CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH: CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13 CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (PHRASAL VERBS) * PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT A/ PHRASAL VERB (CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ) gì? - Phrasal verb (cụm động từ) kết hợp động từ giới từ trạng từ (được gọi chung tiểu từ - particle) Eg: V+ prep: look for, look like V+ adv: get away, take off V+ adv+ prep: catch up with B/ PHÂN LOẠI PHRASAL Intransitiv Verbs + Particle + Object VERBS Verbs + Particle + Object (inseparable Phr Transitive Verbs + Noun Noun Pronoun + particle + (on, off, up, down, in, out, Nội cụm động từ (Intransitive phrasal verbs) Là cụm động từ không cần tân ngữ theo sau Dưới số nội cụm động từ thường gặp VERB break down catch on come back come ince come to come over drop byut they never MEAN ING hỏng, phổ biến, thịnh hành trở về, trở lại vào, bước vào hồi tỉnh đến thăm ghẫ thăm We used to just drop by, but they were never home, so we stopped doing that eat out get by xoay sở (tài chính) get up dậy, trở dậy go on go on (2) grow up keep away keep on (with gerun pass out Popular songs seem to catch on in California first and then spread eastward Father promised that we would never come back to this horrible pl They tried to come in through the back door, but it was locked He was hit on the head very hard, but after several minutes, he started to come to again The children promised to come over, ăn nhà hàn go back EXAMPLE That old Jeep had a tendency to break down just when I needed it the most quay continu e happen trưởng thành, lớn lên remain at a distance ) c ngất, bất tỉnh When we visited Paris, we loved eating out in the sidewalk cafes Uncle Heine didn't have much money, but he always seemed to get by without borrowing money from relatives Grandmother tried to get up, but the couch was too low, and she couldn't make it on her own It's hard to imagine that we will ever go back to Lithuania He would finish one Dickens novel and then just go on to the next The cops heard all the noise and stopped to see what wasgoing on Charles grew up to be a lot like his fathe The judge warned the stalker to keep away from his victim's home n inue with the same He tried to keep on singing long after his voice was ruined He had drunk too much; he passed out on the sidewalk outside the bar demonst rate haughtil Whenever he sat down at the piano, y we knew he was going to show off Day after day, Efrain showed up for arrive class twenty minutes late tỉnh giấc I woke up show off show up wake up hen the rooster crowed Ngoại cụm động từ (Transitive phrasal verbs) Ngoại cụm động từ cụm động từ cần có tân ngữ theo sau E g We are looking for my key Remember to turn the lights off when going out 2.1 Ngoại cụm động từ tách (Separable phrasal verbs) Là cụm động từ mà tân ngữ theo sau tách cụm từ thành phần E g You have to this paint job over You have to over this paint job Nhưng tân ngữ cụm động từ đại từ cụm động từ thường phải tách làm E g You have to it over VERB blow up bring up bring up call off over fill out fill up find out give away give back hand in hang up hold up hold up (2) leave out look over look up make up MEANING explode EXAMPLE The terrorists tried to blow up the railroad station My mother brought up that little matter of my prison record mention a topic again nuôi dưỡng It isn't easy to bring up children nowadays cancel They called off this afternoon's meeting làm lại, ôn lại Do this homework over complete a form Fill out this application form and mail it in lấp đầy, điền đầy She filled up the grocery cart with free food phát hiện, khám My sister found out that her husband had been planning a phá surprise party for her cho, phân phát The filling station was giving away free gas My brother borrowed my car I have a feeling he's not about trả lại to give it back nộp, đệ trình The students handed in their papers and left the room gác, treo, móc She up the phone before she up her clothes delay I hate to hold up the meeting, but I have to go to the bathroom rob Three masked gunmen held up the Security Bank this afternoon You left out the part about the police chase down Asylum omit Avenue The lawyers looked over the papers carefully before questioning examine, check the witness (They looked them overcarefully.) search in a list You've misspelled this word again You'd better look itup invent a story or She knew she was in trouble, so she made up a story about lie going to the movies with her friends make out bịa (chuyện) pick out pick up nhặt ra, chọn hái, lượm point out call attention to put away save or store put off postpone mặc (quần áo), đội, đeo, … put on He was so far away, we really couldn't make out what he was saying There were three men in the line-up She picked out the guy she thought had stolen her purse The crane picked up the entire house (Watch them pick itup.) As we drove through Paris, Francoise pointed out the major historical sites We put away money for our retirement She put away the cereal boxes We asked the boss to put off the meeting until tomorrow (Please put it off for another day.) turn on I put on a sweater and a jacket (I put them on quickly.) The firefighters put out the house fire before it could spread extinguish (They put it out quickly.) đọc lướt I read over the homework, but couldn't make any sense of it My wife set up the living room exactly the way she wanted it arrange, begin She set it up make a written These are your instructions Write them down before you note forget remove clothing It was so hot that I had to take off my shirt discuss We have serious problems here Let's talk them over like adults discard That's a lot of money! Don't just throw it away thử đồ She tried on fifteen dresses before she found one she liked thử nghiệm I tried out four cars before I could find one that pleased me lower volume Your radio is driving me crazy! Please turn it down He applied for a promotion twice this year, but he wasturned reject down both times raise the volume Grandpa couldn't hear, so he turned up his hearing aid switch off electricity We turned off the lights before anyone could see us repulse It was a disgusting movie It really turned me off switch on the electricity Turn on the CD player so we can dance use up exhaust, use completely put out read over set up take down take off talk over throw away try on try out turn down turn down (2) turn up turn off turn off (2) The gang members used up all the money and went out to rob some more banks 2.2 Ngoại cụm động từ tách (Separable phrasal verbs) Là cụm động từ có phần tiểu từ tách khỏi động từ gốc chứa nghĩa cụm động từ (verb-meaning) VERB call on call on (2) get over MEANING ask to recite in class visit bình phục, khỏi (bệnh) EXAMPLE The teacher called on students in the back row The old minister continued to call on his sick parishioners I got over the flu, but I don't know if I'll ever get over my broken heart go over review go through look after look into run across run into take after wait on use up; consume take care of investigate tình cờ gặp meet resemble serve break in on interrupt (a conversation) catch up with check up on come up with cut down on drop out of get along with get away with get rid of get through with keep up with bắt kịp examine, investigate Đóng góp (suggestion, money) Nghĩ cắt giảm leave school have a good relationship with trốn tội eliminate finish theo kịp anticipate with look forward to pleasure look down on khinh thường look in on look out for look up to visit (somebody) be careful, anticipate respect make sure of verify put up with run out of tolerate dùng hết be responsible for answer impolitely recall abandon take care of talk back to think back on walk out on The students went over the material before the exam They should have gone over it twice They country went through most of its coal reserves in one year Did he go through all his money already? My mother promised to look after my dog while I was gone The police will look into the possibilities of embezzlement I ran across my old roommate at the college reunion Carlos ran into his English professor in the hallway My second son seems to take after his mother It seemed strange to see my old boss wait on tables I was talking to Mom on the phone when the operator broke in on our call After our month-long trip, it was time to catch up with the neighbors and the news around town The boys promised to check up on the condition of the summer house from time to time After years of giving nothing, the old parishioner was able to come up with a thousand-dollar donation We’ve come up with how to deal with the problem We tried to cut down on the money we were spending on entertainment I hope none of my students drop out of school this semester I found it very hard to get along with my brother when we were young Janik cheated on the exam and then tried to get away with it The citizens tried to get rid of their corrupt mayor in the recent election When will you ever get through with that program? It's hard to keep up with the Joneses when you lose your job! I always look forward to the beginning of a new semester It's typical of a jingoistic country that the citizens look down on their geographical neighbors We were going to look in on my brother-in-law, but he wasn't home Good instructors will look out for early signs of failure in their students First-graders really look up to their teachers Make sure of the student's identity before you let him into the classroom The teacher had to put up with a great deal of nonsense from the new students The runners ran out of energy before the end of the race My oldest sister took care of us younger children after Mom died The star player talked back to the coach and was thrown off the team I often think back on my childhood with great pleasure Her husband walked out on her and their three children CÁC CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ (PHRASAL VERB) THƯỜNG GẶP (trong chương trình SGK phổ thông) account for: giải thích, kể đến ask for: đòi hỏi break down = fail, collapse: hỏng, suy sụp break out = start suddenly: bùng nổ, bùng phát bring up = raise and educate: nuôi nấng bring about = cause sth to happen: xảy ra, mang lại catch up / catch up with: bắt kịp, theo kịp call off: hủy bỏ call on = visit: viếng thăm 10 call up: gọi điện 11 carry on: tiến hành 12 carry out: tiến hành 13 catch up with: theo kịp với 14 come along: tiến hành 15 come on= begin: bắt đầu 16 come out = appear: xuất 17 come about = become lower: giảm xuống, sa sút 18 come over = visit: ghẫ thăm 19 come up with: think of: Nghĩ 20 cool off: (nhiệt tình) nguội lạnh đi, giảm 21 count on = investigate, examinate: tính, dựa vào 22 differ from = not be the same: không giống với 23 fall behind: thụt lùi, tụt lại đằng sau 24 fill in: điền vào, ghi vào 25 fill out = discover: khám phá 26 get over = recover from: vượt qua, khắc phục 27 get up: thức dậy 28 get along / get on with sth: have a good relationship with sb: hòa thuận 29 give in: nhượng bộ, chịu thua 30 give up = stop: từ bỏ, bỏ 31 go after: theo đuổi 32 go by (thời gian: trôi qua 33 go after = chase, pursue: theo đuổi, rượt đuổi 34 go ahead = be carried out: diễn ra, tiến hành 35 go along = develop, progress: tiến 36 go away: biến mất, tan 37 go back = return: trở lại 38 go in: vào, vào 39 go off (chuông): reo, (súng, bom): nổ, (sữa): chua, hỏng, (thức ăn), (đèn) tắt, (máy móc): hư 40 go on = continue: tiếp tục 41 go over: xem lại 42 go out (ánh sáng, lửa, đèn): tắt 43 go up: lớn lên, trưởng thành = grow up, (giá cả): tăng lên 44 go down: (giá cả): giảm xuống 45 hold up = stop =delay: hoãn lại, ngừng 46 hurry up: làm gấp 47 keep on = continue: tiếp tục 48 keep up with: theo kịp, bắt kịp 49 lay down: đề 50 let down: khiến thất vọng 51 lie down: nằm nghỉ 52 jot down = make a quick note of something: ghi nhanh 53 look after: chăm sóc 54 look at: nhìn 55 look down on sb = coi thường 56 look up to sb = respect: kính trọng 57 look up: tìm, tra cứu (trong sách, từ điển) 58 look for: tìm kiếm 59 make out = understand: hiểu 60 make up = invent, put sth together: phát minh, trộn 61 pass away = die: chết 62 put on: mặc (quần áo), mang (giày), đội (mũ), mở (đèn) 63 put out = make st stop burning, produce: dập tắt, sản xuất 64 put off = postpone: hoãn lại 65 put up = build: xây dựng 66 result in = lead to = cause: gây 67 speak up: nói to, nói thẳng 68 set off = begin: khỏi hành 69 set up = establish: thành lập 70 set out/ set off: khởi hành 71 stand by: ủng hộ 72 stand for: viết tắt của… 73 take after = resemble: giống 74 take off: cởi (quần áo, giày, mũ); (máy bay) cất cánh 75 take over = take responsible for st /V-ing:đảm nhận trách nhiệm 76 take up = start doing: bắt đầu tham gia 77 try out: thử 78 try on: mặc thử (quần áo) 79 turn down: gạt bỏ, bác bỏ 80 turn off: khóa, tắt (đèn, máy móc, động …) 81 turn on: mở (đèn, máy móc, động …) 82 turn round: quay lại, thay đổi hướng 83 turn up: đến = arrive = appear (xuất hiện) 84 wait up (for): thức đợi 85 wash away: trôi đi, quét 86 wash up: rửa bát đĩa 87 watch out: đề phòng, ý 88 wipe out = remove, destroy completely: xóa bỏ, phá hủy * PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG What may happen if John will not arrive in time? A go along B count on C keep away D turn up Johnny sometimes visits his grandparents in the countryside A calls on B keeps off C takes in D goes up They decided to postpone their journey till the end of the month because of the epidemic A take up B turn round C put off D with The stranger came ……… me and asked, "Is there a post office near here?" A on to B away from C out of D up to Frankly speaking, your daughter does not take ………… you at all A after B along C up D over She is not really friendly She does not get on well her classmates A from B with C for D to I would be grateful if you kept the news ……… yourself Do not tell anyone about it A from B to C for D at I not use those things any more You can ………… them away A get B fall C throw D make They were late for work because their car ………… down A got B put C cut D broke 10 The authority ………… down that building to build a supermarket A knocked B came C went D fell 11 I didn't get to see the end of that movie on TV last night How did it ………… out? A go B make C bring D turn 12 I’m not surprised Margaret's ill With all the voluntary work she's _ , she’s really been doing too much A taken off B taken on C taken in D taken to 13 At present we are an anti-drug campaign A setting up for B carrying out C taking part D joining with 14 At the station, we often see the sigh “………… for pickpockets” A Watch on B Watch out C Watch up D Watch at 15 Let’s wait here for her; I’m sure she’ll ………………… A turn down B turn off C turn over D turn up 16 UNESCO………… United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization A stands for B brings about C takes after D gets across 17 Don't forget to …………… your gloves on It is cold outside A let B make C put D fix 18 The passengers had to wait because the plane……………off one hour late A took B turned C cut D made 19 Be careful! The tree is going to fall A Look out B Look up C Look on D Look after 20 The bomb exploded in the garage; fortunately no one hurt A put on B went off C got out D kept up 21 These shoes felt too tight, so I took……………and tried a larger size A away them B off them C them away D them off 22 My father still hasn’t really recovered from the death of my mother A went over B got over C took over D looked over 23 I can’t …………… walking Can we stop and have a short rest? A go on B get on C go up D get up 24 When you are finished using the computer, can you please ………… it off A take B turn C D go 25 When the alarm went off, everyone proceeded calmly to the emergency exits A fell B exploded C called D rang 26 Look out There is a rattlesnake under the picnic table! A Listen B Be careful C Go D Watch 27 Mrs Jones's husband passed away fast Friday We’re all shocked by the news A got married B divorced C died D were on business 28 If you want to be healthy you should ………… your bad habits in your lifestyles A give up B call off C break down D get over 29 Watch ………… ! a car is coming A out B up C away D off 30 Try to study harder to catch …………… your classmates A up B up with C out D with 31 Don’t be impatient! I ‘m sure he will turn …………on time A up B round C on D off 33 Go _ this book because it has the information you need A over B by C off D on 34 My husband spends far more time helping our three kids homework and studying for tests than I A on B to C with D in 35 My husband and I take turns cleaning the kitchen depending who gets home from work earlier A away / to B from / in C up / on D with / for 36 The efforts for the advancement of women have resulted several respectively achievement in women's life and work A at B with C for D in 37 The small white flowers are my favorite They give off a wonderful honey smell that scents the entire garden A release B stop C end D melt 38 I couldn't make out what he had talked about because I was not used to his accent A stand B understand C write D interrupt 39 I'm sorry I didn't mean to interrupt you Please, go on and finish what you were saying A talk B quit C continue D stop 40 The firefighters fought the blaze while the crowd was looking on it A blowing B watering C preventing D Watching 41 What does "www" for? Is it short for “world wide web?” A sit B stand C lie D point 42 If you not understand the word "superstitious," look it up in the dictionary A find its meaning B write it C draw it D note it 44 The firefighters fought the blaze while the crowd was looking on it A blowing B watering C preventing D watching 45 Not all women can two jobs well at the same time: rearing children and working at office A educating B taking care of C homemaking D giving a birth 46 The driver skidded and … a dog A ran B ran into C ran after D ran over 47 Aren’t you going to …the dress…before you buy it? A try/ X B try/ up C try/ on D try /in 48 I’m sorry, sir But you’ve already worn this dress That’s why we can’t…it… A take/ back B take /after C take/ in D take/ again 49 Are you telling the truth? Or are you ………… the story A making B making up C making for D doing 50 It took women a long time to struggle the right to vote A for B with C against D upon 51 Women are increasingly involved the public life A of B in C with D from 52 Although the team was both mentally and physically exhausted, they on walking A stopped B kept C took D put 53 If you don't pay your rent, your landlord is going to kick you out! A lend you some money B play football with you C give you a kick D force you to leave 54 Everything is _ you I cannot make _ my mind yet A out off / on B up to / up C away from / for D on for / off 55 There is no food left Someone must have eaten it _ A out B up C off D along 56 The explorers made a fire to _ off wild animals A get B keep C take D go 57 If something urgent has _ up, phone me immediately and I will help you A picked B come C kept D brought 58 The organization was established in 950 in the USA A come around B set up C made out D put on 59 Within their home country, National Red Cross and Red Crescent societies assume the duties and responsibilities of a national relief society A take on B get off C go about D put in 60 It took me a very long time to recover from the shock of her death A turn off B take on C get over D keep up with 61 He did not particularly want to play any competitive sport A use up B with C take up D go on 62 I am tired because I went to bed late last night A stayed up B kept off C put out D brought up 63 If I get this report finished I will knock _ early and go to the pub for some drink A up B over C on D off 64 Boy! _ away all your toys and go to bed right now A Come B Lie C Put D Sit 65 I have been trying to ring him up all day and I could not through A get B take C look D hang 66 The water supply of the building was off because the pipes burst A handed B held C cut D paid 67 Did your son pass the university entrance examination? A make up B get along C go up D get through 68 Frankly speaking, your daughter does not take _ you at all A after B along C up D over 69 I would be grateful if you kept the news _ yourself Do not tell anyone about it A from B to C for D at 70 My husband spends far more time helping our three kids _ homework and studying for tests than I A on B to C with D in 71 My husband and I take turns cleaning _ the kitchen depending who gets home from work earlier A away / to B from / in C up / on D with / for 72 The efforts for the advancement of women have resulted _ several respectively achievement in women's life and work A at B with C for D in 73 I couldn't make out what he had talked about because I was not used to his accent A stand B understand C write D interrupt 51 The firefighters fought the blaze while the crowd was looking on it A blowing B watering C preventing D watching 74 I cannot believe Peter and Mary up last week They have been married for almost fifteen years I hope they get back together A went B gave C looked D broke 75 It took us over twelve hours to hike over the mountain By the time we got back to our campsite, I was completely out A worn B went C put D knocked 76 The meeting didn’t …………… until late A end up B break up C come about D fall through 77 The hotel didn’t …………… my expectations A come up to B add up to C get up to D come down to 78 You should always have an alternative plan to …………… A bring about B ask after C feel up to D fall back on 79 When I took I got over the business, I got more than I …………… A ask after B bargained for C drew up D came in for 80 At first Tim insisted he was right, but then began to ………… A back down B follow up C drop off D break up ... Ngoại cụm động từ (Transitive phrasal verbs) Ngoại cụm động từ cụm động từ cần có tân ngữ theo sau E g We are looking for my key Remember to turn the lights off when going out 2.1 Ngoại cụm động từ. .. phrasal verbs) Là cụm động từ mà tân ngữ theo sau tách cụm từ thành phần E g You have to this paint job over You have to over this paint job Nhưng tân ngữ cụm động từ đại từ cụm động từ thường phải... out to rob some more banks 2.2 Ngoại cụm động từ tách (Separable phrasal verbs) Là cụm động từ có phần tiểu từ tách khỏi động từ gốc chứa nghĩa cụm động từ (verb-meaning) VERB call on call on