*III’ Basic mm if THI RD EDITION with answers Raymond Murphy with William R Smalzer " ' r'' ^ Self-study reference and practice for students of North American English THI RD EDITION with answers Raymond Murphy with William R Smalzer gig C a m b r id g e U N IV E R SIT Y PRESS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York NY 10013-2473, USA www.cambridge.org © Cambridge University Press 2011 First published 1989 Third Edition 2011 Printed in Hong Kong, China, by Golden Cup Printing Company Limited A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library isb n isb n isb n isb n 978-0-521-13334-0 Student’s Book with answers and CD-ROM 978-0-521-13353-1 Student’s Book with answers 978-0-521-13337-1 Student’s Book with CD-ROM 978-0-521-13330-2 Workbook with answers Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate Book design and layout: Adventure House, NYC Audio production: Richard LePage & Associates Illustration credits: Carlos Castellanos, Richard Deverell, Travis Foster, Peter Hoey, Randy Jones, Gillian Martin, Sandy Nichols, Roger Penwill, Lisa Smith, Ian West, Simon Williams, and Tracy Wood Contents To the Student To the Teacher viii x Present a m /is /a r e a m /is /a r e (questions) I am d o in g (present continuous) are y ou doin g? (present continuous questions) I d o /w o r k /lik e , etc (simple present) I d o n ’t (simple present negative) D o y ou ? (simple present questions) I am d o in g (present continuous) and I (simple present) I have and I’ve g o t Past 10 11 12 13 14 15 w a s/w er e w o r k e d /g o t/w e n t, etc (simple past) I d id n ’t D id you ? (simple past negative and questions) I was d o in g (past continuous) I was d o in g (past continuous) and I d id (simple past) I used to Present perfect 16 17 18 19 20 21 H ave you ever ? H o w lo n g have you ? for sin ce ago I have d on e and I d id (present perfect and simple past 1) ju st, already, and yet (present perfect and simple past 2) I’ve lo st m y key I lo st m y key last w eek , (present perfect and simple past 3) Passive 22 is d o n e was d on e (passive l) 23 is b ein g d on e has b een d on e (passive 2) Verb forms 24 b e /h a v e /d o in present and past tenses 25 R egular and irregular verbs > Future 26 27 28 29 If W hat are you d o in g tom orrow ? I’m g o in g to w ill w ill you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263 i Modals, im peratives, etc 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 m ig h t can and co u ld m u st sh o u ld I have to W ou ld you lik e ? Fd lik e Fd rather D o this! D o n ’t that! L e t’s this! There and it 38 th ere is th ere are 39 th ere w a s/w e r e there h a s/h a v e b een 40 I t th ere w ill be A uxiliary verbs 41 42 43 44 I am , I d o n ’t, etc Y ou have? / H ave you? / Y ou are? / A re you?, etc to o /e ith e r so am I / n eith er I, etc isn ’t, h aven ’t, d o n ’t, etc (negatives) Questions 45 46 47 48 49 50 is i t ? have you ? th ey ?, etc (questions 1) W h o saw you? W h o d id you see? (questions 2) W h o is she ta lk in g to? W hat is it like? (questions 3) W h a t ? W h ich ? H o w ? (questions 4) H o w lo n g d oes it take ? D o you k n o w w h ere ? I d o n ’t k n o w w h a t , etc Reported speech 51 She said t h a t H e to ld m e t h a t -ing and to 52 53 54 55 V w o r k /w o r k in g g o /g o in g d o /d o in g to (I w an t to do) and -in g (I enjoy d oin g) I w a n t you to I to ld you to I w e n t to th e store to Go, get, do, make, and have 56 57 58 59 go to go on get and m ak e have go for go -in g Pronouns and possessives 60 61 62 63 iv I /m e h e /h im th ey /th em , etc m y /h is /th e ir , etc W h o se is this? It’s m in e /y o u r s/h e r s, etc I /m e /m y /m in e If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263 64 m y s e lf/y o u r se lf/th e m se lv e s, etc 65 -’s (K ate’s camera / m y b ro th er’s car, etc.) A and the 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 a /a n train(s) bus(es) (singular and plural) a b o ttle / som e w ater (countable/uncountable 1) a cake / so m e cake / som e cakes (countable/uncountable 2) a /a n and the th e go to w ork go h o m e go to th e m o v ies I lik e m u sic I hate exam s th e (names of places) Determ iners and pronouns 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 th is /th a t/th e s e /th o s e o n e /o n e s so m e and any n o t + any no n on e n o t + a n y b o d y /a n y o n e/a n y th in g n o b o d y /n o o n e /n o th in g so m e b o d y /a n y th in g /n o w h e r e , etc every and all a ll m o st som e any n o /n o n e b o th eith er n eith er a lo t m u ch m an y (a) little (a) few Adjectives and adverbs 86 o ld /n ic e /in te r e s tin g , etc (adjectives) 87 q u ick ly /b a d ly /su d d en ly , etc (adverbs) 88 o ld /o ld e r exp en sive / m o re exp en sive 89 old er than m ore ex p en siv e th an 90 n o t as as 91 th e o ld est th e m o st exp en sive 92 en o u g h 93 to o Word order 94 95 96 97 He speaks E n g lish very well, (word order 1) a lw a y s/u su a lly /o ften , etc (word order 2) s till yet already G ive m e that b ook! G ive it to m e! Conjunctions and clauses 98 99 100 101 102 103 and b ut or so b ecau se W h en I f w e go I f you see , etc I f I had I f w e w e n t , etc a person w h o a thing th a t/w h ic h (relative clauses l) the people w e m et the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2) If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263 v Prepositions 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 at 8:00 on M onday in A p ril f r o m to u n til sin ce for b efo re after d u rin g w h ile in at on (places 1) in at on (places 2) to in at (places 3) n ex t to, b etw een , under, etc up, over, th rou gh , etc on at by w ith about afraid o f , g o o d a t , etc o f/a t/fo r , etc (prepositions + -ing) listen to , lo o k a t , etc (verb + preposition) Phrasal verbs 115 go in, fa ll off, run away, etc (phrasal verbs 1) 116 p ut on your shoes p ut your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2) A ppendix A ppendix A ppendix A ppendix A ppendix A ppendix A ppendix Active and passive 235 List of irregular verbs 236 Irregular verbs in groups 237 Short forms (he’s / I’d / d o n ’t, etc.) 238 Spelling 240 Phrasal verbs (take o f f / g iv e up, etc.) 242 Phrasal verbs + object (put ou t a fire / try on clothes, etc.) A dditional Exercises Study Guide 244 263 Answer Key to Exercises 276 Answer Key to A dditional Exercises Answer Key to Study Guide 306 Index vi 243 303 308 If you are not sure which units you need to study, use the STUDY GUIDE on page 263 To the Student This is a gram m ar book for beginning to low -interm ediate students o f English T here are 116 units in the book, and each unit is about a different point o f English gram m ar T here is a list of units at the beginning o f the book (Contents) Do not study all the units in order from beginning to end It is b etter to choose the units that you need to For example, if you have a problem w ith the present perfect (I have been, he has done, etc.), study U nits 16-21 Contents To the Student To the Teacher Present a m /is/a re a m /is /a re (questions) I am d o in g (present continuous) are you doing? (present continuous questions) I d o /w o rk /lik e , etc (simple present) I d o n ’t (simple present negative) D o you ? (simple present questions) I am d oing (present continuous) and I (simple present) I have — and I ’ve g o t Past 10 w as/w ere 11 w o rk e d /g o t/w e n t, etc (simple past) 12 I d id n ’t D id you ? (simple past negative and questions) 13 I was d o in g (past continuous) 14 I was d oing (past continuous) and I d id (simple past) Use the Contents or the Index (at the back o f the book) to find the unit (or units) that you need If you are not sure w hich units you need to study, use the Study Guide at the back o f the book Study Guide (pages 263-275) V III viii x m Each un it is tw o pages T he inform ation is on the left-hand page and the exercises are on the right: m Exercises 3.1 Whatarethese peopledoing?Usetheseverfcstt>completethesentences: am doing (present continuous) u n i t j Z He for*(ms- _ hieMm ^^^B B B She'srating Sheisn't reading iB ■■H S ||§ B B | I hT she n (nor) U't raining Theson shining They’r*numing Theyarea'' walking i Jw w jt!r Mm Me * J “You _ onmy6m* •OM'imwcy.’ they * Mamk readinga • Sheisn't eating {*She'snot eating.) « Thf phene1*ringing « W.-'r*having * Theduhta-naredoingthenhomework ■ ■ F I A»/iva» +ring■»somethinghhappeningsw I’mworking she'swearing2bat tfwv'ieplayingbaseball « Look,there'sSarah She'swearingahwwncoat shei«wearing now) *Wherearethechildrenr “They’replayingmthepark“ ^ B B ■ ■ hotspethng seeAppends*S li«- S I oose&wMrje 3.J Lookat the picture Writesentences about lane UseShe's ing orShe isn’t -ing g /f y K S ti m em , ssE S I s -5 (p yAc 3.4 WhetShappeningnow?Writetruesentences 0/ ■ wash/ myhair) h ft ft 1ft - (it/ram) —_ (i t «w