Basic grammar in use

GIÁO TRÌNH NGỮ PHÁP CĂN BẢN BASIC GRAMMAR IN USE Self-study reference & practice for students of English with answers Tác giả: Raymond Murphy with William R Smalzer Chú giải:VŨ TÀI HOA (M.S.) NGUYỄN VĂN PHƯỚC (M.S.) BAN BIÊN DỊCH FIRST NEWS LỜI GIỚI THIỆU Basic Grammar in Use giáo trình ngữ pháp dành cho học viên từ trình độ vỡ lòng đến tiền trung cấp Đây giáo trình đổi hình thứr với cách giải thích rõ ràng, đơn giản Do tổng hợp từ giáo trình văn phạm tập, Basic Grammar in Use sử dụng giáo trình để học lớp học viên tự học nhà Giáo trình bao gồm 116 học trình bày điểm ngữ pháp riêng biệt Mỗi học bao gồm hai trang sách Trang bên trái giải thích điểm ngữ pháp trang bên phải tập Bạn tìm thấy chủ đề học phần Mục lục Basic Grammar in Use ấn bao gồm: * Một CD ghi âm ví dụ có sách * Mười học biên soạn từ tài liệu * Mỗi học có trung bình tập kèm theo * Bài tập làm thêm sau học giúp học viên bổ sung kiến thức học, * Phần hướng dẫn cuối sách giúp học viên lựa chọn học phù hợp * Phần đáp án đầy đủ Bạn không nên sử dụng sách theo trinh tự từ đầu đến cuối Tốt bạn nên chọn học bạn thấy cần thiết Chẳng hạn, bạn gặp khó khăn dùng Present Perfect (I have been, he has done,…), bạn tra Mục lục hay Phụ lục (Ở cuối sách) để xác định học tương ứng Cách sử dụng sách: Tra Mục lục Phụ lục để tìm học bạn cần Nếu bạn chưa rõ cần tìm hiểu điểm ngữ pháp nào, xem phần Study Guide Xem giải thích trang bên trái Làm tập trang bên phải Sử dụng đáp án để đối chiếu làm Xem lại giải thích lần thấy cần thiết Đừng bỏ qua phần Phụ lục cuối sách Phần bao gồm điểm ngữ pháp thể chủ động, bị động, động từ bất quy tắc, dạng giản lượt động từ, tả động từ hai chữ Đây phần giúp cho bạn dễ dàng tìm điểm ngữ pháp bạn quan tâm cần trau dồi To the Student (working without a teacher) This is a basic grammar book for beginning to low-intermediate students of English There are 116 units in the book and each unit is about a different point of English grammar There is a list of units at the beginning of the book (Contents) Do not study all the units in order from beginning to end It is better to choose the units that you need to For example, if you have difficulty with the present perfect (I have been, he has done, etc.), use the Contents or the Index (at the back of the book) to find the units you need to study (Units 16-21 for the present perfect) Each unit is two pages The explanation is on the left-hand page and the exercises are on the right: You can use the book in this way: Look in the Contents or Index to find the units that you need If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the Study Guide on page 259 Study the left-hand page (explanation) Do the exercises on the right-hand page Use the Answer Key to check your answers Study the left-hand page again if necessary Don’t forget the seven Appendixes at the back of the book (pages 234242) These will give you information about active and passive forms, irregular verbs, short forms (contractions), spelling, and two-word verbs There are also Additional Exercises at the back of the book (pages 243258) There is a list of these exercises on page 243 There is an audio CD inside the back cover of the book It contains recordings of the example sentences from selected units Look for this symbol in the Contents: Q To the Teacher The most important features of this book are: • It is a grammar book It deals only with grammar and is not a general course book • It is for beginning to low-intermediate learners It does not cover areas of grammar which are not commonly taught at beginning levels • It combines reference and practice exercises in one volume • It can be used for self-study or as supplementary course material The forms used in Basic Grammar in Use are those which are most used and generally accepted in standard spoken North American English Some native speakers may regard some of these usages as “incorrect,” but in this book they are treated as standard Organization of the Book There are 116 units in the book, each one focusing on a particular area of grammar The material is organized in grammatical categories such as tenses, questions, and articles The book should not be worked through from beginning to end Units arc not ordered according to difficulty, and should therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learners The units are listed in the Contents and there is a comprehensive Index at the end of the book Each unit has the same format consisting of two facing pages The grammar point is presented and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right There are seven Appendixes (pages 234-242) dealing with active and passive forms, irregular verbs, short forms (contractions), spelling, and two-word (phrasal) verbs It might be useful to draw students' attention to these This new edition of Basic Grammar in Use also contains a set of Additional Exercises (pages 243-258) These exercises provide mixed practice bringing together grammar points from a number of different units (mainly those concerning verb forms) There are 33 exercises in this section and there is a full list on page 243 At the back of the book, there is a Study Guide (pages 254to help students decide what units to study and an Answer Key (pages 271-296) so students can check their work An edition without the Study Guide and Answer Key is also available for teachers who would prefer it for their students Finally, there is an audio CD inside the back cover of the book, with recordings of the example sentences from selected units Look for this symbol in the Contents: Q Level The book is suitable for a range of levels from beginning to low intermediate However, it is intended mainly for students who are beyond the very earliest stages of a beginners’ course, and should not be used from the first day of a course for absolute beginners It could also be used by lowintermediate learners whose grammar is weaker than other aspects of their English or who have problems with particular areas of basic grammar The explanations are addressed to the beginning learner and are therefore as simple and as short as possible The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises has also been restricted so that the book can be used at this level Using the Book The book can be used by students working alone (see To the Student) or as supplementary course material, when used as course material, the book can be used for immediate consolidation or for later review or remedial work It might be used by the whole class or by individual students needing extra help and practice In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages (presentation and explanation) in class, but it should be noted that these have been written for individual study and reference In most cases, it would probably be better to present the grammar point in whatever way you prefer, with the exercises being done for homework The left-hand page is then available for later reference by the student Some teachers prefer to reserve the book for review and remedial work In this case, individual students or groups of students can he directed to the appropriate units for self-study and practice Basic Grammar in Use, Second Edition While this is a completely new edition of Basic Grammar in Use, the general structure and character of the first edition remain The main changes are: * There are eight new units: Unit I have… and I've got… Unit 15 I used to… Unit 20 Just, already, and yet Unit 23 Is being done and has been done Unit 32 Must Unit 58 Do and make Unit 59 Have Unit 114 If I had…, if we went…, etc There is also a new appendix on active and passive forms (Appendix 1) * Some of the material has been reorganized For example, the content of Units 101-102 (in/on/at) in the second edition corresponds to Unit 93 and part of Unit 95 in the first edition * Some of the units have been reordered, and after Unit 8, nearly all units have a different number from the first edition A few units have been moved to different pans of the book For example, Unit 52 (work/working, etc.) was Unit 34 in the first edition * Many of the left-hand pages have been rewritten and many of the examples changed In a few cases there are significant changes to the content, for example, Unit 53 (originally 47), Unit 75 (originally 67), and Unit 84 (originally 76) * Many of the original exercises have been modified or completely replaced with new exercises (for example Units and 5) * There is a new section of Additional Exercises at the hack of the book (see Organization of the Book above) * The second edition is available both with and without answers at the back of the book * In the edition with answers, there is a new Study Guide to help students decide which units to study * There is an audio CD included with the second edition, inside the back cover of the book It contains recordings of the example sentences from selected units Look for this symbol in the Contents: © Unit Am/is/are A/ My name is Lisa I’m American I’m from Chicago I’m a student My father is a doctor, and my mother is a journalist I’m 22 I’m not married My favorite color is blue My favorite sports are tennis and swimming I’m interested in art B/ Positive I am Negative (I’m) I (he’s) He (she’s) She It (it’s) It (it’s not or it isn’t) We (we’re) We (we’re not or we aren’t) (you’re) You (they’re) They He She You They is are am not (I’m not) (he’s not or he isn’t) is not are not (she’s not or she isn’t) (you’re not or you aren’t) (they’re not or they aren’t) - I’m cold Can you close the window, please? - I’m 32 years old My sister is 29 - My brother is very tall He’s a policeman - John is afraid of dogs - It’s ten o’clock You’re late again - Mei Lan and I are good friends - Your keys are on the table - I’m tired, but I’m not hungry, - Tom isn't interested in politics He’s interested in music - Jessica isn’t at home right now She’s at work - Those people aren’t Canadian They’re Australian - It’s sunny today, but it isn’t warm C/ that’s = that is there’s = there is here’s = here is - Thank you That’s very kind of you - Look! There’s Chris - “Here’s your key.” “Thank you.” Am / is / are (Questions) Unit There is / are Unit 38 journalist (n): nhà báo politics (n): trị to be afraid of: e sợ, e ngại to be interested in: yêu thích, đam mê Exercises 1.1 Write the short form (she's / we aren't, etc.) she is  she's they are … it is not … that is … I am not … you are not … 1.2 Write am, is, or are The weather is nice today I am not tired This bag … heavy These bags … heavy Look! There … Carol My brother and I … good tennis player Amy … at home Her children … at school I … a taxi driver My sister … a nurse 1.3 Write complete sentences Use is / isn’t/ are / aren't (your shoes very dirty)  Your shoes are very dirty (my brother a teacher) … (this house not very big) … (the stores not open today) … (my keys in my bag) … (Jenny 18 years old) … 1.4 Look at Lisa's sentences (Section A) Write sentences about yourself (name?) My … (from?) I … (age) I … (job) I … (married?) I … (favorite color or colors?) My … (interested in?) I … 1.5 Write sentences for the pictures Use these words: Afraid / Angry / Cold/ Hot / Hungry / Thirsty He's thirsty They … He … … … … 1.6 Write true sentences, positive or negative Use am / am not / is / isn't / are / aren't (I / interested in politics) I’m interested in politics OR I’m not interested in politics (I / hungry) I … (it / warm today) It … (I / afraid of dogs) … 6.6 C 6.7 B 6.8 C 6.9 B/C Modals, Imperatives, etc 7.1 C/D 7.2 A/C 7.3 A 7.4 D 7.5 C 7.6 B 7.7 D 7.8 C/D 7.9 D 7.10 C 7.11 B/D 7.12 A 7.13 B There and it 8.1 B 8.2 E 8.3 A 8.4 A 8.5 B Auxiliary Verbs 9.1 D 9.2 A 9.3 C 9.4 B 9.5 B 9.6 C 9.7 D Questions 10.1 C 10.2 D 10.3 A 10.4 A 10.5 B 10.6 D 10.7 B 10.8 A 10.9 C/E 10.10 C 10.11 A 10.12 A/C Reported Speech 11.1 E 11.2 A/B/D -ing and to… 12.1 B 12.2 D 12.3 B 12.4 C 12.5 B/C 12.6 C 12.7 A 12.8 D Go, get do, make, and have 13.1 A/D 13.2 C 13.3 C/D 13.4 A 13.5 B 13.6 D Pronouns and Possessives 14.1 A 14.2 C 14.3 D 14.4 B 14.5 B/C 14.6 A 14.7 D 14.8 A 14.9 D 14.10 C A and the 15.1 C 15.2 B 15.3 A/C 15.4 B 15.5 A/C 15.6 A 15.7 D 15.8 C 15.9 B 15.10 B 15.11 A 15.12 B 15.13 B 15.14 A Determiners and Pronouns 16.1 C 16.2 C 16.3 B 16.4 B 16.5 C 16.6 A/C 16.7 D 16.8 B/D 16.9 A 16.10 B 16.11 D 16.12 B/D 16.13 A 16.14 A/B 16.15 D 16.16 A/C 16.17 D 16.18 B 16.19 A Adjectives and Adverbs 17.1 A 17.2 C 17.3 C 17.4 D 17.5 B 17.6 B 17.7 A/C 17.8 D 17.9 A 17.10 B 17.11 D 17.12 A 17.13 D 17.14 C Word Order 18.1 B 18.2 C 18.3 B 18.4 A 18.5 A/C Prepositions 19.1 A/D 19.2 E 19.3 C/D 19.4 B 19.5 A/D 19.6 A 19.7 B 19.8 C 19.9 B 19.10 D 19.11 A/B 19.12 A 19.13 C 19.14 D 19.15 A 19.16 E 19.17 C 19.18 B 19.19 B/D 19.20 D Two-Word Verbs 20.1 C 20.2 A/B 20.3 B Conjunctions and Clauses 21.1 A 21.2 A 21.3 D 21.4 E 21.5 B/C 21.6 A/B 21.7 B/D 21.8 A CONTENTS To the Student To the Teacher Present Am/is/are Am/is/are (Questions) I am doing (Present Continuous) Are you doing…? (Present Continuous Questions) I do, I work, I like, etc (Simple Present) I don’t… (Simple Present Negative) Do you…? (Simple Present Questions) I am doing and I (Present Continuous and Simple Present) I have… and I’ve got… Past 10 Was/were 11 Worked, got, went, etc (Simple Past) 12 I didn’t… Did you…? (Simple Past Negative and Questions) 13 I was doing (Past Continuous) 14 I was doing and I did (Past Continuous and Simple Past) 15 I used to… Present Perfect 16 Have you ever…? (Present Perfect) 17 How long have you…? 18 For, since, and ago 19 I have done and I did (Present Perfect and Simple Past 1) 20 Just, already, and yet (Present Perfect and Simple Past 2) 21 I’ve lost my key I lost my key last week (Present Perfect and Simple Past 3) Passive 22 Is done and was done (Passive 1) 23 Is being done and has been done (Passive 2) Verb Forms 24 Be, have, and in Present and Past Tenses 25 Regular and Irregular Verbs Future 26 What are you doing tomorrow? 27 I’m going to… 28 Will (1) 29 Will (2) Modals, Imperatives, etc 30 Might 31 Can and could 32 Must 33 Should 34 I have to… 35 Would you like…? I’d like… 36 I’d rather… 37 Do this! Don’t that!, Let’s this! There and it 38 There is/are 39 There was/were there has been / have been there will be 40 It… Auxiliary Verbs 41 I am, I don’t, etc 42 You have? / have you? you are? / are you?, etc 43 Too/either and so am I / neither I, etc 44 Isn’t…, haven’t…, don’t…, etc (Negatives) Questions 45 Is it…?, Have you…?, Do they…?, etc 46 Who saw you? who did you see? 47 Who is she talking to? what is it like? 48 What… Which…?, and How…? 49 How long does it take…? 50 Do you know where… I don’t know what…, etc Reported Speech 51 She said that… He told me that… -ing and to… 52 Work/working, go/going, do/doing 53 To… (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing) 54 I want you to… anti I told you to… 55 I went to the store to… Go, get, do, make, and have 56 Go to… go on… go for… go -ing 57 Get 58 Do and make 59 Have Pronouns and Possessives 60 I/me, he/him, they/them, ere 61 My/his/their, etc 62 Whose is this? It’s mine/yours/hers, etc 63 I, me, my, and mine 64 Myself/yourself/themselves, etc 65 -’s (Kate’s camera, my brother’s car, etc.) A and the 66 A/an… 67 Flower(s) and bus(es) (Singular and Plural) 68 A car, some money (Countable and Uncountable 1) 69 A car, some money (Countable and Uncountable 2) 70 A/an and the 71 The… 72 Go to work go home go to the movies 73 I like music I hate exams 74 The… (Names of Places) Determiners and Pronouns 75 This/these and that/those 76 One/ones 77 Some and any 78 Not + any, no, and none 79 Not + anybody/anyone/anything and nobody / no one / nothing 80 Somebody, anything, nowhere, etc 81 Every and all 82 AH most, some, any, and no/none 83 Both, either, and neither 84 A lot, much, and many 85 A little / a few and little/few Adjectives and Adverbs 86 Old, nice, interesting, etc (Adjectives) 87 Quickly, badly, suddenly, etc (Adverbs) 88 Old/older and expensive / more expensive 89 Older than… and more expensive than… 90 Not as… as… 91 The oldest and the most expensive 92 Enough 93 Too Word Order 94 He speaks English very well (Word Order 1) 95 Always/usually/often, etc (Word Order 2) 96 Still, yet, and already 97 Give me that book! Give it to me! Prepositions 98 At o’clock, on Monday, in April, etc 99 From… to, until, since, and for 100 Before, after, during, and while 101 In, at, and on (Places 1) 102 In, at, and on (Places 2) 103 To, in, and at (Places 3) 104 Next to, behind, under, etc 105 Up, over, through, etc 106 On, at, by, with, and about 107 Afraid of, good at, etc (Adjective + Preposition) At -ing, with -ing, etc (Preposition + -ing) 108 Listen to, look at, etc (Verb + Preposition) Two-Word Verbs 109 Go in, fall off, run away, etc 110 Put on your shoes and put your shoes on Conjunctions and clauses 111 And, but, or, so, and because 112 When… 113 If we go…, if you see, etc 114 If I had…, if we went…, etc 115 A person who… and a thing that/which… (Relative Clauses 1) 116 The people we met and the hotel you stayed at (Relative clauses 2) Appendix Active and Passive Appendix List of Irregular Verbs Appendix Irregular Verbs in Groups Appendix Short Forms (he’s/I’d don't, etc.) Appendix Spelling Appendix Two-Word Verbs (look out / take off, etc.) Appendix Two-Word Verbs + Object (put out a fire / try on clothes, etc.) Additional Exercises Study Guide Answer Key to Exercises Answer Key to Additional Exercises Answer Key to Study Guide Index -// GIÁO TRÌNH NGỮ PHÁP CẢN BẢN BASIC GRAMMAR IN USE Self-study reference & practice for students of English with answers 2003 EDITION Tác giả: Raymond Murphy with William R Smalzer Chú giải: VŨ TÀI HOA (M.S.) - NGUYỄN VĂN PHƯỚC (M.S.) BAN BIÊN DỊCH FIRST NEWS NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ĐÀ NẴNG 17 -19 Quang Trung - Thành Phố Đà Nẵng Tel: 822434 – 822250 Chịu trách nhiệm xuất bản: Giám đốc: VÕ VĂN ĐÁNG Tổng biên tập: NGUYỄN ĐỨC HÙNG Biên tập: Trầm My Trình bày: Bích Nga Sửa in: Trầm My Tổ chức liên doanh: First News In 1.000 cuốn, khổ 14.5 x 20.5cm Xí Nghiệp In 27/7 Theo TNKHXB số 1644/358/XB-QLXB Cục Xuất Bản cấp ngày 29/11/2001 QĐXB số 915/QĐXB Nhà xuất Đà Nẵng cấp ngày 17/10/2002 In xong nộp lưu chiểu tháng 04/2003 ... exercises in one volume • It can be used for self-study or as supplementary course material The forms used in Basic Grammar in Use are those which are most used and generally accepted in standard... Unit I am doing (Present Continuous) A/ The present continuous is am / is / are + doing / eating / running / writing, etc I am (not) I’m working I’m not watching TV He She Chris is taking a bath... It -ing We You She isn’t eating, (or She’s not eating.) are (not) They The phone is ringing We’re having dinner You’re not listening to me (or You aren’t listening to me.) The children are doing