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CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH: CẤU TẠO TỪ

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socialize Grade 12 UNIT 1: HOME LIFE Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase 1.. willingly UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase 1

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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14

CẤU TẠO TỪ (WORD FORMATION)

* PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT

Verb + er/ or/ ant Teacher, manager, driver, actor, director, attendant, assistant

Verb + ion Action, invention, construction, direction, revolution, decision

Verb + ment/ al Development, appointment, refusal, removal, approval

Verb + ing Swimming, teaching, jogging, training, building

Adj + ness Kindness, goodness, happiness, sadness, darkness, illness, sickness

Adj + ty Safety, loyalty, variety, ability, honesty, cruelty,

Adj + th Length, depth, width, truth, warmth, strength

Adj + dom Freedom, wisdom, boredom

Noun + ist/ ian Guitarish, novelish, violinist, musician, physician, historian

Noun + ism Patriotism, capitalism, socialism, heroism

Noun + ship Friendship, leadership, scholarship, comradeship

Noun + hood Childhood, brotherhood, neighbourhood, parenthood

Super/ over/ sub/ sur + N Supermarket, superman overexpenditure subway overexpenditure Vị trí của DANH TỪ Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books Sau- mạo từ: a /an / the - từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, … - từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several

- tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its… He is a student These flowers are beautiful She needs some water Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) She buys books She meets a lot of people Sau giới từ (prep + N) He talked about the story yesterday He is interested in music Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived Sau enough (enough + N) I don’t have enough money to buy that house B Cách thành lập TÍNH TỪ formular Adjectives - ful Harmful, useful, successful, hopeful, helpful, peaceful, careful

- less Childless, odourless, careless, hopeless, harmless, useless

- ly Manly, worldly, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, friendly

- like Childlike, godlike, lifelike, ladylike, manlike

- ish Childish, boyish, girlish, selfish

- y Hearthy, dirty, dusty, snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny, sandy

- al Natural, national, industrial, agricultural, cultural, magical

- ous Dangerous, courageous, poisonous, mountainous

- ic Artistic, electric, alcoholic, economic

- able Enjoyable, reasonable, respectable

Un/ im/ il/ ir/in/ dis + adj Unimportant, impossible, illegal, irregular, disable

Vị trí của TÍNH TỪ

Trước N (Adj + N) This is an interesting books

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Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem … It becomes hot

She feels sad

Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely (cực kỳ),

completely (hoàn toàn), really (thực sự), terribly,

very, quite, rather, …

It is extremely cold

I’m terribly sorry

She is very beautiful

Sau too (be + too + adj) That house is too small

Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn’t large enough

Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can’t speak

A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj)

+ Noun

My new car is blue

Trong câu cảm thán:

- How + adj + S + V

- What + (a / an) + adj + N

How beautiful the girl is!

What an interesting film!

Note: adj-ed adj-ing

Hình thức hiện tại phân từ (-ING): Diễn tả nhận thức của người nói về người/việc gì đó

Ex: That film is interesting (Bộ phim đó hay.) (Người xem nhận thấy bộ phim hay.)

Hình thức quá khứ phân từ (-ED): Diễn tả cảm giác của người nói do người/việc gì đó đem lại Ex: I am confused about the question (Tôi bị bối rối về câu hỏi.) (Câu hỏi làm tôi bối rối.)

formular Verbs

Dis + verb Dislike, disagree, discharge, disappear, disappoint

Mis + verb Mislead, misread, misunderstand,

Out + verb Outrun, outlive, outnumber,

Over + verb Overweigh, overpay, overturn, overheat, overcharge

Re + verb Rewrite, reuse, recycle, return, retell, recall,

Under + verb Underdevelop, underdo, underline, undercharge, undersign

En + adj Enable, enrich, enlarge, encourage, endanger

ADJ/ noun + en Weaken, sharpen, tighten, loosen, shorten, soften Adj/ noun + ise/ ize Socialize, memorize, industrialize,sympathise economise

C Cách thành lập TRẠNG TỪ Phần lớn: Adj + -ly -> Adv Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently

Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ:

- good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt

- late (a) late / lately (adv): trễ, chậm

- ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, kém

- fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh

- hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm chỉ hardly (adv): hầu như không

Vị trí của Trạng từ

1 Adv + adj

Ex: She is very beautiful

The weather is extremely hot

2 Adverbs are placed at the beginning of the sentence

Ex: Unfortunately, he failed the exam

3 Adverbs are placed after the verb modified

Ex: He is running fast

4 Adv + Pii

Ex: He is well educated

The wedding day is carefully chosen by groom’s parents

* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

1 My mother is a of English (TEACH)

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2 Her father is a (FARM)

3 She sent her best wishes for my future (HAPPY)

4 He was punished for his (LAZY)

5 We like going in his car as he is a driver (CARE)

6 AIDS is a disease (DANGER)

7 She looks in her new coat (ATTRACT)

8 He turns out to be the student in his class (GOOD)

9 Nam is always (BUSINESS)

10 There are four _in my house (BOOKSELF)

11 The photocopy is between the _ and the drugstore (BAKE)

14 We must be when we cross the road (CARE)

15 This tree has a lot of green _ (LEAF)

16 Is your father a ? (BUSINESS)

17 I’m Vietnamese What’s your ? (NATION)

18 Air is a big problem in many cities in the world (POLLUTE)

19 Yoko is from Japan She is _ (JAPAN)

20 Mary likes attending the English contests (SPEAK)

21 My neighborhood is for good and cheap restaurants (FAME)

22 I like the city life because there are many kinds of (ENTERTAIN)

23 Lan’s classroom is on the floor (TWO)

24 These children like weather (SUN)

25 Lan speaks English than me (WELL)

26 The Great Wall of China is the world’s structure (LONG)

27 What’s Mary’s ? - She’s British (NATION)

28 We should not waste and water (ELECTRIC)

29 Let him do it (HE)

31 Thao is my friend She is very ……… (BEAUTY)

32 I want to go ………… in the summer (SWIM)

33 My sister ………gets up early in the morning (USUAL)

34 Don’t go out at night because it is very ……… (DANGER)

35 This exercise is very ………… I can’t do it (DIFFICULTY)

36 He can speak English ………… than his brother (GOOD)

37 How do you feel now? – I feel ………… (TIRE)

38 My uncle lives in the city He is a ………… (DRIVE)

39 Where is Tom? – He is in the ………… room (LIVE)

40 Nam is the … of the three boys (TALL)

41 Vietnam has a lot of …… beaches (BEAUTY)

42 Air … is a big problem in many cities in the world (POLLUTE)

43 Our school children sometimes go … on the weekend (CAMP)

44 I’m Vietnamese What’s your … ? (NATION)

45 Mount Everest is very high It is … mountain in the world (HIGH)

46 Don’t make a fire here It’s very … (DANGER)

48 We went to bed early because we had a ……… day (TIRE)

49 There were two ……… yesterday:fire-making and rice-cooking (COMPLETE)

50 The old lamp ……… in China is five dollars (MAKE)

Multiple choice

1 He has been very interested in doing research on _ since he was at high school

a biology b biological c biologist d biologically

2 You are old enough to take _ for what you have done

a responsible b responsibility c responsibly d irresponsible

3 Many Vietnamese people their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation

Trang 4

a sacrifice b sacrificed c sacrificial d sacrificially

4 They had a candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage

a romance b romantic c romantically d romanticize

5 She sent me a _ letter thanking me for my invitation

a polite b politely c politeness d impoliteness

6 As an _, Mr Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency

a educate b education c educator d educative

7 He was the only _ that was offered the job

a apply b application c applicant d applying

8 Many people have objected to the use of animals in _ experiments

a science b scientist c scientific d scientifically

9 _ is increasing, which results from economic crisis

a Employment b Unemployment c Employ d Unemployed

10 _! I have heard of your success in the new project

a Congratulate b Congratulating c Congratulation d Congratulations

11 A / an _ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct

a dangerous b endanger c endangered d endangerment

12 Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with

a extinct b extinction c extinctive d extinctly

13 They are going to _ the pool to 1 8 meter

a deep b depth c deepen d deeply

14 The referee had no hesitation in awarding the visiting team a _

a penalty b penalize c penal d penalization

15 The referee's _ is the most important in any sport competition

a decide b decisive c decision d decider

16 Johnny used to be one of the most _ athletes in my country

a succeed b success c successful d successfully

17 The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many volunteers

a support b supporter c supportive d supportively

18 He was so _ that he could not even say a word

a nerve b nerves c nervous d nervously

19 I am really _ in the way he talks, but the way he behaves

a interest b interested c interesting d interestingly

20 Thanks to labor-saving devices, women have more time to take part in _ activities

a society b social c socially d socialize

Grade 12

UNIT 1: HOME LIFE Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase

1 He has been very interested in doing research on _ since he was at high school

a biology b biological c biologist d biologically

2 Are you sure that boys are more _ than girls?

a act b active c action d activity

3 You are old enough to take _ for what you have done

a responsible b responsibility c responsibly d irresponsible

4 These quick and easy _ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost

a solve b solvable c solutions d solvability

5 He was looking at his parents _, waiting for recommendations

a obey b obedience c obedient d obediently

6 The interviews with parents showed that the vast majority were _ of teachers

a support b supportive c supporter d supporting

7 It is _ of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it

8 For reasons, passengers are requested not to leave any luggage unattended

a secure b securely c security d securing

9 The leader of the explorers had the great _ in his native guide

a confident b confidence c confidential d confidentially

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10 We are impressed by his _ to help us with the hard mission

a will b willing c willingness d willingly

UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase

1 John cannot make a to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car

a decide b decision c decisive d decisively

2 My mother used to be a woman of great _, but now she gets old and looks pale

a beauty b beautiful c beautifully d beautify

3 Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in _

a agree b agreeable c agreement d agreeably

4 The more _ and positive you look, the better you will feel

a confide b confident c confidently d confidence

5 My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _ by next week

a marry b married c marriageable d marriage

6 Many Vietnamese people their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation

a sacrifice b sacrificed c sacrificial d sacrificially

7 They had a candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage

a romance b romantic c romantically d romanticize

8 Are there any _, between Vietnamese and American culture?

a differences b different c differently d differential

11 Some people are concerned with physical _when choosing a wife or husband

a attractive b attraction c attractiveness d attractively

12 What could be more _ than a wedding on a tropical island?

a romance b romantic c romanticizing d romanticism

13 In my hometown, many people still believe in _ marriage

a contract b contractual c contracts d contracting

14 _ women are responsible for the chores in the house and taking care of the children

a With tradition b On tradition c Traditional d Traditionally

15.Though their performance was not perfect yet, the students held the audience's until the end

a attentive b attention c attentively d attentiveness

16.The survey will cover various ways of _ the different attitudes toward love and marriage of today's youth

17.Both Asian and Western students seem _ about how to answer the questionnaire of the survey

a confusedly b confused c confusing d confusion

19.She was unaware of the embarrassing situation due to her different cultural background a complete b

20 What is more important to you, intelligence or _?

a attraction b attractiveness c attractive d attracted

UNIT 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING

1 The family has a very important role in _ children

A social B socialist C socializing D socialism

3 In U S schools, teachers don't mind their students' _ them during the lectures

A interrupt B interrupted C interrupting D to interrupt

4 His achievements were partly due to the of his wife

A assist B assistant C assisted D assistance

5 By working day and night, they succeeded their work in time

A finished B to finish C finishing D in finishing

6 They started, as _ gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized in the last few years

A informal B informally C informalize D informality

7 Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and

A communicate B communication C communicative D communicator

8 The lecturer explained the problem very clearly and is always in response to questions

A attention B attentive C attentively D attentiveness

9 I make no for encouraging my children to succeed in school

A apologize B apologetic C apologies D apoplectic

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10 It was very more of a chat than an interview

A formal B informal C formality D informality

Unit 4: SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM

Exercise: Choose the most suitable word or phrase

1 As an _, Mr Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency

a educate b education c educator d educative

2 In England, primary education is provided by state schools run by the government and by _ fee-paying schools

a independent b independently c depended d independence

3 He did not do well at school and left with few _ qualifications

a academic b academy c academician d academically

4 The Minister of the Education and Training Department appeared on TV last night to - his new policy

a public b publicly c publicize d publicizing

5 He owed his success not to privilege but to self-education and a driving desire for _

a achieve b achiever c achievement d achievable

6 To Vietnamese students, the _ examination to university is very difficult

a require b requirement c requiring d required

7 Despite many recent _ advances, there are parts where schools are not equipped with

computers

a technology b technological c technologically d technologist

8 There is a wide range of _ in the education system of the USA

a select b selective c selected d selection

10 Military is _ in this country Every man who reaches the age of 18 has to serve

in the army for two years

a compulsory b optional c illegal d unnecessary

UNIT 5: HIGHER EDUCATION Exercise: Choose the best option

3 He was the only _ that was offered the job

a apply b application c applicant d applying

4 Parents can express a _ for the school their child attends

a prefer b preference c preferential d preferable

5 Many people have objected to the use of animals in _ experiments

a science b scientist c scientific d scientifically

6 I would like to invite you to participate in the ceremony _

a graduate b graduated c graduation d graduating

7 Mr Pike provided us with an _ guide to the full-time and part-time programs on offer to a range of candidates drawn from schools and colleges

a inform b informative c informed d information

8 Not many places at the universities are left, so choice is on a severe _

a limiting b limitation c delimitation d limited

9 You should ask him about your choice because he often made the right ………

A decides B decision C decisive D deciding

10 Can you tell me about the………process to tertiary study in Vietnam?

A applies B applying C application D apply

UNIT 6: FUTURE JOBS Exercise: Choose the best option

1 I am so _ that I cannot say anything, but keep silent

a nerve b nervous c nervously d nervousness

2 A letter of _ is sometimes really necessary for you in a job interview

a recommend b recommended c recommender d recommendation

3 Doctors have to assume _ for human life

a responsible b responsibly c responsibility d responsibles

4 He was offered the job thanks to his _ performance during his job interview

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a impress b impression c impressive d impressively

5 The interviewer gave his consent to John's for work and promised to give him a job

a keen b keenly c keener d keenness

6 _! I have heard of your success in the new project

a Congratulate b Congratulating c Congratulation d Congratulations

7 It is _ to fail a job interview, but try again

a disappoint b disappointing c disappointedly d disappointment

10 I don't like _jobs In fact, I never want to work under high pressure

a stress b stressed c stressing d stressful

UNIT 10: ENDANDERED SPECIES

Exercise: Choose the best answer

1 _ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact with their environment

a Biology b Biological c Biologist d Biologically

2 A / an species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct

a dangerous b endanger c endangered d endangerment

3 Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain legal _

a protect b protection c protective d protector

3 Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with

a extinct b extinction c extinctive d extinctly

4 Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than _ rates found in the fossil record

a nature b natural c naturally d naturalness

5 It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat _ and degradation are the leading threats

a destroy b destructive c destructor d destruction

6 They eventually realize that reckless _ of the earth's resources can lead only to eventual global disaster

a exploit b exploitable c exploitation d exploitative

7 Farmers make their soil more productive by distributing _

a fertile b fertility c fertilizers d fertilizable

8 Chemical wastes from factories are _ that cause serious damage to species habitats

a pollutes b pollutants c pollutions d polluters

9 Development of the area would _wildlife

a danger b dangerous c endanger d dangerously

10 England was one of the first countries to

a industry b industrial c industrialize d industrialization

11 Their is rejected due to some problems of pollution

a suggest b suggestion c suggestive d suggestible

12 We all regard pollution as a matter to human beings

a serious b seriously c seriousness d seriousful

13 The people in our village are leading a life

a peace b peaceful c peacefully d peacefulness

14 We have to suffer a lot of floods due to our serious of forests

a destroy b destructive c destruction d destructor

UNIT 11: BOOKS Exercise: Choose the best answer

1 This book is not really It is a waste of money buying it

a inform b information c informative d informatively

2 Sometimes it is to find suitable books for our children

a difficult b difficulty c difficultly d difficulties

3 Read the book and you can find the information you need

a care b careful c carefulness d carefully

4 Not many people find reading more than watching TV

a interest b interested c interesting d interestingly

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5 To become a novelist, you need to be

a imagine b imagination c imaginative d imaginarily

6 Mary enjoys reading _, adventure, and whatever else she can either buy or borrow

a romance b romantic c romanticize d romanticism

7 The novel has had a tremendous impact on and publishing markets

a entertain b entertainer c entertainment d entertainingly

8 The children have very different

a person b personal c personality d personalities

9 He talked of the past and his youth

a romance b romantic c romantically d romances

10 Star Wars was created by a highly _ writer

a imaginable b imaginative c imaginary d imagination

15 The film The First to Fly is an biography of the two famous Wright brothers

a entertainer b entertaining c entertained d entertainment

UNIT 13: THE 22 th SEA GAMES Exercise: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentence

1 Johnny used to be one of the most _ athletes in my country

a succeed b success c successful d successfully

2 The 22nd SEA Games consisted of athletes from eleven _ countries

a participate b participant c participation d participating

3 _, the athlete broke the world's record with two attempts

a Surprise b Surprised c Surprising d Surprisingly

4 Before the 22nd SEA Games, Vietnam had made a good _ in every aspect

a prepare b preparation c preparative d preparer

5 The second part of the program in the 22nd SEA Games opening ceremony was named " _ for Peace"

a Cooperate b Cooperation c Cooperative d Cooperatively

6 The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many _ volunteers

a support b supporter c supportive d supportively

UNIT 14: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Exercise: Choose the best answer

1 The International Red Cross helps people in need without any discrimination based on _, race, religion, class or political opinions

a national b nationally c nationality d native

2 The International Committee of the Red Cross is a private _ institution founded in 1863 in Geneva, Switzerland

a human b humanity c humanization d humanitarian

3 In former days, after the battles soldiers on both sides died or were left wounded on the field without any _ attendance and basic care

a medicine b medical c medication d medically

4 All payments to the ICRC are _ and are received as donations

a volunteer b voluntary c voluntarily d voluntariness

5 The Red Cross organizes and leads relief assistance missions after , such as natural disasters, man-made disasters, and epidemics

a emergent b emergencies c emergently d emergence

6 One of the tasks of the Red Cross is also to support local _ care projects

a health b healthy c healthful d healthily

8 According to World Bank figures, 41 per cent of Brazilians live in absolute _

a poor b poorer c poorly d poverty

9 Up until the middle of the 19th century, there were no _ and well established army nursing systems for casualties

a organize b organized c organizational d organizers

UNIT 15: WOMEN IN SOCIETY Exercise: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentence

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1 A child receives his early from their parents

a educate b education c educator d educative

2 Thanks to the women's liberation women can take part in activities

a social b society c socially d socialize

3 To preserve that , it was necessary to preserve the people that had created it

a civil b civilize c civility d civilization

4 The Prime Minister is to consider changes to sexually laws to enforce equal opportunities

a discriminate b discrimination c discriminatory d discriminated

5 In former days, women were considered not to be suitable for becoming a

a politics b political c politically d politician

6 Western women are more than Asian women

a depend b dependent c independent d independently

7 In some communities a husband's over his wife is absolute

a power b powerful c powerfully d powered

8 I think that up to now there has not been a real between men and women

a equal b equally c equality d equalize

9 It is illegal to _on grounds of race, sex or religion

a differ b differentiate c discriminate d certify

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