Sau hai mươi năm đổi mới và hội nhập, văn hoá Việt Nam đã có những biến đổi sâu sắc theo hướng nâng cao, trở nên phong phú hơn, cởi mở hơn. Đó là kết quả đường lối mở cửa của Đảng và Nhà nước. Điều này rất phù hợp với xu thế chung của thế giới ngày nay là giao lưu và hội nhập. Làm được như vậy trước hết là vì chúng ta đã đổi mới tư duy. Trong đời sống văn hoá, đổi mới tư duy được thể hiện trên tất cả các mặt. Ở đây tôi sẽ phân tích sự đổi mới trên một số mặt quan trọng như: đổi mới văn hoá về khía cạnh chính trị pháp lý; tiếp thu các giá trị văn hoá thế giới; đổi mới trong quan niệm sống và lối sống; phục hồi và phát huy các giá trị văn hoá truyền thống; đổi mới trong tự do sáng tác; và cuối cùng tôi sẽ bàn đến vấn đề nảy sinh trong đổi mới văn hoá.
VNH3.TB3.765 I SNG VN HO CA NGI VIT NAM SAU HAI MI NM I MI PGS.TS Nguyn Vn Dõn Vin Thụng tin KHXH, Vin KHXH Vit Nam Sau hai mi nm i mi v hi nhp, hoỏ Vit Nam ó cú nhng bin i sõu sc theo hng nõng cao, tr nờn phong phỳ hn, ci m hn ú l kt qu ng li m ca ca ng v Nh nc iu ny rt phự hp vi xu th chung ca th gii ngy l giao lu v hi nhp Lm c nh vy trc ht l vỡ chỳng ta ó i mi t Trong i sng hoỏ, i mi t c th hin trờn tt c cỏc mt õy tụi s phõn tớch s i mi trờn mt s mt quan trng nh: i mi hoỏ v khớa cnh chớnh tr - phỏp lý; tip thu cỏc giỏ tr hoỏ th gii; i mi quan nim sng v li sng; phc hi v phỏt huy cỏc giỏ tr hoỏ truyn thng; i mi t sỏng tỏc; v cui cựng tụi s bn n ny sinh i mi hoỏ i mi hoỏ v khớa cnh chớnh tr - phỏp lý Trong i sng hoỏ, i mi t c th hin quan trng nht l khớa cnh chớnh tr - phỏp lý Vỡ th, núi n i mi i sng hoỏ trc ht l núi ti i mi v ng li, ch trng, chớnh sỏch K t thi m ca, chỳng ta phi ghi nhn mt ct mc quan trng v mt i mi ng li hoỏ Vit Nam ú l vic Ban chp hnh Trung ng ng khoỏ VIII Ngh quyt Trung ng V xõy dng v phỏt trin nn hoỏ Vit Nam tiờn tin, m bn sc dõn tc, ban hnh 16 - - 1998 Trong Ngh quyt ny, ng ó ỏnh giỏ khỏch quan nhng thnh tu hoỏ, nghiờm khc kim im nhng mt yu kộm, thng thn ch nhng nguyờn nhõn ch yu v phng hng, nhim v c th phỏt trin hoỏ ng ó cú ch trng phỏt trin hoỏ rt ỳng theo quan im hi nhp quc t, xõy dng ngi v hoỏ Vit Nam mi quan h bin chng gia dõn tc vi quc t; coi hoỏ l nn tng tinh thn ca xó hi, va l mc tiờu va l ng lc thỳc y s phỏt trin kinh t - xó hi; nhn mnh nhim v u tiờn l phi xõy dng ngi Vit Nam va cú c tớnh yờu nc, va on kt vi nhõn dõn th gii; cao giỏ tr dõn ch v tụn trng t sỏng tỏc ca cỏc ngh s; m ca tip thu mi thnh tu hoỏ ca th gii; hon ton khụng nhc n quan im giỏo iu suy tụn phng phỏp hin thc XHCN, khng nh rng ng khuyn khớch tỡm tũi, th nghim mi phng phỏp, mi phong cỏch sỏng tỏc [1, tr 171] õy l mt iu rt mi, l c s phỏp lý ỳng n, m bo quyn t hoỏ cho ngi Vit Nam iu ny ang c th hin thnh hin thc sỏng tỏc phong phỳ v a dng hc - ngh thut ng i n i hi IX (2001), tip ni tinh thn Ngh quyt Trung ng khoỏ VIII, ng ó nh hng phỏt trin hoỏ l y mnh cuc ng Ton dõn on kt xõy dng i sng hoỏ; Xõy dng np sng minh v gia ỡnh hoỏ; Phỏt huy bn sc hoỏ dõn tc; bo tn v tụn to cỏc di sn hoỏ vt th v phi vt th lm nn tng cho s giao lu hoỏ gia cỏc cng ng, gia cỏc vựng c nc v giao lu hoỏ vi bờn ngoi [2, tr 222] i hi ny, phỏt trin hoỏ c nhn mnh vo vic xõy dng i sng hoỏ, np sng minh, y mnh giao lu hoỏ biờn gii v liờn biờn gii Cú th thy rừ, ng li phỏt trin hoỏ theo tinh thn hi nhp ó c ng kiờn trỡ quỏn trit i hi X (2006) ca ng ó khng nh li phng hng coi phỏt trin hoỏ l nn tng tinh thn ca xó hi C th l phi lm cho hoỏ thm sõu vo tng khu dõn c, tng gia ỡnh, tng ngi, hon thin h giỏ tr mi ca ngi Vit Nam, k tha cỏc giỏ tr truyn thng ca dõn tc v tip thu tinh hoa hoỏ ca loi ngi, tng sc khỏng chng hoỏ i tru c hi Nõng cao tớnh hoỏ mi hot ng kinh t, chớnh tr, xó hi v sinh hot ca nhõn dõn [3, tr 213] Gn õy nht, ngy 16 - - 2008, ng ó ban hnh Ngh quyt 23 - NQ/TW ca B Chớnh tr v tip tc xõy dng v phỏt trin hc, ngh thut thi k mi õy l ngh quyt u tiờn ca ng dnh riờng cho hc ngh thut, mt lnh vc c th ca hoỏ, nh l s c th hoỏ Ngh quyt Trung ng khoỏ VIII v xõy dng nn hoỏ Vit Nam Trong Ngh quyt ln ny, ng cng khng nh quyn t sỏng tỏc núi n thnh tu ca hc ngh thut thi gian qua: T sỏng to ngh thut v s a dng v ni dung, phong cỏch sỏng tỏc, phng thc biu hin c tụn trng; du n cỏ nhõn, cỏ tớnh sỏng to c khng nh [4, tr - 6] V phn Mc tiờu, quan im ch o , ng ch trng: Tip tc i mi, to iu kin thut li cho s phỏt trin mnh m, a dng ca hc, ngh thut v ti, ni dung, loi hỡnh, phng phỏp sỏng tỏc, s tỡm tũi, th nghim, nõng cao cht lng ton din nn hc, ngh thut nc nh. õy l s quan tõm sỏt ca ng i vi vic xõy dng v phỏt trin hoỏ v i sng hoỏ ca ngi Vit Nam, l s quyt tõm ca ng i vi s nghip i mi hoỏ Vỡ th, t ngy i mi n nay, i sng hoỏ ca ngi dõn Vit Nam ó c nõng lờn mt tm cao mi, tr nờn a dng v phong phỳ hn rt nhiu Cỏc loi hỡnh hoỏ - ngh thut c c phỏt huy ng thi, cỏc loi hỡnh hoỏ - ngh thut mi ca th gii cng c tip thu rng rói õy cng l kt qu ca vic ng cụng nhn v m rng quyn t hoỏ, theo ỳng vi xu hng chung v m rng quyn ngi ca th gii Mt iu i mi quan trng t l ng ó cụng nhn khớa cnh quyn li cỏ nhõn quyn t hoỏ Trong cỏc c tớnh ca ngi Vit Nam, ng ch trng xõy dng ngi cú c tớnh lao ng chm ch vỡ li ớch ca bn thõn, gia ỡnh, th v xó hi (Ngh quyt Trung ng khoỏ VIII) ú l mt iu rt mi, bi l trc õy chỳng ta hụ ho hy sinh quyn li cỏ nhõn vỡ li ớch th iu ny ngy cng cú ngha l sỏng to hoỏ khụng ch vỡ li ớch tinh thn, m nú cũn cú th em li li ớch vt cht - kinh t Vi t cỏch l nn tng ca i sng tinh thn, hoỏ khụng th khụng mang giỏ tr vt cht - kinh t, nht l nú c a vo i sng, tr thnh i sng hoỏ ca ngi dõn Vỡ th chỳng ta khụng cú quyn xem nh giỏ tr vt cht - kinh t ca hoỏ V iu ny, Ngh quyt Trung ng khoỏ VIII ca ng cng núi rt rừ: Phi xõy dng Chớnh sỏch kinh t hoỏ nhm gn hoỏ vi cỏc hot ng kinh t Cú th núi, i mi v khớa cnh chớnh tr - phỏp lý ó lm thnh c s quan trng cho i mi hoỏ nc ta thi k hi nhp quc t Nú chớnh l ũn by chỳng ta xõy dng v phỏt trin ngi v nn hoỏ mi va mang tớnh tiờn tin ca thi i, va phỏt huy cỏc giỏ tr bn sc dõn tc ca hoỏ truyn thng Tip thu cỏc giỏ tr hoỏ ca th gii lm giu cho hoỏ Vit Nam Nh chớnh sỏch m ca, ngy ngi dõn Vit Nam ó c tip xỳc vi nhiu loi hỡnh ngh thut mi Ngh quyt Trung ng khoỏ VIII ó vch rừ: Bo v bn sc dõn tc khụng cú ngha l úng ca khộp kớn, tỏch bit vi bờn ngoi M Bo v bn sc dõn tc phi gn kt vi m rng giao lu quc t, tip thu cú chn lc nhng cỏi hay, cỏi tin b hoỏ cỏc dõn tc khỏc [1, tr 168] i hi X ca ng cng ch rừ: phi k tha cỏc giỏ tr truyn thng ca dõn tc v tip thu tinh hoa hoỏ ca loi ngi, tng sc khỏng chng hoỏ i tru c hi. T ú, mi loi hỡnh hoỏ ca cỏc dõn tc u c chỳng ta m ca ún nhn Trc ht núi v lnh vc in nh Phim nh nc ngoi, c bit l phim phng Tõy, bt u c gii thiu rng rói nc ta, k c phim cú giỏ tr ngh thut c thự ln phim gii trớ cú giỏ tr thng mi õy l mt nhng lnh vc th hin rừ nht s bin i i sng hoỏ ca ngi dõn Vit Nam thi k i mi v hi nhp Hin ti ngi dõn khụng cũn ch c thng thc cỏc b phim ca cỏc nc XHCN nh trc õy Trc thi k i mi, hon cnh lch s ca hai cuc chin tranh gii phúng õn tc quy nh, chỳng ta ó khụng cú trao i v hoỏ, hoc trao i rt hn ch, vi cỏc nc phng Tõy Cho nờn phim nh cỏc nc phng Tõy vng búng hon ton i sng hoỏ Vit Nam õy l th hin mt quan im giỏo iu qun lý hoỏ Nhng tt nhiờn iu ny cú lý lch s chớnh ỏng ca nú Ngy nay, vi s h tr ca cụng ngh truyn thụng hin i, phim nh nc ngoi ang trn ngp i sng hoỏ ca ngi dõn Vit Nam Truyn hỡnh v mng internet l nhng cụng c c lc ph bin phim nc ngoi, c bit l phim phng Tõy Ngnh in nh Vit Nam c thnh lp ngy 15 - - 1953, theo sc lnh ch tch H Chớ Minh ký quyt nh thnh lp Doanh nghip Quc gia Chiu búng v Chp nh Vit Nam Hn 55 nm qua, t mt doanh nghip, ngnh in nh nc ta ó cú mt quỏ trỡnh phỏt trin quan trng Nhng, vi tim nng kinh t yu kộm, v vi nhim v c giao cho in nh l ch yu phc v chớnh tr ch khụng phi nhm thu li kinh t, chỳng ta cha cú c mt ngnh cụng nghip in nh thc th Khớa cnh hoỏ ngh thut ca loi hỡnh hoỏ ny cng khụng phỏt huy c kh nng ca mỡnh Ngoi ra, vi i ng din viờn, o din thiu kinh nghim v tay ngh, cng vi tỡnh trng thiu kch bn hay, ngnh in nh Vit Nam ó khụng cú kh nng ỏp ng nhu cu hoỏ ca ngi dõn v khụng th cnh tranh c vi in nh nc ngoi Hin ti cỏc nh hot ng ngnh in nh ang kờu gi phi chuyờn nghip hoỏ ngnh in nh Vit Nam, tc l phi bin nú thnh mt ngnh cụng nghip thc s: ngnh cụng nghip in nh Chỳng ta ang xoỏ b ch bao cp mi lnh vc ca i sng xó hi, ú cú in nh Nhng c ch th trng in nh li cha thc s c hỡnh thnh T ú dn n tỡnh trng sa sỳt ca in nh Vit Nam v hin tỡnh hỡnh ny ó n mc bỏo ng: T 300 rp chiu búng xung cũn di 100; t mc sn sut 20 phim truyn nha hng nm xung cũn dm by phim i ng lm phim, t biờn kch n o din, din viờn, quay phim, u cha cú tớnh chuyờn nghip thc s c bit l chỳng ta cha cú trng quay, mt iu kin ct lừi ca cụng cuc chuyờn nghip hoỏ in nh v ca ngnh cụng nghip in nh [xem v 6] Cú th núi, s bin i i sng in nh Vit Nam hin mi ch din ch yu trờn lnh vc th trng Cú th ó cú nhng i mi quan nim v nhn thc v ngnh cụng nghip in nh, nhng t quan nim n thc hnh cũn mt khong cỏch khỏ xa, m gia hai cc ú l mt lot cỏc iu kin vt cht k thut v ngun nhõn lc m chỳng ta cha ỏp ng c Trờn th trng in nh, s bin i rừ rt nht l chỳng ta chp nhn hi nhp quc t, cho phộp phim ngoi thõm nhp vo th trng in nh nc iu ny cú th cú c nh hng tiờu cc ln tớch cc Vic in nh nc ngoi thõm nhp vo Vit Nam ó lm cho th phn phim Vit Nam nc b thu hp n mc ti thiu Cú l in nh l lnh vc m ú khỏi nim hng ni ó b mt i ý ngha nhiu nht Khỏn gi, dự cú lũng yờu nc n õu thỡ xem phim Vit cng khụng ngm ngựi cho trỡnh k thut v thm m ca b phim Nhng, s thõm nhp ca in nh nc ngoi cng cú tỏc ng i mi n t lm phim ca Vit Nam v kớch thớch ngnh in nh Vit Nam phỏt trin Dt khoỏt, nu mun tn ti, ngnh in nh nc nh s phi i mi cn bn tt c cỏc khõu, tin ti tr thnh mt nhng ngnh cụng nghip hoỏ cú kh nng sinh li cao, phc v cho cụng cuc phỏt trin Theo tinh thn ú, mc dự ch trng m ca tip nhn in nh nc ngoi, nhng ng v Nh nc kiờn quyt phỏt trin ngnh cụng nghip hoỏ cú kh nng sinh li quan trng ny Theo quy hoch phỏt trin ngnh in nh ca B Vn hoỏ - Thụng tin t nm 2001, l B Vn hoỏ, Th thao v Du lch, thỡ n nm 2010, s phim truyn nha chiu ngoi rp, s phi cú ớt nht 1/3 l phim Vit Nam [xem 7] õy l mt n lc ỏng khuyn khớch Tuy nhiờn, cú c nhng b phim cú cht lng ngh thut cao, chỳng ta s cũn phi lm rt nhiu vic V vic hi nhp hoỏ s l mt nhng ũn by ngnh in nh Vit Nam phỏt trin Trong lnh vc nhip nh cng cú s i mi ỏng k Trong sut thi gian din hai cuc chin tranh gii phúng dõn tc, ngnh nhip nh Vit Nam ó hon ton dnh s nghip phc v cho cỏc nhim v chin lc ca t nc Mi quan nim v chc nng ngh thut ca nhip nh u c dựng phc v nhim v chớnh tr Cho n thi k i mi, nhip nh mi bt u c th hin y cỏc chc nng ca nú Chc nng thm m v gii trớ c quan tõm õy na, t hoỏ c th hin rừ rng Ln u tiờn lch s nhip nh Vit Nam, nh kho thõn c xut bn thnh sỏch: Tp sỏch nh kho thõn Xuõn thỡ ca Thỏi Phiờn ó c xut bn nm 2007 ti Nxb Vn ngh Thnh ph H Chớ Minh Qu thc, õy l mt nhng i mi gõy n tng nht hoỏ Vit Nam hin i m nhc hin i th gii cng thõm nhp vo Vit Nam mt cỏch t chng kộm gỡ phim nh Bt u t cui th k XX, nhc rock, pop, hip - hop (trong nhc hip - hop thỡ thnh hnh nht l nhc rap) ca nc ngoi c gii tr t tip nhn, c gii thiu hng ngy trờn súng phỏt v truyn hỡnh, c biu din ti cỏc k liờn hoan õm nhc, cỏc cuc thi, cỏc sn din, phũng tr Nhc rock thõm nhp vo Vit Nam vi s n o nỏo nhit vo u nhng nm 1990, vi hai trung tõm ln l Thnh ph H Chớ Minh v H Ni Cuc thi nhc rock 2008 ti Thnh ph HCM ó thu hỳt 30.000 ngi hõm m Hin ti, c hai nm mt ln, Vit Nam li t chc cuc thi Sao Mai im hn chn cỏc ngụi nhc rock ca Vit Nam Cỏc hot ng th thao cng nhanh chúng hi nhp vi th gii Chỳng ta bt u tham gia cỏc k i hi th thao khu vc v th gii Cỏc cỳp quc t búng ỏ, búng chuyn, taykwondo, v.v liờn tc c t chc ti Vit Nam c bit l chỳng ta ó t chc thnh cụng rc r mt k Th thao ụng Nam : Sea Games 22 nm 2003, vi vic ln u tiờn Vit Nam ng th nht ton on õy l nhng thnh tu rt mi m ch cú i mi v hi nhp mi to c Tuy nhiờn cỏi mi th thao khụng ch dng li nhng s thnh tớch, m quan trng l chỳng ta ó cú nhng i mi t quan nim v th thao: T vic ch coi trng th thao phong tro sang vic quan tõm n th thao chuyờn nghip Vo nhng ngy cui cựng ca thiờn niờn k th 2, 30 - 11 - 2000, Vit Nam ó chớnh thc thnh lp búng ỏ chuyờn nghip, cho phộp cỏc i búng c ký kt hp ng kinh t vi cỏc doanh nghip, c phộp thuờ cu th v hun luờn viờn nc ngoi Cú th núi, õy l nhng vớ d sinh ng cho thy Vit Nam ang hi nhp thc s vi th gii Cỏc mụn th thao trc õy c coi l xa x thỡ cng c du nhp v ang dn tr thnh mt b phn ca th thao Vit Nam, nh tenis, golf Sõn golf thi mc lờn bờn cnh nhng khu ngh dng kốm theo du lch sinh thỏi Tuy nhiờn, hin tng ny cng ang lm ny sinh nhng v hoỏ mụi trng, v chin lc an ninh lng thc v an sinh xó hi m tụi s bn n phn sau c bit l hỡnh thc thi hoa hu, mt hỡnh thc trc õy b coi l xa l v thm cm k, ó c cụng khai tha nhn v c t chc liờn tc rt nhiu cp : Hoa hu Vit Nam, Hoa hu min, Hoa hu ca cỏc tnh - thnh, Hoa hu cỏc dõn tc Vit Nam, Hoa Hu bin, Hao hu ỏo di Vit Nam, Hoa hu tui hc trũ, Hoa hu nh, Hoa hu th thao, Hoa hu bỏo Tin Phong, v.v Riờng cuc thi Hoa hu Vit Nam ó c t chc ln u tiờn t nm 1988, sau thi im bt u i mi c hai nm, v t ú nú c t chc hai nm mt ln Cũn nu k c cỏc cuc thi hoa hu khỏc thỡ gn nh hng nm u cú cỏc cuc thi Gn õy, Vit Nam ó to c uy tớn cho vic t chc cỏc cuc thi hoa hu th gii C th l nm 2008, ln u tiờn Vit Nam ng cai t chc thi Hoa hu Hon v Vit Nam cng ó ginh quyn ng cai t chc thi Hoa hu Quý b Th gii 2009 ti B Ra - Vng Tu; v quan trng l Vit Nam ó ginh quyn t chc thi Hoa hu Th gii ln 60 vo nm 2010 ti thnh ph Nha Trang õy l mt nhng vớ d sinh ng nht ca chớnh sỏch m ca v hi nhp hoỏ ca Vit Nam Cựng vi loi hỡnh hoỏ thi hoa hu l loi hỡnh biu din ngi mu thi trang õy cng l mt loi hỡnh hoỏ hon ton mi, ch cú c t ngy Vit Nam i mi v hi nhp vi th gii Khỏc vi loi hỡnh thi hoa hu, biu din ngi mu ang cú xu hng phỏt trin t mt loi hỡnh hot ng hoỏ thnh mt ngh hoỏ cú thu nhp kinh t tin ti iu ú, ngy 27 - 10 - 2006, B Vn hoỏ - Thụng tin ó quyt nh thnh lp Hi Ngi mu Vit Nam, Hi s hot ng nh mt hi ngh nghip Nh vy, sau ỳng 20 nm i mi, cỏc loi hỡnh hoỏ mang tớnh i chỳng nht ca phng Tõy ó hon ton thõm nhp vo Vit Nam Cỏc hin tng khỏc ca hoỏ nc ngoi cng rt d dng c Vit Nam ún nhn thi k m ca ny, vớ d nhng l hi nc ngoi nh l Valentin, l Noel, l Phc sinh, õy l nhng l hi ang c cụng chỳng hõn hoan tip nhn õy cú vai trũ ca quỏ trỡnh ton cu hoỏ kinh t nh l vt truyn dn ph bin nhng hin tng hoỏ phng Tõy Vỡ th chỳng ta hiu ti thi i hi nhp ny, nhng hin tng hoỏ phng Tõy li cú sc lan to mnh hn so vi cỏc hin tng hoỏ phng ụng Hai lnh vc quan trng ca i sng hoỏ l hc - ngh thut v ngụn ng cng th hin s giao lu v tip nhn cỏc giỏ tr bờn ngoi rt sụi ng Tuy nhiờn, tớnh cht c thự ca hai lnh vc ny, tụi s bn sõu n chỳng nhng dp khỏc õy tụi ch núi tt rng hai lnh vc ny ó chu nhng nh hng rt sõu sc ca giao lu hoỏ Vn hc - ngh thut Vit Nam, c sỏng tỏc ln lý lun - phờ bỡnh, ó thoỏt nhng quy nh giỏo iu hi nhp vi th gii Cỏc phng phỏp sỏng tỏc v phng phỏp nghiờn cu mi ó c tip thu B mt hc - ngh thut Vit Nam tr nờn phong phỳ hn, a dng hn Tuy nhiờn, bi cnh hi nhp, chỳng ta cha chun b c y c s thc tin v lý lun tip thu cỏi mi, cho nờn s tip thu t cú phn xụ b, cha cú h thng, ụi phm phi cn bnh rp khuụn, bt chc, thiu chn lc, thiu sỏng to, khụng xem xột y n tớnh kh dng v tớnh tng thớch ca cỏc phng phỏp mi mụi trng hoỏ Vit Nam Trong ngụn ng cng vy, bờn cnh nhng nh hng tớch cc gúp phn lm giu cho ting Vit, thỡ s tip thu ting nc ngoi theo kiu bt chc mt cỏch mỏy múc, khụng tớnh n quy tc lụgic v c s hoỏ - ngụn ng c thự ca ngi Vit Nam, cng nh khụng cú cỏc chun ngụn ng tuõn theo, ó lm cho ting Vit tr nờn hn lon hn bao gi ht trờn tt c cỏc lnh vc nh t vng, ng õm, chớnh t v cỳ phỏp V tt c nhng hin tng trao i hoỏ núi trờn l biu hin sinh ng nht ca s bin i i sng hoỏ theo hng tip thu cỏc giỏ tr hoỏ th gii Chỳng cng l nhng hin tng ang lm thay i cn bn b mt ca i sng hoỏ Vit Nam Cú th núi, cỏc loi hỡnh hoỏ - ngh thut mi ca phng Tõy ó c tip thu rng rói lm thnh mt b phn quan trng ca hoỏ Vit Nam Song, i sng hoỏ khụng ch cú nhng hin tng trao i hoỏ, m nú cũn bao gm c nhng hin tng th hin quan nim sng v li sng ca ngi Chỳng ta hóy xem quan nim sng v li sng ca ngi Vit Nam ó cú nhng bin i nh th no Bin i quan nim sng v li sng ca ngi Vit Nam S bin i quan nim sng ca ngi Vit Nam ngy c th hin trc ht s bin i mc ớch sng Trc õy ngi dõn nc ta c khuyờn l phi sng vỡ cng ng, sng cho cỏi ta Khi cn thit phi bit hy sinh cỏi tụi cho cỏi th Nhng ngy ngi ta bt u c sng cho cỏi tụi, thm mt s trng hp ngi ta cũn sng cho cỏi tụi nhiu hn l cho cỏi ta T ú bt u xut hin mt t tng cho rng sng l hng th Tt nhiờn õy ch l mt nhiu mc ớch sng ca ngi dõn V mi tng lp thỡ cỏi t tng ny c th hin mc khỏc ta, hin ti cũn cú s cỏch bit gia cỏc tng lp xó hi, cho nờn t tng sng hng th thc s ch xut hin t tng lp trung lu tr lờn Cũn nhng tng lp dõn nghốo mi ch dỏm ngh n mc ớch sng tn ti Nhng cú th núi, t tng sng hng th ang tr thnh mt mc tiờu phn u ca mi tng lp xó hi V nú c th hin thnh nhiu c im khỏc ca li sng hin i Li sng hin i ú cú nhng c im nh sau: + Li sng nhanh hu cụng nghip Ngi ta cho rng li sng nhanh hu cụng nghip l n nhanh, i nhanh, hnh ng nhanh, phự hp vi tc ca cụng ngh cao ca thi siờu hin i Cú th núi ú l s thay i v tc sng Ta cú th thy tc sng nhanh c th hin hng ngy qua cỏch n, cỏch mc Mt thi trang c cp nht hng ngy Cỏc quỏn n nhanh xut hin ngy cng nhiu Tc ca cuc sng cú chiu hng tng lờn nhanh hn so vi trc õy Tuy nhiờn vic tip thu li sng nhanh ca phng Tõy, nhiu chỳng ta mi ch tip thu cỏi b mt hoỏ m cha tip thu c cỏi chiu sõu kinh t - xó hi ca li sng ú Chớnh vỡ vy m li sng nhanh Vit Nam mi ch th hin b ni ch cha cú c s bn vng chiu sõu Cỏc quỏn n nhanh nhiu thc cht ch l quỏn ca thc n c lm nhanh (ỳng vi ngha ca t ting Anh fast foods) ch khụng phi l quỏn n nhanh Bi l ngi ta vo quỏn n nhanh nhng li ngi lai rai hng my ting ng h Cỏc ụi nam n nhiu chn quỏn n nhanh ngi tõm s c bui Mt khỏc, tỏc phong n nhanh v sng nhanh cha thc s lm thay i c li sng ca ngi nụng nghip Vit Nam: thỳ ham mun liờn hoan n nhu thnh hnh nhiu tng lp dõn c + Li sng gia ỡnh ớt Vi mc ớch sng cho cỏi tụi cỏ nhõn, gia ỡnh ngy cng bt u cú xu hng i theo mụ hỡnh gia ỡnh n th h v hai th h Con cỏi cú xu hng thớch sng c lp, mun xõy dng cuc sng riờng sau lp gia ỡnh Trờn th gii, cỏc quc gia tr nờn cú hc hn, ụ th hoỏ nhiu hn v c thit ch hoỏ hn, hay núi mt cỏch khỏi quỏt l cỏc quc gia n gn vi trỡnh ca mt xó hi tri thc, thỡ t l sinh s nhanh chúng gim xung Hin ti nc ta cng ang i theo xu hng ny T tng trng nam khinh n vic sinh ó cú s thay i ỏng k theo hng tớch cc Tuy nhiờn, iu ny cha c thc hin ng u mi tng lp v mi khu vc dõn c: khu vc nụng thụn cú tỡnh trng nhiu cú trai + Li sng hin i cũn l li sng theo kiu ch ngha tiờu th Ngy nay, s tiờu th khụng phi ch l ỏp ng cỏc nhu cu sinh hot cn thit ca ngi M nhiu ngi ta tiờu th ch tho mt thỳ vui, thm chớnh bn thõn vic mua sm c coi l mt thỳ vui ln nht ca ngi hin i; hoc ngi ta tiờu th ch theo kp vi bc tin ca nhp sng hin i Tõm lý ny xut hin khp ni trờn th gii, k c gii tr v tng lp trung lu mi Vit Nam Trong cỏc cuc phng nhng ngi tham gia trũ chi truyn hỡnh, rt nhiu ch em ph n ó by t s thớch ca mỡnh l i mua sm siờu th Trong thi i ca ton cu hoỏ kinh t v ng t gúc kinh t, tiờu th c coi l mt ng lc ca sn xut Tiờu th ng ngha vi s m bo vic lm cho cụng nhõn Thm nhng lỳc kinh t khú khn nh nm 2008, ngi ta ó núi n kh nng cu giỳp cỏc doanh nghip ca quyn lc mm ca ngi tiờu dựng [xem 8] Tuy nhiờn, tiờu th thỏi quỏ cng cú mt trỏi ca nú l s lóng phớ Vớ d, mt cuc iu tra nm 1996, 82% ngi M c hi ó ng tỡnh vi li xỏc nhn rng: a s chỳng ta mua sm v s dng nhiu hn mc chỳng ta cn, ú l s lóng phớ (quan im ca H Henderson, 1996) [trớch theo 9] Cú th núi, li sng hin i l mt nhng quan trng ca i sng hoỏ Xõy dng mt li sng cụng dõn lnh mnh, cú trỏch nhim vi xó hi, vỡ li ớch bn thõn, nhng cng phi vỡ li ớch ca c gia ỡnh, th v xó hi nh ng ch trng, s l mt nhim v quan trng ca nn hoỏ tin tin ca chỳng ta Phc hi v phỏt huy cỏc giỏ tr hoỏ truyn thng Núi n i mi, ngi ta thng thy nú th hin rừ nht khớa cnh tip thu cỏi mi bờn ngoi Nhng trờn thc t, i mi vic k tha cỏc giỏ tr truyn thng luụn cú mt ý ngha quan trng cho vic xõy dng mt nn hoỏ mi Bi l, xõy dng mt cụng trỡnh mi s ớt tn kộm hn nhiu nu nú c da trờn nhng c s cú sn ng ó khng nh: Di sn hoỏ l ti sn vụ giỏ, gn kt cng ng dõn tc, l ct lừi ca bn sc dõn tc, c s sỏng to nhng giỏ tr mi v giao lu hoỏ [1, tr 173] Vỡ th, phỏt huy cỏc giỏ tr hoỏ truyn thng luụn l nhim v hng u ca ton xó hi nc ta, thi k trc i mi, tip thu di sn hoỏ truyn thng cng ó gp phi cn bnh giỏo iu, u tr Mc dự nc ta khụng cú nhng hin tng hu hoi hoỏ nghiờm trng, nhng cú mt thi chỳng ta ch tip thu nhng giỏ tr hoỏ phự hp vi h t tng ca chỳng ta Nhng giỏ tr trỏi ngc vi ch ngha vụ thn u b hn ch Ngy nay, vi ng li t hoỏ c c th hoỏ thnh t tớn ngng, chỳng ta ó phc hi v tip thu cỏc giỏ tr hoỏ tớn ngng phong phỳ ca dõn tc ỡnh chựa, nh th c phc hi Cỏc hc vin thn hc nh thin vin, chng vin, c xõy dng khp ni Mi ngi dõn u c quyn t la chn nhng giỏ tr hoỏ no phự hp vi nim tin ca mỡnh Trong tinh thn ú, l hi truyn thng cng c phc hi trờn khp nc Cú th núi, t ngy i mi, mt mụi trng hoỏ mi ang c hỡnh thnh trờn t nc ta theo tinh thn ca quyn t hoỏ Th nhng, quyn t hoỏ vt ngoi cỏc nguyờn tc o c - lut phỏp s cú nguy c gõy tỏc hi n h giỏ tr hoỏ ca dõn tc ng ó ch trng rt ỳng v phỏt huy di sn hoỏ Ngh quyt Trung ng khoỏ VIII: Gi gỡn bn sc dõn tc phi i lin vi chng lc hu, li thi phong tc, quỏn, l thúi c [1, tr 167] Vy m nc ta, tip thu di sn hoỏ truyn thng, thi gian u ca thi i mi, ngi ta ó nhõn danh vic bo v bn sc dõn tc phỏt ng nhng chin dch phc hi trn lan mi hin tng hoỏ ca quỏ kh L hi c t chc trin miờn khp cỏc a phng i kốm vi nú l nhng h tc lc hu nh lờn ng, búi toỏn, t vng mó xa x Cú mt thi chỳng ta cú cm giỏc nh ngi dõn Vit Nam ang phỏt ng mt cuc tng hnh hng tr v quỏ kh, vi quan im phin din cho rng ch cú truyn thng hoỏ mi cho chỳng ta cú c tớnh dõn tc Xu hng phc hi n chựa, l hi, ó c phỏt ng thc hin mc ớch ny Tt nhiờn phc hi c khụng cú gỡ l sai, nhng phc hi khụng phi l phc hi, m phi l phc v thit thc cho cụng cuc hin i hoỏ Xu hng phc hi núi trờn chớnh l mt xu hng hoi c, th cu, mt biu hin ca ch ngha dõn tc hp hũi, ca mc cm t ti m nhiu nh khoa hc trờn th gii ó phờ phỏn V iu ny, chớnh UNDP cng ó cho rng: Vic bo v truyn thng mt cỏch cc oan v bng mi giỏ cú th kộo lựi s phỏt trin ngi [10, tr 89] Rừ rng, nhng hin tng tiờu cc vic k tha, tip thu di sn hoỏ truyn thng ang lm cho mụi trng hoỏ i mi ca nc ta cú phn no b ụ nhim, v vỡ th chỳng cn phi c loi b Trong tinh thn ú, tụi thy gn õy nc ta ang xut hin mt hin tng i mi ỏng ghi nhn vic phỏt huy loi hỡnh l hi Cỏc l hi truyn thng mang tớnh tớn ngng cú v nh ó tr nờn bóo ho v ang nhng ch phn no cho loi hỡnh l hi th tc mang tớnh cht phỏt huy cỏc giỏ tr hoỏ hin i Loi l hi ny hng ti mc tiờu phỏt huy giỏ tr vt cht - kinh t ca hoỏ phc v cụng cuc phỏt trin iu ny rt phự hp vi xu hng thc dng hoỏ tiờu dựng ca th gii hin i thi k ton cu hoỏ õy cú s giao lu gia cỏc giỏ tr truyn thng vi hin i Ngi Vit Nam ó nhanh nhy tip thu xu hng thc dng hin i ca l hi trờn th gii, bin l hi thnh mt cụng c hoỏ phc v s nghip phỏt trin V th l my nm gn õy, chỳng ta 11 12 Nguyn Thuý, Mỳa sexy ỏm tang!, Vietnamnet, ngy 22 - - 2008 Bựi Dng, Sau bựng n hoa hu l gỡ ? (cựng nhng li bỡnh lun xung quanh bi vit ny), Tuanvietnam.net, 25 - - 2008 13 Bi hi vic giỏm nh th phm hip dõm tr em, Vnexpress.net, ngy 26 - - 2008 14 15 K Nhõn, Ngc Lan, Sõn golf xung rung, nụng dõn mang ỏn nghốo!, Vietnamnet, 28 - - 2008 Hong Quc Hi, Sõn golf, ni trn tr ca mt nh vn, Vn ngh, s 32 - 2008 16 Tng Bớ th yờu cu khụng a sõn golf xung ng lỳa, Vietnamnet, 25 - - 2008 17 Hi Ninh, Tng thng Hn Quc khuyờn b chi golf, Vnexpress.net, 22 - - 2008 18 Suliman Al - Hawamdeh v Thomas L Hart, Information and Knowledge Society, McGraw - Hill Education, Singapore, 2002, 235 pages 19 Guide for Human Rights in the Information Society, http://rights.jinbo.net (Copylefted by Korean Progressive Network 'Jinbonet' 2003.) 20 UNESCO, Towards Knowledge Societies, (UNESCO World Report 2005, UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 2005, 227 pages ng trờn: www.unesco.org/publications CULTURAL LIFE OF VIETNAMESES AFTER TWENTY YEARS OF RENEWAL Associate Prof and Dr., Nguyen Van Dan Deputy Director of Institute of Social Sciences Information, VASS After twenty years of renewal and international integration, Vietnamese culture has undergone substantial changes to become more advanced, enriched and open These changes have been brought about by the open - door policy of the Party and the State They reflect our countrys compliance with the worlds common trend of international exchange and integration They are also results of the renewal in our thinking In cultural life, renewal of thinking is manifested in all respects Here I will analyze the renewal in some important aspects such as: culture renewal im terms of political - legal aspect; absorbing world cultural values; changes in conception of life and in lifestyle; restoring and bringing into play traditional cultural values; renewal in freedom of creation; and in the end I will discuss the issue arising from culture renewal Culture renewal in terms of political - legal aspect In cultural life, the most important renewal of thinking is manifested in terms of political and legal aspect Thus, talking about renewal in cultural life is, first and foremost, talking about renewal in the Party and States lines, direction and policies concerning culture After the start of renewal, Vietnams culture has experienced the most significant th landmark in its direction, which is the introduction of the Resolution of the Plenum of th the Central Party Committee (8 Tenure) On building and developing an advanced th Vietnamese culture deeply imbued with national identity, issued on 16 July, 1998 In this resolution, the Party objectively evaluated the cultural achievements, fairly reviewed the weaknesses, frankly revealed the main causes and proposed directions and specific tasks to develop culture The Partys policy to develop the culture is in line with the views of integrating Vietnam into the world, building Vietnames people and culture in the dialectical relation between the national and the international; considering culture as the spiritual foundation of society, as well as the end and the dynamic to promote socio economic development; emphasizing the first task of building Vietnamese people so that they are both patriotic and have the solidarity with the worlds peoples; highly appreciating democratic values and respecting artists right to freedom of creation; being open to all the worlds cultural achievements; completely not mentioning the dogmatic view honoring the socialist realism, in order to affirm that the Party encourages researching and experiencing all methods, all creating styles [1, p 171] This is a very new view, a right legal basis which ensures the cultural liberty for Vietnamese people This has been manifested in the richness and diversity of contemporary literature and art creations At the ninth Partys National Congress (2001), following the spirit of the Resolution th th of the Plenum of Party Central Committee (8 Tenure), the Party proposed a new direction for developing Vietnam's culture, that is To speed up the movement The whole nation is united to build up cultural life; Building up civilized lifestyles and cultural families; Bringing into full play the national cultural identity; preserving and restoring tangible and intangible cultural patrimonies that serve as a basis for cultural exchanges among communities, regions and between Vietnam and the outside world [2, p 222] At this congress, cultural development focuses on building cultural life, civilized lifestyles, promoting cultural exchanges within and across borders Obviously, the policy to develop Vietnamese culture in the spirit of international integration has been consistently pursued by our Party The tenth Congress (2006) reaffirmed the orientation considering cultural development as a spiritual foundation of society Specifically, culture should penetrate deeply into each residential community, each family and each person, improving Vietnamese cultural values, inheriting traditional values as well as receiving mankinds cultural quintessence, thus enhancing resistance to fight against those harmful and depraved cultural products It is also important to enhance the cultural value of every economic, politic and social activities as well as peoples lives [3, p 213] th Most recently, on 16 June 2008, the Party issued the Resolution No 23 - NQ/TW of the Politburo which helps continuously build and develop literature and art in the new era This is the Partys first resolution reserved only for literature and art, a particular area of th culture The resolution is regarded as the concretization of the Resolution of the Plenum th of Party Central Committee (8 Tenure) In this resolution, when reviewing the literature and art achievements in the past, the Party asserted the right to creation freedom: Freedom in artistic creation and the diversity in the contents, creating styles, manifesting manners, are all respected; personal traits and creative individuality are affirmed [4, p - 6] And in the section Objectives, guiding views , the Party insisted on the policy that continues renewing, creating favorable conditions for literature and art to develop strongly and variously in terms of topics, contents, forms, creating methods, experiences, explorations, which help to enhance the overall quality of our countrys literature and art The resolution is an evidence of our Partys close attention to the building and developing culture and cultural life for Vietnamese people as well as its strong determination to renovate culture Therefore, since the renovation, the cultural life of Vietnamese people has been raised to a new higher level, become far more diverse and richer Traditional forms are being brought into full play Meanwhile, new forms are being brought in from the outside world This is due to the fact that our Party recognizes and expands the right to cultural liberty, in line with the worlds common trend of expanding human rights Another significant change in thinking that the Party adopted is that it recognizes personal benefits in the cultural freedom It aims to build up, among others, the characteristic of working hard in Vietnamese people for the benefits of themselves, of their th families, their communities and society (the Resolution of the Plenum of Party Central th Committee - Tenure) This is a new development in thinking because previously people had to sacrifice their personal interests for the benefits of communities Nowadays, the fact that personal benefits are recognized also means that cultural creation is not only for the sake of spiritual lives but also for the sake of material ones because creation does bring economic benefits As the spiritual basis, culture cannot help bearing physical - economic values, especially when it penetrates into peoples everyday life and become part of it th Therefore, these values must not be underestimated The Resolution of the Plenum of th Party Central Committee (8 Tenure) clearly stated that it is vital to build economic policies in culture in order to connect culture with economic activities In short, we can say that the culture renewal in respect of political - legal aspect serves as the important foundation for our countrys cultural renovation in the era of international integration It is truly a lever on which a new people and culture are to be built bearing the eras advances, bringing into play the traditional cultural identities of the nation Absorbing world cultural values to enrich Vietnamese culture Owing to Vietnams open - door policy, people have got access to various novel art th th forms The Resolution of the Plenum of Party Central Committee (8 Tenure) pointed out that safeguarding national identity does not necessarily mean that the door to the outside world must be closed so that the people inside are separated; but rather, Protecting national identity must keep in line with international exchange, being open but with a selective mind so that only the good and the progress of the other nations cultures are imported. The Partys tenth National Congress also pointed out: we must inherit traditional values and absorb cultural quintessences of the world, increase resistance to fight against harmful and depraved cultural products. Since then all kinds of cultures are welcome in Vietnam Firstly in terms of cinema, foreign films, especially Western ones, with both specific artistic values and commercial entertainment values, are shown widely in Vietnam This area is the one that best demonstrates changes in cultural life of Vietnamese people in the renewal and integration time Now people can enjoy not only films produced by socialist countries as in the past, but those by other countries as well Nowadays, thanks to modern communication technologies, foreign films are flooding cultural life of Vietnamese people; televisions and Internet are the two most effective means of propagandizing foreign films, especially Western ones The first Vietnamese cinema event appeared 15 March 1953 when the first cinema business was created For over 55 years, Vietnamese cinema have had an important development process started from one rudimentary business But, with weak economic capacities, and with the essential mission serving politics and not aiming economic profits, we didnt actually have cinema industry Cultural - artistic aspect of that culture type was not brought into play in terms of its potentials Moreover, with actors and directors team lacking experiences and qualifications, plus the lack of good screenplays, Vietnamese films were and are not able to meet peoples cultural needs, could and can not compete with foreign films Presently, cinema activists are calling for professionalization of Vietnams films That means this area must be turned into a real industry the cinema industry Subsidizing mechanism is being abolished in all fields of social life, cinema in particular However, cinema market mechanism has not been shaped As a result, this led to the decline of Vietnams films and currently this situation has reached an alarming point The number of movie theatres has gone down from 300 to 100, films from 20 annually down to some or The film makers staff, from screenwriters, directors, actors/actresses to cameramen, are not actually professionals This situation is partly due to the fact that there are no studios in Vietnam, a requisite condition for cinema industry professionalization [see and 6] We can say that changes in Vietnams cinema occurred mainly on cinema market There may have been already changes in conceptions and awareness of people as far as film industry is concerned; however, from conception to practice is a long distance to bridge because of inadequate technical conditions and human resources On cinema market the biggest change which has been witnessed ever since is our recognition of international integration, allowing the penetration of foreign films into the domestic film market, which may have both positive and negative influences Negatively, market for domestic films has been narrowed minimally Perhaps, movies is the area in which the concept domestic goods loses its most meaning Viewers, though patriotic as they are, when watching Vietnamese films they cannot help feeling pity for their low technical and aesthetic level Nevertheless, the invasion of foreign films still has positive effects on renovating the thinking of Vietnams movies makers and stimulating this industry to develop Definitely, if cinema wants to survive it must renovate itself in many basic respects, progressively becoming one of highly profitable cultural industries that serves our countrys development Photography also experienced noticeable innovation In war time, it served the countrys strategic missions wholeheartedly Its views and artistic functions were to be used to serve the countrys political tasks Nowadays, in renewal period all the functions of photography can be fully manifested Aesthetic and entertaining functions are drawing attention from the public Cultural freedom once again is clearly manifested It is the first time in photography history nude pictures have been published into album: the album Xuan thi by Thai Phien was published in 2007 by Literature and Art Publisher in Ho Chi Minh City and after half a month 2.000 copies were sold out Frankly, this is one of the most impressive changes in Vietnams modern culture The world modern music, like movies, has also massively invaded Vietnam At the end of twentieth century, such kinds of music as pop, rock, hip - hop (especially rap) were widely accepted by the youth, everyday broadcast on the radio and television, shown in music programs, competitions, and night clubs, etc Rock music with its excitement entered Vietnam, especially into two big cultural centres, namely Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city, in the early 1990s The national rock competition named Tiger Translate Rock Your Passion, held in the beginning of 2008 in the night show named Tiger Unite 08 at the seventh military zone stadium in Ho Chi Minh City, attracted 30,000 rock fans Sports activities also quickly integrates with those of the world Vietnams sports started to join regional and international games International cup competitions such as football, volleyball, taekwondo, etc have been continuously organized in Vietnam nd Especially, the 22 Sea Games (2003) were successfully held in our country This is the games competition in which Vietnamese sports delegation won a lot of accomplishments, among which the first time in sports history being the top of the list These accomplishments can only be obtained through renewal and integration The novelty in sports is not only displayed through records but also manifested through changes in the conceptions of sports There has been a switch in attention from th movement sport to professional sport In the last days of the second millennium, on 30 November 2000, Vietnams professional football teams came into being; they were allowed to sign contracts with businesses, hire foreign players and coaches for their teams We can say that these are living examples showing that Vietnam is actually on the way to integrate with the world Sports such as tennis, golf, which have been once called luxurious sports, now are being adopted by and gradually becoming part of Vietnamese sports Golf courts, appeared like mushrooms after rain alongside with spas, ecotourism resorts, are becoming a popular phenomenon in Vietnam However, this situation leads to some other serious problems such as environmental pollution and degradation, food and social security These problems will be discussed in details in the last section Especially the beauty contests a cultural activity which was considered strange and even a taboo in the past, now publicly recognized and annually organized in Vietnam at different levels such as Miss Vietnam, Miss Regions, Miss City/Province, Miss of Vietnamese ethnic groups, Miss of the Seaside Zone, Miss Ao Dai, Miss of Schools, Miss Photo, Miss Sport, Miss Tien Phong Newspaper, etc The first Miss Vietnam contest was held in 1988, two years right after the introduction of renewal Since then it is organized every two years And if counting other miss competitions, we have competitions almost annually organized Recently, Vietnam has created a reputation as a host country for world beauty contests Specifically in 2008, it is the first time in history Vietnam hosted Miss Universe Pageant with the participation of Misses from 80 countries around the world Vietnam will also host the Lady World Contest 2009 in Ba RiaVung Tau; most 20 th importantly, Vietnam will host the 60 Miss World Contest 2010 in Nha Trang These are vivid examples for our countrys open and cultural integration policies Along with Miss Contests there come Model Fashion Shows This is a quite new culture kind which has just appeared since the days of integration Unlike Miss Contests, fashion shows tend to develop from a type of cultural activity to a cultural high - earning profession Ministry of Culture and Information promulgated a decision on the establishment of Vietnams Model Association, which will operate as a professional organization Thus after 20 years of renewal the most popular types of Western culture have completely penetrated into Vietnam Other foreign cultural phenomena have been easily welcome by Vietnamese people in this open period, for example the festivities like Valentine Day, Christmas Day, Easter Day, etc These are festivals that are being warmly greeted in Vietnam Why are these Christian phenomena are so popular now in Vietnam? I reckon that in the past, Christian community was somewhat separated from Vietnamese society and did not fall in line with its common people Nowadays, when the policy of religion freedom is widely practiced throughout the country, Christian festivals suddenly become appealing to the public They are widely welcome as new cultural values that did not exist in Vietnamese culture In addition, these festivals, characterized as highly utilitarian (accompanied with gift - giving procedures), can easily penetrate into peoples daily lives Each Christian festival always attracts the participation of many businesses because the benefits that the festival brings to them is not small Therefore, the possibility of socializing these festivals into the community is really high Moreover, cultural events that are economically backed up can enjoy greater popularity Or rather, Christianity originally came from the West where globalization of capitalism commenced and spread throughout the world; and obviously, this economic globalization acts as a carrier of Western values to the world So it is understandable that Western cultural phenomena enjoy greater popularity than those of the East in this period of global integration Two important fields of cultural life, namely, literature & art and language, also experienced lively exchanges and reception of values from outside Nevertheless, due to the typical characters of these two areas, these phenomena of exchanges and reception will be deeply discussed on another occasion Here I only speak briefly that these two areas have been very deeply affected by cultural exchanges Vietnamese literature and art, in terms of both creation and theory and criticism fields, have got rid of dogmatic regulations to be integrated with the world Many creation and research methods have been received The facets of Vietnamese literature and art have become richer and more diverse Nevertheless, in the new context of integration, we dont have got enough practical and theoretic bases yet for receiving the novelty, for this reason our reception proved to be somewhat gross, unsystematic, sometimes fell into stereotype, imitation, lacking selectivity and creativity, not considering the usability and compatibility of new methods brought into Vietnamese cultural environment It is the same in respect of language: besides positive influences of the 22 reception of foreign languages which have contributed to enrich Vietnamese language, this reception in machanically imitative manner, without regarding logical rules and specific cultural - linguistic bases of Vietnamese people, as well as without having linguistic standards, has made Vietnamese language become disordered more than ever; this disorder appears in all domains of language such as lexicon, phonology, orthography and syntax All the above - mentioned cultural exchanges are the most vivid manifestation of changes in cultural life in the direction of acquiring world cultural values They are changing fundamentally the facets of Vietnamese cultural life One can say that these new Western cultural - and - art forms have been largely imported into our country so that to become a significant part of Vietnamese culture Nevertheless, in cultural life there are not only cultural exchanges phenomena, but there are also the phenomena expressing conception of life and lifestyles of people Now lets view how conception of life and lifestyles of Vietnamese people have changed Changes in conception of life and in lifestyle of the Vietnameses Today, changes in conception of life of the Vietnamese people is manifested above all in changes in aims of life In the past, people was recommended to live for community, for us When it is necessary, one must sacrifice the self for the collective But now people are free to live for themselves, even in some circumstances, one may live for oneself more than for the others Since then, it has appeared one conception holding that living is to enjoy Of course this is only one of the aims of life of the people And at every social stratum this conception is manifested at different level Nowadays in our country, there is still gap between the social strata, therefore the conception of living is to enjoy appears only at social strata from the middle stratum upwards For the poor, they only dare to think of living is to exist But we can say, the conception of living is to enjoy is becoming an objective to obtain of all social strata This conception has been expressed into many different features of modern lifestyle These features are as follows: + The post - industrial quick lifestyle People say that the post - industrial quick lifestyle means eating quickly, going and acting quickly, matching with speed of high technologies in ultramodern era We can say that this is the change in speed of living We can see the quick speed of living is manifested daily through eating and clothing manner Clothes fashions are updated daily The fast foods restaurants increasingly appear Now the speed of life has the trend to increase more quickly than in the past Nevertheless, in receiving quick lifestyle of the West, we mostly receive only its cultural appearance and not its social - economic depth In reality, fast foods restaurants mostly are restaurants for the foods fast prepared and not for fast eating, because people stay eating in those restaurants for several hours Girls and boys stay gossiping almost all day long in fast foods restaurants Moreover, quick manner in eating and living not change yet the lifestyle of Vietnamese characteristically agriculture - based people: the passion for feasts and festivities still prevails in many populace strata + The small family lifestyle According to the lifestyle aiming for oneself, the family model today has the trend to be single or two - generation family Chidren are interested to live independently, to build own life after marriage In those nations - states which have the development level close to knowledge society, their birth - rate is to drop quickly Now our country is flowing this trend The old conception attaching much importance to boys and less appreciating girls is changed in positive direction Nevertheless, this direction does not appear at the same level in all populace strata and in all regions: in the countryside, people still give much births in order to have sons + Modern lifestyle is also consumer one Nowadays, consumption is not for meeting the needs of living But in many times, people consume to meet one hobby, or even the shoping action is a bigest hobby of modern men; or people consume only to keep pace with modern life This thinking has appeared everywhere in the world, and Vietnam is not exception, where this thinking appears mostly at the young and the new middle class Viewed from economic point in globalized age, consumption is seen as productions dynamic It is equivalent to jobs guarantee and is a soft power of consumers However, extreme cunsumption is waste We can say, modern lifestyle is one of the important problems of cultural life Building a citizens sound lifestyle which has responsibility to society, for benefits of oneself, of family, collectivity and society as the policy of our Party pointed out, is an important task of our advanced culture Restoring and bringing into play traditional cultural values Speaking of renewal, one usually sees its obvious manifestation in the new things imported from outside But in reality, renewal in inheriting old traditions for building the new culture is always crucial, simply because building the new always costs less if it is founded on the ready existing own bases Our Party asserted that Cultural heritage is invaluable assets which help connect national community; it is the essence of national identity and the basis for creating new values and cultural exchanges [1, p 173] Therefore, bringing into full play the cultural traditional values is always the first and foremost mission of the whole society In the period of renovation, inheriting cultural traditions has met with dogmatism and puerilism Although in our country there were not any serious cultural destructive acts, but there was one time when only cultural values which were relevant to our ideology were acquired Values that were contrary to atheism were limited Now as a result of belief freedom, which is a concretization of cultural liberty, various belief cultural values of people are restored and accepted Pagodas, temples, and churches have been restored Theological schools such as Zen monasteries, friaries are built everywhere People have the right to choose which cultural values to pursue according to their beliefs In that spirit, traditional festivals have also been revived throughout the country One can say that a new cultural environment has been being established in our country in the spirit of cultural freedom since the introduction of renovation policy However, cultural freedom which goes beyond legal and moral principles will risk to harm the national cultural values system Our Party had a right policy on bringing into play th cultural heritage which was mentioned in the Resolution of the Plenum of Party Central th Committee (8 Tenure): Preserving national identity must go hand in hand with the fight against backwardness and obsoleteness in our old customs and habits. This policy fits with the tone of the whole world But in our country, in the early days of renovation there was a campaign to restore rampantly every old cultural phenomenon in the name of national identity protection Festivals were held interminably in every locality of the country, accompanied with unsound customs such as going into a trance, fortune - telling, burning votive paper luxuriously, etc At that time, it felt that the whole nation was launching a general pilgrimage back to the past; this was based on the unilateral view holding that only cultural traditions made up national identity Of course restoring old relics is not bad, but restoring is not for itself The above - mentioned trend in restoring grossly and indistinguishably is a nostalgic and conservative one, a manifestation of narrow - minded nationalism, of inferiority complex that many scientists in the world have criticized In this respect, even UNDP stated: Taking the extreme position of preserving tradition at all cost can hold back human development [7, p 89] Obviously, such negative phenomena in the inheriting traditional cultures had and have somewhat contaminated our cultural environment; thus they have to be eradicated Recently, in this spirit, a new cultural phenomenon of bringing festivals into play worthy of remark has appeared, that is the secular festivals This festival type is to replace somewhat traditional types of festival that seem to have been saturated This new type of festivals brings into play the modern cultural values It aims at taking advantage of the material - economic values of cultural events to serve the development of the nation, which is relevant to the pragmatism of the modern consumption - oriented culture in this globalization era Here in this kind of festivals, traditional and modern values are intermingled Vietnamese people have quickly recognized the practical tendency of the world festivals, turning their own into a cultural tool to serve the national development process The recent years have witnessed the increasing popularity of nonreligious festivals such as tourism, sport, book, spring newspaper, fruit, parachuting, fireworks, food, waterways festivals, etc And in order to promote international cultural exchanges, we even use English for naming some of the festivals, among which is Festival Hue, held every year in Hue city This colorful festival attracts all types of cultural performances and the participation of both domestic and foreign troupes We can say that our countrys cultural inheritance and development is moving in the right direction in the spirit of renovation and integration Traditional kinds of culture such as classical - traditional operas and dramas, and traditional folk - songs [tuồng, chèo, cải lơng, điệu dân ca cổ truyền], and especially the art types which were not much respected in the past, such as festival song [ca trù] in particular (which is also traditionally known as hát ả đào), now are being attended by the State and research circle Policies have been promulgated to preserve these traditional cultural forms Theatres are being invested and improved; old - aged artists are being recognized and encouraged to make use of their talents and to impart experience and skills onto the younger generations However, according to the development law of values system, traditional cultural forms cannot help having their old values changed Therefore, renovating and making use of these cultural forms for the sake of national development and modernization while maintaining their position in the societys reception is still a problem difficult to resolve In all, inheriting and bringing into play cultural traditions while acquiring cultural values from the outside world have become a vital cultural development strategy for the service of national modernization Renewal in freedom of creation and its limits In essence, freedom of expression is one of the basic and important human rights And because freedom of creation is part of freedom of expression, then it is one of important human rights too This right was introduced into policy immediately at the beginning of renewal th th Resolution of the Plenum of Party Central Committee (8 Tenure) in 1998 stated we must encourage researching and experiencing all methods, all creating styles (I emphasize NVD), and from then to Resolution No 23 - NQ/TW of the Politburo, the Party never mentioned socialist - realist method, but only consistently insisted: Continuously renewing, facilitating strong and diversified development of literature and art in terms of themes, contents, types, creation methods, research, experimentation , with the emphasise focusing on the fact that Vietnamese literature and art in promoted industrialization modernization and international integration era must comprehensively and strongly develop, imbued deeply with humane and democratic spirit [4, p 8] Thus, with affirmation of creation freedom, the Party goes on the right way in respecting and ensuring human rights to our society One can say, in Vietnamese cultural history, we never got freedom of creation such as nowadays This is a very new thing and an important untying to our countrys cultural creation In fact, artists have got freedom in manifesting their talents in all cultural types In literature, theatre, films, painting, etc, artists have been free to express their individuality Many artists have been searching for new creation methods Novel Western techniques such as analysis of consciousness stream, exploration of hidden unconsciousness, penetrating in surrealist time and space, technique of absurd, etc, have been experimented and one cant say they havent got certain successes However, there are techniques and artistic forms which still are objects of endless controversy, such as technique of drawing poetry, vulgar poetry form, performance poetry form and technique in performing the poetry , as well as the sex theme in prose, poetry, films and pictures But, they are precisely those that prove today artists are allowed to create far more freely than ever We can say, due to freedom of creation, our culture and arts are developing more diversified and enriched than ever Especially, thanks to mass media and modern information technologies, freedom of creation has reached the level almost without limits in terms of contents and forms Through artistic images, artists got the right to express their anxiousness and worry, even their discontent with some sociopolitical phenomena Some artists were allowed to answer the interview of foreign media This is the important renewal of culture in general and of political culture in particular, in accordance with principles of civil society, of democratic regime, with human rights in general and freedom of expression in particular Although today freedom of expression is highly appreciated in information and knowledge society, but we can put the question: this freedom is a absolute right or not? In Marxist philosophical thinking, freedom and necessity are dialectic category pair Never exists absolute freedom independently of objective necessity Men can get actual freedom only when they understand the laws of objective necessity On the other hand, in reality sometimes freedom of expression goes against the rights and principles which have been openly proclaimed world - wide For example, when a radio station of one country incites genocide or ethnic cleansing, then the censoship imposed on this radio station might not be considered violating freedom of expression and freedom of information Thats why we must regard some information contents as guilty so that we may impose the possible limits on freedom of expression and freedom of information European Convention on Human Rights, created in 1950 and modified in 1998, imposes certain legitimate and desirable restrictions on damaging information contents According to this Comvention, for the objective aiming at mankinds development and for a fair democracy, we are not allowed to disregard the other human rights when these rights are in contradiction with freedom of expression and freedom of information This means freedom must go hand in hand with responsibility This proved to be in accordance with the th th Partys viewpoint when the Party stated in Resolution of Tenure: Guaranteing freedom of creation must go hand in hand with high citizens responsibilty, with social responsibility of artists and cultural activists Obviously, regulator role of politics proved to be very important in building a global information society and knowledge societies In short, in any times and in any places, there never exists absolute freedom There is not anywhere any freedom above all laws, above democratic and human rights It is the same in Vietnam, where freedom must go hand in hand with citizens responsibility, must be in conformity with the law This is true freedom Issue arising from culture renewal Being open to the world cultural values is a right policy of our Party and State Nevertheless, this must be based on the economic, social and cultural backgrounds and conditions of Vietnam; only those values which are relevant and particularly applicable to Vietnams situation are to be brought in There is a universal rule holding that a country after a long time of being shut down from the outside, when opens its door will easily fall into another extreme: being grossly and thus indistinguishably open to all Vietnams cultural life seems partially to fall in such situation Reviewing Vietnams cultural life shows that, apart from its achievements that may positively contribute to modernization, there remain the feelings that the way Vietnamese think is being governed by the Western thinking This way of thinking is illogical imitation This consequently leads to abuses in receiving new cultures We are abusing the use of English language; abusing the absorption of literary and artistic concepts and theories; abusing entertainment and advertisement programs on mass media (especially on radio and television); abusing commercial books; abusing sex show in literature, films, music, including theatre, and even in ordinary cultural lives (which is currently termed by up - to date words as sex and hot shots); abusing mass cultural performances such as fashion shows, beauty contests, etc; abusing luxurious sports such as golf; and even abusing in organizing festivals In terms of Vietnams beauty contests, according to a recent survey conducted on Yahoo.com.vn net, the number of people who were against these contests was very high by the end of August 2008: 76% of people in the survey responded that there are so many beauty contests in Vietnam Tuanvietnam.net website also published opinions of its readers against the frivolity and luxury of these contests because in Vietnam now so many people are still suffering hardships in their lives [see 8] These views became better established when the scandal of Miss Vietnam 2008 Tran Thi Thuy Dung with her false school report was revealed Together with the irresponsible actions and unacceptable explanations from the organizing board, Miss Vietnam 2008 Contest has made the public furious and disappointed totally It seems that for Vietnamese, the moderation, truthfulness, and purity are still important criteria of cultural values Overuses of hot shots in literature and art also have negative effects on the society: abortions among teenager girls are at an alarming rate; a number of 13 - year - old girls became pregnant without knowing who the father of their child were since they had had sex with more than dozen men in their commune, even DNA assessors lost patience in seeking for the babys real father [see 9] Likewise, the rate of adultery is also on the increase In terms of golf courts, there have been so many cries from farmers It is said that when golf courts land the fields, farmers are sentenced to poverty! Cries from poor farmers clearly reveal that self - interest disease is invading the lives of Vietnamese people It makes Vietnamese officials become indifferent to the risk of impoverishment of the farmers because of golf court and spa, resort construction According to statistics, the number of golf courts in Vietnam is too high (123 courts built and been building in total, accounting for 38,000 hectares, half of which is cultivated land) Meanwhile in the world, golf is not on the list of Olympic Games, and the 29 April of every year has been chosen to be non - golf day [see 10] On the visit to Hoa Binh Province, General Secretary Nong Duc Manh even reminded the local officials that golf courts should not be built on fields [see 11] In the difficult time of the world economy this August 2008, President Lee Myung bak of South Korea also requested the countrys authorities to stop playing golf [see 12] So is building too many golf courts an abuse in Vietnam? And above all is the abuse of the right to freedom of creation As it is mentioned previously, our Party has asserted uncountable times the right to freedom of creation It also, however, emphasized that this right has to go alongside with citizens duty But in fact, there still remains here and there the extreme phenomena On the one hand, there exist the so called guiding authoritarian opinions of someone that negatively limit the freedom of expression and freedom of creation On the other hand, because of IT advances, especially the Internet, freedom of expression and freedom of creation sometimes go beyond the limits When publications can almost freely go online without being assessed by any publishers or editors [13, pp 65 - 67], freedom of expression and creation will become absolute, which overshadows citizens duty Many articles have been written as if only to self - satisfy individuals eagerness for success; carelessly - and - irresponsibly written writings are still posted online This kind of publications is causing the disordered errors; not only does not enhance, but also risks lowering the knowledges of people, going against the principles of knowledge society In these cases, one can say that freedom of one person is doing harms to freedom of the others So, freedom of expression and freedom of creation are ruling the roost of cyberspace, making the authors of one UNESCO report estimate that half the information circulating is simply false or inaccurate [14, p 47] Such type of freedom clearly violates the human rights In sum, above - mentioned disordered phenomena can be designated only by one word: abuse And they also make us think that cultural life asks to be managed scientifically and reasonably, that is it must be managed by laws This is the manifestation of political cultures role Only so we could build up a culture that is humane, democratic, human - right respectable and constitutes the dynamic for development August 2008 REFERENCES Vietnams Communist Party, Resolutions of the Central Committee 1996 - 1999, National Publisher of Politics, H., 2000, 347 pages The Eighth Central Committee, Directions, tasks, and plans for economic development in five years from 2001 to 2005 In: Vietnams Communist Party, Documents presented at the ninth National Party Congress, National Publisher of Politics, H., 2001, 352 pages th The Central Committee, Report on the directions and tasks for economic development in five years from 2006 to 2010 presented at the tenth National Party Congress In: Vietnams Communist Party, Documents presented at the tenth National Party Congress, National Publisher of Politics, H., 2006, 376 pages Vietnams Communist Party, Resolution of the Politburo on continuing building and developing literature and art in the new era, Bulletin of literature and art theory & criticism, No 1, June 2008, pp - 11 Vu Quynh Trang, Vietnams films struggle with difficulties to survive, Tintuconline, 23 - - 2008 Thanh Huyen, Professionalism in films has to be done in every aspects, Tintuconline, 18 - - 2008 UNDP, Human Development Report 2004 Cultural liberty in todays diverse world, New York, 2004, 299 pages On: http://hdr.undp.org Bui Dung, What comes after the booming of Miss Contests (with the accompany of comments on this article), Tuanvietnam.net, 25 - - 2008 A tragicomedy on identifying who is to blame for in a baby rape, Vnexpress.net, 26 - - 2008 Hoang Quoc Hai, Golf courts, the innermost worry of a writer, Van nghe, 32 - 2008 General Secretary requests not to bring golf courts down to fields, Vietnamnet, 25 - - 2008 Hai Ninh, South Koreas President advises on quitting golf, Vnexpress.net, 22 - - 2008 Suliman Al - Hawamdeh and Thomas L Hart, Information and Knowledge Society, McGraw - Hill Education, Singapore, 2002, 235 pages UNESCO, Towards Knowledge Societies, (UNESCO World Report 2005, UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 2005, 227 pages On: www.unesco.org/publications [...]... n cui thỏng 8 - 2008 l rt cao: 76% s ngi c hi tr li rng hin ang cú quỏ nhiu cuc thi hoa hu Vit Nam Bỏo mng Tuanvietnam.net cng ng d lun ca nhiu bn c phn i s phự phim v xa x ca tỡnh trng lm dng thi hoa hu trong iu kin kinh t - xó hi khú khn ca Vit Nam [xem 12] V ri n kt qu cuc thi hoa hu Vit Nam 2008 ngay sau ú, chuyn bờ bi v gian ln hc b ca hoa hu Trn Th Thu Dung v cỏch gii quyt vụ trỏch nhim ca Ban... Vietnam, especially into two big cultural centres, namely Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city, in the early 1990s The national rock competition named Tiger Translate Rock Your Passion, held in the beginning of 2008 in the night show named Tiger Unite 08 at the seventh military zone stadium in Ho Chi Minh City, attracted 30,000 rock fans Sports activities also quickly integrates with those of the world Vietnams... http://hdr.undp.org 11 12 Nguyn Thuý, Mỳa sexy ỏm tang!, Vietnamnet, ngy 22 - 5 - 2008 Bựi Dng, Sau bựng n hoa hu l gỡ ? (cựng nhng li bỡnh lun xung quanh bi vit ny), Tuanvietnam.net, 25 - 6 - 2008 13 Bi hi vic giỏm nh th phm hip dõm tr em, Vnexpress.net, ngy 26 - 6 - 2008 14 15 K Nhõn, Ngc Lan, Sõn golf xung rung, nụng dõn mang ỏn nghốo!, Vietnamnet, 28 - 7 - 2008 Hong Quc Hi, Sõn golf, ni trn tr ca... culture is in line with the views of integrating Vietnam into the world, building Vietnames people and culture in the dialectical relation between the national and the international; considering culture as the spiritual foundation of society, as well as the end and the dynamic to promote socio economic development; emphasizing the first task of building Vietnamese people so that they are both patriotic and... da trờn c s v iu kin kinh t - xó hi - vn hoỏ ca Vit Nam, phi tip thu nhng gỡ phự hp vi nc ta v nht l nhng gỡ cú kh nng vn dng vo nc ta Cú mt quy lut ph bin l mt t nc sau mt thi gian úng ca lõu di, khi c m ca s rt d b ri vo mt trng thỏi cc oan khỏc: tip thu xụ b v khụng phõn bit Vit Nam hin nay cng cú phn ri vo tỡnh trng nh vy Nhỡn vo i sng vn hoỏ Vit Nam, ngoi nhng thnh tu tip thu tớch cc cú kh nng phc... even a taboo in the past, now publicly recognized and annually organized in Vietnam at different levels such as Miss Vietnam, Miss Regions, Miss City/Province, Miss of Vietnamese ethnic groups, Miss of the Seaside Zone, Miss Ao Dai, Miss of Schools, Miss Photo, Miss Sport, Miss Tien Phong Newspaper, etc The first Miss Vietnam contest was held in 1988, two years right after the introduction of renewal... almost annually organized Recently, Vietnam has created a reputation as a host country for world beauty contests Specifically in 2008, it is the first time in history Vietnam hosted Miss Universe Pageant with the participation of Misses from 80 countries around the world Vietnam will also host the Lady World Contest 2009 in Ba RiaVung Tau; most 20 th importantly, Vietnam will host the 60 Miss World Contest... Vietnamese cultural environment It is the same in respect of language: besides positive influences of the 22 reception of foreign languages which have contributed to enrich Vietnamese language, this reception in machanically imitative manner, without regarding logical rules and specific cultural - linguistic bases of Vietnamese people, as well as without having linguistic standards, has made Vietnamese... Vietnams beauty contests, according to a recent survey conducted on Yahoo.com.vn net, the number of people who were against these contests was very high by the end of August 2008: 76% of people in the survey responded that there are so many beauty contests in Vietnam Tuanvietnam.net website also published opinions of its readers against the frivolity and luxury of these contests because in Vietnam... (with the accompany of comments on this article), Tuanvietnam.net, 25 - 6 - 2008 A tragicomedy on identifying who is to blame for in a baby rape, Vnexpress.net, 26 - 6 - 2008 Hoang Quoc Hai, Golf courts, the innermost worry of a writer, Van nghe, 32 - 2008 General Secretary requests not to bring golf courts down to fields, Vietnamnet, 25 - 7 - 2008 Hai Ninh, South Koreas President advises on quitting golf,