Nghiên cứu sản xuất và đánh giá hiệu quả bổ sung chế phẩm enzyme cellulase, amylase đến khả năng sinh trưởng và năng suất thịt của gà lương phượng

1 TểM TT e nõng cao kh nng sinh trng v sc sn xut tht ca gia cm nờn tin hnh Nghiờn cu sn xut v ỏnh giỏ hiu qu b sung ch phm enzyme amylase, cellulase n kh nng sinh trng v nng sut tht ca g Lng Phng Nghiờn cu ny c bt u bng nuụi cy cỏc chng vi nm Trichoderma trờn mụi trng cm ng v tuyn chn cỏc chng Trichoderma cú kh nng sinh amylase, cellulase Sau ú, kho sỏt cỏc chng ny trờn mụi trng bỏn rn cha c cht C cht c s dng l bó khoai mỡ vỡ bó khoai mỡ l ph phm cụng nghip rt di v r tin Trong thnh phn chớnh bó khoai mỡ ang kho sỏt, tinh bt v cellulose chim t l ln lt 32,33 % v 6,96 % nờn thớch hp lm c cht nuụi cy nm Trichoderma thu nhn amylase v cellulase Ch phm enzyme - Eplus c to theo quy trỡnh sn xut th nghim iu kin nuụi cy nm Trchoderma ti u l 36 gi trờn mụi trng bỏn rn cha bó khoai mỡ 80 %, m 60 % Trong ch phm cha 12,11 % tinh bt; 2,01 % cellulose; hm lng ng kh 12,79 (mg/ml); hot enzyme amylase 407,8 (UI/g); cellulase 649,37 Ul/g; m formol 12,22 (g/1) Khi trn ch phm enzyme - Eplus vo thc n tng hp v nuụi th nghim trờn g Lng Phng, cho thy: t l nuụi sng tớch ly 99 - 100 %; tiờu tn 2,2 - 2,5 kg thc n hn hp cho kg tng trng; trng lng trung bỡnh g trng v mỏi mi tun tui t 1,92 - 2,2 kg v 1,61 - 1,7 kg; nng sut tht t 76 - 79 % B sung 10 - 15 % ch phm enzyme Eplus vo thc n tng hp l thớch hp cho nuụi g Lng Phng t ba tun tui tr lờn Ngoi ra, s dng ch phm enzyme Eplus hn ch phõn t, gim ụ nhim mụi trng, gim c chi phớ thuc tr bnh cho g, gim c chi phớ chn nuụi Chng T VN ẩ Thc n dựng chn nuụi (bp, tm, cỏm, u ) cú cu trỳc thnh t bo thc vt (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin) c gi chung cỏc cht ny l NSP C th vt nuụi khụng cú kh nng tit nhng enzyme tiờu húa nhng c cht ny (tr thỳ n c) nờn lóng phớ mt phn nng lng t cỏc NSP khụng c tiờu húa Cỏc NSP l mt yu t hn ch dinh dng.V nuụi gia sỳc, gia cm thng phm cú nng xut cao, ngi chn nuụi cho vt nuụi n nhiu thc n mau t trng lng xut chung Vi cỏch cho n ny thc n tiờu húa khụng kp ó b thi ngoi, khụng tn dng ht ngun dinh dng thc n, hao tn thc n v tng chi phớ chn nuụi, hiu qu kinh t gim Vn trờn c gii quyt bng phng phỏp b sung cỏc h enzyme thy phõn vo thc n vt nuụi M mt nhng h enzyme thy phõn ỏng chỳ ý cú ngun gc t vi nm Trchoderma bi vi nm ny cú kh nng tng hp enzyme ngoi bo nh cellulase, amylase, pectinase, chitinase, xylanase, endo-6 -glucanase v exo-6 - glucanase, protease, lipase, phytase Trong ú, enzyme amylase v cellulase cú th thu nhn tn dng bó khoai mỡ nuụi vi nm Trichoderma bó khoai mỡ cha 32,33 % tinh bt v 6,96 % cellulose Ngoi ra, tn dng tt ngun c cht bó khoai mỡ cũn gúp phn gim bt ụ nhim mụi trng mựi hụi thi v nm mc c hi phỏt trin trờn bó khoai mỡ khụng s dng e thu nhn hot amylase v cellulase ca vi nm Trichoderma cao, n nh cng nh kho sỏt mc hot ng ca enzyme h tiờu húa vt nuụi nờn tin hnh Nghiờn cu sn xut v ỏnh giỏ hiu qu b sung ch phm enzyme amylase, cellulase n kh nng sinh trng v nng sut tht ca g Lng Phng Cellulase l mt phc h hydrolase gm t cellulase Cj n cellulase Cx v P- glucosidase Chỳng phõn hy ln lt cellulose cui cựng to sn phm ng glucose Hin nay, cellulase t vi sinh vt c sn xut vi quy mụ cụng nghip v c ng dng vo nhiu cụng nghip thc phm, cụng nghip sn xut nhiờn liu sinh hc, chn nuụi ng vt n c, sn xut dc liu (Nguyn c Lng, 2006) V amylase l cỏc enzyme ng hoỏ, cú kh nng phõn hy amylose v amylopectin, glycogen v cỏc polysaccharide tng t gii phúng glucose Amylase cú kh nng phõn hy ph thi cha cỏc ngun tinh bt t cỏc lng ngh lm bỳn, bỏnh a, bỏnh cun, ch bin nụng sn ngụ khoai, sn V amylase thng c b sung cỏc hp cht húa hc nhm ci to ao h, kớch thớch tng trng v phỏt trin mnh ca ng vt thy sn cỏc giai on mong mun Trong sn xut cht ty ra, amylase phõn gii cỏc vt bn cacbohydrat vi v qun ỏo Trong cụng nghip thc phm, enzyme amylase c dựng cụng on h húa v thy phõn tinh bt (Bựi i Cụng, 2005) ó cú nhiu nh khoa hc nghiờn cu v enzyme Trchoderma ú cú Christian p Kubicek v ctv (1988), nhn thy dũng nm Trchoderma reese QM - 9414 cú hiu qu tt nht vic bin cellulose thnh ng en nm 2000, Gary E Harman ó nghiờn cu c ch to cỏc enzyme phõn hu lp cellulose hay chitin nh cellulase, chitinase, p - 1,3 glucanase ca Trichoderma Trong nc cng cú nghiờn cu ca Trn Thnh Phong v ctv (2007), ó tn dng bó mớa kt hp vi cỏm mỡ nh ngun carbon nuụi cy Trchoderma reesei VTT - D - 80133 thu nhn cellulase V nm 2003, Lờ Th Uyờn Tho v ctv ó tin hnh kho sỏt iu kin nuụi cy Trichoderma harzianum (Vit Nam) trờn mụi trng bỏn rn cha bó khoai mỡ Kt qu h enzyme thu nhn cú hot cellulase 3.243,5 Ul/g, pectinase 106,1 Ul/g, xylanase 10.119,5 Ul/g Cỏc thớ nghim trờn ch dng giai on nghiờn cu v enzyme cha th nghim thc t nờn cha ỏnh giỏ hiu qu tỏc dng ca enzyme t vi nm Trichoderma, nờn nhn thy cn nghiờn cu mt qui trỡnh sn sut enzyme ca vi nm Trchoderma v th nghim ch phm trờn thc t ch phm enzyme c ng dng trờn nhiu lnh vc khỏc v gúp phn mang li li ớch cho xó hi Chuụng MC TIấU V PHNG PHP NGHIấN cu 2.1 Mc tiờu nh tớnh v nh lng enzyme ca cỏc chng Trichoderma tỡm cỏc chng cú hot tớnh enzyme cao to ch phm enzyme amylase v cellulase Th nghim ch phm ny trờn g Lng Phng nhm tỡm t phi trn thớch hp ca ch phm enzyme vi thc n hn hp ỏnh giỏ hiu qu b sung ch phm enzyme n kh nng sinh trng v sc sn xut tht ca g Lng Phng 2.2 Phng phỏp nghiờn cu 2.2.1 Bo qun ging Trichoderma Theo Nguyn c Lng (2006), phng phỏp bo qun ging Trichoderma ph bin v n gin l cy truyn v bo qun lnh Da trờn s trao i cht theo mt khong thi gian nht nh Sau khong thi gian ny li lp li cụng vic trờn Mc ớch ca bo qun ging Trichoderma l sau quỏ trỡnh bo qun cỏc tớnh trng quan trng ca ging khụng b mt hoc b gim Trong nh tớnh v nh lng enzyme ca Trchoderma thc hin nhiu ln v thi gian thớ nghim kộo di nờn cn thit bo qun ging theo phng phỏp trờn thớ nghim khụng b giỏn on v m bo cỏc ln lp li thớ nghim khụng b sai s nhiu V m bo ỏnh giỏ chớnh xỏc hot ca cỏc chng Trichoderma Cỏch tin hnh: cy truyn mi ging vi sinh vt vo ng nghim, nuụi cy nhit 28 - 32 c cho n to c lng sinh nht nh, mi ging ly mt ng dựng cho nghiờn cu, mt ng dựng sn xut hoc kim tra, mt ng dựng cho bo qun nhit lnh c Sau khong mt thỏng cy truyn v lp li nh trờn, tuõn th chu kỡ cy truyn v bo qun lnh 2.2.2 Phng phỏp nhõn ging Phng phỏp ny nhm nhõn s lng t bo ca vi nm Trichoderma, to kh nng thớch nghi dn cho vi nm iu kin c cht bó khoai mỡ tng dn + Phng phỏp nhõn ging cp mt: mi ng nghim ging c cho vo 10 ml nc ct hp vụ trựng, khuy u Hỳt ml (mt t bo 105 - 106 t bo/1 ml) cho vo mụi trng nhõn ging cp mt, o u Bo qun ni khụ rỏo v sch s + Phng phỏp nhõn ging mụi trng cp hai: dựng kp ly bo t t bỡnh nhõn ging cp mt ri cho vo bỡnh mụi trng cp hai, o u, ni khụ rỏo sch s (Trn Thanh Thy, 1999) Ging trờn mụi trng cp hai c gi iu kin thớch nghi cao nht kh nng phỏt trin v sinh enzyme trờn mụi trng sn xut ca vi nm Trchoderma l tt nht 2.2.3 PhoTig phỏp xỏc nh m õy l phng phỏp h tr cho ngi lm thớ nghim xỏc nh m nguyờn liu s dng, tớnh h s khụ kit ca nguyờn liu giỳp xỏc nh hm lng tinh bt v cellulose chớnh xỏc Phng phỏp ny cú th xỏc nh m ca mụi trng nuụi cy m bo vi nm Trchoderma hot ng tt v xỏc nh m ca sn phm sau nuụi cy nhm bo qun sn phm tt hn Nguyờn tc: dựng sc núng lm bay hi ht hi nc mu phõn tớch Cõn trng lng mu trc v sau sy khụ, t ú tớnh phn trm nc cú thc phm ( i Ngha, 2005) Cỏch tin hnh: Mu cn xỏc nh m (nghin nh) I Cõn chớnh xỏc mt lng nht nh 4g Cho vo chộn ng mu (c sy khụ n trng lng khụng i) I.' Cho vo t sy (100 - 105 c - gi n trng lng khụng i) Lm ngui bỡnh hỳt m (20 - 30 phỳt) v em cõn Tớnh kt qu w(%) = - -.100 (1) m Trong ú: w : m ca mu (%) mj: Trng lng chộn v trng lng mu trc sy (g) m2 : Trng lng chộn v trng lng mu sau sy (g) m : Trng lng mu phõn tớch (g) 2.2.4 Xỏc nh s lng t bo Theo Nguyn Hong Lc (2006), s lng t bo c xỏc nh bng phng phỏp m trc tip bo t trờn bung m hng cu Xỏc nh s lng bo t lml ging m bo s lng bo t vi nm Trichoderma khụng quỏ nh cy chuyn sang mụi trng bỏn rn Ngoi ra, xỏc nh sộ lng bo t v nm Trichoderma c sn phm nuụi cy kim tra vi s lng bo t ny c gõy hi cho b mỏy tiờu húa cho vt nuụi ựng sn phm enzyme ó sn xut theo qu trỡnh th nghim Cu to bung m hng cu: bung m hng cu l mt phin kớnh dy hỡnh ch nht, gia l phn lừm phng, ti õy c k mt li gm 400 hỡnh vuụng nh cú din tớch tng cng l mm2 ễ trung tõm cú 25 ụ vuụng ln, m ụ vuụng ln ny c 16 ụ vuụng nh Vi th din tớch mt hỡnh vuụng nh l 1/400 mm2 v mt hỡnh vuụng ln hn l 1/25 mm2 Cỏch tin hnh: tin hnh pha loóng mu cỏc nng khỏc t lỏ kớnh lờn khu vc bung m Lc u dch t bo nm Trchoderma v dựng micropipet ly dch cho vo khe mộp gia bung m Trỏnh to bt khớ t bung m vo bn kớnh hin v v yờn vi phỳt Chnh kớnh hin v, vi vt knh X 40, tỡm mng m khu vc bung m Chnh th trng cho mt th trng cha trn mt ụ ln (4x4=160 nh) Hỡnh 2.1 Bung m haemocytometer m s t bo v tớnh toỏn: th tớch dch cha trờn ụ trung tõm (gm 25 ụ vuụng ln hay 400 ụ vuụng nh) l X 0,1 =0,1 mm3 (vỡ din tớch tng cng ca ụ trung tõm l mm2) Tuy nhiờn, ch cn m s t bo trờn ụ vuụng ln i din cho 25 ụ vuụng ln trờn ụ trung tõm Khi ú, s lng t bo ml (1 g) mu nghiờn cu c tớnh bng cụng thc sau: 400-a 103 10" N - -AT (2) Trong ú: N : sụ lng tờ bo trong01,1-6 ml mõu nghiờn cu a : s t bo ụ vuụng ln ( 80 ụ vuụng nh) b : s ụ vuụng nh ụ vuụng ln (16x5 = 80 ụ vuụng nh) 400 : tng s ụ vuụng nh ụ trung tõm 0, 103 : s chuyn mm3 thnh ml (1000 mm3 = ml) 10" : pha loóng mu : th tớch dch t bo (tớnh bng mm3) cha trờn ụ trung tõm 2.2.5 Phng phỏp xỏc nh hm lng cellulose, tinh bt Theo Nguyn Quang Tõm (2003), hm lng cellulose thụ, tinh bt c xỏc nh bng phng phỏp thy phõn bng axit v kim mnh S dng phng phỏp ny vi mc ớch xỏc nh lng tinh bt, cellulose cú bó khoai mỡ cng nh xỏc nh lng tinh bt, cellulose cú sn phm trc v sau nuụi cy vi nm Trichoderma Qua ú ỏnh giỏ kh nng s dng c cht ca vi nm Trichoderma + Xỏc nh hm lng cellulose Nguyờn tc: phng phỏp nh lng cellulose da vo tớnh cht bn vng ca cellulose trc tỏc dng ca acid mnh, kim mnh Trong ú, cỏc cht khỏc thng i kốm theo vi cellulose nh tinh bt, pectin ớt bn hn i vi tỏc dng ca acid v kim, nờn b oxi húa, phõn gii v tan vo dung dch x lý nguyờn liu bng dung dch kim hoc bng hn hp nitric vi acid acetic Cỏch thc hin: cõn g bó khoai mỡ cho vo bỡnh 500 ml + 200 ml NaOH 0,5 % Hi lu v un nh 30 phỳt (lp ng sinh hn ngc) khụng bt tro Lc qua giy lc, cn cũn li vi NaOH núng cho cn celulose + 10ml HC1 10 % bỡnh cu (nhit thng) + 10 ml nc Javel nh t t, va cho va khuy u yờn phỳt ri lc, cho cn tỏc dng vi NaOH 0,5 % nhit 40 c hũa tan cht khỏc, lc, lp li hai ln cho cellulose tht trng Ra bng nc sụi, sy khụ n trng lng khụng i, t bỡnh hỳt m v cõn Tớnh hm lng cellulose (%) gam mu: Trong ú: X: hm lng cellulose (%) X= a 100 w (3) a: trng lng cellulose (g) W: trng lng khụ ca mu thớ nghim (g) 100: h s chuyn i thnh (%) + Xỏc nh hm lng tinh bt Nguyờn tc: tinh bt l mt polysaccarit, khụng tan nc nhng cú th tan dung dch HC1 v cú th kt ta li bng cn 96 nờn sau loi cỏc cht bng cn v bng ete, tinh bt c hũa tan axit clohidric, ri kt ta bng cn 96 Ra sch, cõn v tớnh hm lng tinh bt 100 g mu phõn tớch Cỏch tin hnh: cõn chớnh xỏc g bó khoai mỡ cho vo phu s ỏy ó lút giy lc ct trũn Ra bng ete, bng cn ri bng nc, mi th hai ln, bng cỏch hỳt chõn khụng Cn v giy lc c chuyn sang mt cc thy tinh, cho vo 11 ml nc ct vi 14 ml HC1 m c, khuy k Tinh bt hũa tan vo dung dch Chuyn sang bỡnh nh mc dung dch Chuyn sang bỡnh nh mc dung 100 ml, cc thy tinh v dn ht nc vo bỡnh nh mc, sau ú cho nc va 100 ml v lc Hỳt ly 50 ml dch lc trờn cho vo mt cc thy tinh, thờm 110 ml cn 96 khuy u v yờn t lnh (khong 10-12 gi) cho tinh bt kt ta ht Chun b hai ming giy lc trũn bng nhau, sy khụ cựng mt iu kin v cõn Lng hai ming giy lc vo nhau, giy s trờn giy s 2, vo ỏy phu cho tht khớt (nu h thỡ khụng hỳt c chõn khụng) Lc kt ta tinh bt bng chõn khụng v bng cỏch lc gn Ra sch kt ta vi 200ml cn 70 %, sau ú vi cn 96 cho n ht phn ng Cl' Tỏch tht khộo hai ming giy lc riờng r (giy s phi gi y kt ta, giy s lm i chng trng), sy nhit 130 c mt gi, ngui bỡnh hỳt m v cõn Hm lung tinh bt lOOg bó khoai mỡ: ( p - P).100 (4) Trong ú: p = + P2-PI P= + P2 - Pi - PT PJ : trng lng giy s (g) p2 : trng lng giy s (g) PT : trng lng ca kt ta (g) 2.2.6 Phng phỏp ly trớch enzyme thụ bng phng phỏp ly tõm lnh Bỡnh mụi trng ó nuụi cy, cõn 10 g v thờm nc ct vụ trựng, t lờn mỏy lc 30 phỳt, chit dung dch cho vo ng ly tõm, ly tõm lnh (4.000 vũng 10 phỳt), thu enzyme (Trng Phc Thiờn Hong, 2001) Enzyme thụ c ly trớch v kim tra hot , thụng qua ú ỏnh giỏ hot enzyme ca Trchoderma quỏ trỡnh nuụi cy nhng iu kin khỏc 2.2.7 Xỏc nh hm lng ng kh Theo Nguyn Nh Nht v Lõm Th Kim Chõu (2006), xỏc nh hm lng ng kh bng phng phỏp Miller Trong mi giai on nuụi cy, mi t l ging v mi t l c cht khỏc thỡ lng ng kh sinh khụng ging bit s khỏc bit nh th no thỡ phng phỏp Miller s cho cõu tr li chớnh xỏc Thụng qua xỏc nh lng ng kh cú th ỏnh giỏ hot enzyme trờn mụi trng sn xut, h tr vic xỏc nh giai on, t l ging v t l c cht no thớch hp cho hot ng trao i cht ca vi nm Trchoderma Nguyờn tc: phng phỏp ny da trờn c s phn ng to mu gia ng kh vi thuc th acid dinitrosalisylic (DNS) Cng mu ca hn hp phn ng t l thun vi nng ng kh Da trờn ng chun ca glucose tinh khit vi thuc th acid dinitrosalisylic s tớnh c hm lng ng kh ca mu nghiờn cu Cỏch thc hin: Dng ng chun glucose: chun b ng nghim sch, cho vo cỏc ng nghim ln lt cỏc nng dung dch glucose - 500 pg/ml, thờm nc ct v thuc th DNS Lc u cỏc ng nghim ny, dỏn nylon lờn ming ng nghim, un sụi cỏch thy 15 phỳt, lm lnh v nhit phũng (bng mt chu nc lnh) o hp th OD bc súng 530 nm (AG ) vi ng s l ng i chng (Aw) Bng 2.1 Phng phỏp dng ng chun glucose ng s 100 0,1 200 0,2 300 400 Dung dch glucose chun (ml) 0 0,3 0,4 0,5 Dung dch DNS (ml) 1 1 1 Nc ct (ml) 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 Nng dd glucose chun (pg/ml) 500 Hiu chun hp thu OD ca dung dch glucose chun bng hiu s: (AG - Aw) Dng th ng chun glucose vi trc tung l mt quang (OD), trc honh l nng glucose (mg/ml) 10 c Tớnh h s glucose: F = - - A- A Gw A (5) A Trong ú: F : h s glucose CG: nng dung dch glucose chun (mg/ml) AG : hp thu OD ca dung dch glucose chun Aw : hp thu OD ca phn ng vi nc ct Chia nng (mg/ml) cho hp thu OD ca mi dung dch glucose chun thu c giỏ tr h s glucose, sau ú tớnh giỏ tr h s trung bỡnh 2.2.8 Xỏc nh hot tớnh h enzyme cellulase Nguyờn tc: s dng CMC nh c cht, dch chit enzyme vi CMC 60 phỳt v pH = 5,0 Sau , phõn t glucose c phúng thớch, o hm lng glucose xỏc nh c hot tớnh enzyme cellulase (Nguyn Lõn Dng v ctv,1976) Khi kho sỏt iu kin nuụi cy trờn mụi trng nhõn ging cp mt, cp hai v mụi trng sn xut iu kin nuụi cy khỏc thỡ hot cellulase cng khỏc tỡm iu kin nuụi cy no cú hot enzyme ti u nht thỡ cn phi xỏc nh hot cellulase Cỏch thc hin: + Thc hin phn ng th tht: dựng pipet hỳt ml dung dch CMC 0,3 %; ml dung dch enzyme v ml dung dch m acetate pH = 5,0 hn hp phn ng nhit 40 c mt gi Sau ú ly hn hp bung nhit, hỳt ly ml dung dch v ml dung dch thuc th DNS % un sụi cỏch thy - phỳt, lm ngui v o OD (A, = 530 nm), cú c hp thu OD l AK + Thc hin phn ng th khụng: tng t phn ng th tht nhng thay ml dch enzyme bng ml dch enzyme b bt hot (enzyme c un 20 phỳt 100 C), o OD (X = 530 nm), cú c hp thu OD l AT Hot cellulase (Ul/g) = 2nV m Trong ú: Aj: hp thu OD ca dung dch phn ng enzyme Ak: hp thu OD ca phn ng th khụng : th tớch hn hp phn ng (ml) V : th tớch enzyme ban u (ml) n : pha loóng; m: lng mu phõn tớch (g) (6) Bng 5.11 T l bó khoai mỡ trờn mụi trng sn xut Bó khoai T.92 T.133 mỡ (%) Hot amylase Hot cellulase Hot amylase Hot ce||ujase 70 70 70 75 1181.2 1215.1 1170 1252.1 4085 3998.8 4277.7 4613.5 4085 3952.7 3763.8 4340.7 3999.8 3933.5 7598 7895.2 7985.3 4112.3 3945 943.8 819.6 1035.2 822.2 1029.2 1034.4 1345 1352.1 1245.1 1027.1 1036.2 75 75 80 80 80 85 85 1379.8 1363.2 1458.1 1467.3 1464.6 1096.1 1046.7 85 90 1118.9 1056 4008.5 4077.7 906.5 835 3544.6 3482.3 90 90 1044.9 1043 3230.8 3818.1 832.5 922.2 3486.1 3525.6 4654 4341 6899 6560.4 6550.8 3901.2 3945 Summary Statistics for Hoat amylase T.92 Ty le ba khoai mi Count Average Variance Standard deviation Standard error 70 1188.77 551.443 23.4828 13.5578 75 80 3 1331.7 4821.01 1463.33 22.3633 69.4335 4.72899 40.0874 2.73028 85 90 3 1087.23 1362.17 1047.97 49.3033 36.9076 7.02163 21.3086 4.05394 Total 15 1223.8 26646.7 163.238 42.1479 ANO VA Table for Hoat amylase T.92 by Ty le ba khoai mi Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Between groups 359441.0 89860.3 Within groups 13612.6 10 1361.26 Total (Com.) 373054.0 14 F-Ratio P-Value 66.01 0.0000 Multiple Range Tests for Hoat airy!ase T92 by Ty lie ba khoai mi N e thod: Level 95.ệ percent L50 Mean CỳunL 90 85 70 75 60 3 3 HorTHjgencQus Groups X X X X X 1047.97 107.73 1188.77 1331.7 1463,33 Summary Statistics for Hoat ceMase T.92 Ty le ba khoai mi Count Average Variance Standard deviation Standard error 70 75 80 85 90 3 3 Total 15 4120.51 4182.27 7826.17 4021.92 3708.85 4771.94 20386.6 140598.0 41077.7 7133.2 188276.0 142.782 374.964 202.676 84.4583 433.908 82.4351 216.485 117.015 48.762 250.517 2.58388E6 1607.44 415.04 ANOVA Table for Hoat ceUulase T92 by Ty b ba khoai mi Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Between groups 3.53793E7 Within groups 794942.0 10 Total (Corr.) 3.61743E7 14 Mean Square 8.84483E6 79494.2 F-Ratio 111.26 P-Value 0.0000 Multiple Ranche Test-? for Moat reớ luớase T92 by Ty le ba lihoai mi Method; , percent I.5D Level Mean 90 65 70 75 fiO 3 3 Count 370E.85 4021.97 4120.S1 41B2.27 7826-17 Summary Statistics for Hoat amylase T133 l'y b ba khoai mi Count Average 70 75 80 85 90 Total 3 3 932.867 961.933 1314.08 989.933 863.233 15 1012.41 Mocrageneous Groups X X X X X Variance Standard deviation Standard error 11710.5 14650.8 3579.67 5241.54 2609.36 108.215 121.041 59.8303 72.3985 51.0819 31679.0 177.986 ANOVA Tabb for Hoat amylase T133 by T b ba khoai mi 62.478 69.8828 34.543 41.7993 29.4922 45.9558 Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Between groups 367922.0 Within 91980.5 10 groups 75583.8 7558.38 Total (Corr.) 443506.0 F-Ratb P~Value 12.17 0.0007 14 Multiple Range Tests for Hoat arrylase T133 by Ty le ba khoai mi Wet hod: Level 90 70 75 95.0 percent Count 150 3 3 85 80 Mean Homogeneous Groups 863-2 33 932,867 X X X X 9CL.933 989,933 X 1314.08 Summary Statistics for Hoat ceMase T133 Ty le ba khoai mi Count Average Variance Standard deviation Standard error 70 75 80 85 90 3 3 3933.85 4445.25 6670.05 3796.93 3497.99 Total 15 4468.81 26052.5 32696.0 39337.9 48224.5 574.616 161.408 180.82 198.338 219.601 23.9712 1.41944E6 1191.4 307.618 ANOVA Table for Hoat cellulase T133 by Ty le ba khoai mi Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups 1.95783E7 Within groups 293771.0 4.89458E6 10 29377.1 166.6 0.0000 Total (Corr.) 1.98721E7 14 Multiple Range Tests for Hoat cellulase Till by Ty le ba khoai mi methods Level 90 85 70 75 80 95.0 percent count 3 3 LSD *iean 3497.99 379G.93 3933.85 4445.25 6670.05 Homogeneous Groups X XX X X X 93.1889 104.397 114.51 126.787 13.8398 Ph lc Kt qu kho sỏt g Lng Phng Bng 6.1 B trớ trng lng ban u ca lụ thớ nghim LO Count Mean Homogeneous Groups 20 20 20 20 20 210.8 211.1 211.45 211.5 211.55 X X X X X Analysis of Variance B trớ trng lng Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups Within groups 132248.0 8.26 95 2.065 1392.08 0.00 1.0000 Bng 6.2 Trng lng trung bỡnh ca cỏc lụ g Lng Phng qua cỏc tun tui Analysis of Variance by tuan tuoi Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups 91765.1 Within groups 824538.0 95 22941.3 8679.34 2.64 0.0383 Total (Com.) 916303.0 99 ANOVA Table for luong by tuan nuoi Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Between groups 20816.4 Within groups 1.31679E6 Total (Com.) 1.33761E6 5204.11 95 13861.0 FP-Value Ratio 0.38 0.8256 99 ANOVA Table for luong by tuan nuoi Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Between groups 164933.0 Within groups 2.08764E6 Total (Com.) 2.25257E6 Df Mean Square 41233.3 95 21975.1 99 FRatio P-Value 0.1209 1.88 ANOVA Table for bong by tuan nuoi Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Between groups 481204.0 Withta 120301.0 groups 2.78578E6 29323.9 Total (Corr.) 3.26698E6 F-Ratio 95 4.10 P-Vabe 0.0041 99 ANOVA Table for bong by tuan nuoi Analysis of Variance Sum of Squares Source Df Mean Square F-Ratio Between groups 819265.0 204816.0 94 Wilhb groups 4.02621E6 42832.0 Total (Corr.) 4.84547E6 4.78 P-Value 0.0015 98 ANOVA Table for TL den 10 tuan tuoi by LO Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Vabe Between groups 1.01613E6 Within groups 2.45053E8 795 Total (Corr.) 2.46069E8 254032.0 308243.0 0.82 0.5099 799 Summary Statistics for luong trung binh ga Luong Phuong 10 tuan tuoi LO Count Average Total 159 160 160 160 159 798 Standard error Coeff of variation 951.953 1017.3 963.541 940.633 905.033 955.759 43.9603 47.5658 43.189 43.3102 41.3527 19.6391 58.2296% 59.1436% 56.6974% 58.2412% 57.6153% 58.0462% Bng 6.3 Tng tuyt i ca g Lng Phng tun th nghim Summary Statistics for tang ong tuyet doi tu - 10 tuan tuoi lo Count Average Standard deviation Standard error Coeff of variation Total Total 8 8 40 40 30.2214 33.3483 29.8107 29.6044 27.8596 12.2828 13.2323 13.2045 13.0608 11.9203 30.1689 12.214 12.214 4.34261 4.67834 4.66851 4.61768 4.21447 1.93121 1.93121 40.6426% 39.6792% 44.2946% 44.1177% 42.787% 40.4855% 40.4855% Summary Statistics for tang tuyet doi - tuan tuoi to Count Average Standard deviation Standard error Coeff variation 9.84065 20 20.66 2.03307 0.454609 % 26.4428 2.07363 0.463678 20 7.84195 26.5928 4.07896 0.912083 20 % 2.32257 0.519341 20 21.6628 15.3386 192766 2.10338 0.47033 20 % 10.7215 Total 100 22.927 3.99513 0.399513 % 10.9115 ANOVA Table for tang tuyet doi by to 3-4 tuan tuoi % Analysis of Variance 17.4254 Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value % Between groups Within groups Total (Corn) 917.237 662.905 1580.14 229.309 94 6.97795 32.86 of 0.0000 98 Summary Statistics for tang tuyet doi 4-5 tuan tuoi to Count Average Standard deviation Standard error Coeff of variation 19 20 20 20 19 Total 98 28.1316 30.2643 25.0715 26.5371 24.3781 26.8892 3.73905 3.25447 6.24983 5.88458 3.88305 0.857798 0.727721 1.3975 1.31583 0.890834 5.14722 0.519948 13.2913 10.7535 % % 24.928% 22.1749 % 15.9285 % 19.1423 % ANOVA Table for tang tuyet doi by to 4- tuantuoi Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Between groups Within groups Total (Corn) Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value 445.528 2124.38 2569.91 111.382 93 22.8428 4.88 0.0013 97 Summary Statistics for tang tuyet doi 5-6 tuan tuoi to Count Average Standard deviation Standard error Coeff of variation 19 20 20 20 19 Total 98 32.2737 33.367 37.2178 33.76 35.5007 34.4348 6.92288 5.32821 47112 92967 6.55252 1.58822 19142 1.22338 22034 1.50325 7.11768 0.718994 21.4505 15.9685 % % 14.7003 % 29.4126 % 18.4574 % 20.67% ANOYA Table for tang tuyet doi by to - tuan tuoi Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups 297.138 Within groups 4617.02 Total (Corr.) 4914.16 93 74.2846 49.6453 1.50 0.2097 97 Summary Statistics for tang tuyet doi tuan tuoi to Average Standard deviation Standard error 19 20 20 20 19 Total 98 38.8812 31.8257 32.0963 35.4757 38.5519 35.2978 Count Coeff of variation 7.99031 7.30796 7.74646 6.981 7.24346 1.8331 1.63411 1.73216 1.561 1.66176 20.5506% 22.9625% 24.135% 19.6782% 18.7889% 7.9082 0.798849 22.4042% ANOVA Table for tang tuyet doi by to - tuan tuoi Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Between groups Within groups Total (Corr.) Df Mean Square 891.898 5174.45 6066.34 22.974 93 55.6392 F-Ratto P-Value 4.01 0.0048 97 Summary Statistics for tang tuyet doi - tuan tuoi to Count Average Standard deviation Standard error 19 20 20 20 19 Total 98 23.0301 34.157 23.8357 24.3571 22.9022 25.7113 8.39779 10.1715 5.22391 8.40019 8.25783 1.92659 2.27441 1.1681 1.87834 1.89448 9.16173 0.925475 ANOVA Table for tang tuyet doi by to tuan tuoi Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio Between groups 1820.15 Within groups 6321.77 Total (Corr.) 93 8141.92 97 455.038 67.976 6.69 p-Value 0.0001 Coeff of V 36.4644 % 29 7785% 21.9163 % 34.4877 % 36.0569 % 35.6331 % Summary Statistics for tang tuyet doi - tuan tuoi lo Count Average Standard deviation Standard error Coeff of variation 19 20 20 20 19 50.9548 61.643 57.6427 57.0714 27.4738 8.62686 13.3795 9.81338 9.7385 63.8389 1.97914 2.99174 2.19434 2.1776 14.6457 16.9304% 21.7048% 17.0245% 17.0637% 232.363% Total 98 51.1968 31.4802 3.17998 61.4887% ANOYA Table for tang tuyet doi by lo - tuan tuoi Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Between groups Within groups 14397.7 81729.8 93 Total (Corn) 96127.5 Mean Square 3599.42 878.816 F-Ratio 4.10 p-Value 0.0042 97 Summary Statistics for tang tuyet doi - 10 tuan tuoi lo Count 19 20 20 20 19 Total 98 Average 33.6088 34.7856 22.4285 24.5716 34.8872 Standard deviation Standard error Coeff of variation 6.26996 14.7613 6.28857 13.0898 45.9773 29.9708 22.6584 1.43843 3.30072 1.40617 2.92696 10.5479 18.6557% 42.435% 28.0383% 53.272% 131.789% 2.28884 75.6015% ANOVA Table for tang tuyet doi by lo 9-10 tuan tuoi Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups 2895.11 Within groups 46904.9 Total (Corr.) 49800.0 93 723.778 504.354 1.44 0.2286 97 Summary Statistics for tang tuyet doi 2-10 tuan tuoi lo Count Average 134 140 140 140 135 33.0234 36.0694 32.1265 31.9194 29.8614 12.1061 14.082 13.2139 14.1518 34.2637 1.04581 1.19014 1.11678 1.19605 2.94895 36.6591% 39.0414% 41.1309% 44.3361% 114.743% 32.6162 19.4136 0.739599 59.5213% Total 689 Standard deviation Standard error Coeff of variation ANOVA Table for tang tuyet doi by fo - 10 tuan tuoi Df Mean Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Square 704.421 1.88 0.1124 374.972 Between groups 2817.68 Within groups 256481.0 684 Total (Carr.) 259299.0 F-Ratio p-Value 688 Bng 6.4 Bng thng kờ lng thc n tiờu th g Lng Phng Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups Within groups 33501.0 8375.26 2.27829E6 35 65094.0 Total (Corr.) 2.31179E6 4.13 0.0471 39 Bng 6.5 Lng thc n tớch ly Multiple Xange Testa for luong thuo an tioh luv by la Mỹ 95.G IpereeSiL LSD Tuan fcbod: Lo Wean fl fi a a a a Homogrijeous Groups X X X X X 196.825 134.63 203.205 213.37 211.57 ANOVA Table for luong thuc an tich luy by lo Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Between groups Within groups Df Mean Square 4271.35 2310.0 F-Ratio 1067.84 35 66.0 16.18 P-Vaiue 0.0000 Bng 6.6 Tiờu tn thc n cho kg tng trng Multiple Range Tsana for ctta cho kg tang by tuõn Method: man 95,0 percent L5D Count is Mean is sigma Rcoogeneoiis Groups 0.239274 0.239274 X X l5 2.5342 2.5506 2,6004 0.239274 0.239274 0.239274 XX XX X 5 c 2.6544 3,7734 4.7656 0.239274 0.239274 0.239274 X T Jj i 49*02 1.E3 c Multiple Range Tests for It ta cho 1kg tang by l LS Method: 95.0 Dercent D Count Hearn IQ L a s 8 X X Homogeneous Groups 2.21425 2.55363 2.98538 3.04367 3.21767 X XX XX X X Analysis of Variance for ttta cho 1kg tang - Type m Sums of Squares Source Sum of Squares MAIN EFFECTS Aluan BĩO RESIDUAL Df 37.9003 5.35795 8.0153 TOTAL (CORRECTED) 51.2735 Mean Square 5.41433 1.33949 28 0.286261 F-Ratio 18.91 0.0000 4.68 0.0050 39 Bng 6.7 T l nuụi sng tớch ly Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups Within groups 160.0 59.375 40.0 35 1.69643 23.58 p-Value 0.0000 Bng 6.8 Kho sỏt cht lng tht g trng v g mỏi Analysis of Variance for TY LE MOC HAM - Type III Sums of Squares Source Sum of Squares MAIN EFFECTS A:GIOI TINH B:LO 228980.0 2207.5 RESIDUAL 7157.5 Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value 228980.0 447.88 0.0000 551.875 1.08 0.4037 14 511.25 TOTAL (CORRECTED) 238345.0 19 ANOVA Table for TY LE MOC HAM (trong) by LO Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Between groups Within groups F-Ratio 9.65176 2.41294 1.0422 0.20844 Total (Corr.) 10.694 11.58 p-Value 0.0097 ANOVA Table for ty le moc ham by lo(trong) Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups Within groups 5.42 1.04 Total (Corr.) 6.46 1.355 0.208 6.51 0.0322 Multiple Range feats for ty le iKSC han by lo w&tihod; lo 95.0 percent L9D Mean count 2 2 2 79.45 &Q 45 B0.75 B, a 1,55 Homogeneous Groups X XX X X X ANOVA Table for TY LE MOC HAM (mai) by LO Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Between groups Within groups Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value 16.496 3.48 4.124 5.93 0.0388 0.696 Total (Corr.) 19.976 Multiple Ran^e Tests for t-y le moc haằ ỹy lo ctsa tuai Method: 1G 35 Q percent LSD Count 2 2 n Mm Kenn Etoraogfcneaus Graupr 77.2 77.75 TB 15 79=.15 9C- 85 X X X XX K Bang 6.9 T lờ quõy thit g cựa trụng v mõi A NOVA Table for TL QUAY THIT GA MAI by LO Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Between groups Within groups 14.84 3.71 285.38 0.065 0.013 Total (Corr.) 14.905 Multiple Rar.ae Tests lox Method: 95.& percent lo count LED i y l e cm-ay tsiit by lo ti&ai] Mean 6.65 9.8 Ê e 7-0.3 70.75 32