Tài liệu về danh từ, đại từ và mạo từ (13)

Khóa h c Luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Môn Ti ng Anh (Cô Nguy t Ca) M ot M OT (TÀI LI U BÀI GI NG) Giáo viên: NGUY T CA ây tài li u kèm v i Bài M o t thu c khóa h c Luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Môn Ti ng Anh (Cô Nguy t Ca) thu c Hocmai.vn li u gi ng có th n m v ng ki n th c liên quan, B n c n k t h p xem tài I TYPES OF ARTICLES (Các lo i m o t ) - Definite articles (m o t xác đ nh): A/ AN - Indefinite articles (m o t không xác đ nh): THE - Zero articles (không dùng m o t ) II HOW TO USE “A/AN” Vowel sounds or consonant sounds? A: Dùng A tr c t b t đ u ph âm b ng ph âm, t ng đ ng v i ch B, C, D, G, J, K, P, Q, T, U, V, W, Y, Z AN: Dùng AN tr c t b t đ u b ng âm nguyên âm, t ng đ ng v i ch A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S, X Các ch s c ng đ c coi danh t , v y c ng c n A/ AN tr c A: đ ng tr c: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, nine, ten, twelve… AN: đ ng tr c: eight, eleven, eighteen, eighty E.g.: an MP, an FBI agent, a FIFA official, a NATO general Dùng A/ AN tr c t a university, a European, a one-parent family an umbrella, an elephant, an apple bao g m c t b t đ u b ng h câm an hour, an honest child Dùng a/ an v i danh t đ m đ c s We had a great lesson yesterday Th nh tho ng có th dung a/ an ho c one  We’ve been here for a/one year  Wait here for one/a minute, and I’ll be with you Trong tr ng h p này, dùng one đ nh n m nh h n v s Dùng a/an (ch không dùng one) c m t nh : There times a year half an hour a quarter of an hour a day or so Dùng a thay one m u câu v i a of v i đ i t s h u He’s a friend of mine That’s a friend of Bill’s Dùng one thay a/an n u mu n nh n m nh r ng ch nói v m t v t ho c m t ng i/ mu n nh n m nh v s l ng Do you want one sandwich or two? Dùng one ch không dùng a v i c u trúc one other/ another  Body language differs from one culture to another Hocmai.vn – Ngôi tr ng chung c a h c trò Vi t T ng đài t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Khóa h c Luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Môn Ti ng Anh (Cô Nguy t Ca) M ot  Close one eye and then the other III HOW TO USE “THE” Dùng the tr c so sánh b c nh t This is the best film that I’ve ever seen Dùng the danh t nh t The sun The moon The world The earth The universe The North Pole Dùng a danh t đ c đ c p đ n l n đ u tiên, sau dùng the ng i nghe ho c ng i đ c bi t mu n nói đ n danh t Pete’s just bought a house in Alton Street The house has a big garden V i danh t nói chung nh sau: The weather the human race the public the sea The environment the sky the ground the wind The atmosphere the future the past Tuy nhiên, dùng a/an mu n nói v m t ví d c th c a nh ng danh t  What are your plans for the future? = K ho ch t ng lai c a b n gì?  She dreamt of a future where she could spend more time painting (Cô y m v m t t ng lai mà cô y có th dành nhi u th i gian đ v ) Dùng v i đ a danh nh sau: a Bi n/ đ i d ng The Atlantic (Ocean) The Pacific (Ocean) The Indian Ocean The Mediterranean (Sea) The Red Sea b Sông/ kênh đào The Rhine The Thames The Nile The Amazon The Mississipi The English channel The Suez Canal The Panama Canal c Dãy núi The Hymalayas, The Rocky mountains/ the Rockies The Andes, The Alps  Không dùng v i ng n núi riêng r (Mount) Everest (Mount) Fuji (Mount) Etna Kilimanjaro Showdon Table Mountain Hocmai.vn – Ngôi tr ng chung c a h c trò Vi t T ng đài t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Khóa h c Luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Môn Ti ng Anh (Cô Nguy t Ca) M ot Ngo i tr The Majei (La majei) d Nhóm đ o The West Indies, The British Isles, The Bahamas The Canaries, The Canary Islands, The Virgin Islands  Không dùng the v i đ o riêng l Scicily , Easter Island, Corfu, Bermuda e Sa m c The Sahara f Khách s n The Grand Hotel, the Hilton Hotel, the Sheraton Hotel g R p chi u phim/ nhà hát The Odeon, The playhouse The National Theater, The Quad, The Shubert Theater h B o tàng The British museum the Metropolitan Museum The Louvre the National Gallery i Nhà hàng The Bombay Restaurant the Stage Delicatessen Không dùng the v i nhà hàng, c a hi u l y tên c a ng i ch th ng có t n s ho c „s  “Where did you buy that hat?” “At Marcy‟s” (the Macy‟s)  We are going to have dinner at Mama Leone‟s (the Mama Leone‟s) j Tên tòa nhà The Washington Monument, The Empire State Building k Vùng, mi n The Middle East the Far East The North of France the West of Canada * northen France (the northen France) Western Canada (the Western Canada) l Dùng the v i đ a danh có of The Museum of Modern Art The University of Southern California The Great Wall of China The Tower of London m Các lo i đ a danh khác: coats, swamps, collections of lakes, bridges, pagodas, institutes, or extraordinary works of art or architecture The Mona Lisa The Colosseum n THE + tên qu c gia có  G m nhi u ph n/ s nhi u: the Philippines, The Netherlands, The Great Britain  V ng qu c (kingdom): United Kingdom  N c c ng hòa (Republic): the Czech Republic, the Dominican Republic  G m nhi u bang (State): the United States THE + t ch tr t t / th t Hocmai.vn – Ngôi tr ng chung c a h c trò Vi t T ng đài t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Khóa h c Luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Môn Ti ng Anh (Cô Nguy t Ca) M ot "the first", "the second", "the third", "the next", "the last", "the previous", "the following", "the penultimate", etc THE + a singular noun (making generalizations about certain topics) - musical instruments (the piano, the guitar, the flute) - plants (the coconut palm, the saguaro, the baobab) - animals (the leopard, the elephant, the lowland gorilla) - inventions (the steam engine, the plane, the light bulb) - currencies (the dollar, the euro, the yen) - body parts (the head, the eye, the ear) Examples: - I play the piano - The sequoia tree is native to California - The dolphin is a very intelligent animal - The Wright brothers invented the airplane - Right now, the euro is stronger than the dollar - Cheryl got poked in the eye THE + m t s b nh Generally, articles are not used with the names of illnesses or diseases Examples: - Dr Smith visits schools and universities to educate students on AIDS - Oncologists are doctors who specialize in treating cancer - There are several medications that can be used to treat malaria HOWEVER: There are some illnesses which require THE - the measles - the flu - the mumps - the bubonic plague THE + tên dòng h THE can be used with plural family names to refer to the family as a group Examples: - The Robinsons love to vacation in Florida - The Shinoharas are originally from Japan - My brother lives next door to the Jacksons 10 THE + m t tính t THE can be combined with certain adjectives to refer to a group of people such as "the blind", "the elderly", "the rich", "the French", "the Sioux", etc Examples: - He is elderly ADJECTIVE - The organization helps the elderly ELDERLY PEOPLE REMEMBER: This is especially important in situations where nationalities or ethnic groups and their languages might be confused In such situations, THE is used to specify that we are talking about the nationality or ethnic group rather than the language Examples: - I like French LANGUAGE - I like the French THE F RENCH PEOPLE Hocmai.vn – Ngôi tr ng chung c a h c trò Vi t T ng đài t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Khóa h c Luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Môn Ti ng Anh (Cô Nguy t Ca) M ot THE + time expression Time expressions can be especially confusing THE is used in some time expressions such as: - in the morning - in the afternoon - in the evening - during the night - during the day - the day before yesterday - the day after tomorrow - the fall - the summer IV HOW TO USE “ZERO ARTICLES” Không dùng m o t tr ng h p sau: Tên l c đ a Africa Asia Europe South America Tên n c, ti u bang Vietnam Japan Germany California * Tên thành ph Cairo, NewYork, London * The Hague ( Hà Lan) Tên h Lake Michigan Lake Victoria Lake Superior Các tòa nhà công c ng Boston University Oxford University (the Oxford University) Hull Station (the Hull Station) Salisbury Cathedral (the Salisbury Cathedral) Kennedy Airport Pearson International Airport Penn Station Buckingham Palace Hyde Park * the White House the Royal Palace Tên t t p chí New Sientist L u ý: Tên t báo có the The Times The Washington Post Tên ngân hàng First Interstate Bank Citibank Western bank Tên đ ng ph , đ i l , qu ng tr ng New Street Fifth Avenue Broadway Wilshire Boulevard Red Square Piccadilly Circus c m t sau To/at/from school, college, church, work At/ from house To/ in (to)/ out of hospital, prison, bed To/ in (to)/ from town\ On holiday at Christmas at Easter In spring/ summer (in the spring/ summer) Hocmai.vn – Ngôi tr ng chung c a h c trò Vi t T ng đài t v n: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | - Khóa h c Luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Môn Ti ng Anh (Cô Nguy t Ca) M ot At night/ noon by car/ bus/ train/ plane On foot on Monday/ Tuesday At/ after breakfast/ lunch/ dinner All day all night all week all year All winter all summer Giáo viên: Nguy t Ca Ngu n Hocmai.vn – Ngôi tr ng chung c a h c trò Vi t T ng đài t v n: 1900 58-58-12 : Hocmai.vn - Trang | -