốc nghĩa là Đã lâu rồi kể từ lần cuối anh ấy gọi cho tôi. Nhìn vào từ gợi ý ta thấy cần chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành (have has + PII (+ for since) ...) để viết lại câu này. a long time là khoảng thời gian, nên ta sử dụng for. Câu viết lại nghĩa là Anh ấy đã không gọi cho tôi lâu rồi. 2. When did he get the job? How long ago ______________________. did he get the job? Câu gốc nghĩa là Anh ấy tìm được việc khi nào? Từ gợi ý là How long ago có nghĩa là Cách đây bao lâu có nghĩa tương đương với từ để hỏi When. Vậy để viết lại câu gốc, ta chỉ cần viết nội dung sau từ để hỏi When vào sau How long ago là được. 3. I advise you to book a table in advance. If I ______________________.were you, I would book a table in advance. Câu gốc là một lời khuyên có nghĩa là Tớ khuyên cậu nên đặt bàn trước. Nhìn vào từ gợi ý ta thấy câu viết lại là câu điều kiện. Ta có cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 2 được sử dụng như một lời khuyên: If + S + were + …, S + would + V … Câu viết lại nghĩa là Nếu tớ là cậu thì tớ sẽ đặt bàn trước. 4. I dont want to tell them the secret. I would rather ______________________.not tell them the secret. Câu gốc nghĩa là Tôi không muốn nói với họ bí mật đó. Để viết lại câu ta dùng cấu trúc would rather (not) do sth: (không) muốn làm gì. 5. If I improved my English speaking skill, I would easily get that job. Were ____________________. I to improve my English speaking skill, I would easily get that job. Ta thấy câu gốc dùng câu điều kiện loại 2, và từ gợi ý trong câu viết lại là Were. Do đó để viết lại câu ta dùng cấu trúc dạng đảo ở câu điều kiện loại 2 là Were + S + to V, S + would + V. 6. We wanted to get good seats so we arrived early. In order ______________________. to get good seats, we arrived early. Câu gốc nghĩa là Chúng tôi muốn có chỗ ngồi tốt nên chúng tôi đã đến sớm. Câu viết lại có gợi ý là In order. Do đó ta sử dụng cấu trúc In order to do sth chỉ mục đích để viết lại câu. Câu viết lại nghĩa là Để có chỗ ngồi tốt, chúng tôi đã đến sớm. 7. It took her nearly an hour to do the crossword. She spent ______________________. nearly an hour doing the crossword. Ta có cấu trúc It + take + sb + time + to do sth = S + spend + time + doing sth có nghĩa là Ai đó mất bao nhiêu thời gian làm gì. 8. The policeman made him confess after three days. He was ______________________. made to confess after three days. Câu gốc có nghĩa là Cảnh sát đã buộc hắn ta thú nhận sau 3 ngày. Nhìn vào từ gợi ý trong câu viết lại là He was ta thấy câu cần chuyển sang thể bị động. Cấu trúc make sb do sth khi chuyển sang bị động có dạng be made to do sth. 9. Nga finds Maths easier than Physics. Physics is not ______________________. as easy as Maths for Nga. Câu gốc nghĩa là Nga thấy môn Toán dễ hơn môn Vật lý. Câu viết lại bắt đầu bằng Physics is not, do đó ta cần sử dụng dạng so sánh không bằng S1 + to be + not + asso + adj + as + S2. Câu viết lại nghĩa là Đối với Nga thì môn Vật lý không dễ như môn Toán. 10. I advise you to see a doctor. You ought ______________________. to see a doctor. Câu gốc nghĩa là Tôi khuyên anh nên đi khám đi. Câu viết lại có sử dụng ought, nên ta sử dụng ought to + V (nên làm gì) để viết lại câu.
Trang 1BÀI TẬP CÂU CẬN NGHĨA
Mục đích của dạng bài này là kiểm tra kiến thức về những cấu trúc tương đương hay cách chuyển đổi câu Thông thường đề thường đưa ra một câu và yêu cầu thí sinh chọn câu có nghĩa gần nhất với câu đãcho trong số 4 câu cho sẵn Tuy nhiên từ năm 2015, với sự đổi mới trong đề thi dạng bài tập này được thay thế bằng dạng viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
Những đơn vị kiến thức thường được kiểm tra trong dạng bài tập này bao gồm:
- Chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
E.g Newton discovered gravity -> Gravity was discovered by Newton
- Các dạng câu điều kiện
E.g I was ill so I couldn't go -> If I hadn't been so ill, I could have gone
- Các dạng so sánh
E.g John is taller than Jane -> Jane is not as tall as John
- Câu trực tiếp - câu gián tiếp
E.g "Go away!" he said -> He told us to go away
- Các từ/ cụm từ tương đương
E.g How much did you pay for it? -> How much did it cost you?
- Các cách diễn đạt tương đương
E.g It was so hot that -> It was such a hot day that
I spent twenty minutes on that puzzle -> It took me twenty minutes to do that puzzle
- Các cách diễn đạt tương đương liên quan đến sự thay đổi thì của động từ
E.g I haven't seen her for a long time -> It's a long time since I last saw her
I shouldn't have done it -> I wish I hadn't done it
Thường thì mỗi câu hỏi chỉ kiểm tra 1 đơn vị kiến thức
Cách thức làm dạng bài tập này:
1 Đọc kĩ câu gốc và phải chắc chắn rằng bạn hiểu ý nghĩa của câu gốc
2 Nhìn lướt qua 4 lựa chọn, tìm ra điểm giống và điểm khác biệt (về hình thức)
E.g A neighbour is looking after the children while I'm out
A A neighbour is taking care of the children while I'm out.
B A neighbour is taking care for the children while I'm out.
C A neighbour is taking care about the children while I'm out.
D A neighbour is taking care to the children while I'm out.
4 lựa chọn giống hệt nhau chỉ khác mỗi giới từ theo sau "taking care" Do đó sẽ rất mất thời gian nếu thí sinh chú ý đến cả câu và sẽ mất thời gian hơn nữa nếu dịch nghĩa từng câu
3 Xem xét từng lựa chọn, chú ý tới những điểm khác biệt tìm được ở bước trên
Đến đây có 2 cách để làm:
a Dựa vào ý nghĩa
b Dựa vào cấu trúc ngữ pháp (Cấu trúc được sử dụng trong các lựa chọn có đúng ngữ pháp không) và mối quan hệ giữa các ý trong câu (chúng có được thiết lập một cách logic hay không)
Hai cách này nên được vận dụng một cách linh hoạt trong từng trường hợp cụ thể Các em học sinh khilàm dạng bài này có xu hướng dịch nghĩa từng câu để từ đó tìm ra câu gần nghĩa nhất Tuy nhiên đây không phải là phương pháp tối ưu và không nên áp dụng trong tất cả các trường hợp Có những câu khidịch nghĩa ra cả 4 lựa chọn đều có nghĩa na ná nhau Khi đó phương pháp này không những không hiệu quả mà còn gây mất thời gian
Trong ví dụ trên, ta biết look after = take care of (trông nom, chăm sóc), từ đó chọn được đáp án đúng.Trên đây là cách làm chung nhất, cách làm cụ thể cho từng trường hợp cụ thể sẽ được đề cập trong quátrình các bạn làm bài tập Trong tiếng Anh có câu tục ngữ
"Practice makes perfect"
Các em hãy kiên trì làm bài tập để rèn luyện khả năng ứng phó với dạng bài
tập này nhé Chúc thành công!
Trang 2I Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 It rained during the match, but we enjoyed it all the same.
A It rained during the match and we did not enjoy the match
B It rained during the match and we enjoyed it less
C It rained during the match and we enjoyed it in the same way as others
D It rained during the match but we enjoyed it
2 Donald could not help weeping when he heard the bad news.
A Donald could not stop himself from weeping at the bad news
B Donald could not allow himself to sweep at the bad news
C Donald could not help himself and so he wept
D Donald could not help himself because he was weeping
3 "When I met my long-lost brother, I was at a loss for words."
A When the speaker met his brother, he was puzzled about what to say
B When the speaker met his brother, he had much to say
C When the speaker met his brother, he refused to say anything
D When the speaker met his brother, he had nothing pleasant to say
4 It's a pity that you didn't tell us about this.
A I wish you told us about this B I wish you would tell us about this
C I wish you had told us about this D I wish you have told us about this
5 Without transportation, our modern society could not exist.
A Our modern society could not exist if there is no transportation
B Our modern society will not exist without having traffic
C If there were no transportation, our society would not exist
D If transportation no longer exists, our society will not either
6 The newspaper has a circulation of five million.
A The paper is five million years old B Five million people read the newspaper
C Five million newspaper are put in a circle D The newspaper is round in shape
7 No sooner had they found her number than they called her.
A They called her as soon as they found her number
B They found her number sooner or later C They called her number sooner or later
D They found her number as soon as they called her
8 He got over his illness in three months.
A It took to get over his illness in three months.B It took three months for him to get over his illness
C It took him three months to get over his illness.D It took three months for his illness to get over
9 Though he tried hard, he didn’t succeed.
A However hard he tried, he didn’t succeed B However he tried hard, he didn’t succeed
C However he didn’t succeed, he tried hard D However he tried hard but he didn’t succeed
10 Joe still likes Madonna.
A Joe was a fan of Madonna's for years B Joe has been a fan of Madonna's for years
C Joe used to like Madonna years ago D Joe is being a fan of Madonna
II Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 The room was so full that we couldn't get in.
A The room was too full for us to get in B The room was too full so that we can't get in
C The room was too full that we can't get in D The room was too full that we couldn't get in
2 I wish I had chosen English to study at school.
A The speaker studied English and now regrets doing so
B The speaker is not studying English C The speaker regrets not choosing English at school
D The speaker regrets having chosen English to study
3 Leather gloves last longer than plastic ones.
A Plastic gloves last not as long as leather ones B Plastic gloves last shorter than leather ones
C Plastic gloves don't last as much as leather ones
D Plastic gloves don't last as long as leather ones
Trang 34 The book interested me more than the film.
A I thought the book was more interesting than the film
B I thought the book was more interested than the film
C I thought the book was as interesting as the film
D I thought the book was not as interesting as the film
5 The teacher did not allow the class to leave before 4:30.
A The teacher made the class to stay until after 4:30
B The teacher made the class not leave until after 4:30
C The teacher made the class stay until after 4:30 D The teacher made the class leave after 4:30
6 If I were you, I'd look for another job.
A I suggest that you looked for another job B I suggest looking for another job
C I suggest you to look for another job D I suggest that you look for another job
7 I only remembered the appointment when it was too late.
A It was only when it was too late that I remembered the appointment
B Not until it was too late that I remembered the appointment
C Only when it was too late that I remembered the appointment
D It was not until it was too late that I remembered the appointment
8 She finds it difficult to get up early.
A She used to get up early B She didn't use to get up early
C She isn't used to getting up early D She is used to getting up early
9 I met her when I was staying in Paris last summer.
A I had met her before I went to Paris last summer.B I met her during my stay in Paris last summer
C I met her after I went to Paris last summer D I met her during I was staying in Paris last summer
10 Do shops usually stay open so late in this country?
A Are shops usually opened so late in this country?
B Do you usually open shops so late in this country?
C Is it usual for shops to be opened so late in this country?
D Is it usual for shops to stay open so late in this country?
III Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 Mrs Sally asked the students to hand in their assignments.
A Mrs Sally gave the class an assignment
B Mrs Sally gave the students a hand with their assignments
C Mrs Sally asked the students to give their assignments to her
D Mrs Sally asked the students to raise their hands if they wanted to ask a question
2 Because of working hard, she fell ill.
A She worked so hard that she fell ill B She didn't work so she fell ill
C She was too ill to work hard D She wasn't ill although she worked hard
3 It's been fourteen years since I last saw my brother.
A I didn't see my brother 14 years ago B I haven't seen my brother for 14 years
C I see my brother once every 14 years D My brother is 14 years old
4 Jack is afraid he'll gain weight if he stops smoking.
A Jack is afraid of smoking B Jack doesn't realize the dangers of smoking
C Jack is afraid he'll become fat if he gives up smoking
D Jack is afraid he'll lose weight if he doesn't smoke
5 Fewer people came to the meeting than we had expected.
A Too many people came to the meeting
B There were more people at the meeting than we had expected
C We had expected more people to come to the meeting
D There were not enough seats for all people as we had expected
6 I should have studied last night but I was too tired.
A I studied last night because I was bored B I studied last night because I had to
C I tried to study last night, but material was too hard
Trang 4D I couldn't study last night because I was very tired.
7 Although Mr Pike was seriously ill, he still composed nice pieces of music.
A Mr Pike's pieces of music were very serious
B Mr Pike didn't compose any nice pieces of music because he was seriously ill
C Despite his serious illness, Mr Pike still composed nice pieces of music
D Mr Pike were too ill to compose music
8 The coffee was strong, but it didn't keep us awake.
A The coffee was strong and it could keep us awake
B We were kept awake because the coffee was strong
C The coffee wasn't strong enough to keep us awake
D The coffee was so hot that it didn't keep us awake
9 He can hardly understand this matter because he's too young.
A This matter is too hard for him to understand B He's young, but he can understand this matter
C The matter was difficult but he can understand it
D Hardly can he understand this matter because he's too young
10 My mother had the house decorated.
A My mother had someone decorate the house.B My mother had to decorate the house
C The house is going to be decorated by my mother
D My mother had just decorated the house
11 "Could you hold the line, please?" said the operator.
A The operator told me to stop my call B The operator told me to speak
C The operator told me to wait D The operator told me to call back later
12 If you don't understand this word, look it up in the dictionary.
A If you know this word, tell me B If you don't know this word, I'll tell you
C If my dictionary hasn't got the word, I'll find another one
D If you don't know this word, find it in the dictionary
13 She hates shopping in large supermarkets and prefers buying food in small shops or street markets.
A She never goes shopping B She often buys food in the supermarket
C She often buys food in small shops and street markets D She goes shopping every day
14 Surprisingly for an American, he doesn't drink any coke.
A He always drinks coke B A lot of American people drink coke
C He is a surprise for the Americans D He sometimes drinks coke
15 Just breathing the air in Mexico City is the same as smoking 40 cigarettes a day.
A An average person in Mexico City smokes 40 cigarettes a day
B Taking in the air in this city is good for your health
C Taking in the air in this city has the same effect as smoking 40 cigarettes
D People in Mexico never smoke
IV Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 It took her two hours to do housework yesterday.
A She spent two hours to doing housework yesterday
B It took her two hours doing housework yesterday
C She spent two hours doing housework yesterday
D Do housework yesterday took him two hours
2 The weather is very cold, so they can't go swimming.
A The weather is so cold that they can't go swimming
B The weather isn't cold enough for them to go swimming
C The weather is too cold for them going swimming
D It is so a cold weather that they can't go swimming
3 My friend is living in Moscow I received this letter from him.
A My friend, whom I received this letter, is living in Moscow
B My friend, from whom I received this letter, is living in Moscow
C My friend whom I received this letter from is living in Moscow
Trang 5D My friend, that I received this letter, is living in Moscow.
4 They saw the children play football in the street.
A The children were being seen to play football in the street
B The children were seen to playing football in the street
C The children were seen play football in the street
D The children were seen to play football in the street
5 I have never been to France before.
A It's the first time that I've gone to France B It's the first time that I went to France
C It's the first time that I've been to France D It's the first time that I was to France
6 It's a pity that you didn't tell us about this.
A I wish you told us about this B I wish you had told us about this
C I wish you would tell us about this D I wish you have told us about this
7 He's getting them to mend the windows.
A He's having the windows to mend B He's having to mend the windows
C He's having to be mended the windows D He's having the windows mended
8 It started to rain at 2 o'clock and it is still raining.
A It has been raining at 2 o'clock B It has been raining since 2 o'clock
C It has been raining for 2 o'clock D It has been raining in 2 o'clock
9 They made her hand over her passport.
A She was made to hand over her passport B She was made hand over her passport
C She was handed over to make her passport D She was handed over for her passport to make
10 I tried to eat the cake, but it was too sweet.
A It was such a sweet cake that I couldn't eat it.B It was so sweet cake that I couldn't eat it
C The cake was too sweet that I couldn't eat it D The cake was very sweet that I couldn't eat it
11 My brother and I went to that school.
A I went to that school and my brother, too B I went to that school and so my brother did
C I went to that school and so did my brother D I went to that school and so my brother did, too
12 She said to us: "Don't be late again."
A She said to us not to be late again B She told us to be not late again
C She told to us not to be late again D She told us not to be late again
13 I often get up early in the morning.
A I am used to getting up early in the morning B I am used to get up early in the morning
C I used to get up early in the morning D I used to getting up early in the morning
14 Getting a good job doesn't interest him.
A He isn't good at getting an interesting job B He isn't interested in getting a good job
C He is only interested in getting a good job D Even a good job isn't suitable to him
15 The garden is too small to play football in.
A The garden is so small not to play football in B The garden is small enough to play football in
C The garden isn't big enough to play football in
D The garden is such small that they can't play football in
V Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 Second prize was awarded to an unknown author from Pastra.
A An award of second prize was given an unknown author from Pastra
B An unknown author from Pastra was awarded second prize
C An unknown author from Pastra was awarded with the second prize
D Unknown author was awarded second
2 I used to live alone.
A I lived by myself but I no longer do it now B I lived by myself and I was used to it
C I am used to living alone D I was used to living by myself
3 I was late for work because the bus broke down.
A As the bus was broken, I was late for work B Due to a bus break-down, I was late for work
C Since the bus broke into pieces, I was late for work
Trang 6D Due to the fact that the bus was broken, I was late for work.
4 "If I were you, I would get in touch with the boss."
A He suggested that I would get in touch with the boss
B He suggested keeping in touch with the boss
C He recommended that I should get in touch with the boss
D He wished he were me so that he could get in touch with the boss
5 I'm not very good at gardening, I'm afraid.
A I'm not much of a gardener, I'm afraid B I regret that I bad at gardening
C I'm scared to work in the garden D I am afraid of working in the garden
6 We started cooking for the party four hours ago.
A We began to cook for the party for four hours
B We have been cooking for the party for four hours
C We cooked for the party for four hours D We cooked for the party four hours ago
7 The boatmen were able to escape just before the boat sank.
A The boatmen could escape just before the boat sank
B The boatmen attempted to escape just before the boat sank
C The boatmen succeeded to escape just before the boat sank
D The boatmen managed to escape just before the boat sank
8 It may be possible for you to go there without a visa.
A It may not be impossible for you to go there without a visa
B You may be possible to go there without a visa
C It may be unnecessary for you to get a visa to go there
D You may find it possible to get a visa to go there
9 Please don't use the shower after midnight.
A Would you mind not to use the shower after midnight?
B Would you like to use the shower after midnight?
C I don't want you to use the shower D Would you mind not using the shower after midnight?
10 It would be better if you did not bring your dog in here.
A I'd rather you hadn't brought you dog in here.B I wish you hadn't brought your dog in here
C I'd rather you didn't bring your dog in here
D You have brought your dog in here, which is against the rules
11 The car is more expensive than it ought to be.
A The car ought to be expensive B The car shouldn't be so cheap
C The car looks like an inexpensive automobile D The car costs more than it should
12 Jane hardly ever enjoys eating vegetables.
A She enjoys eating vegetables B She has fun growing vegetables
C She almost never eats vegetables D She sells vegetables for living
13.We had several guests at our house over the holidays.
A We were guests at our friend's house B Several people visited us during the holidays
C The holidays were over by the time our guests arrived
D We guessed that several people would come
14 I can't believe that he did it without telling me first.
A I can't believe what he told me B He told me that he did it first
C He didn't believe that I told him first D He didn't inform me before he did it
15 It is too late to change it, so leave it the way it is.
A It can't be altered at this point B We should change it before he finds it out
C We can't leave it the way it is D He should approve the changes before he leaves
VI Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 I've warned you not to leave the door unlocked.
A You shouldn't unlock the door B Leaving the door unlocked was no good
C I've warned you about leaving the door unlocked D I told you not to lock the door
2 Christine suggested getting a new lock for the front door.
Trang 7A Christine suggested to get the new front door lock.
B It's necessary for Christine to have a new lock
C Christine said "Why don't you get a new lock for the front door?"
D Chistine wanted to have a new lock
3 Murder is the most serious of all crimes.
A Murder is very serious B Everyone is very afraid of murder
C No crime is more serious than murder.D Murder is the dangerous crime
4 This is the first time I have lived in a city with a high crime rate.
A I am not used to living in a city with a high crime rate
B I am very afraid of living in a city with a high crime rate
C Living in a city with a high crime rate is dangerous D I don't like to live in such a high crime rate
5 I won't agree until Tom apologizes.
A Only when Tom apologizes will I agree B Only when Tom apologizes I will agree
C I only agree when Tom apologize D I wait for Tom apologize to agree
6 I agree he's a good worker but I still don't think he should get the job.
A He can't get the job though he was a good worker
B Despite the fact that he's a good worker, I don't think he should get the job
C He is such a good worker that he can get the job D He is too bad to get the job
7 The residents get very angry when bicycles are left in the hallway.
A The residents didn't like the bicycles in the hallway
B The residents was upset because they lost the bicycles
C The residents liked the bicycles put out of the hallway
D The residents all wish bicycles weren't left in the hall
8 "John shouldn't have behaved so badly," said Janet.
A Janet doesn't like John's behaviour B Janet objected to John's bad behaviour
C Janet dislikes John D Janet was angry with John
9 Anna failed to understand how serious her illness was until she spoke to the doctor.
A Anna doesn't understand how serious her illness is
B Not until she spoke to the doctor did Anna understand how serious her illness was
C The doctor said that Anna's illness was very serious
D Anna went to see the doctor because she knew that her illness was serious
10 Mary didn't wear the raincoat, so she got a cold.
A If Mary wore the raincoat, she wouldn't get a cold
B If Mary had worn the raincoat, she didn't get a cold
C If Mary had worn the raincoat, she wouldn't have got a cold
D If Mary has worn the raincoat, she won't have got a cold
11 I've never eaten this food before.
A It's the first time I've eaten this food B It's the most tasty food I've ever eaten
C I've never eaten such a good food before D The food is so good that I've never eaten before
12 We couldn't go out because the weather was so bad.
A It was so bad a weather that we couldn't go out.B It was such a bad weather that we couldn't go out
C It was so bad weather that we couldn't go out D It was such bad weather that we couldn't go out
13 I'm always nervous when I travel by air.
A Travel by air always makes me nervous B Travelling by air always makes me nervous
C I never travel by air because I sometimes feel nervous
D I always feel nervous so I never travel by air
14 Caroline asked me what time the meeting would end.
A Caroline said, "What time will the meeting end?"
B Caroline said, "What time would the meeting end?"
C Caroline said, "What time the meeting will end?"
D Caroline said, "What time the meeting would end?"
15 John said, "You'd better not lend them any money, Daisy."
Trang 8A John said Daisy not to lend them any money B John said to Daisy not lend them any money.
C John advised Daisy should not lend them any money
D John advised Daisy not to lend them any money
VII Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 Trying to shop with young children is a nightmare.
A She never goes shopping alone B She prefers shopping with young children
C She likes going shopping with young chidren
D She finds shopping with young children stressful and terrible
2 I find shopping stressful because I'm always afraid of making mistakes I've got a collection of awful
mistakes at the back of my wardrobe, which I never wear
A He's bad at shopping B Shopping always makes him enjoyable
C He always makes a mistake when shopping
D He buys everything then he puts them at the back of his wardrobe
3 Choosing things from catalogues and the TV shopping channels is the only kind of shopping I enjoy.
A He doesn't like shopping B He never goes shopping
C He likes shopping from home D He likes going to the markets or supermarkets to shop
4 Arantxa spends about nine months a year travelling around the world playing tennis.
A She stays at home for three months a year B She doesn't have to travel a lot in her job
C She spends most of her time staying at home playing tennis D She doesn't play tennis a lot
5 Jame's document got lost in his house.
A Jame's house is lost B Jame lost his way in the house
C Jame could not find his document D The house was lost in Jame's document
6 Jane suggested going a walking holiday.
A "How about going on a walking holiday?" said Jane
B Jane wanted to go on a walking holiday alone
C Jane suggested they gone on a walking holiday D Jane didn't want to go on walking holiday
7 I haven't stayed in a hotel for years.
A It's years since I stay in a hotel B It's years since I stayed in a hotel
C I haven't stayed in a hotel years ago D It's years when I stayed in a hotel
8 They rested for a couple of days in Toronto, then went on to Vancouver.
A After going on to Vancouver, they rested for a couple of days in Toronto
B They didn't like Toronto, so they went to Vancouver
C Before they went to Vancouver, they came to Toronto
D After resting for a couple of days in Toronto, they went on to Vancouver
9 When you are going to tropical countries, you should get medical advice first.
A Before gone to tropical countries, you should get medical advice first
B Before getting medical advice, you're going to tropical countries
C You should get medical advice , before you will go to the tropical countries
D Before going to tropical countries, you should get medical advice first
10 There's a daily flight to the island at 07.50.
A Every day, there is a flight at 7:50 B There's a filght carrying milk to the island at 7:50
C A plane leaves for the island at 07:50 daily D There's a flight to the island at 7:50 every week
11 A train leaves at 8 o'clock every morning.
A There was an 8 o'clock train every morning B Every train will leave at 8 o'clock
C Every morning I see a train leaving D There is an 8 o'clock train every morning
12 That was a silly thing to say.
A What a silly thing to say B That is very silly C How silly it is! D I don't like silly things
13 The story of their sufferings was painful to listen to.
A I don't like to listen to their sufferings.B It was painful to listen to the story of their sufferings
C They always complained of their sufferings D Their sufferings make me painful
14 Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert.
A Bill arrived late for the concert because he takes a taxi
Trang 9B Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.
C In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert
D Although Bill took a taxi he can't come to the concert in time
15 It's such a pity your sister can't come as well.
A I am very sorry that your sister couldn't come B I wonder why your sister can't come
C If only your sister could come as well D If only your sister can come
VIII Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 The thick fog made it impossible for the plane to land.
A The plane couldn't land B The plane was unable to land because the fog is thick
C The plane was unable to land because of the thick fog D The plane is impossible to land
2 A local woman washed all Rose's clothes for her.
A Rose had all her clothes washed by a local woman
B Rose asked to local woman wash all her clothes
C All of Rose's clothes has been washed by a local woman
D Rose had all her clothes to wash by a local woman
3 Barbara is not as keen on travel as she used to be.
A Barbara is very keen on travel B Barbara used to be keener on travel
C Barbara used to travel many places D Barbara likes travelling
4 Eric hasn't been to London since his sister's birthday.
A Eric came to London on his sister's birthday
B The last time Eric went to London was on his sister's birthday
C Eric hasn't visited to London for many years
D Eric missed his sister's birthday because he couldn't go to London
5 The Caribbean cruise takes six weeks.
A It's a six-week Caribbean cruise B It's a six-weeks Caribbean cruise
C The cruise has been to Caribbean for 6 weeks D It's six-week Caribbean cruise
6 The train came suddenly to a stop and some passengers were injured.
A Coming suddenly to a stop, some passengers were injured
B Coming suddenly to a stop, the train made some passengers injured
C Suddenly stopping running, some passengers were injured
D Suddenly stopped, some passengers injured themselves
7 No sooner had Alice registered for the course than she received the scholarship.
A As soon as Alice registered for the course, she received the scholarship
B Registering for the course helped Alice receive the scholarship
C Alice registered for the course soon after receiving the scholarship
D Rather than receive the scholarship, Alice registered for the course
8 No one but you and me knows who the robber was.
A Only you know who the robber was B Only I know who the robber was
C Only one knows who the robber was D Only you and I know who the robber was
9 The fare of my airline ticket costs more than the hotel.
A The fare of my airline ticket costs more than the hotel does
B The fare of my airline ticket costs more than any hotel
C The fare of my airline ticket costs more than price of the hotel
D The fare which I paid for my airline ticket was more than the hotel
10 The critics were bored with the play while I found it absorbing.
A The critics were bored with the play which I found it absorbing
B The critics were bored with the play, therefore, I found it absorbing
C The critics were bored with the play so I found it absorbing
D The critics were bored with the play but I found it absorbing
11 I wish my English were fluent enough to go for the interview.
A My English is too fluent to go for the interview
B My English is fluent enough to go for the interview
Trang 10C If only my English were fluent enough for me to go for the interview.
D My English were fluent enough and I could go for the interview
12 William runs faster than any boys in his class.
A No one in William's class can run as fast as him B William is the quickest boy in his class
C William is running faster than anyone else in his class.D William runs the fastest in his school
13 I'd prefer to go swimming than go surfing.
A Swimming is more interesting than go surfing B I like going swimming to going surfing
C I would like to go swimming, not go surfing D Swimming is better than surfing, in my opinion
14 In order to settle the matter, I will accept their suggestion.
A To settle the matter, you should accept their suggestion
B Setting the matter, I accept their suggestion
C I will accept their suggestion in case the matter is settled
D I will accept their suggestion to settle the matter
15 "I'm sorry I have to leave so early," he said.
A He apologized for having to leave early B He apologized to have to leave early
C He apologized that he has to leave early D He apologized to have left early
IX Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes
A If Susan ate four cream cakes, she would feel sick B Susan eats four cakes so she feels sick
C If Susan hadn't eaten four cream cakes, she wouldn't feel sick
D If Susan hadn't eaten four cakes, she wouldn't have felt sick
2 When I was younger I used to go climbing more than I do now
A Now I don't go climbing any more B I used to go climbing when I was younger
C Now I don't go climbing as much as I did D I don't like going climbing any more
3 I'll find that man, no matter how long it takes
A It takes me a long time to find that man B However long it may take, I'll find that man
C I can't find that man because it will take a long time
D Although it took a long time I could find that man
4 Wherever he goes, his mother goes too
A His mother follows him wherever he goes B He follows his mother's way
C He always follows his mother's advice D His mother shows him the way to go
5 What particularly impressed me was her excellent command of English
A Her excellent command of English particularly impresses me
B Her excellent command of English particular impresses me
C I like her excellent command of English
D I was particularly impressed by her excellent command of English
6 He got over his illness in three months
A It took to get over his illness in three months.B It took three months to him to get over his illness
C It took him three months to get over his illness.D It took three months for his illness to get over
7 She was so busy that she couldn't answer the phone
A She was very busy that she couldn't answer the phone
B She was too busy to answer the phone C She was too busy not to answer the phone
D She was very busy so that she couldn't answer the phone
8 I didn't listen to him, and I didn't succeed
A If I listened to him, I would succeed.B If I had listened to him, I would succeed
C If I listened to him, I would have succeeded.D If I had listened to him, I would have succeeded
9 Though he tried hard, he didn't succeed
A However hard he tried, he didn't succeed.B However he tried hard, he didn't succeed
C However he didn't succeed, he tried hard.D However he tried hard, but he didn't succeed
10 This office is too small for four people
A This office is very small for four people.B This office isn't big enough for four people
C This office is so small to have four people.D This office isn't enough big for four people
Trang 1111 You will have to pay at least 100 pounds to get this camera.
A You will be impossible to get this camera for less than 100 pounds
B You'll find it impossible to get this camera for less than 100 pounds
C You'll be impossible to get this camera less than 100 pounds
D You'll have to be paid at least 100 pounds to get this camera
12 Paul is employed by Sony, isn't he?
A Paul works for Sony, didn't he? B Paul works for Sony, did he?
C Paul works for Sony, doesn't he? D Paul works for Sony, does he?
13 You should fasten your seat belt before driving away
A You should drive away when you fasten your seat belt
B You should drive away after you fasten your seat belt
C You should drive away before fastening you seat belt
D You shouldn't drive away without fastening your seat belt
14 "Can I borrow your pen please, Sam?" said Gillian
A Gillian asked Sam if she can borrow his pen.B Gillian asked Sam if she could borrow his pen
C Gillian asked Sam she can borrow his pen D Gillian asked Sam she could borrow his pen
15 Not taking a difficult exam is worse than failing it
A If one is going to fail a difficult exam, it is better not to take it
B To fail a difficult exam is worse than not to take it
C It is better to fail a difficult exam than not to take it at all
D Because the exam is difficult, it is better not to take it
X Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 This is the worst production of this play I've ever seen
A I have never seen so bad a production of this play
B I have never seen such bad a production of this play
C I have never seen so bad production of this play
D I have never seen such bad production of this play
2 It is useless to argue with him
A It is no use to argue with him B It is no use arguing with him
C It is no use of arguing with him D It is no use for him to argue
3 "Could you wait a second while I get my books?" Peter said to Jane
A Peter said to Jane to wait a second while he got his books
B Peter said to Jane she could wait a second while he got his books
C Peter asked Jane she could wait a second while he got his books
D Peter asked Jane to wait a second while he got his books
4 Whenever she went to Paris she bought a new dress
A She never went to Paris to buy a new dress B She never went to Paris without buying a new dress
C She never bought a new dress without going to Paris
D She never bought a new dress when she went to Paris
5 Our newspaper reporter in Paris sent this report
A This report was sent by our newspaper reporter in Paris
B This report was sent to Paris by our newspaper reporter
C This report was sent for Paris by our newspaper reporter
D This report was sent to our newspaper reporter in Paris
6 The bus drivers' strike made it hard for us to get to work
A We were impossible to get to work because of the bus drivers' strike
B We found it impossible to get to work because the bus drivers' trike
C We couldn't get to work because of the bus drivers' strike
D We couldn't get to work because the bus drivers' strike
7 I like to play tennis in the summer
A I am very interested on playing tennis in the summer
B I am very keen in playing tennis in the summer
Trang 12C I am very interested to playing tennis in the summer.
D I am very fond of playing tennis in the summer
8 They usually have quite a big meal at lunch time
A They are used to having a big meal at lunch time.B They are used to have a big meal at lunch time
C They used to have a big meal at lunch time D They used to having a big meal at lunch time
9 Despite feeling cold we kept walking
A Although we felt cold, but we kept walking B Although we felt cold, we kept walking
C However cold we felt, but we kept walking D However we felt cold, we kept walking
10 Harriet was upset because she saw Peter with another woman
A Harriet was upset because of Peter's girl friend
B It was because she saw Peter with another woman that upset Harriet
C Peter upset Harriet because he can go well with Peter's woman
D Harriet was upset because she can go well with Peter's woman
11 We must take steps to preserve natural resources otherwise the planet will be in danger
A Unless we take steps to preserve natural resources, the planet will be in danger
B The natural resources will be in danger
C We will destroy our natural resources D The natural resources must be preserved
12 We had planned to visit our grandmother, so we left early in the morning
A We left early to see our grandmother
B We left early because we are planning to visit our grandmother
C We left early because we were intending to visit our grandmother
D We were going to visit our grandmother so we try to leave early
13 I prefer going out for a meal to staying at home
A I'd like to go out for a meal B Going out for a meal is very interesting
C I'd rather go out for a meal than stay at home
D Staying at home is more boring than going out for a meal
14 I'm never going to visit them again
C That's the last time I have visited them D I don't like to see them at all
15 How old do you think this house is?
A Do you know when the house is built? B When do you think the house was built?
C When do you think the house is built? D When is the house built?
XI Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 You should peel and chop the onion and then fry it
A The onion should be peeled and chopped and then fried
B The onion should be fried, peeled and chopped C The onion is peeled and chopped and fried
D The onion was peeled, chopped and fried
2 When you clean the machine, turn off the mains supply
A After you clean the machine, don't forget to turn off the mains supply
B Before cleaning the machine, turn off the mains supply
C You turn off the mains supply after you clean the machine
D You should clean the machine when you turn off the mains supply
3 Jane suggested buying a food processor
A Jane suggested them to buy a food processor.B Jane suggested that they will buy a food processor
C "Why don't you buy a food processor?" said Jane D Jane suggested to buy a food processor
4 No one has been to collect the rubbish this week
A The rubbish have not been collected this week B The rubbish has been collected this week
C The rubbish has not been collected this week D The rubbish is not collected this week
5 My parents wanted me to go the university but I didn't fancy it
A My parents wanted to go the university but I didn't fancy it
B I didn't fancy going to the university as my parents did
Trang 13C I didn't fancy going to the university although my parents wanted me to go.
D I hardly fancied going to university but for my parents' wish
6 I went to school with Madeline when we lived near each other
A I used to go to school with Madeline when we lived near each other
B Madeline and I lived near the school C I went to school nearby with Madeline
D Madeline's school was near mine and we lived with each other
7 The PC is undeniably the best tool for the job
A No one can deny that the PC is the best tool for the job
B The PC is not the best tool for the job C They deny that the PC is the best tool for the job
D The PC could be the best tool for the job
8 Sales of snack-sized pizzas have increased this year
A They increased the sale of snack-sized pizzas this year
B There is an increase in sales of snack-sized pizzas this year
C They had increased the sales of snack-sized pizzas this year
D There has been an increase in sales of snack-sized pizzas this year
9 He prefers typing to writing by hand
A He doesn't like to write by hand at all B He likes typing better
C He'd rather type than write by hand D He doesn't like typing
10 Our garden was badly damaged in last week's storm
A Last week the garden has been damaged B Last week's storm badly damaged our garden
C The storm has damaged our garden badly D The storm was damaged our garden last week
11 Having become completely deaf, Beethoven was forced to compose music "in his head"
A Beethoven was forced to compose music "in his head" to keep it to himself
B Beethoven was forced to compose music "in his head" because he was deaf
C His deafness prevented Beethoven from composing music "in his head"
D Beethoven became deaf after he had composed music "in his head"
12 It has been said that UFO sightings are increasing
A People say that UFO sightings are increasing.B People have said that UFO sightings are increasing
C That UFO sightings are increasing is true D UFO has been said to be increasing
13 Never have people been so well informed as they are now, thanks to TV news programs
A People have been so informative thanks to TV news programs nowadays
B Thanks to TV news programs, people are now too well informed
C People are better informed than they have been, thanks to TV news programs
D TV news programs are very informative than before and people are better informed
14 A lot of language young people use is not understood by their parents
A Young people use a lot of languages their parents can't stand
B A lot of the language yound people use is understandable by their parents
C A lot of young people use the language their parents do not speak
D Some parents can not understand a lot of the language young people use
15 Had he known more about the internet, he would have invested in some computer companies
A Knowing about the internet helped him invest in some computer companies
B He did not know much about the internet and he did not invest in any computer companies
C Knowing about the internet, he would have invested in some computer companies
D He would have invested in some computer companies without his knowledge of the internet
XII Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 Study all night is good for neither your grades nor your health
A Study all night is good for your grades B Study all night does not help at all
C Study all night is good for your health D Study all night is helpful to you
2 My purpose in calling this meeting is to present the latest sales figures
A I have called this meeting in order to present the latest sales figures
B I aimed to call this meeting because I wanted to know the latest sales figures
C I have called this meeting in order that I would present the latest sales figures
Trang 14D Both A and C
3 But for his father's early retirement, Richard would not have taken over the family's business
A Richard only took over the family's business because his father decided to retire early
B Richard didn't take over the family's business because his father decided to retire
C His father retired early, but he ran the family's business
D Richard's father didn't want him to take over the family's business despite his retirement
4 I find myself at a loss to understand Harold's behavior
A I lost contact with Harold, so I couldn't understand his behavior
B I have to lose a lot to understand Harold's behavior
C I understood Harold's behavior completely
D I find Harold's behavior quite incomprehensible
5 With the exception of the music teacher every member of the staff attended the farewell party
A The music teacher was very exceptional at the farewell party
B All the staff members including the music teacher attended the farewell party
C The music teacher was the only member of the staff not to attend the farewell party
D All of the above
6 Although he was very tired, he agreed to help me with my homework
A Tired as he was, he agreed to help me with my homework
B Despite being very tired, but he agreed to help me with my homework
C Tired though he was, but he agreed to help me with my homework
D As tired as was he, he agreed to help me with my homework
7 I'm like my mum, whereas my brother looks like my dad
A I'm like my mum, whereas my brother takes after my dad
B I'm like my mum, whereas my brother takes over my dad
C I'm like my mum, whereas my brother takes on my dad
D I'm like my mum, whereas my brother takes in my dad
8 She had only just begun to speak when people started interrupting
A She hardly had begun to speak when people started interrupting
B Hardly she had begun to speak when people started interrupting
C Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting
D She hadn't begun to speak when people started interrupting
9 They would have never accepted his money if they had known his plan
A They knew what he wanted to do, so they refused his money
B They agreed with his wishes because they were glad to have his money
C They took the money he offered them without realizing his purposes
D They didn't know his plan and never took the money from him
10 I was on the point of leaving the house when he came
A No sooner had I left the house than he came B I had hardly left the house when he came
C When he came I had just left the house D I was just about to leave the house when he came
11 Without skilful surgery he would not have survived the operation
A Had it been for skilful surgery he would not have survived the operation
B He wouldn't have survived the operation if he hadn't had skilful surgery
C But for skilful surgery he would not have survived the operation
D With skilful surgery he would have survived the operation
12 If only I had taken that job in the bank
A I regret not taking that job in the bank B I regret not to take that job in the bank
C I wish I took that job in the bank D I wish I have taken that job in the bank
13 Success in the academic field depends on your number of qualifications
A Your number of qualifications is a result of your success in the academic field
B You are successful in the academic field, so you have more qualifications
C The more success you are in the academic field, the more qualifications you have
D The more qualifications you have, the more successful you are in the academic field
Trang 1514 Does parking here cost anything?
A Is parking here costly? B Do I need to pay for parking here?
C How much do you charge for parking here? D Do I have to pay for the park here?
15 No one but James knew how to solve the problem
A The problem couldn't be solved by anyone B Everyone knew how to solve the problem
C James was the only one who couldn't solve the problem D Only James could solve the problem
XIII Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words.
1 It's a long time since he last called me
He hasn't _
2 When did he get the job?
How long ago _
3 I advise you to book a table in advance
XIV Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words.
1 It's a pity I didn't go on holiday with my class last week
I wish
2 My friends and I got lost in the woods because we didn't bring a compass
My friends and I wouldn't
3 My sister enjoys coke more than lemonade
6 Steven Spielberg has directed a lot of successful films
A lot of successful films
7 Her hair needs cutting
She needs
8 The robber made the bank clerk give him all the money
The robber forced
9 "I'll help you to repair your motorbike tomorrow," my father said to me
My father told me
10 Jimmy has a cold He still wants to take part in the football match
Despite having
Trang 16BÀI TẬP CÂU CẬN NGHĨA
Mục đích của dạng bài này là kiểm tra kiến thức về những cấu trúc tương đương hay cách chuyển đổi câu Thông thường đề thường đưa ra một câu và yêu cầu thí sinh chọn câu có nghĩa gần nhất với câu đãcho trong số 4 câu cho sẵn Tuy nhiên từ năm 2015, với sự đổi mới trong đề thi dạng bài tập này được thay thế bằng dạng viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
Những đơn vị kiến thức thường được kiểm tra trong dạng bài tập này bao gồm:
- Chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
E.g Newton discovered gravity -> Gravity was discovered by Newton
- Các dạng câu điều kiện
E.g I was ill so I couldn't go -> If I hadn't been so ill, I could have gone
- Các dạng so sánh
E.g John is taller than Jane -> Jane is not as tall as John
- Câu trực tiếp - câu gián tiếp
E.g "Go away!" he said -> He told us to go away
- Các từ/ cụm từ tương đương
E.g How much did you pay for it? -> How much did it cost you?
- Các cách diễn đạt tương đương
E.g It was so hot that -> It was such a hot day that
I spent twenty minutes on that puzzle -> It took me twenty minutes to do that puzzle
- Các cách diễn đạt tương đương liên quan đến sự thay đổi thì của động từ
E.g I haven't seen her for a long time -> It's a long time since I last saw her
I shouldn't have done it -> I wish I hadn't done it
Thường thì mỗi câu hỏi chỉ kiểm tra 1 đơn vị kiến thức
Cách thức làm dạng bài tập này:
1 Đọc kĩ câu gốc và phải chắc chắn rằng bạn hiểu ý nghĩa của câu gốc
2 Nhìn lướt qua 4 lựa chọn, tìm ra điểm giống và điểm khác biệt (về hình thức)
E.g A neighbour is looking after the children while I'm out
A A neighbour is taking care of the children while I'm out.
B A neighbour is taking care for the children while I'm out.
C A neighbour is taking care about the children while I'm out.
D A neighbour is taking care to the children while I'm out.
4 lựa chọn giống hệt nhau chỉ khác mỗi giới từ theo sau "taking care" Do đó sẽ rất mất thời gian nếu thí sinh chú ý đến cả câu và sẽ mất thời gian hơn nữa nếu dịch nghĩa từng câu
3 Xem xét từng lựa chọn, chú ý tới những điểm khác biệt tìm được ở bước trên
Đến đây có 2 cách để làm:
a Dựa vào ý nghĩa
b Dựa vào cấu trúc ngữ pháp (Cấu trúc được sử dụng trong các lựa chọn có đúng ngữ pháp không) và mối quan hệ giữa các ý trong câu (chúng có được thiết lập một cách logic hay không)
Hai cách này nên được vận dụng một cách linh hoạt trong từng trường hợp cụ thể Các em học sinh khilàm dạng bài này có xu hướng dịch nghĩa từng câu để từ đó tìm ra câu gần nghĩa nhất Tuy nhiên đây không phải là phương pháp tối ưu và không nên áp dụng trong tất cả các trường hợp Có những câu khidịch nghĩa ra cả 4 lựa chọn đều có nghĩa na ná nhau Khi đó phương pháp này không những không hiệu quả mà còn gây mất thời gian
Trong ví dụ trên, ta biết look after = take care of (trông nom, chăm sóc), từ đó chọn được đáp án đúng.Trên đây là cách làm chung nhất, cách làm cụ thể cho từng trường hợp cụ thể sẽ được đề cập trong quátrình các bạn làm bài tập Trong tiếng Anh có câu tục ngữ
"Practice makes perfect"
Các em hãy kiên trì làm bài tập để rèn luyện khả năng ứng phó với dạng bài tập này nhé Chúc các em thành công!
Trang 17I Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 It rained during the match, but we enjoyed it all the same.
A It rained during the match and we did not enjoy the match
B It rained during the match and we enjoyed it less
C It rained during the match and we enjoyed it in the same way as others
D It rained during the match but we enjoyed it
Tất cả các câu đều giống nhau ở vế đầu tiên nên ta xét vế sau Trong câu đề có cụm all the same có
nghĩa là "không có gì khác"
2 Donald could not help weeping when he heard the bad news.
A Donald could not stop himself from weeping at the bad news
B Donald could not allow himself to sweep at the bad news
C Donald could not help himself and so he wept
D Donald could not help himself because he was weeping
Could not help là dạng quá khứ của cannot help (không thể ngừng/ thôi làm gì), phía sau là V-ing Lưu ý: - stop somebody from doing something: ngăn không cho ai làm gì
- weep at/over something: khóc vì việc gì đó
3 "When I met my long-lost brother, I was at a loss for words."
A When the speaker met his brother, he was puzzled about what to say
B When the speaker met his brother, he had much to say
C When the speaker met his brother, he refused to say anything
D When the speaker met his brother, he had nothing pleasant to say
- long-lost (adj): lâu không gặp hoặc không nhận được tín tức gì - at a loss: không biết nói gì hoặc làm gì
- be puzzled about sth: lúng túng, bối rối - refuse to do sth: từ chối làm việc gì
4 It's a pity that you didn't tell us about this.
A I wish you told us about this B I wish you would tell us about this
C I wish you had told us about this D I wish you have told us about this
Ta nhận thấy mệnh đề that trong câu gốc được chia ở thì quá khứ Do đó khi chuyển sang câu ước thì
đó phải là câu ước về những sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ Cấu trúc: S1 + (wish) + (that) + S2 + hadVPII
5 Without transportation, our modern society could not exist.
A Our modern society could not exist if there is no transportation
B Our modern society will not exist without having traffic
C If there were no transportation, our society would not exist
D If transportation no longer exists, our society will not either
Câu gốc là câu điều kiện ẩn với without = if there + (be) + not
Hơn nữa câu này nói đến 1 sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại nên dùng câu điều kiện loại 2
6 The newspaper has a circulation of five million.
A The paper is five million years old B Five million people read the newspaper
C Five million newspaper are put in a circle D The newspaper is round in shape
circulation (n) : tổng số phát hành báo chí
7 No sooner had they found her number than they called her.
A They called her as soon as they found her number
B They found her number sooner or later C They called her number sooner or later
D They found her number as soon as they called her
No sooner than : chẳng bao lâu sau khi thì
Trong cấu trúc này, mệnh đề sau no sooner phải đảo động từ/trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ
As soon as: ngay khi Lưu ý: sooner or later (trong phương án B, C) có nghĩa là "chẳng sớm thì muộn"
8 He got over his illness in three months.
A It took to get over his illness in three months
B It took three months for him to get over his illness
Trang 18C It took him three months to get over his illness.
D It took three months for his illness to get over
Cấu trúc It "take" somebody + khoảng thời gian + to do st có nghĩa là "Ai đó mất bao lâu để làm gì"
9 Though he tried hard, he didn’t succeed.
A However hard he tried, he didn’t succeed B However he tried hard, he didn’t succeed
C However he didn’t succeed, he tried hard D However he tried hard but he didn’t succeed.However + adj + S + V có nghĩa là "dù ai đó có như thế nào/ làm gì"
However hard he tried có nghĩa là "dù anh ấy đã rất nỗ lực"
10 Joe still likes Madonna.
A Joe was a fan of Madonna's for years B Joe has been a fan of Madonna's for years
C Joe used to like Madonna years ago D Joe is being a fan of Madonna
Trạng từ still có nghĩa là "vẫn còn" Hơn nữa động từ likes được chia ở hiện tại đơn ám chỉ trạng thái
có tính chất lâu dài Do đó, có thể dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để biểu thị ý này
II Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 The room was so full that we couldn't get in.
A The room was too full for us to get in.B The room was too full so that we can't get in
C The room was too full that we can't get in.D The room was too full that we couldn't get in
Cấu trúc too + adj + for sb + to do sth có nghĩa là "quá như thế nào khiến ai đó không thể làm gì" Cấu trúc này tương đương với cấu trúc so + adj + that + S + can/could + not + V
2 I wish I had chosen English to study at school.
A The speaker studied English and now regrets doing so
B The speaker is not studying English
C The speaker regrets not choosing English at school
D The speaker regrets having chosen English to study
Câu gốc là câu điều ước về quá khứ, ước về những điều không xảy ra ở quá khứ "Tôi ước là tôi đã chọn học Tiếng Anh khi còn ở trường" Điều đó có nghĩa là trong quá khứ người nói đã không chọn học Tiếng Anh
"Người nói hối hận vì đã không chọc học Tiếng Anh khi còn ở trường."
3 Leather gloves last longer than plastic ones.
A Plastic gloves last not as long as leather ones B Plastic gloves last shorter than leather ones
C Plastic gloves don't last as much as leather ones
D Plastic gloves don't last as long as leather ones
Áp dụng quy tắc chuyển đổi dạng so sánh: A hơn B => B không bằng A Dạng phủ định của last khôngphải là last not mà là don't last
4 The book interested me more than the film.
A I thought the book was more interesting than the film
B I thought the book was more interested than the film
C I thought the book was as interesting as the film
D I thought the book was not as interesting as the film
Dịch: Cuốn sách đó cuốn hút tôi hơn là bộ phim - Câu C và D loại vì không đúng nghĩa:
+ Câu C: Tôi nghĩ cuốn sách cũng hấp dẫn như bộ phim + Câu D: Tôi nghĩ cuốn sách không hấp dẫn bằng bộ phim - Câu B loại vì ta không dùng tính từ dạng VpII để nói về tính chất của vật
5 The teacher did not allow the class to leave before 4:30.
A The teacher made the class to stay until after 4:30
B The teacher made the class not leave until after 4:30
C The teacher made the class stay until after 4:30
D The teacher made the class leave after 4:30
Cấu trúc là make + O + V nên A sai (vì dùng to stay) và B sai (trong cấu trúc này không dùng not) Xét nghĩa câu gốc: Cô giáo không cho chúng tôi về trước 4h30 Căn cứ vào nghĩa "Cô giáo bắt chúng tôi ở lại qua 4h30"
6 If I were you, I'd look for another job.
Trang 19A I suggest that you looked for another job B I suggest looking for another job.
C I suggest you to look for another job D I suggest that you look for another job
Có hai cấu trúc với suggest:
1 suggest + V-ing: gợi ý làm gì đó (người nói cùng thực hiện hành động) 2 suggest that somebody dosomething: gợi ý ai làm gì đó
7 I only remembered the appointment when it was too late.
A It was only when it was too late that I remembered the appointment
B Not until it was too late that I remembered the appointment
C Only when it was too late that I remembered the appointment
D It was not until it was too late that I remembered the appointment
Cấu trúc câu tách It + (be) + + that có tác dụng nhấn mạnh, thành phần được nhấn mạnh nằm sau be
- Câu B sai vì có "not until" đứng đầu câu ta phải đảo "was" lên trước chủ ngữ - Câu C có cụm "only when " đứng đầu câu, ta cũng phải áp dụng đảo ngữ - Câu D sai vì câu này không cần đảo ngữ nhưnglại đảo ngữ
8 She finds it difficult to get up early.
A She used to get up early B She didn't use to get up early
C She isn't used to getting up early D She is used to getting up early
Cần phân biệt 2 cấu trúc với used to:
1 used to V: nói về thói quen trong quá khứ 2 be/get used to Ving: quen/trở nên quen thuộc với việc gì đó "Cô ấy thấy việc dậy sớm thật khó" tương đương với "Cô ấy không quen với việc dậy sớm"
9 I met her when I was staying in Paris last summer.
A I had met her before I went to Paris last summer
B I met her during my stay in Paris last summer
C I met her after I went to Paris last summer
D I met her during I was staying in Paris last summer
during + N/V-ing = when + clause
10 Do shops usually stay open so late in this country?
A Are shops usually opened so late in this country?
B Do you usually open shops so late in this country?
C Is it usual for shops to be opened so late in this country?
D Is it usual for shops to stay open so late in this country?
Trong câu này cần phân biệt sự khác nhau giữa "stay open" và "open" - "open" nói về hành động mở -
"stay open" nói về trạng thái mở cửa
III Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 Mrs Sally asked the students to hand in their assignments.
A Mrs Sally gave the class an assignment
B Mrs Sally gave the students a hand with their assignments
C Mrs Sally asked the students to give their assignments to her
D Mrs Sally asked the students to raise their hands if they wanted to ask a question
Câu gốc có động từ "hand in" có nghĩa là "nộp" Ý nghĩa của từng phương án như sau:
A Cô Sally giao cho cả lớp một bài tập B Cô Sally giúp đỡ các em học sinh làm bài tập
C Cô Sally yêu cầu học sinh nộp bài tập cho cô D Cô Sally yêu cầu học sinh giơ tay khi muốn đặt câu hỏi
2 Because of working hard, she fell ill.
A She worked so hard that she fell ill B She didn't work so she fell ill
C She was too ill to work hard D She wasn't ill although she worked hard
Câu gốc: Vì làm việc vất vả, cô ấy đã bị ốm A Cô ấy đã làm việc quá vất vả đến nỗi bị ốm B Cô
ấy không làm việc nên cô ấy ốm C Cô ấy quá ốm không thể làm việc được D Cô ấy không ốm mặc
dù cô ấy làm việc cật lực
3 It's been fourteen years since I last saw my brother.
Trang 20A I didn't see my brother 14 years ago B I haven't seen my brother for 14 years.
C I see my brother once every 14 years D My brother is 14 years old
Câu gốc: Đã 14 năm kể từ khi tôi gặp em trai tôi lần cuối A Cách đây 14 năm tôi đã không gặp
em trai tôi
B Tôi không gặp em trai mình đã được 14 năm rồi C Tôi gặp em trai tôi 14 năm một lần D Em trai tôi 14 tuổi
4 Jack is afraid he'll gain weight if he stops smoking.
A Jack is afraid of smoking B Jack doesn't realize the dangers of smoking
C Jack is afraid he'll become fat if he gives up smoking
D Jack is afraid he'll lose weight if he doesn't smoke
Câu gốc: Jack sợ rằng anh ấy sẽ tăng cân nếu anh ấy không hút thuốc nữa A Jack sợ hút thuốc
B Jack không nhận ra được những nguy cơ mà thuốc là mang lại C Jack sợ rằng anh ấy sẽ béo hơn nếu anh ấy từ bỏ thuốc lá (câu này sử dụng những cụm từ có ý nghĩa tương tự như trong câu gốc: become fat = gain weight, give up = stop) D Jack lo sợ anh ấy sẽ giảm cân nếu như anh ấy không hút thuốc
5 Fewer people came to the meeting than we had expected.
A Too many people came to the meeting
B There were more people at the meeting than we had expected
C We had expected more people to come to the meeting
D There were not enough seats for all people as we had expected
Câu gốc: Số người đến tham dự cuộc họp mặt ít hơn chúng tôi tưởng A Quá nhiều người đến tham dự cuộc họp B Số người đến tham dự cuộc họp nhiều hơn chúng tôi tưởng C Chúng tôi đã mong đợi có nhiều người đến tham dự cuộc họp hơn D Không có đủ ghế cho tất cả mọi người như chúng tôi mong đợi
6 I should have studied last night but I was too tired.
A I studied last night because I was bored B I studied last night because I had to
C I tried to study last night, but material was too hard
D I couldn't study last night because I was very tired
Câu gốc: Đáng lẽ tối qua tôi nên học nhưng tôi đã quá mệt A Tối qua tôi đã học vì tôi cảm thấy chán
B Tối qua tôi đã học vì tôi phải làm thế C Tối qua tôi đã cố gắng học nhưng tài liệu khó quá D Tối qua tôi không thể học được vì tôi quá mệt Lưu ý: should + have VPII được dùng để nói vềmột việc đáng lẽ ra nên làm trong quá khứ nhưng lại không làm
7 Although Mr Pike was seriously ill, he still composed nice pieces of music.
A Mr Pike's pieces of music were very serious
B Mr Pike didn't compose any nice pieces of music because he was seriously ill
C Despite his serious illness, Mr Pike still composed nice pieces of music
D Mr Pike were too ill to compose music
Câu gốc: Mặc dù Pike bị ốm nặng nhưng ông vẫn sáng tác ra những bản nhạc hay A Những bản nhạc của Pike rất nghiêm túc.B Pike không sáng tác được bản nhạc hay nào bởi vì ông bị ốm nặng
C Mặc dù bị ốm nặng nhưng Pike vẫn sáng tác được những bản nhạc hay (Câu này sử dụng một cụm
từ tương đương với 1 cụm từ trong câu gốc: Although Mr Pike was seriously ill = Despite his illness)
D Pike quá ốm không thể sáng tác được nhạc
8 The coffee was strong, but it didn't keep us awake.
A The coffee was strong and it could keep us awake
B We were kept awake because the coffee was strong
C The coffee wasn't strong enough to keep us awake
D The coffee was so hot that it didn't keep us awake
Câu gốc: Cà phê đặc nhưng nó đã không giữ cho chúng tôi thức được A Cà phê đặc và nó đã giúp chúng tôi thức được B Chúng tôi đã không ngủ được bởi cà phê đặc C Cà phê không đủ đặc để khiến chúng tôi thức được D Cà phê nóng đến mức nó không khiến chúng tôi thức được
Ghi nhớ cấu trúc: (not) adj/adv + enough + to V -> đủ/ không đủ thế nào để làm gì
9 He can hardly understand this matter because he's too young.
Trang 21A This matter is too hard for him to understand.
B He's young, but he can understand this matter
C The matter was difficult but he can understand it
D Hardly can he understand this matter because he's too young
Hardly = almost not (gần như không) Câu gốc: Cậu ấy gần như không thể hiểu được chuyện này vì cậu ấy quá trẻ A Chuyện này quá khó với cậu ấy để có thể hiểu được B Cậu ấy trẻ nhưng cậu ấy có thể hiểu được chuyện này C Chuyện này rất khó nhưng cậu ấy có thể hiểu được D Cậu ấy gần như không hiểu được chuyện này vì cậu ấy quá trẻ Trạng từ phủ định "hardly" được đảo lên đầu câu và trợ động từ được đảo lên trước chủ ngữ trong cấu trúc đảo ngữ
10 My mother had the house decorated.
A My mother had someone decorate the house.B My mother had to decorate the house
C The house is going to be decorated by my mother
D My mother had just decorated the house
have sth done = have sb do sth: nhờ ai làm gì đó
11 "Could you hold the line, please?" said the operator.
A The operator told me to stop my call B The operator told me to speak
C The operator told me to wait D The operator told me to call back later
hold the line = wait (giữ máy)
12 If you don't understand this word, look it up in the dictionary.
A If you know this word, tell me B If you don't know this word, I'll tell you
C If my dictionary hasn't got the word, I'll find another one
D If you don't know this word, find it in the dictionary
Câu gốc: Nếu bạn không hiểu nghĩa từ này, hãy tra từ điển A Nếu bạn biết từ này, hãy nói cho tớ biết B Nếu bạn không biết từ này, tớ sẽ nói cho cậu C Nếu từ điển của tớ không có từ đó, tớ sẽ tìm quyển từ điển khác
D Nếu bạn không biết từ này, hãy tìm nó trong từ điển Ta thấy câu D và câu gốc khác nhau duy nhất
ở 2 cụm từ mà 2 cụm đó lại có ý nghĩa giống nhau:understand = know, look it up = find it
13 She hates shopping in large supermarkets and prefers buying food in small shops or street markets.
A She never goes shopping B She often buys food in the supermarket
C She often buys food in small shops and street markets D She goes shopping every day
Câu gốc có chi tiết "cô ấy thích mua đồ ăn trong những quán nhỏ hoặc ở chợ cóc" có nghĩa cô ấy hay mua đồ ăn ở những nơi đó
14 Surprisingly for an American, he doesn't drink any coke.
A He always drinks coke B A lot of American people drink coke
C He is a surprise for the Americans D He sometimes drinks coke
Câu gốc: Thật ngạc nhiên đối với một người Mĩ, anh ấy không uống coca Điều đó có nghĩa rất nhiều người Mĩ uống coca
15 Just breathing the air in Mexico City is the same as smoking 40 cigarettes a day.
A An average person in Mexico City smokes 40 cigarettes a day
B Taking in the air in this city is good for your health
C Taking in the air in this city has the same effect as smoking 40 cigarettes
D People in Mexico never smoke
Câu gốc: Chỉ mỗi việc hít thở không khí ở thành phố Mehico cũng giống với việc hút 40 điếu thuốc một ngày
A Trung bình mỗi người ở thành phố Mehico hút 40 điếu thuốc một ngày B Hít thở không khí ở thành phố này tốt cho sức khỏe
C Hít thở không khí ở thành phố này có tác dụng giống như hút 40 điếu thuốc một ngày
D Người Mehico không bao giờ hút thuốc
Trang 22IV Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 It took her two hours to do housework yesterday.
A She spent two hours to doing housework yesterday
B It took her two hours doing housework yesterday
C She spent two hours doing housework yesterday
D Do housework yesterday took him two hours
Câu gốc có cấu trúc It + (take) + O + (time) + to V Cấu trúc này tương đương với cấu trúc S + (spend)+ (time)+ V-ing Cả hai cấu trúc đều có ý nghĩa là ai đó mất bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì
2 The weather is very cold, so they can't go swimming.
A The weather is so cold that they can't go swimming
B The weather isn't cold enough for them to go swimming
C The weather is too cold for them going swimming
D It is so a cold weather that they can't go swimming
Dịch câu gốc: Thời tiết rất lạnh, vì vậy họ không thể đi bơi
Loại C và D vì không đúng cấu trúc ngữ pháp Trong cấu trúc với too + adj ta dùng động từ ở dạng nguyên thể có to, không dùng V-ing So đi với tính từ, such mới đi với danh từ Câu D dùng so là sai.Câu B mang ý nghĩa trái ngược hẳn với câu gốc: Thời tiết không đủ lạnh để họ có thể đi bơi
- Câu A sử dụng cấu trúc so + adj + that clause có nghĩa là "như thế nào đến mức như thế nào"
3 My friend is living in Moscow I received this letter from him.
A My friend, whom I received this letter, is living in Moscow
B My friend, from whom I received this letter, is living in Moscow
C My friend whom I received this letter from is living in Moscow
D My friend, that I received this letter, is living in Moscow
Danh từ my friend là chưa xác định, do đó chúng ta không thể dùng mệnh đề không hạn định (có dấu phẩy ngăn cách giữa 2 mệnh đề)
4 They saw the children play football in the street.
A The children were being seen to play football in the street
B The children were seen to playing football in the street
C The children were seen play football in the street
D The children were seen to play football in the street
Câu chủ động có dạng see + O + V (chủ thể chứng kiến toàn bộ hành động) Câu bị động của cấutrúc này có dạng be seen + to V
5 I have never been to France before.
A It's the first time that I've gone to France B It's the first time that I went to France
C It's the first time that I've been to France D It's the first time that I was to France
Ta có thể loại B và D vì sau cấu trúc It's the first time that ta chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành chứ không dùng thì quá khứ Ta loại A vì have gone to (ai đó đi đâu vẫn chưa về) khác nghĩa với have been to (ai đó đi đâu đã trở về)
6 It's a pity that you didn't tell us about this.
A I wish you told us about this B I wish you had told us about this
C I wish you would tell us about this D I wish you have told us about this
Câu gốc nói đến một sự việc đã không diễn ra ở trong quá khứ Do đó ta phải dùng câu ước ở quá khứ (động từ lùi từ quá khứ đơn thành quá khứ hoàn thành)
7 He's getting them to mend the windows.
A He's having the windows to mend B He's having to mend the windows
C He's having to be mended the windows D He's having the windows mended
Ta có cấu trúc câu bị động have sth done (nhờ ai đó làm gì)
8 It started to rain at 2 o'clock and it is still raining.
A It has been raining at 2 o'clock B It has been raining since 2 o'clock
C It has been raining for 2 o'clock D It has been raining in 2 o'clock
Bốn lựa chọn gần như giống nhau chỉ khác ở cách dùng giới từ chỉ thời gian Nhận thấy động từ trong câu chia ở hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn, 2 o'clock lại là mốc thời gian nên dùng since
Trang 239 They made her hand over her passport.
A She was made to hand over her passport B She was made hand over her passport
C She was handed over to make her passport D She was handed over for her passport to make.Câu chủ động với "make": make + O + V Câu bị động với "make": be made + to V
10 I tried to eat the cake, but it was too sweet.
A It was such a sweet cake that I couldn't eat it.B It was so sweet cake that I couldn't eat it
C The cake was too sweet that I couldn't eat it D The cake was very sweet that I couldn't eat it
- B sai vì sau so là tính từ chứ không phải danh từ sweet cake là cụm danh từ
- C sai vì theo sau too + adj là to V chứ không phải mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng that
- D sai vì nó không đúng với cấu trúc "so + adj + that clause"
11 My brother and I went to that school.
A I went to that school and my brother, too B I went to that school and so my brother did
C I went to that school and so did my brother D I went to that school and so my brother did, too
A sai vì thiếu trợ động từ theo sau my brother B sai vì khi dùng so phải đảo trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ
D sai vì câu dùng cả so và too
12 She said to us: "Don't be late again."
A She said to us not to be late again B She told us to be not late again
C She told to us not to be late again D She told us not to be late again
Loại A vì ta chỉ nói say sth hoặc say + mệnh đề, không dùng to V sau say Sau tell bắt buộc phải có tânngữ đi ngay sau nó nên loại C Khi muốn diễn đạt ý phủ định, đặt not trước to V
Ghi nhớ cấu trúc: tell sb not to do sth (bảo ai không được làm gì)
13 I often get up early in the morning.
A I am used to getting up early in the morning B I am used to get up early in the morning
C I used to get up early in the morning D I used to getting up early in the morning
Có 2 cấu trúc với "used to":
1 used to + V (nguyên thể): dùng để nói về thói quen trong quá khứ và không còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại
2 be/get + used to + Ving: nghĩa là quen với việc gì nên loại ngay B và D vì sai cấu trúc
Câu gốc nói rằng "Tôi thường xuyên dậy sớm vào buổi sáng." và động từ chia ở hiện tại Căn cứ vào cách dùng của hai cấu trúc trên ta chọn được đáp án đúng là
14 Getting a good job doesn't interest him.
A He isn't good at getting an interesting job B He isn't interested in getting a good job
C He is only interested in getting a good job D Even a good job isn't suitable to him
Câu gốc: Việc có một công việc tốt không làm anh ta hứng thú.A Anh ta không giỏi trong việc tìm một công việc thú vị B Anh ta không quan tâm đến việc có một công việc tốt C Anh ta chỉ quan tâm đến việc có được một công việc tốt D Thậm chí một công việc tốt cũng không phù hợp với anh ấy
15 The garden is too small to play football in.
A The garden is so small not to play football in
B The garden is small enough to play football in
C The garden isn't big enough to play football in
D The garden is such small that they can't play football in
Loại A vì sai cấu trúc so + adj + that clause Loại B vì khác nghĩa (Câu này có nghĩa là "Vườn đủ nhỏ
để chơi bóng đá trong đó" trong khi câu gốc là "Vườn quá nhỏ nên không thể chơi bóng đá trong đó.")
- Loại D vì sau such là danh từ chứ không phải tính từ
V Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 Second prize was awarded to an unknown author from Pastra.
A An award of second prize was given an unknown author from Pastra
B An unknown author from Pastra was awarded second prize
C An unknown author from Pastra was awarded with the second prize
D Unknown author was awarded second
Trang 24second prize: giải nhì
Lưu ý: khi nói giải nhất, giải nhì hay giải ba chúng ta không dùng mạo từ "the" trước từ chỉ thứ tự Câu gốc là câu bị động, với chủ ngữ là tân ngữ trực tiếp trong câu chủ động
2 I used to live alone.
A I lived by myself but I no longer do it now B I lived by myself and I was used to it
C I am used to living alone D I was used to living by myself
Ghi nhớ cấu trúc với used to: - used to V: thói quen ở quá khứ - be/get used to N/Ving: quen với việc
gì đó
3 I was late for work because the bus broke down.
A As the bus was broken, I was late for work B Due to a bus break-down, I was late for work
C Since the bus broke into pieces, I was late for work
D Due to the fact that the bus was broken, I was late for work
break down (v): hỏng do lỗi kĩ thuật ≠ break (v): hỏng do bị phá hoại, do các tác nhân từ bên ngoài
4 "If I were you, I would get in touch with the boss."
A He suggested that I would get in touch with the boss
B He suggested keeping in touch with the boss
C He recommended that I should get in touch with the boss
D He wished he were me so that he could get in touch with the boss
Câu A sử dụng sai cấu trúc với suggest: suggest that sb (should) do sth (không dùng would)
Câu B khác hẳn nghĩa với câu gốc vì cấu trúc suggest + V-ing dùng khi gợi ý rủ ai cùng làm gì Hơn nữa cụm từ keep in touch (giữ liên lạc) cũng mang ý nghĩa khác với get in touch (liên lạc)
Câu D cũng khác hẳn về nghĩa (Anh ấy ước anh ấy là tôi để anh ấy có thể liên lạc với ông chủ)
5 I'm not very good at gardening, I'm afraid.
A I'm not much of a gardener, I'm afraid B I regret that I bad at gardening
C I'm scared to work in the garden D I am afraid of working in the garden
Câu gốc: Tôi e là tôi không giỏi việc làm vườn Câu A sử dụng cụm từ not much of a = not a
good -> giống nghĩa với câu gốc Câu B: Tôi hối hận rằng tôi không giỏi làm vườn => khác
nghĩa Câu C và D đều có nghĩa: Tôi sợ làm việc trong vườn => loại
6 We started cooking for the party four hours ago.
A We began to cook for the party for four hours
B We have been cooking for the party for four hours
C We cooked for the party for four hours D We cooked for the party four hours ago
Câu gốc: Chúng tôi bắt đầu nấu nướng cho bữa tiệc cách đây bốn tiếng
Động từ trong câu A (began) chia không phù hợp với trạng từ chỉ thời gian (for four hours) Hành động
"bắt đầu" là hành động mang tính chất ngắn không thể diễn ra trong một khoảng thời gian được
Câu B: Chúng tôi đã nấu nướng cho bữa tiệc được bốn tiếng rồi => gần nghĩa với câu gốc (hành động bắt đầu cách đây bốn tiếng đồng nghĩa với việc hành động đã kéo dài được bốn tiếng tính đến thời điểm hiện tại)
7 The boatmen were able to escape just before the boat sank.
A The boatmen could escape just before the boat sank
B The boatmen attempted to escape just before the boat sank
C The boatmen succeeded to escape just before the boat sank
D The boatmen managed to escape just before the boat sank
Cấu trúc were/was able to V tương đương với cấu trúc managed to V có nghĩa là "cố gắng xoay sở/ làm được gì trong hoàn cảnh khó khăn"
8 It may be possible for you to go there without a visa.
A It may not be impossible for you to go there without a visa
B You may be possible to go there without a visa
C It may be unnecessary for you to get a visa to go there
D You may find it possible to get a visa to go there
Câu gốc: Bạn có thể đến đó mà không cần visa
Trong các đáp án thì C là đáp án gần nghĩa nhất (Bạn không cần có visa vẫn có thể đến được đó.)
Trang 259 Please don't use the shower after midnight.
A Would you mind not to use the shower after midnight?
B Would you like to use the shower after midnight?
C I don't want you to use the shower
D Would you mind not using the shower after midnight?
Câu gốc là một lời đề nghị vì vậy chúng ta cũng phải tìm trong 4 lựa chọn đáp án có cấu trúc của một lời đề nghị
Nhận thấy A và D đều bắt đầu bằng cụm từ dùng trong câu đề nghị Would you mind, tuy nhiên câu A dùng sai cấu trúc vì sau cụm từ trên là động từ dạng V-ing
Đáp án là D
10 It would be better if you did not bring your dog in here.
A I'd rather you hadn't brought you dog in here
B I wish you hadn't brought your dog in here
C I'd rather you didn't bring your dog in here
D You have brought your dog in here, which is against the rules
Cấu trúc would rather sb did sth mang ý nghĩa như một lời yêu cầu trang trọng
11 The car is more expensive than it ought to be.
A The car ought to be expensive
B The car shouldn't be so cheap
C The car looks like an inexpensive automobile
D The car costs more than it should
Câu gốc: Chiếc xe ô tô đắt hơn giá trị thực của nó
Đáp án là D: Chiếc xe ô tô có giá cao hơn giá mà nó đáng
12 Jane hardly ever enjoys eating vegetables.
A She enjoys eating vegetables
B She has fun growing vegetables
C She almost never eats vegetables
D She sells vegetables for living
hardly ever = almost never (gần như không)
13.We had several guests at our house over the holidays.
A We were guests at our friend's house
B Several people visited us during the holidays
C The holidays were over by the time our guests arrived
D We guessed that several people would come
Câu gốc: Chúng tôi có một vài vị khách đến thăm nhà vào kì nghỉ
- Câu A: Chúng tôi là khách ở nhà bạn chúng tôi => loại
- Câu B: Một vài người đã đến thăm chúng tôi trong suốt kì nghỉ => đúng
- Câu C: Kì nghỉ vừa kết thúc khi những vị khách của chúng tôi tới => loại
- Câu D: Chúng tôi đoán rằng một vài người sẽ tới => loại
14 I can't believe that he did it without telling me first.
A I can't believe what he told me
B He told me that he did it first
C He didn't believe that I told him first
D He didn't inform me before he did it
Câu gốc: Tôi không thể tin được là anh ta đã làm mà không nói với tôi trước
- Câu A: Tôi không tin những gì anh ta nói
- Câu B: Anh ta nói với tôi rằng anh ta đã làm điều đó trước
- Câu C: Anh ta không tin rằng tôi đã nói với anh ta trước
- Câu D: Anh ta không thông báo cho tôi trước khi anh ta làm việc đó
Đáp án là D
15 It is too late to change it, so leave it the way it is.
A It can't be altered at this point
Trang 26B We should change it before he finds it out.
C We can't leave it the way it is
D He should approve the changes before he leaves
Câu gốc: Đã quá muộn để thay đổi vì vậy hãy để nó như cũ
- Câu A: Không thể thay đổi được gì ở thời điểm hiện tại
- Câu B: Chúng ta nên thay đổi nó trước khi anh ta tìm ra nó
- Câu C: Chúng ta không thể để nó như cũ
- Câu D: Anh ta nên phê chuẩn những thay đổi trước khi anh ta đi
Đáp án là A
VI Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 I've warned you not to leave the door unlocked.
A You shouldn't unlock the door
B Leaving the door unlocked was no good
C I've warned you about leaving the door unlocked
D I told you not to lock the door
Câu gốc: Tớ vừa mới cảnh báo cậu không được để cửa không khóa
Câu A: Cậu không nên mở khóa cửa
Câu B: Không khóa cửa là không tốt
Câu C: Tớ cảnh báo cậu về việc không khóa cửa
Câu D: Tớ đã bảo cậu đừng khóa cửa
C là đáp án đúng
2 Christine suggested getting a new lock for the front door.
A Christine suggested to get the new front door lock
B It's necessary for Christine to have a new lock
C Christine said "Why don't you get a new lock for the front door?"
D Chistine wanted to have a new lock
A loại vì suggest không đi với to V
Câu B không giống nghĩa với câu gốc (Christine cần có một cái khóa mới)
Câu C: Christine nói:"Tại sao cậu không mua một cái khóa mới cho cửa trước nhỉ?"
Câu D: Christine muốn có một cái khóa mới
Đáp án là C
3 Murder is the most serious of all crimes.
A Murder is very serious
B Everyone is very afraid of murder
C No crime is more serious than murder
D Murder is the dangerous crime
Câu gốc: Giết người là tội nặng nhất trong tất cả tội ác
A: Tội giết người thì rất nặng
B: Mọi người đều rất sợ tội giết người
C: Không tội ác nào nặng hơn tội giết người
D: Giết người là một tội ác nguy hiểm
Ta thấy C là đáp án đúng
4 This is the first time I have lived in a city with a high crime rate.
A I am not used to living in a city with a high crime rate
B I am very afraid of living in a city with a high crime rate
C Living in a city with a high crime rate is dangerous
D I don't like to live in such a high crime rate
Câu gốc: Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi sống ở một thành phố có tỉ lệ tội phạm cao như thế này
- Câu A: Tôi không quen với việc sống ở một thành phố có tỉ lệ tội phạm cao như thế này (có nghĩa là trước đó chưa hề sống ở thành phố nào như thế này) => hợp lí
- Câu B: Tôi rất sợ sống ở một thành phố có tỉ lệ tội phạm cao => không giống nghĩa với câu gốc
Trang 27- Câu C: Sống ở một thành phố có tỉ lệ tội phạm cao là rất nguy hiểm
- Câu D: Tôi không thích sống ở thành phố có tỉ lệ tội phạm cao như thế này
Như vậy chỉ có A là hợp nghĩa
5 I won't agree until Tom apologizes.
A Only when Tom apologizes will I agree
B Only when Tom apologizes I will agree
C I only agree when Tom apologize
D I wait for Tom apologize to agree
Câu gốc: Tôi sẽ không đồng ý cho đến khi Tom xin lỗi
- A: Chỉ khi Tom xin lỗi tôi mới đồng ý (lưu ý, khi only + adv đứng đầu câu thì phải tiến hành đảo ngữ) => đúng nghĩa + đúng ngữ pháp
- B sai ngữ pháp vì không đảo trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ
- C: sai ngữ pháp vì chia sai động từ với chủ ngữ (không có s sau apologize)
- D sai ngữ pháp
Đáp án đúng là A
6 I agree he's a good worker but I still don't think he should get the job.
A He can't get the job though he was a good worker
B Despite the fact that he's a good worker, I don't think he should get the job
C He is such a good worker that he can get the job
D He is too bad to get the job
Câu gốc: Tôi đồng ý rằng anh ta là một công nhân tốt nhưng tôi vẫn nghĩ là anh ấy không nên nhận được công việc đó
- A: Anh ấy không thể nhận được công việc đó mặc dù anh ta là một công nhân tốt
- B: Mặc dù anh ta là một công nhân tốt, tôi không nghĩ anh ta nên là người nhận được công việc đó
- C: Anh ta là một công nhân tốt đến nỗi anh ta có thể nhận công việc đó
- D: Anh ta quá tồi để có thể nhận công việc đó
B là đáp án đúng
7 The residents get very angry when bicycles are left in the hallway.
A The residents didn't like the bicycles in the hallway
B The residents was upset because they lost the bicycles
C The residents liked the bicycles put out of the hallway
D The residents all wish bicycles weren't left in the hall
Nhận thấy động từ trong câu gốc chia ở hiện tại đơn Trong số 4 lựa chọn thì chỉ có D là dùng thì hiện tại đơn Các lựa chọn còn lại đều dùng thì quá khứ đơn Từ đó dễ dàng chọn được đáp án đúng là D Lưu ý: hall = hallway (đại sảnh)
8 "John shouldn't have behaved so badly," said Janet.
A Janet doesn't like John's behaviour
B Janet objected to John's bad behaviour
C Janet dislikes John
D Janet was angry with John
Ngữ cảnh của câu gốc là nói về sự việc ở quá khứ => loại A và C (ngữ cảnh hiện tại)
Trong 2 lựa chọn còn lại thì B hợp lí hơn về nghĩa
- B: Janet phản đối cách cư xử tồi tệ của John
- D: Janet đã tức giận với John
9 Anna failed to understand how serious her illness was until she spoke to the doctor.
A Anna doesn't understand how serious her illness is
B Not until she spoke to the doctor did Anna understand how serious her illness was
C The doctor said that Anna's illness was very serious
D Anna went to see the doctor because she knew that her illness was serious
Câu gốc: Anna không hiểu mức độ trầm trọng của bệnh của cô ấy cho đến khi cô ấy nói chuyện với bác sĩ
- A loại vì ngữ cảnh hiện tại
Trang 28- B: Mãi cho đến khi Anna nói chuyện với bác sĩ cô ấy mới hiểu được mức độ trầm trọng của bệnh mà
cô đang mắc
- C: Bác sĩ nói rằng bệnh của Anna rất nghiêm trọng => thiếu ý
- D: Anna đến gặp bác sĩ vì cô biết bệnh của mình là nghiêm trọng
Đáp án B là đúng
10 Mary didn't wear the raincoat, so she got a cold.
A If Mary wore the raincoat, she wouldn't get a cold
B If Mary had worn the raincoat, she didn't get a cold
C If Mary had worn the raincoat, she wouldn't have got a cold
D If Mary has worn the raincoat, she won't have got a cold
Câu gốc nói đến một sự việc không diễn ra trong quá khứ nên phải dùng câu điều kiện loại 3
Trong 4 lựa chọn thì chỉ có C là dùng đúng cấu trúc ngữ pháp của câu điều kiện loại 3
11 I've never eaten this food before.
A It's the first time I've eaten this food
B It's the most tasty food I've ever eaten
C I've never eaten such a good food before
D The food is so good that I've never eaten before
Câu gốc: Trước đây tôi chưa bao giờ ăn loại đồ ăn này
A: Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi ăn loại đồ ăn này => giống nghĩa câu gốc
B: Đây là đồ ăn ngon nhất mà tôi từng ăn.=> khác nghĩa câu gốc
C: Trước đây tôi chưa từng ăn đồ ăn nào ngon như vậy.=> khác nghĩa câu gốc
D: Đồ ăn quá ngon đến nỗi tôi chưa từng ăn trước đây => không lô gic
Vậy ta thấy A là đáp án đúng
12 We couldn't go out because the weather was so bad.
A It was so bad a weather that we couldn't go out
B It was such a bad weather that we couldn't go out
C It was so bad weather that we couldn't go out
D It was such bad weather that we couldn't go out
Lưu ý: weather là danh từ không đếm được nên không đi với mạo từ "a" => loại những đáp án mà "a" đứng trước "weather"
Hơn nữa : so đi với tình từ, such đi với danh từ => chỉ có D là đúng
13 I'm always nervous when I travel by air.
A Travel by air always makes me nervous
B Travelling by air always makes me nervous
C I never travel by air because I sometimes feel nervous
D I always feel nervous so I never travel by air
A loại vì động từ travel khi đứng đầu câu phải có dạng V-ing Travel cũng có thể là danh từ nhưng nó mang nghĩa khác là "du lịch" không thích hợp về nghĩa trong câu này (Ở đây nói đến việc đi lại chung chung.)
- B đúng ngữ pháp và giống nghĩa câu gốc (Đi lại bằng máy bay khiến tôi lo lắng, hồi hộp.)
- C không giống nghĩa câu gốc (Tôi không bao giờ đi máy bay vì đôi khi tôi thấy hồi hộp.)
- D cũng khác nghĩa (Tôi luôn cảm thấy hồi hộp, chính vì vậy tôi không bao giờ đi máy bay.)
Đáp án đúng là B
14 Caroline asked me what time the meeting would end.
A Caroline said, "What time will the meeting end?"
B Caroline said, "What time would the meeting end?"
C Caroline said, "What time the meeting will end?"
D Caroline said, "What time the meeting would end?"
Câu gốc là câu gián tiếp Khi chuyển sang câu trực tiếp phải tiến lên 1 thì nên would phải chuyển thành will và phải được đảo lên trước chủ ngữ trong câu trực tiếp
15 John said, "You'd better not lend them any money, Daisy."
A John said Daisy not to lend them any money
Trang 29B John said to Daisy not lend them any money.
C John advised Daisy should not lend them any money
D John advised Daisy not to lend them any money
Ta có cấu trúc say to sb that + mệnh đề => A và B đều không sử dụng đúng cấu trúc ngữ pháp
- advise sb that he/she/ + should + V => C thiếu "that" nên không đúng
- advise sb to do sth (khuyên ai làm gì) => D đúng
VII Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning with the given one.
1 Trying to shop with young children is a nightmare.
A She never goes shopping alone
B She prefers shopping with young children
C She likes going shopping with young chidren
D She finds shopping with young children stressful and terrible
Câu gốc: Việc cố gắng đi mua sắm cùng lũ nhóc đúng là một ác mộng
- A: Cô ấy không bao giờ đi mua sắm một mình => không giống nghĩa với câu gốc
- B: Cô ấy thích đi mua sắm với trẻ con hơn => ngược nghĩa với câu gốc
- C: Cô ấy thích đi mua sắm với trẻ con => không giống nghĩa với câu gốc
- D: Cô ấy thấy đi mua sắm với trẻ con thật là căng thẳng và khủng khiếp
Đáp án là D
2 I find shopping stressful because I'm always afraid of making mistakes I've got a collection of awful
mistakes at the back of my wardrobe, which I never wear
A He's bad at shopping
B Shopping always makes him enjoyable
C He always makes a mistake when shopping
D He buys everything then he puts them at the back of his wardrobe
Câu gốc: Tôi thấy việc đi mua sắm thật là căng thẳng bởi vì tôi luôn lo sợ mình sẽ mắc phải những sai lầm Tôi sở hữu một bộ sưu tập những sai lầm khủng khiếp đằng sau chiếc tủ quần áo mà tôi không bao giờ mặc tới
- A: Anh ấy rất kém trong việc mua sắm => câu này có thể là một kết luận rút ra từ những gì được nhắc đến trong câu gốc
- B: Mua sắm luôn làm anh ấy thích thú => ngược nghĩa với câu gốc
- C: Anh ta luôn mắc sai lầm khi đi mua sắm => không giống với nghĩa câu gốc
- D: Anh ta luôn mua tất cả mọi thứ rồi nhét chúng ở đằng sau chiếc tủ quần áo => không giống nghĩa câu gốc
3 Choosing things from catalogues and the TV shopping channels is the only kind of shopping I enjoy.
A He doesn't like shopping
B He never goes shopping
C He likes shopping from home
D He likes going to the markets or supermarkets to shop
Câu gốc: Chọn lựa đồ từ các quyển cac-ta-lô hoặc trên các kênh truyền hình mua sắm là hình thức muasắm duy nhất mà tôi thích
- A: Anh ta không thích mua sắm => không giống nghĩa với câu gốc
- B: Anh ta không bao giờ đi mua sắm => không giống nghĩa với câu gốc
- C: Anh ta thích mua sắm ở nhà (Ý câu này muốn nói đến các hình thức mua sắm mà người mua chỉ cần ngồi ở nhà và đặt mua hàng.)
- D: Anh ta thích đến các chợ hoặc siêu thị để mua sắm => không giống nghĩa với câu gốc
C là đáp án đúng
4 Arantxa spends about nine months a year travelling around the world playing tennis.
A She stays at home for three months a year
B She doesn't have to travel a lot in her job
C She spends most of her time staying at home playing tennis
D She doesn't play tennis a lot