Báo cáo thực địa Ba Vì

Geology of the Ba Vi group and Kien An – Do Son – Hai Phong group A field trip report of K60 Geology student Members of group: Nguyễn Thanh Hằng Vũ Thị Thu Hà Phan Thị Thu Hường Nguyễn Thị Tú Chinh Contents ∗ A Introduction Objectives Natural Conditions of Ba Vi and Do Son B Geological formation Sedimentary formations 1.1 Clastic sedimentary rocks 1.2 Bio-chemical sedimentary rocks Magmatic formations 2.1 Extrusive rocks 2.2 Instrusive rocks C Geological Process Endogenous processes 1.1 Magmatic activities 1.2 Tectonic activities (tectonism) Exogenous processes D Geological Resources E Conclusions A Introduction Objectives * The fiel trip in Ba Vi and Do Son, Hai Phog city has lasted days from 25/07/2016 to 31/07/2016 With purpose of applying the knowledge that student has learned in the field With the guidance of Pr Ta Hoa Phuong and Dr Nguyen Van Huong , the field trip took place by a nice way * Main missions of the field trip: - to know how to note field book - know how to indentify, distinguish geological, formation and structural element in the field - to know how to define outcrop location and - to know how to use geological compass describe as outcrop Natural Conditions of Ba Vi and Do Son ∗ Ba Vì National Park (Vietnamese: Vườn quốc gia Ba Vì) is a national park located 48 km (30 mi) west of Hanoi, Vietnam The park is 7,377 (18,230 acres) in area, and is located in the Ba Vì mountain range The park has rich and diverse tropical and subtropical species of flora and fauna ∗ Ba Vì National Park is located in Ba Vì District of Hanoi and two districts of Hoà Bình Province, namely Lương Sơn and Kỳ Sơn The Park is situated on a mountain range running north-east and southwest with its peak at Vua Peak of 1,296 m and Tản Viên Peak of 1,226 m and Ngọc Hoa Peak of 1,120 m ∗ Kiến An is an urban district of Hải Phòng, the third largest city of Viet Nam Kiến An district is 29.6 km in area, and is located in Hải Phòng city (Figure 2) ∗ Hải Phòng is a coastal city located at the mouth of the Cấm River, in Vietnam's northeastern coastal area, 120 km east of Hanoi The Bính Bridge crosses the Cấm and connects the city with Thuỷ Nguyên District It has a total natural area of 152,318.49ha (2001) It borders Quảng Ninh Province to the north, Hải Dương Province to the west, Thái Bình Province to the south, and the Gulf of Tonkin to the east Bạch Long Vĩ island, Cát Bà Island and the Long Châu islands, located in the Gulf, are also administered as part of the city The city is located in a convenient position for transportation to domestic provinces, and international networks via road network, railway, sea routes, inland waterway and air B Geological formations ∗ Sedimentary formations 1.1 Clastic sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rocks are the product of 1) weathering of preexisting rocks, 2) transport of the weathering products, 3) deposition of the material, followed by 4) compaction, and 5) cementation of the sediment to form a rock 1.1.1 Do Son area Đồ Sơn group including the Vạn Cảnh (D1-2-D2e vc), Dưỡng Động and Vạn Hương (D2gv vh) a Van Canh Formation (D1-2-D2e vc) This formations found in Bà Đế temple, Xóm Chẽ area, Hòn Dấu resort At Bà Đế temple, Northeast pole of Đồ Sơn peninsula, Hải Phòng,students can see a cliff with 25m height and 50m long (from Bà Đế temple to 295 Hospital or healthcare facility) – Vạn Cảnh formation It also has expression of living organism A cliff at Ba De Temple about 20m height ∗ At Hòn Dấu resort, Hải Phòng, students also can see sandstone, siltstone, shale as same as Xóm Chẽ rocks (Terrigenous sediment) At first observation Hòn Dấu resort is an artificial expression about 100m height b Duong Dong Formation Not appear in the region c Van Huong Formation At Bà Đế temple, Northeast pole of Đồ Sơn peninsula, Hải Phòng far from 1.5 km is Vạn Hương formation ( go with sealine) Volcanic bomb 2.2 Instrusive rocks/Đá magma xâm nhập − Xom Quyt Observed dark ultramafic rocks containing fiber If it is light-coloured stones, many quartz If it is dark stone, little quartz Instrusive rocks in Xom Quyt C- GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES ∗ ∗ Exogenous geological processes a/ Weathering Weathering is one of the most common expression of exogenous geological process which contain three main types: chemical weathering, physical weathering and biological weathering ∗ In Ba Vi group, there is a expression of weathering process that show exogenous geological activity: ∗ ∗ + Weathering crust: A place from Đà river (observation place) to Development center of Ba Vi National Park From a huge and hard rock is wrapped by weather mud – clay layer, the rock is transformed to laterite (lower than chemical weathering and to mechanical weathering Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level ∗ In Kien An – Do Son, Hai Phong group, there are some expression of weathering processes that show exogenous geological activity: Karst is the common activity of chemical weathering That is the process limestone and marble is eroded by rain contain carbonic acid Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level ∗ There’s another type of weathering: oxidation For example: Pyrite in Minh Quang pyrite ore mine is weathered into iron oxide that is the factor changing the color of rock and soil here to red And the oxidation Fe of basalt rock at Ba Vi National Park Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level b/ The geological activity of the sea: There are geological activities occur due to the sea wave: transportation, abrasion, and deposition Like the stream, Wave with high energy brings materials dash coastal In there, abrasion process strongly happen, hence sea shore will be destroyed gradually, creat sea platform Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Sea platform at Ba De temple Beside, the rock layer leaning toward the sea tends to be less vulnerable to erosion than the layer leaning toward the shore because the cracks of rock layer not expose directly sea water cannot be trapped inside to destroy the rock Or else, the layer of rock will be eroded and collapsed, forming sea cliff Rock incline to ward the sea c/ Geological activities of organism: The organism did their job toward geological process, for example in Do Son, it can be observe that there’re a lot of oyster as well as crab parasite on the rock Wich result changing physic and chemical properties of rock Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Oyster parasite on the rock Endogenous geological process a/ Extrusive activity: Throughout the trip, a lot of evidence of vocano activities can be clearly seen, especially in Ba Vi (Vua and Tan Vien peak) Most of the layer in this area form from vocanic eruption and vocano bomb The vocano Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level material was blasted and blowed up by volcanic eruption, then be transported by the wind then fall down, If the ejected materials are compacted and cemented into the rock, it will be called "tuff" Sometime, volcanic bomb explode to strong enough to destroy the preexisting material on bedding rock and material from the vent as well, this mixture blowed up and fall down, solidated and formed “agglomerate”, which can be seen many in Khoang Xanh Volcanic Breccia in KhoangXanh area – Ba Vi district b/ Deformation: Rocks change their shape and volume when they are subjected to stress Stresses are caused by forces that are exerted on the edges or interior of a material A wide variety of physical processes exert stresses on rocks Temperature changes cause thermal expansion and contraction that can cause rocks to fracture Wetting and drying similarly can induce or enhance rock fractures On a large scale, horizontal plate movement exerts lateral (horizontal) and vertical stresses on rocks ∗ Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Joint at Do Son, about 30 cm long Rocks exhibit two principal responses to stresses that are exerted on them At high temperatures and pressures, many rocks flow in response to stress Alternatively, They may deform like a brittle material, meaning that they fracture and fault, or create joint Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level normal fault in Hau Dau resort Another sign of fault in Hon Che mountain c/Metamorphism: Metamorphism is a process of transforming a pre-existing rock into a new one by high temperature and pressure This phenomenom can be seen seaily at Hon Che mountain, in which limestone crystalline into marble GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES Building material They are limestone, pebble, gravel, sand and other material in brick + Limestone: Kiến An, Hải Phòng is place containing big reserves – a main material of cement for the building Black or grey limestone with hard texture is used for intercommunication buildings and irrigation system + Quartzitic: Good material for building which can find in Kiến An – Đồ Sơn, Hải Phòng + Other is rocks at Tổ Chẽ ( Vạn Cảnh and Vạn Hương formation Laterite for Buildings, statues There mainly in Binh Yen, Ba Vi Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Laterite [...]... Above the stone is located Siamese cross system Basalt little Pebble, boulder is primarily In the source, the flow of power, the size grows glicial boulder Basalt in Khoang Xanh 2.1.2 Ba Vi National Park − Doi Yen Ngua The stones were weathering -> red, lamination Claystone but harder beacause of the oxit Fe Greater than 1300m basalt floors Foliation of basalt slabs weak There are oriented parallel,... process which contain three main types: chemical weathering, physical weathering and biological weathering ∗ In Ba Vi group, there is a expression of weathering process that show exogenous geological activity: ∗ ∗ + Weathering crust: A place from Đà river (observation place) to Development center of Ba Vi National Park From a huge and hard rock is wrapped by weather mud – clay layer, the rock is transformed... of weathering: oxidation For example: Pyrite in Minh Quang pyrite ore mine is weathered into iron oxide that is the factor changing the color of rock and soil here to red And the oxidation Fe of basalt rock at Ba Vi National Park Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level b/ The geological activity of the sea: There are 3 geological activities occur due to the... color is gray, brown The arrangement has orientation cross Think in the past : formed in condition that water current flowed though The age of conglomerate is older than formation - Cliff near Da river bank : Neogene conglomerate: the size is small, wellsorted, the age of conglomerate is the same as formation - Gas sation in Thai Hoa commune: hard coal have been foliated with 6m height, black- shinny... there, abrasion process strongly happen, hence sea shore will be destroyed gradually, creat sea platform Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Sea platform at Ba De temple Beside, the rock layer leaning toward the sea tends to be less vulnerable to erosion than the layer leaning toward the shore because the cracks of rock layer do not expose directly sea water... Fourth level Fifth level Oyster parasite on the rock 2 Endogenous geological process a/ Extrusive activity: Throughout the trip, a lot of evidence of vocano activities can be clearly seen, especially in Ba Vi (Vua and Tan Vien peak) Most of the layer in this area form from vocanic eruption and vocano bomb The vocano Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level material... bedding rock and material from the vent as well, this mixture blowed up and fall down, con solidated and formed “agglomerate”, which can be seen many in Khoang Xanh Volcanic Breccia in KhoangXanh area – Ba Vi district b/ Deformation: Rocks change their shape and volume when they are subjected to stress Stresses are caused by forces that are exerted on the edges or interior of a material A wide variety