CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14 CẤU TẠO TỪ (WORD FORMATION) * PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT A Cách thành lập DANH TỪ Formation NOUNS Verb + er/ or/ ant Teacher, manager, driver, actor, director, attendant, assistant Verb + ion Action, invention, construction, direction, revolution, decision Verb + ment/ al Development, appointment, refusal, removal, approval Verb + ing Swimming, teaching, jogging, training, building Adj + ness Kindness, goodness, happiness, sadness, darkness, illness, sickness Adj + ty Safety, loyalty, variety, ability, honesty, cruelty, Adj + th Length, depth, width, truth, warmth, strength Adj + dom Freedom, wisdom, boredom Noun + ist/ ian Guitarish, novelish, violinist, musician, physician, historian Noun + ism Patriotism, capitalism, socialism, heroism Noun + ship Friendship, leadership, scholarship, comradeship Noun + hood Childhood, brotherhood, neighbourhood, parenthood Super/ over/ sub/ sur + Supermarket, superman overexpenditure subway overexpenditure N Vị trí DANH TỪ Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books Sau- mạo từ: a /an / the - từ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, … He is a student - từ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several These flowers are beautiful - tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its… She needs some water Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) She buys books She meets a lot of people Sau giới từ (prep + N) He talked about the story yesterday He is interested in music Trước V chia (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived Sau enough (enough + N) I don’t have enough money to buy that house B Cách thành lập TÍNH TỪ formular Adjectives Harmful, useful, successful, hopeful, helpful, peaceful, careful - ful Childless, odourless, careless, hopeless, harmless, useless - less Manly, worldly, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, friendly - ly Childlike, godlike, lifelike, ladylike, manlike - like Childish, boyish, girlish, selfish - ish Hearthy, dirty, dusty, snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny, sandy - y Natural, national, industrial, agricultural, cultural, magical - al Dangerous, courageous, poisonous, mountainous - ous Artistic, electric, alcoholic, economic - ic Enjoyable, reasonable, respectable - able Un/ im/ il/ ir/in/ dis + Unimportant, impossible, illegal, irregular, disable adj Vị trí TÍNH TỪ Trước N (Adj + N) Sau TO BE Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem … This is an interesting books I am tired It becomes hot Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely (cực kỳ), completely (hoàn toàn), really (thực sự), terribly, very, quite, rather, … Sau keep / make) Sau too (be + too + adj) Trước enough (be + adj + enough) Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj) + Noun Trong câu cảm thán: - How + adj + S + V - What + (a / an) + adj + N She feels sad It is extremely cold I’m terribly sorry She is very beautiful The news made me happy That house is too small The house isn’t large enough She was so angry that she can’t speak My new car is blue How beautiful the girl is! What an interesting film! Note: adj-ed adj-ing Hình thức phân từ (-ING): Diễn tả nhận thức người nói người/việc Ex: That film is interesting (Bộ phim hay.) (Người xem nhận thấy phim hay.) Hình thức khứ phân từ (-ED): Diễn tả cảm giác người nói người/việc đem lại Ex: I am confused about the question (Tôi bị bối rối câu hỏi.) (Câu hỏi làm bối rối.) C Cách thành lập ĐỘNG TỪ formular Verbs Dis + verb Dislike, disagree, discharge, disappear, disappoint Mis + verb Mislead, misread, misunderstand, Out + verb Outrun, outlive, outnumber, Over + verb Overweigh, overpay, overturn, overheat, overcharge Re + verb Rewrite, reuse, recycle, return, retell, recall, Under + verb Underdevelop, underdo, underline, undercharge, undersign En + adj Enable, enrich, enlarge, encourage, endanger ADJ/ noun + en Weaken, sharpen, tighten, loosen, shorten, soften Adj/ noun + ise/ ize Socialize, memorize, industrialize,sympathise economise C Cách thành lập TRẠNG TỪ Phần lớn: Adj + -ly -> Adv Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ: - good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt - late (a) late / lately (adv): trễ, chậm - ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, - fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh - hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm hardly (adv): không Vị trí Trạng từ Adv + adj Ex: She is very beautiful The weather is extremely hot Adverbs are placed at the beginning of the sentence Ex: Unfortunately, he failed the exam Adverbs are placed after the verb modified Ex: He is running fast Adv + Pii Ex: He is well educated The wedding day is carefully chosen by groom’s parents * PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG My mother is a of English Her father is a She sent her best wishes for my future (TEACH) (FARM) (HAPPY) He was punished for his We like going in his car as he is a driver AIDS is a disease She looks in her new coat He turns out to be the student in his class Nam is always 10 There are four _in my house 11 The photocopy is between the _ and the drugstore 12 Is your brother an _? 13 Mai's sister is a 14 We must be when we cross the road 15 This tree has a lot of green _ 16 Is your father a ? 17 I’m Vietnamese What’s your ? 18 Air is a big problem in many cities in the world 19 Yoko is from Japan She is _ 20 Mary likes attending the English contests 21 My neighborhood is for good and cheap restaurants 22 I like the city life because there are many kinds of 23 Lan’s classroom is on the floor 24 These children like weather 25 Lan speaks English than me 26 The Great Wall of China is the world’s structure 27 What’s Mary’s ? - She’s British 28 We should not waste and water 29 Let him it 30 My aunt is a good ………… 31 Thao is my friend She is very ……… 32 I want to go ………… in the summer 33 My sister ……………gets up early in the morning 34 Don’t go out at night because it is very …………… 35 This exercise is very ………… I can’t it 36 He can speak English ………… than his brother 37 How you feel now? – I feel ………… 38 My uncle lives in the city He is a ………… 39 Where is Tom? – He is in the ………… room 40 Nam is the … of the three boys 41 Vietnam has a lot of …… beaches 42 Air … is a big problem in many cities in the world 43 Our school children sometimes go … on the weekend 44 I’m Vietnamese What’s your … ? 45 Mount Everest is very high It is … mountain in the world 46 Don’t make a fire here It’s very … 47 Is your father a … ? 48 We went to bed early because we had a ……… day 49 There were two ……… yesterday:fire-making and rice-cooking 50 The old lamp ……………… in China is five dollars (LAZY) (CARE) (DANGER) (ATTRACT) (GOOD) (BUSINESS) (BOOKSELF) (BAKE) (ACT) (SING) (CARE) (LEAF) (BUSINESS) (NATION) (POLLUTE) (JAPAN) (SPEAK) (FAME) (ENTERTAIN) (TWO) (SUN) (WELL) (LONG) (NATION) (ELECTRIC) (HE) (TEACH) (BEAUTY) (SWIM) (USUAL) (DANGER) (DIFFICULTY) (GOOD) (TIRE) (DRIVE) (LIVE) (TALL) (BEAUTY) (POLLUTE) (CAMP) (NATION) (HIGH) (DANGER) (BUSINESS) (TIRE) (COMPLETE) (MAKE) Multiple choice He has been very interested in doing research on _ since he was at high school a biology b biological c biologist d biologically You are old enough to take _ for what you have done a responsible b responsibility c responsibly d irresponsible Many Vietnamese people their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation a sacrifice b sacrificed c sacrificial d sacrificially They had a candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage a romance b romantic c romantically d romanticize She sent me a _ letter thanking me for my invitation a polite b politely c politeness d impoliteness As an _, Mr Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency a educate b education c educator d educative He was the only _ that was offered the job a apply b application c applicant d applying Many people have objected to the use of animals in _ experiments a science b scientist c scientific d scientifically _ is increasing, which results from economic crisis a Employment b Unemployment c Employ d Unemployed 10 _! I have heard of your success in the new project a Congratulate b Congratulating c Congratulation d Congratulations 11 A / an _ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct a dangerous b endanger c endangered d endangerment 12 Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with a extinct b extinction c extinctive d extinctly 13 They are going to _ the pool to meter a deep b depth c deepen d deeply 14 The referee had no hesitation in awarding the visiting team a _ a penalty b penalize c penal d penalization 15 The referee's _ is the most important in any sport competition a decide b decisive c decision d decider 16 Johnny used to be one of the most _ athletes in my country a succeed b success c successful d successfully 17 The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many volunteers a support b supporter c supportive d supportively 18 He was so _ that he could not even say a word a nerve b nerves c nervous d nervously 19 I am really _ in the way he talks, but the way he behaves a interest b interested c interesting d interestingly 20 Thanks to labor-saving devices, women have more time to take part in _ activities a society b social c socially d socialize Grade 12 UNIT 1: HOME LIFE Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase He has been very interested in doing research on _ since he was at high school a biology b biological c biologist d biologically Are you sure that boys are more _ than girls? a act b active c action d activity You are old enough to take _ for what you have done a responsible b responsibility c responsibly d irresponsible These quick and easy _ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost a solve b solvable c solutions d solvability He was looking at his parents _, waiting for recommendations a obey b obedience c obedient d obediently The interviews with parents showed that the vast majority were _ of teachers a support b supportive c supporter d supporting It is _ of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it a care b caring c careless d careful For reasons, passengers are requested not to leave any luggage unattended a secure b securely c security d securing The leader of the explorers had the great _ in his native guide a confident b confidence c confidential d confidentially 10 We are impressed by his _ to help us with the hard mission a will b willing c willingness d willingly UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase John cannot make a to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car a decide b decision c decisive d decisively My mother used to be a woman of great _, but now she gets old and looks pale a beauty b beautiful c beautifully d beautify Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in _ a agree b agreeable c agreement d agreeably The more _ and positive you look, the better you will feel a confide b confident c confidently d confidence My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _ by next week a marry b married c marriageable d marriage Many Vietnamese people their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation a sacrifice b sacrificed c sacrificial d sacrificially They had a candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage a romance b romantic c romantically d romanticize Are there any _, between Vietnamese and American culture? a differences b different c differently d differential 11 Some people are concerned with physical _when choosing a wife or husband a attractive b attraction c attractiveness d attractively 12 What could be more _ than a wedding on a tropical island? a romance b romantic c romanticizing d romanticism 13 In my hometown, many people still believe in _ marriage a contract b contractual c contracts d contracting 14 _ women are responsible for the chores in the house and taking care of the children a With tradition b On tradition c Traditional d Traditionally 15 Though their performance was not perfect yet, the students held the audience's until the end a attentive b attention c attentively d attentiveness 16 The survey will cover various ways of _ the different attitudes toward love and marriage of today's youth a determination b determine c determined d determining 17 Both Asian and Western students seem _ about how to answer the questionnaire of the survey a confusedly b confused c confusing d confusion 19 She was unaware of the embarrassing situation due to her different cultural background a complete completed c completing d completely b 20 What is more important to you, intelligence or _? a attraction b attractiveness c attractive d attracted UNIT 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING The family has a very important role in _ children A social B socialist C socializing In U S schools, teachers don't mind their students' _ them during the lectures A interrupt B interrupted C interrupting D socialism D to interrupt His achievements were partly due to the of his wife A assist B assistant C assisted D assistance By working day and night, they succeeded their work in time A finished B to finish C finishing D in finishing They started, as _ gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized in the last few years A informal B informally C informalize D informality Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and A communicate B communication C communicative D communicator The lecturer explained the problem very clearly and is always in response to questions A attention B attentive C attentively D attentiveness I make no for encouraging my children to succeed in school A apologize B apologetic C apologies D apoplectic 10 It was very more of a chat than an interview A formal B informal C formality D informality Unit 4: SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM Exercise: Choose the most suitable word or phrase As an _, Mr Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency a educate b education c educator d educative In England, primary education is provided by state schools run by the government and by _ fee-paying schools a independent b independently c depended d independence He did not well at school and left with few _ qualifications a academic b academy c academician d academically The Minister of the Education and Training Department appeared on TV last night to - his new policy a public b publicly c publicize d publicizing He owed his success not to privilege but to self-education and a driving desire for _ a achieve b achiever c achievement d achievable To Vietnamese students, the _ examination to university is very difficult a require b requirement c requiring d required Despite many recent _ advances, there are parts where schools are not equipped with computers a technology b technological c technologically d technologist There is a wide range of _ in the education system of the USA a select b selective c selected d selection 10 Military is _ in this country Every man who reaches the age of 18 has to serve in the army for two years a compulsory b optional c illegal d unnecessary UNIT 5: HIGHER EDUCATION Exercise: Choose the best option He was the only _ that was offered the job a apply b application c applicant d applying Parents can express a _ for the school their child attends a prefer b preference c preferential d preferable Many people have objected to the use of animals in _ experiments a science b scientist c scientific d scientifically I would like to invite you to participate in the ceremony _ a graduate b graduated c graduation d graduating Mr Pike provided us with an _ guide to the full-time and part-time programs on offer to a range of candidates drawn from schools and colleges a inform b informative c informed d information Not many places at the universities are left, so choice is on a severe _ a limiting b limitation c delimitation d limited You should ask him about your choice because he often made the right ……………… A decides B decision C decisive D deciding 10 Can you tell me about the……………process to tertiary study in Vietnam? A applies B applying C application D apply UNIT 6: FUTURE JOBS Exercise: Choose the best option I am so _ that I cannot say anything, but keep silent a nerve b nervous c nervously d nervousness A letter of _ is sometimes really necessary for you in a job interview a recommend b recommended c recommender d recommendation Doctors have to assume _ for human life a responsible b responsibly c responsibility d responsibles He was offered the job thanks to his _ performance during his job interview a impress b impression c impressive d impressively The interviewer gave his consent to John's for work and promised to give him a job a keen b keenly c keener d keenness _! I have heard of your success in the new project a Congratulate b Congratulating c Congratulation d Congratulations It is _ to fail a job interview, but try again a disappoint b disappointing c disappointedly d disappointment 10 I don't like _jobs In fact, I never want to work under high pressure a stress b stressed c stressing d stressful UNIT 10: ENDANDERED SPECIES Exercise: Choose the best answer _ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact with their environment a Biology b Biological c Biologist d Biologically A / an species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct a dangerous b endanger c endangered d endangerment Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain legal _ a protect b protection c protective d protector Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with a extinct b extinction c extinctive d extinctly Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than _ rates found in the fossil record a nature b natural c naturally d naturalness It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat _ and degradation are the leading threats a destroy b destructive c destructor d destruction They eventually realize that reckless _ of the earth's resources can lead only to eventual global disaster a exploit b exploitable c exploitation d exploitative Farmers make their soil more productive by distributing _ a fertile b fertility c fertilizers d fertilizable Chemical wastes from factories are _ that cause serious damage to species habitats a pollutes b pollutants c pollutions d polluters Development of the area would _wildlife a danger b dangerous c endanger d dangerously 10 England was one of the first countries to a industry b industrial c industrialize d industrialization 11 Their is rejected due to some problems of pollution a suggest b suggestion c suggestive d suggestible 12 We all regard pollution as a matter to human beings a serious b seriously c seriousness d seriousful 13 The people in our village are leading a life a peace b peaceful c peacefully d peacefulness 14 We have to suffer a lot of floods due to our serious of forests a destroy b destructive c destruction d destructor UNIT 11: BOOKS Exercise: Choose the best answer This book is not really It is a waste of money buying it a inform b information c informative d informatively Sometimes it is to find suitable books for our children a difficult b difficulty c difficultly d difficulties Read the book and you can find the information you need a care b careful c carefulness d carefully Not many people find reading more than watching TV a interest b interested c interesting d interestingly To become a novelist, you need to be a imagine b imagination c imaginative d imaginarily Mary enjoys reading _, adventure, and whatever else she can either buy or borrow a romance b romantic c romanticize d romanticism The novel has had a tremendous impact on and publishing markets a entertain b entertainer c entertainment d entertainingly The children have very different a person b personal c personality d personalities He talked of the past and his youth a romance b romantic c romantically d romances 10 Star Wars was created by a highly _ writer a imaginable b imaginative c imaginary d imagination 15 The film The First to Fly is an biography of the two famous Wright brothers a entertainer b entertaining c entertained d entertainment th UNIT 13: THE 22 SEA GAMES Exercise: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentence Johnny used to be one of the most _ athletes in my country a succeed b success c successful d successfully nd The 22 SEA Games consisted of athletes from eleven _ countries a participate b participant c participation d participating _, the athlete broke the world's record with two attempts a Surprise b Surprised c Surprising d Surprisingly Before the 22nd SEA Games, Vietnam had made a good _ in every aspect a prepare b preparation c preparative d preparer The second part of the program in the 22nd SEA Games opening ceremony was named " _ for Peace" a Cooperate b Cooperation c Cooperative d Cooperatively The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many _ volunteers a support b supporter c supportive d supportively UNIT 14: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Exercise: Choose the best answer The International Red Cross helps people in need without any discrimination based on _, race, religion, class or political opinions a national b nationally c nationality d native The International Committee of the Red Cross is a private _ institution founded in 1863 in Geneva, Switzerland a human b humanity c humanization d humanitarian In former days, after the battles soldiers on both sides died or were left wounded on the field without any _ attendance and basic care a medicine b medical c medication d medically All payments to the ICRC are _ and are received as donations a volunteer b voluntary c voluntarily d voluntariness The Red Cross organizes and leads relief assistance missions after , such as natural disasters, man-made disasters, and epidemics a emergent b emergencies c emergently d emergence One of the tasks of the Red Cross is also to support local _ care projects a health b healthy c healthful d healthily According to World Bank figures, 41 per cent of Brazilians live in absolute _ a poor b poorer c poorly d poverty Up until the middle of the 19th century, there were no _ and well established army nursing systems for casualties a organize b organized c organizational d organizers UNIT 15: WOMEN IN SOCIETY Exercise: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentence A child receives his early from their parents a educate b education c educator d educative Thanks to the women's liberation women can take part in activities 3 a social b society c socially d socialize To preserve that , it was necessary to preserve the people that had created it a civil b civilize c civility d civilization The Prime Minister is to consider changes to sexually laws to enforce equal opportunities a discriminate b discrimination c discriminatory d discriminated In former days, women were considered not to be suitable for becoming a a politics b political c politically d politician Western women are more than Asian women a depend b dependent c independent d independently In some communities a husband's over his wife is absolute a power b powerful c powerfully d powered I think that up to now there has not been a real between men and women a equal b equally c equality d equalize It is illegal to _on grounds of race, sex or religion a differ b differentiate c discriminate d certify ... adj-ing Hình thức phân từ (-ING): Diễn tả nhận thức người nói người/việc Ex: That film is interesting (Bộ phim hay.) (Người xem nhận thấy phim hay.) Hình thức khứ phân từ (-ED): Diễn tả cảm giác... industrialize,sympathise economise C Cách thành lập TRẠNG TỪ Phần lớn: Adj + -ly -> Adv Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ: - good (a) well...Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely (cực kỳ), completely (hoàn toàn), really (thực sự), terribly, very, quite,