Đề CƯƠNG ÔN TậP TIếNG ANH Kì II LớP 11 UNIT 8: T writes some sentences on the board and asks Ps to comment on the use of one(s), some one, no one, anyone, and everyone. + I don t like the red shirt; I prefer the blue one. + Don t buy the sour oranges. Buy the sweet ones. +There s someone waiting for the director in the office. + Did someone call me last night? + Have you met anyone like him? + Don t tell anyone my secret. + No one likes her story. + Everyone laughs at him. Ps work in pairs to work out the use of the pronouns. T check with the whole class, making clear that: + One and ones are used to replace a previously mentioned noun when we do not want to repeat that noun. One replaces a singular noun, and ones replaces a plural noun. + Some one= somebody. It used with a singular verb in (1) an affirmative statement or (2) a question when the speaker / write expects the yes answer. + Anyone = anybody. It used with a singular verb. It is used to refer to every person or all people. Note: These expressions have a singular meaning and take a singular verb, so personal pronouns and possessive adjectives should logically he / she. Him / her , his/ her. However, in modern English plural forms are more common: + Everyone has come in havent they? + no one should leave their luggage on the bus. T asks several Ps to give similar examples and gives feedback. UNIT 9: Defining relative clauses and non- defining relative clauses 1. Defining relative clauses: Mệnh đề liên hệ hạn định Đặc điểm của mệnh đề tính từ hạn định: - Cần thiết cho nghĩa của cả câu. - Không ở giữa 2 dấu phẩy. - Có chức năng nh tính từ. - Bắt đầu bằngwho, whom, which có thể đợc thay bằng that. - Bắt đầu bằng whose có thể thay thế cho of which Khi đề cập đến thứ gì đó thuộc về sở hữu của một quốc gia, thứ gì đó đợc tổ chức, sắp xếp thành 1 quy luật 2. non- defining relative clauses: 1 Mệnh đề liên hệ ( Không hạn định) Mệnh đề liên hệ còn đợc gọi là mệnh đề tính từ. Đặc điểm: - Không tuyệt đối cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của cả câu. - Loại bỏ mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định, mệnh đề chính vẫn có đầy đủ ý nghĩa. - Mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định chỉ thêm một ít thông tin phụ cho mệnh đề chính. - Mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định thờng ở giữa 2 dấu phẩy(,) - Giữa mênh đề chính và mệnh đề không hạn định có dấu phẩy ngăn cách ở giữa. - Bắt đầu bằng who, whom, hoặc which nhng Ko bao giờ bắt đầu bằng THAT. Example: _ Jacks father, who is 90, goes swimming everyday. Who is 90 = non- defining relative clauses, chỉ cung cấp thêm chi tiết phụ mà thôi. - The house at the end of the street, which has been empty for five years, has just been sold. - Which has been empty for five years= non- defining relative clauses Mệnh đề tính từ ko hạn định ko hạn định đợc nêu ra làm ví dụ cho chúng ta biết thông tin phụ về ngời và ngôi nhà. Chúng ta ko dung THAT và ko thể bỏ WHO hoặc WHICH. Chúng ta phải đặt dấu phẩy ngay phía trớc mệnh đề tính từ ko hạn định và ngay phía sau nó. Mệnh đề tính từ ko hạn định nằm giữa hai dấu phẩy. - Yesterday I met Hoa, who told me, she was getting married. Exercise: Put in the relative clauses. Supply the commas where necessary. Example: Zedco has ten thousand employees. It is an international company. => Zedco, which has ten thousand emploees, is an international company. 1. Vicky s name was missed off the list, so she wasn t very pleased. Vicky wasn t very pleased. 2. Laura painted a picture, and it s being shown in an exhibition. The picture .is being shown in an exhibition. 3. We re all looking forward to a concert. It s next Sartuday. The concert is next Sartuday. Answer: 1. Vicky, whose name was missed off the list, wasn t very pleased. 2. The picture which Laura painted is being shown in an exhibition. The concert which were all looking forward, is next Saturday. UNIT 10: Relative Pronouns with prepositions: Show the picture on the board. Point to the boy and tell Ps: This is Tom. This man is his teacher. Then ask Ps: 2 _ Who is Tom talking to? He is talking to the teacher– . Write on the board: The man is Tom’s teacher. Tom is talking to him. Ask Ps: Who can combine these two sentences into one? The man to Whom Tom is talking is his teacher. Write some other examples on the board: e.g: I’ll introduce you to the man. I share a flat with him. - This is the magazine. I talked about it yesterday. Ask Ps to combine the sentences into one. -Copy these sentences on the board. a- Formal: * The man to whom Tom is talking is his teacher. * I’ll introduce you to the man with whom I share a flat. * This is the magazine about which I talked yesterday. b- Informal: * The man whom / who / that Tom is talking to is his teacher. * I’ll introduce you to the man whom/ who / that I share a flat with. * This is the magazine about which / that I talked yesterday. Elicit the use of relative pronouns with prepositions from Ps. Notes: - A relative pronoun can be the object of a preposition. - In formal English we can put the preposition before whom or which. We cannot leave out whom or which here, and we cannot use who or that. - In informal English the preposition can come after the verb or the object of the verb. We can also leave out the relative pronoun. ( Whom is formal and rather old- fashioned. In everyday speech we often use who). UNIT 11: Relative clauses replaced by participles and to infinitives. 1- Active participles: Show a picture of a girl playing with adog and tell Ps: - She is Lan s sister. What is she doing?’ - She is playing with her dog. Eliciting question: Who can combine the sentences into one? Write on the board: * The girl who is playing with the dog is Lan s sister.’ The girl playing with the dog is Lan s sister.’ * The man who spoke to John is my brother. => The man speaking to John is my brother. Ask Ps to look at the examples carefully. Elicit the rules from Ps. Write the notes on the board. 3 Note: We can use a present participle to replace a relative clause which has an active meaning. 2- Passive participles: Show the second picture and tell Ps: The picture has won the first prize. It was drawn by a blind. Ask Ps to combine the two sentences into one The picture which was drawn by a blind has won the first prize. The picture drawn by a blind has won the first prize. Elicit the rule from Ps. Write the notes on the board. Notes: - We can use a past participle to replace a relative clause which has a passive meaning. 3- Infinitive relative clauses: Ask Ps: a- Which was the first country which won the world cup? Have Ps ask that question in another way. Which was the first country to win the world cup? b- The last person who leaves will have to turn out the lights. => The last person to leave will have to turn out the lights. Ask Ps to look at the examples carefully. Elicit the rules from Ps. Write the otes on the board. Notes: - We can use a to- infinitive to replace a relative clause. We offen use a to- infinitive after an ordinal number ( first, second), after next and last, after, only, and after superlative adjectives. UNIT 12: Relative clauses and the omission of relative pronouns: Ask Ps to recall the use of relative Clause. Copy the setences below on the board. Ask Ps to read it carefully. Elicit the use of relative pronound as subject or relative pronoun as object. Elicit when we can leave out the relatoive pronouns. Relative clause( revision) - Mệnh đề liên hệ còn đợc gọi là mệnh đề tính từ. Mỗi một mệnh đề đều có sự liên hệ với danh từ. Tính từ hoặc cụm giới t có thể bổ nghĩa cho danh từ. Đại từ kết nối mệnh đề liên hệ với mệnh đề chính. Các đại từ liên hệ có thể làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho mệnh đề. Relative clause as Subject: - They got on the first train that came. - We don t like the people who/ that talk a lot. 4 * The pronouns who / which/ that can be the subject of a relative clause. Relative clause as Object: - They got the first train that we saw. - I like reading the book which/ that you lent me yesterday. * The pronouns who / which/ that can be the object of a relative clause. Omission of relative pronouns: We can leave out the pronoun when it is not the subject of the relative clause. Clauses without pronouns are very common in informal English.( Chóng ta cã thÓ lîc bá c¸c ®¹i tõ quan hÖ who, which, that khi chóng lµ t©n ng÷. Chóng ta thêng lîc bá c¸c ®¹i tõ quan hÖ nµy trong v¨n nãi.) - That s the lovely girl’ ( who/ that) I met at Hai s party.’ - She show me the paintings( which / that ) she had brought back from London. Khi c¸c ®¹i tõ quan hÖ lµm chñ ng÷ cña 1 mÖnh ®Ò th× ta kh«ng thÓ lîc bá chóng ®i ®îc. - The woman who wrote this letter is a journalist. ( NOT: The woman wrote this letter is a journalist.) - The picture that took first prize was my uncle s.’ ( NOT: The picture took first prize was my uncle s)’ UNIT 13: T draws a boy who gave a rose to a girl. T asks: - What are their names?( Tom and Mary) What did Tom do?( He gave a rose to Mary) T: Now, who can rewrite that sentence, beginning as shown? T writes on the BB: It was Tom. Expected answer: It was Tom who gave a rose to Mary. T explains: Tom in the above sentences is subject of the sentence. To emphsize, we can begin the sentence with It was Tom who… Tom gave a rose to Mary. Subject It was Tom who gave a rose to Mary. T draws a girl who saw a cat. T asks: What did the girl see? ( A cat) Yes, good. T writes: The girl saw a cat. T: Is the cat here the subject or object of the sentence? ( Object) T: Who can rewrite the sentences as shown? It was the cat… Expected answer: It was the cat that the girl saw. 5 T explains how to write cleft sentences with object focus. The girl saw the cat. Object It was the cat that the girl saw. T expands the second sentence. T writes: The girl saw the cat in the garden. Now, who can rewrite my sentence as shown? It was in the garden Expected answer: It was in the garden that the girl saw the cat. T explains how to write cleft sentence in case you pay attention to adverbial modifier of the sentence. The girl saw the cat in the garden . Abverbial modifier It was in the garden that the girl saw the cat. T writes the form It (is/ was) + N/ adverbial modifier + who/ that + V Ask Ps to make their own sentences individually2. Grammar: UNIT 14: 1.Conjunctions: Bothand, not only but also, either .or, neither nor.T draws two boys going to school. T writes the names: Nam, Huy T asks: are they boys or girls? (boys) What are their names? ( Nam and Huy) What do they do? ( They are students) T remarks. Nam is a student, and Huy is also a student. T writes: *Both and: Vừavừa Both Nam and Huy are students. T elicit and writes this form: Both + N1( adj/ verb/ adverbial phrase) + and + N2( adj/ verb/ adverbial phrase ) * neithernor: Không mà cũng không( Dùng để liên kết hai ý tởng giống nhau, phản nghĩa với both .and.) Now look at Nam and Huy again. Are they doctors?( No) So, we write. Neither nam nor Huy are doctors. Neither + N1 (adj) + or + N2 (adj) - My husband neither smoke nor drink. - Neither Jack nor Alice was at home. 6 ’ I can’t swim’ ’ Neither can I’/ ’ Nor can I’ * either …or: HoÆc…hoÆc… T: Now, you see Nam is 16 years old, and Huy is 17 years old. So, we can say Either Nam or Huy is 16 years old. Either + N1(adj… ) + or + N2(adj…) * not only…but also: kh«ng nh÷ng … mµ cßn… - She is not only beautiful but also intelligent. - His son both plays the piano and sings. 2. Cleft sentences in the passive: T revise the previous lesson about cleft sentences, explaining that this time the passive voice is used. We can change an active sentence into cleft sentences in the passive:E.g: - It was the cat that was seen by the girl. - It was in the garden that the cat was seen. Form: It(is/was) + N/ abverbial modifier + who/ that + (be) + pp - It is a book that was bought for me yesterday. Sentences in the active Cleft sentences in the passive My mother prepaired my birthday party. He sweep the floor everyday. It was my birthday that was prepaired by my mother It is the floor that is swept by him. UNIT 15: 1. modal verbs Could/ couldn’t or was/ were (not) able to. T shows a picture of a man running. T asks: - Could he run fast five years ago?( Yes) T writes on the board: - He could run fast five years ago. T shows a picture of a man whose leg was hurt but he was running fast. T asks: Did his leg hurt? ( Yes) T writes: - His leg hurt but he was able to run fast. T explains. Can: have the ability or opportunity to do st ex: He can speak three languages Could: - had ability in the past. Some verbs : see, hear. Smell, taste, fell, remember, understand. 7 - express an ability was/ were able to: - had the specific ability to do st - express an effort to do Sth. Ask Ps to make sentences with the structures with could/ was/ were able to. 2. Question Tags UNIT 16: 1. It is said/ believed that .and People say that . - Teacher gives examples: It is said that time is money. People say that time is money. - T remarks: Cả hai cùng có nghĩa là: Ngời ta nói rằng. + It is said/ believed that: Dùng cho dạng bị động của câu với túc từ là một mệnh đề. - T focuses the form: S1 + V1 (that) + S2 + V2 + 0 + M It + be + V1 (V-edP2) (that) S2 + V2 + 0 + M S2 + be + V1 (V-edP2) + V2 (infinitive) + 0 + M - T asks Ss to give some examples and rewrite the sentences using the above structures. - Teacher gives examples: It is said that health is more precious than gold. Health is said to be more precious than gold. a. Mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề túc từ cùng thời gian (cùng thì): V2 đợc ở dạng nguyên mẫu đơn. People believe (that) knowledge is the key to open all things. Knowledge is believed to be the key to open all things. b. Mệnh đề túc từ diễn tả hành động xảy ra trớc hành động của mệnh đề chính V2 đợc ở dạng nguyên mẫu hoàn thành. They know that the prisoner escaped from the jail. The prisoner is believed to have escaped from the jail. c. Mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề túc từ cùng thời gian nhng khác thì: V2 đợc ở thì tiếp diễn và V1 ở thì đơn. They think that the police are searching for the murderer. The police are thought to be searching for the murderer. 8 . Kì II LớP 11 UNIT 8: T writes some sentences on the board and asks Ps to comment on the use of one(s), some one, no one, anyone, and everyone. + I don. relative pronouns with prepositions from Ps. Notes: - A relative pronoun can be the object of a preposition. - In formal English we can put the preposition before