Chuyên đề luuyện thi THPT QG tiếng anh p2

MỤC LỤC MỤC LỤC……………………………………………… ……….…… THÔNG TIN CHUNG VỀ CHUYÊN ĐỀ .3 PHẦN I PHẦN MỞ ĐẦU………………………………………….… PHẦN II PHẦN NỘI DUNG A ĐOẠN VĂN LÀ GÌ? I Định nghĩa…………………………………………………………………6 II Cấu trúc ………………………………………………………………… Câu chủ đề…………………………………………………….………… Câu phát triển ý…………………………………………… ………….11 Câu kết luận…………………………………………………… ……… 16 III Tính thống đoạn văn…………………………………17 IV Tính mạch lạc đoạn văn……………………………………17 V Các bước để viết đoạn văn…………………………………………18 Trước viết……………………………………………………………….18 Trong viết……………………………………………………………… 21 Sau viết…………………………………………………………….… 22 B BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG I Bài tập riêng phần đoạn văn……………………………… 23 II Bài tập luyện viết SGK 12 bản………………………………… 26 III Viết đoạn văn đề thi THPTQG biểu điểm…………………….…34 PHẦN III – PHẦN KẾT LUẬN……………………………………………36 THÔNG TIN CHUNG VỀ CHUYÊN ĐỀ Tên chuyên đề: Kỹ dạy viết đoạn văn tiếng anh cho học sinh lớp 12 (Techniques of teaching an English paragraph writing) Lĩnh vực áp dụng chuyên đề: Chuyên đề viết chủ yếu nhằm áp dụng cho lĩnh vực dạy viết đoạn văn cho học sinh lớp 12 ôn thi THPT Quốc Gia Ngoài ra, chuyên đề áp dụng cho việc dạy viết đoạn văn cho học sinh lớp 12 ôn thi học sinh giỏi phổ thông Thời gian áp dụng chuyên đề: Chuyên đề áp dụng cho lớp 12 suốt năm học, đặc biệt giai đoạn ôn thi THPT QG ôn thi học sinh giỏi Tác giả: Họ tên: Tạ Thị Hải Quỳnh Ngày sinh: 03-01-1985 Trình độ chuyên môn: Cử nhân Chức vụ công tác: Giáo viên Nơi làm việc: Trường THPT Đội Cấn Điện thoại: 0989948908 Email: tthquynhdoican0301@gmail.com Đơn vị áp dụng chuyên đề: Tên đơn vị: Trường THPT Đội Cấn Địa chỉ: Xã Tam Phúc- huyện Vĩnh Tường- tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc Điện thoại: Điều kiện hoàn cảnh tạo chuyên đề: Do thay đổi cấu trúc đề thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh từ năm 2014 yêu cầu thực tế môn kì thi học sinh giỏi; bên cạnh đó, thực trạng dạy học viết đoạn văn gặp nhiều khó khăn nên muốn góp phần nhỏ bé nhằm cải thiện thực trạng Chuyên đề giúp giáo viên dạy viết tìm cách dạy phù hợp với đối tượng học sinh phù hợp với yêu cầu cụ thể mục tiêu đề NỘI DUNG CHUYÊN ĐỂ A ĐOẠN VĂN LÀ GÌ? I ĐỊNH NGHĨA Một đoạn văn (a paragraph) loạt câu phát triển, ủng hộ, chứng minh ý đó, ý thường câu chủ đề (topic sentence) đoạn văn Các câu lại (supporting sentences) phát triển, giải thích, minh họa cho câu chủ đề Câu kết luận (concluding sentence), câu thường đứng cuối đoạn văn, câu khẳng định lại câu chủ đề, tóm tắt lại ý đoạn văn cách khác Đoạn văn mẫu chủ đề: “Advantages of television” There are several reasons why television is one of the most beneficial inventions of human Firstly, television helps us to learn more about the Worland to know and see many new things For example, you can learn about various cultures around the world just by sitting on a couch Moreover, television can make things memorable because it presents information in an effective way Secondly, television entertains us as watching it is an enjoyable way to relax Music and film, for instance, are one of the most frequently watched programs on TV Furthermore, it increases the popularity of sports and games Finally, it makes us aware of our global responsibilities This can be seen in developed and peaceful countries whose citizens become increasingly well-informed about the victims living under the constant threat in warring nations In conclusion, television has bringing about many benefits because it is not only a source of information and a means of entertainment but also a constant reminder of our duty to make a better world Đoặn văn có bố cục sau: Câu 1: “There are several reasons why television is one of the most beneficial inventions of human.” câu chủ đề (topic sentence) đoặn văn Từ câu đến câu 7: “Firstly, television helps us to learn more about the Worland to know and see many new things For example, you can learn about various cultures around the world just by sitting on a couch Moreover, television can make things memorable because it presents information in an effective way Secondly, television entertains us as watching it is an enjoyable way to relax Music and film, for instance, are one of the most frequently watched programs on TV Furthermore, it increases the popularity of sports and games Finally, it makes us aware of our global responsibilities This can be seen in developed and peaceful countries whose citizens become increasingly well-informed about the victims living under the constant threat in warring nations.” Là câu phát triển ý (supporting sentences) cho câu chủ đề Câu cuối: “In conclusion, television has bringing about many benefits because it is not only a source of information and a means of entertainment but also a constant reminder of our duty to make a better world.” câu kết luận (concluding sentence) II CẤU TRÚC MỘT ĐOẶN VĂN CẤU TRÚC MỘT ĐOẶN VĂN 1 Câu chủ đề (Topic sentence) 2 Câu phát triển ý (Supporting sentences)  Câu phát triển ý 1(Supporting sentence 1) Lý do, ví dụ, thực tế, số liệu…(Reasons, examples, facts, statistics,…)  Câu phát triển ý 2(Supporting sentence 2) Lý do, ví dụ, thực tế, số liệu…(Reasons, examples, facts, statistics,…)  Câu phát triển ý 3(Supporting sentence 3) Lý do, ví dụ, thực tế, số liệu…(Reasons, examples, facts, statistics,…) 3 Câu kết luận (Concluding sentence) CẤU TRÚC MỘT ĐOẶN VĂN THỂ HIỆN TRÊN VĂN BẢN Một đoặn văn có phần (A paragraph has THREE basic parts) Câu chủ đề - Nêu ý đoạn văn - Đứng đầu đoặn văn There are several reasons why television is one of the most beneficial inventions of human Firstly, television helps us to learn more about the Worland to know and see many new things For example, you can learn about various cultures around the world just by sitting on a couch Moreover, television can make things memorable because it presents information in an Câu phát triển ý effective way Secondly, television entertains us - Giải thích câu chủ đề cách as watching it is an enjoyable way to relax Music đưa chi tiết, ví dụ, thực tế… and film, for instance, are one of the most - Có sử dụng từ nối frequently watched programs on TV Furthermore, it increases the popularity of sports and games Finally, it makes us aware of our global responsibilities This can be seen in developed and peaceful countries whose citizens become increasingly well-informed about the victims living under the constant threat in warring Câu kết luận - Kết thúc đoạn văn cách nêu lại ý đưa nhận xét chủ để - Đứng cuối đoạnvăn nations In conclusion, television has bringing about many benefits because it is not only a source of information and a means of entertainment but also a constant reminder of our duty to make a better world CHI TIẾT HÓA CẤU TRÚC MỘT ĐOẶN VĂN Câu chủ đề (Topic sentence) 1.1 Định nghĩa Câu chủ đề câu thường đứng đầu đoạn, câu:  Cho biết chủ đề đoạn văn  Tổng quát đoạn văn  Giới hạn chủ đề thành nhiều chủ đề nhỏ, cụ thể (controlling ideas), mà chủ đề nhỏ thảo luận khuân khổ đoạn văn Nói cách khác, câu lại đoạn văn giải thích, định nghĩa, làm rõ, minh họa ý cụ thể Nói tóm lại, câu chủ đề thường có hai phần chính: chủ đề (topic) chủ đề nhỏ (controlling ideas) Topic sentence • Introduces the topic in the paragraph • Is the most general sentence in the paragraph • Contains controlling ideas that the following sentences in the paragraph will explain/ define/ clarify/ illustrate * A controlling idea is a word or phrase that the reader can ask questions about: How? Why? In what ways? What does that mean? 1.1.1 Chủ đề (topic) - Là chủ đề nêu câu đầu đoạn văn câu quan trọng đoạn - Chủ đề nêu vắn tắt nội dung mà đoạn văn trình bày 1.1.2 Ý tưởng chủ đạo (the controlling idea) - Thường đề cập câu chủ đề - Lật mở trọng tâm đoạn văn - Giới hạn chủ đề đoạn văn thành vấn đề cụ thể 1.2 Ví dụ minh họa  The conical leaf hat is one of the typical features of the Vietnamese culture Topic: conical leaf hat Controlling ideas: What is it? (typical feature of the Vietnamese culture), In what way is it typical?  It is very difficult to be alone in a foreign country Topic: to be alone Controlling idea: difficult in a foreign country Why? In what ways?  Learning a second language creates job opportunities Topic: Learning a second language Controlling idea: creates job opportunities 1.3 Thực hành viết câu chủ đề Viết câu chủ đề cho chủ đề sau (Write the topic sentence for the following topics.) Topic 1: How to protect endangered species? Animals which are on the verge of extinction can be saved by the efforts from all individuals and the government Topic 2: Should students volunteer work? Doing volunteer work among students is very beneficial to not only the students themselves but also society as a whole Topic 3: The measures to reduce domestic violence Stricter laws and better education about marriage and happiness are the two ways that can ease the problem of family violence now Câu phát triển ý (Supporting sentence) II.1 Định nghĩa: Câu phát triển ý (supporting sentences) câu chứng minh cho câu chủ đề Vì vậy, chúng cung cấp thông tin chi tiết hơn, giải thích, minh họa ví dụ (examples) kiện (facts), số liệu (statistics) trích dẫn (quotations) kinh nghiệm cá nhân (personal experience) Supporting sentences Develop the topic sentence by giving - Reasons Examples Facts Statistics quotations II.2 Cách viết câu phát triển ý Sau viết xong câu chủ đề (topic sentence), phải phát triển ý nêu câu chủ đề Điều có nghĩa phải thêm thông tin để giải thích điều mà nói lúc đầu Có nhiều cách để làm điều này, ba cách chung để phát triển ý viết II.2.1.Chi tiết (Details) Chi tiết điểm cụ thể nói rõ ý chung (Details are specific points that tell more about a general statement.) Ví dụ: Đoạn văn “A football match” The football match I saw last week in Vinh Tuong stadium was the most memorable It was held between the two teams of our school team and Tam Phuc teenager football team The name of the two teams was red team and green team I was the supporter of the red team The game was organized last Sunday The weather was very nice and favorable The referee and the players entered the field in time The game was begun just at 4.30 p.m The referee blew off his whistle and the game started Both the teams were equally strong Both the teams played hard but there was no goal in the first half After the leisure, the game was begun again The players of the two teams were trying hard to get the ball After 20 minutes of the second half, the red team was able to get the ball There were loud cheers of joy in the midst of the spectators There was wild excitement on both sides The winner was my school team with the score of to I enjoyed the game very much Indeed, it was a very exciting game It gave me much pleasure I shall never forget the game Câu chủ đề là: The football match I saw last week in Vinh Tuong stadium was the most memorable Chi tiết đưa ra: - weather: very favorable - which teams taking part: my school and Tam Phuc teenager - score: 3-2 - attitude: myself and other fans - player’s spirits: very high - scorers: - The most impressive point II.2.2 Giải thích (Explanation) Giải thích nói nghĩa đươc làm (An explanation tells what something means or how something works.) Ví dụ: Câu chủ đề: Charity work helps to build a better community Ở phần thân trả lời câu hỏi sau: “Why does charity work help to build a better community?” Câu hỏi đươc trả lời cách giải thích lý vì: + better relationship among people + ease sufferings + build up belief in future life II.2.3.Ví dụ (Example) Một ví dụ người, địa điểm, điều đó, kiện cụ thể để hỗ trợ ý tưởng hay lời nói (An example is a specific person, place, thing, event that supports an idea or statement.) Ví dụ: Đoạn văn có chứa ví dụ từ trải nghiệm tác giả (The following paragraph includes an example from the writer’s own experience.) Even when a first date is a disaster, a couple can still become good friends For example, my first date with Hung was terrible I thought he was coming to pick me up at 6:30, but instead he came at 6:00 I didn’t have time to fix my hair, and my make-up looked sloppy When I got into his car, I scraped my leg against the car door and tore my stocking Next, he took me to an Italian restaurant for dinner, and I accidentally dropped some spaghetti on my shirt Then we went to a movie Greg asked me which movie I wanted to see, and I chose a romantic comedy He fell asleep during the movie, and I got angry Now that Greg and I are good friends, we can look back and laugh at how terrible that first date was! II.3 Cách sử dụng từ nối (connectors) Các câu phát triển câu chủ đề phải viết cách có logic phải liên kết với từ nối thích hợp (appropriate connectors) II.3.1.Từ nối ý phát triển (Connectors between supporting ideas) Sequencing/ Table of connectors First of all, First(ly), Initially, To begin with; Second(ly); Listing Third(ly); Next; Then; After that (this); Following this (that); Finally; The first reason is…/ The second is…; Last but not least… Adding to what Also, Furthermore, In addition, Additionally, Moreover, you have said Besides, As well as, Similarly, not only…but also…, even Contrasting beside this/ that In contrast to this, On the contrary, In contrast, Conversely, On the other hand, While, Whereas, However, Despite/ In Expressing spite of, Although, Even though, Otherwise, Nonetheless Similarly; Likewise, In the same way similarity Showing results As a result, As a consequence, Consequently, Hence, Thus, đề, sử dụng kiện, số liệu, thống kê ví dụ bạn sử dụng câu chuyện, giai thoại dấu ngoặc kép để viết câu phát triển ý Viết cách gì, miễn có liên quan Xét độ dài, viết từ 5-7 câu phát triển ý thường đủ để truyền tải điểm hỗ trợ đầy đủ cho câu chủ đề với đoạn văn yêu cầu viết từ 150-160 từ Ví dụ: First, Canada has an excellent health care system All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price Second, Canada has a high standard of education Students are taught by well- trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying a university Finally, Canada’s cities are clean and efficiently managed Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live 2.3 Viết câu kết luận Câu kết luận câu cuối đoạn văn, câu tóm tắc tất ý viết trước Một câu kết luận tốt củng cố lại ý tưởng nêu câu chủ đề cách viết khác Câu kết luận câu khiến người đọc không nghi ngờ độ xác phù hợp đoạn văn Ví dụ: As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live Như vậy, đoạn văn mẫu chủ đề “Canada is the best place to live” viết sau: There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world First, Canada has an excellent health care system All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price Second, Canada has a high standard of education Students are taught by well- trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying a university Finally, Canada’s cities are clean and efficiently managed Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live Sau viết (Post- writing) Giáo viên chữa cho học sinh cách:  Yêu cầu học sinh chữa lỗi cho theo cặp  Gọi số học sinh đọc viết viết lên bảng  Đánh giá, nhận xét viết học sinh  Chữa lỗi về: Cấu trúc, câu chủ đề, ý phát triển, từ nối, câu kết luận, lỗi từ vựng, ngữ pháp…  Đưa gợi ý thể cải thiện viết học sinh  Có thể đưa mẫu dựa viết học sinh B BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG (applying writing exercises) I Bài tập áp dụng phần đoạn văn Exercise Xác định chủ đề ý chủ đạo (Identifying topic and controlling idea): Ở câu chủ đề đây, khoang tròn chủ đề gạch chân ý chủ đạo Protecting endangered animals are very important Students can gain a lot from reading Family is the best place for each of us Đáp án (Key): Protecting endangered animals are very important Students can gain a lot from reading Family is the best place for each of us Exercise Xác định câu chủ đề (Identifying good topic sentences): Xác định câu sau có ý chủ đạo hay I am going to write about my country Videos games are not bad for children A large proportion of women nowadays still suffer from domestic violence Key: Câu1 câu câu chủ đề hay có chứa ý chủ đạo giới hạn hẹp phù hợp Câu câu chủ đề hay ý chủ đạo rộng, đoạn văn thảo luận phát triển cho chủ đề Exercise Xác định câu chủ đề câu phát triển ý (Identifying topic sentence and supporting sentences) Viết TS trước câu chủ đề (topic sentence) SS trước câu phát triển ý (supporting sentences) Relaxation is another benefit that music brings about Music helps many people earn a great deal of money Music plays a very important part in our daily life Cultural exchange will become more effective with the help of music Key: _SS _ Relaxation is another benefit that music brings about _SS _ Music helps many people earn a great deal of money _TS _ Music plays a very important part in our daily life _SS _ Cultural exchange will become more effective with the help of music Exercise Xác định câu phát triển ý (supporting sentences) câu kêt luận (concluding sentences) Viết SS trước câu phát triển ý (supporting sentences) CS trước câu kết luận (concluding sentence) Topic sentence: Looking for a job is very difficult these days The number of applicants for each is very big Interviews are so challenging for candidates It is really hard to find a suitable job Most of the jobs are now very demanding Key: Looking for a job is very difficult these days _SS _ The number of applicants for each is very big _SS _ Interviews are so challenging for candidates _CS _ It is really hard to find a suitable job _SS _ Most of the jobs are now very demanding Exercise Recognizing unity in supporting sentences Read the following topic sentence Put a cross next to each sentence below that supports the topic sentence “It is easy to get a sports injury” _ Many people enjoy sports _ Runners often have problems with their ankles and knees _ basketball players can break their fingers or get knocked over by another player _ many people make the simple mistake of joining a gym, and then they never go there to exercise Key: It is easy to get a sports injury _1 Many people enjoy sports _X Runners often have problems with their ankles and knees _X Basketball players can break their fingers or get knocked over by another player Many people make the simple mistake of joining a gym, and then they never go there to exercise Exercise Developing unity Write two supporting sentences for each of the following topic sentences Computers are useful in many ways Students learning abroad may have certain difficulties Suggested answers: Computers are useful in many ways - Computers are very helpful in storing data - We can relax in a very convenient way with a computer Students learning abroad may have certain difficulties - They may find it very difficult to communicate with native speakers because of language barrier - Their health may suffer because of unfamiliar climate Exercise Developing supporting sentences Look at this simple outline and develop supporting sentences into a good body of a paragraph Playing sports after school is very beneficial to students a It helps reduce stress after hard work b It keeps students from social evils c It helps to build up sense of solidarity In conclusion, students can gain both physical and mental benefits from doing sports Exercise Writing a concluding sentence: The paragraph below is incomplete because the concluding sentence is missing Read the paragraph and write the concluding sentence Reading books proves to be very beneficial to all of us In the first place, it helps to widen our knowledge We can know a lot more about school subjects And we acquire various necessary skills such as how to keep pets or how to cook a dish Another benefit of reading is that it is a valuable source of entertainment Interestingly, we can relax with a small book after a stressful day of hard work Similarly, children can find a lot of fun in comic books or picture ones One more very important advantage that reading offers us is our personality improvement Our reading means that we become more patient because reading takes us a such a lot of time Moreover, through pages of books, we can learn a lot from characters, for example, their endurance, bravery or sense of optimism like Remi in “No family” by Hector Malot Suggested answer: In conclusion, through books, we can improve our life a lot due to the effects they have on us Bài tập theo chủ đề Sách giáo khoa 12 Exercise 1: What rules you have to observe in your family? Write a short paragraph about them (Unit1 – Family life) Some suggestions for writing: Useful language - Allow /permit someone to something Be allowed/permitted to something Let someone something Must (not) something Have to something Be supposed to some thing Should (not)/Ought(not) to something The following ideas may help you However, you not need to include all Just choose those that interest you or apply in your case • • • • Punctuality (time to leave and return home, or to attend other occasions, ) Responsibilities (preparing meals, doing household chores, …) Socializing (going out, making friends, holding parties, ) Entertaining (watching TV, using the internet, ) Complete the notes below: Topic sentence: Supporting sentence _ Supporting sentence Supporting sentence Concluding sentence: Suggested writing: Our family has strict rules that we have to observe closely First of all, we are not allowed to be late for any family gathering Be it a family member’s birthday party or an anniversary, we have to be on time whatever we are doing I remember once being twenty minutes late for my brother’s birthday party After the party was over, not only was I scolded by my father but also had to stand facing the wall for two hours Second, we must not talk on the phone or have guests after 10p.m as this is the set time that we are supposed to go to bed Therefore, if there are unexpected calls at this time, we choose either not to answer the phone or to tell the caller to phone back earlier the next day Third, even though we have every right to choose and make friends with any person we like, we cannot go out late at night If any of our family members breaks this rule, he or she will have to say goodbye to the person he or she has gone out with This is a strict rule, but we have to obey because my father never changes his mind once he has made it up In conclusion, our family rules are strict but useful They have trained us to become well-behaved and disciplined _ Exercise 2: Write a paragraph of about 150 words on the formal school system in Vietnam, starting with this topic sentence (Unit – School education system) The formal school system in Vietnam is composed of two levels education: primary and secondary education Suggested writing: The formal school system in Vietnam is composed of two levels education: primary and secondary education Primary school begins when a child turns six, and lasts for four years; that is, he or she finishes her of his primary education at the age of ten Then secondary education opens up The child starts his or her lower secondary with grade when he or she is eleven years old, and stays on until the age of fourteen (grade 9) At the end of grade 9, the child says goodbye to lower secondary school and moves on with upper secondary school as long as he or she passes a grade 10 entrance exam Success in this exam will guarantee him or her a place at an upper secondary school, which is supposed to last three years In other words, upon finishing grade 12, the child completes his or her formal education _ Exercise 3: Many animals are in danger Write a paragraph of about 150 words about measures to protect these endangered species (Unit 10 – Endangered species) Before you write, complete the notes below: Topic sentence: Supporting sentence _ Supporting sentence Supporting sentence Concluding sentence: Suggested writing: Nowadays many wild animals are declining at an alarming rate Therefore, unless immediate actions are taken to save these endangered species, the situation will get worse Firstly, the government should seek proper ways to help poor people living near endangered animals’ habitat so that they will not resort to animals for food and income Specifically, creating jobs for them is very crucial Secondly, banning the trading of animal products should be considered a must As people keep buying these products, more and more animals will be killed to meet this demand Next, reconstructing animals’ natural habitats is also a sound solution Take wildlife habitat reserves, for example These are good places where threatened animals are safe from human intervention Last, but not least, raising human beings’ awareness of conversation needs is of great importance People should be educated not to release chemicals, not to ear rare animals and not to pollute the environment; otherwise as many animals and their natural habitats disappear, the biodiversity that human beings depends on will be lost As a result, we will be the next species to decline In conclusion, we should take appropriate measures to protect and save vulnerable species surrounding us Exercise 3: Describe the world you’d like to live in in the future Write a paragraph of about 150 – 180 words (Unit – Women in society ) Before you write, complete the notes below: Topic sentence: Supporting sentence _ Supporting sentence Supporting sentence Concluding sentence: Suggested writing: The world I would like to live in would be a world of equality, understanding, and prosperity First of all, I wish to live I a world where equality is granted to everybody In other words, everyone would have equal access to education, work, medical care, and personal and professional development Understanding is another element that I wish my ideal world would have I mean it would be a place where people understand each other because understand is the base on which other things are built up Understanding would result in sympathy, cooperation, and development Finally, I dream of a prosperous world where people would enjoy economic success, high living standards, and good social welfare There would no longer be poor people struggling to live every day Instead, there would be more and more people with good income, and the needed will receive proper care from the government and society In brief, equality, understanding, and prosperity are three factors that make up my ideal world in the future Exercise 4: Which international organization would you like to work for and why? Write a paragraph of about 150- 200 words (Unit 14 – International organizations) Before you write, complete the notes below: Topic sentence: _ _ Supporting sentence _ Supporting sentence _ Supporting sentence _ Concluding sentence: _ _ Suggested writing: I would like to work for WTO (World Trade Organization) for three reasons Firstly, its commitments to liberalizing international trade and dealing with trade rules and agreements really impress me What WTO has done has resulted in a free and open environment for all nations to compete commercially In this way, it also works towards creating equality in a global society Secondly, WTO offers a good environment for me to improve my English As it is an international organization, English is obviously the communication medium Therefore, through work and contact with people of different nationalities, I will be able to enhance my speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Thirdly, I wish to work for WTO for trade and law are my areas of interest I enjoy negotiating rules and seeing how people implement them Thus, it is an environment where I can use my knowledge intensively and grow professionally In short, WTO would be ideal for me because of not only its commitments but also its being a good environment for me to work and use my English Exercise 5: Write a paragraph about difficulties that are encountered by women in modern society Suggested writing: Despite living in a very modern world, females seem to be suffering from numerous difficulties To begin with, they have to struggle against increasing stress This stress can be first found in their endless daily housework, which is very boring and tiring Women are also under a lot of pressure to get career achievement Another difficulty is gender inequality Sadly, a great number of females are still victims of domestic violence from their own husbands or sons Additionally, these women are vulnerable to their employers as they are badly paid for the same workload as men Gender discrimination is also found in their lower status despite their ability The last problem met by this fragile sex is their failure of self-control This can be proved by their worse behaviors such as drinking too much or sexual actions, leading to dangerous diseases or continuous scandals In brief, females still face up to a lot of problems from themselves, their families and society _ Exercise 6: What are the advantages of reading books? Suggested writing: Reading books proves to be very beneficial to all of us In the first place, it helps to widen our knowledge We can know a lot more about school subjects And we acquire various necessary skills such as how to keep pets or how to cook a dish Another benefit of reading is that it is a valuable source of entertainment Interestingly, we can relax with a small book after a stressful day of hard work Similarly, children can find a lot of fun in comic books or picture ones One more very important advantage that reading offers us is our personality improvement Our reading means that we become more patient because reading takes us such a lot of time Moreover, through pages of books, we can learn a lot from characters, for example, their endurance, bravery or sense of optimism like Remi in “No family” by Hector Malot In conclusion, our life will be improved considerably thanks to the books we read _ Đề thi viết đoạn vănTHPT Quốc Gia (GCSE) “Write a paragraph of about 150 words about the benefits of doing exercises.” You may use the following prompts: - Reduce stress - Feel more confident - Control weight Thang điểm Mô tả tiêu chí đánh giá Bố cục • Câu đề dẫn chủ đề mạch lạc • Bố cục hợp lí rõ ràng phù hợp yêu cầu đề Điểm tối đa 0,40 • Bố cục uyển chuyển từ mở đến kết luận Phát triển ý 0,25 • Phát triển ý có trình tự logic • Có dẫn chứng, ví dụ, … đủ để bảo vệ ý kiến Sử dụng ngôn từ 0,30 • Sử dụng ngôn từ phù hợp với nội dung • Sử dụng ngôn từ văn phong/ thể loại • Sử dụng từ nối ý cho viết uyển chuyển Nội dung 0,30 • Đủ thuyết phụ người đọc • Đủ dẫn chứng, ví dụ, lập luận • Độ dài: Số từ không nhiều so với quy định 5% Ngữ pháp, dấu câu tả • Sử dụng dấu câu • Chính tả: Viết tả *Lỗi tả gây hiểu nhầm / sai lệch ý bị tính lỗi (trừ 1% điểm viết) * Cùng lỗi tả lặp lại tính lỗi • Sử dụng thời, thể, cấu trúc câu ngữ pháp Lỗi ngữ pháp gây hiểu nhầm / sai lệch ý bị tính lỗi (trừ 1% điểm viết) 0,25 Tổng 1,50 Bài viết mẫu Health, for long, has been considered to be the most valuable thing one possesses Improving health is to exercises, which gives us certain benefits First of all, doing exercise is to reduce stress People who exercise are likely to feel more relaxed, healthier, and of course happier Doing regular exercise helps the body produce happier chemicals that make the exercisers reduce the worries about life and work as well as forget the boredom and unhappiness Moreover, doing exercise helps us feel more self-confident We discover ourselves when taking part in sport events It is obvious that we will think positively, confidently, and lead an optimistic life if we practice exercising regularly Finally, controlling our weight effectively is another value of doing exercise Perspiration occurs when we exercise, which helps our bodies get rid of bad things inside Fats are burnt during our practicing exercise, which helps us to keep fit To sum up, doing exercise enables people to have good body- buildings, keep fit and brings exercisers many benefits Sparing time doing exercise will ensure us a longer, healthier and happier life THE END _ [...]... 2 Bài tập theo chủ đề Sách giáo khoa 12 cơ bản Exercise 1: What rules do you have to observe in your family? Write a short paragraph about them (Unit1 – Family life) Some suggestions for writing: Useful language - Allow /permit someone to do something Be allowed/permitted to do something Let someone do something Must (not) do something Have to do something Be supposed to do some thing Should (not)/Ought(not)... thời gian cho phép viết bài tránh trường hợp thi u thời gian, viết không đủ bố cục một đoạn văn Sau khi học sinh có một bản outline cho một đề tài, học sinh sẽ bắt đầu viết theo các bước nhỏ sau: 2.1 Viết câu chủ đề Viết câu chủ đề mang ý chính của đề tài sẽ thảo luận trong đoạn văn, nó sẽ có ý quan trọng nhất và có liên quan đến nội dung của bài viết Câu chủ đề nên đứng đầu để bắt đầu đoạn văn, vì nó... the books we read _ 3 Đề thi viết đoạn vănTHPT Quốc Gia (GCSE) “Write a paragraph of about 150 words about the benefits of doing exercises.” You may use the following prompts: - Reduce stress - Feel more confident - Control weight Thang điểm Mô tả tiêu chí đánh giá 1 Bố cục • Câu đề dẫn chủ đề mạch lạc • Bố cục hợp lí rõ ràng phù hợp yêu cầu của đề bài Điểm tối đa 0,40 • Bố cục uyển... domestic violence Key: Câu1 và câu 2 là câu chủ đề hay vì có chứa ý chủ đạo giới hạn hẹp và phù hợp Câu 3 không phải là câu chủ đề hay vì ý chủ đạo quá rộng, một đoạn văn không thể được thảo luận hết được các ý phát triển cho chủ đề này Exercise 3 Xác định câu chủ đề và câu phát triển ý (Identifying topic sentence and supporting sentences) Viết TS trước câu chủ đề (topic sentence) và SS trước câu phát triển... THỐNG NHẤT TRONG MỘT ĐOẠN VĂN (Unity within a paragraph) Điều cần thi t là một đoạn có sự thống nhất Nó có nghĩa là tất cả các câu hỗ trợ một ý tưởng duy nhất Điều này có thể được nhìn thấy như sau : • Các câu chủ đề của đoạn văn phải có MỘT ý tưởng chủ đạo • Các câu hỗ trợ tất cả phải hỗ trợ ý chủ đạo Nói cách khác tất cả các câu hỗ trợ phải phù hợp với chủ đề đang được thảo luận Điều này có thể... Cấu trúc, câu chủ đề, các ý phát triển, từ nối, câu kết luận, lỗi từ vựng, ngữ pháp…  Đưa ra các gợi ý thể cải thi n bài viết của học sinh  Có thể đưa ra bài mẫu dựa trên bài viết của học sinh B BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG (applying writing exercises) I Bài tập áp dụng về từng phần của một đoạn văn Exercise 1 Xác định chủ đề và ý chủ đạo (Identifying topic and controlling idea): Ở mỗi câu chủ đề dưới đây, hãy... thực hiện bằng các ví dụ, giải thích, chi tiết, các bước, hoặc các định nghĩa • Câu kết luận cần xác định lại ý chủ đạo trong câu chủ đề hoặc tóm tắt các ý chính trong phần thân của đoạn văn Câu kết luận không được giới thi u một chủ đề mới Ví dụ: Hãy tìm câu lạc đề ở trong đoạn văn sau Each of the Russian manned space exploration projects had specific major goals For example, the Vostok project was... nhiều ý tưởng càng tốt 1.2 Chọn lọc ý (Electing) - Chọn ý tưởng: chọn những ý hay nhất và có liên quan đến chủ đề - Thêm thông tin hay ý tưởng cần thi t 1.3 Lập dàn ý (Making an outline) Một dàn ý là danh sách các thông tin mà chúng ta sẽ sử dụng trong đoạn văn Một dàn ý nên:  Bắt đầu với câu chủ đề  Hiển thị cấu trúc của đoạn văn  Kết thúc bằng câu kết luận Một dàn ý có vai trò quan trọng trong việc... guests after 10p.m as this is the set time that we are supposed to go to bed Therefore, if there are unexpected calls at this time, we choose either not to answer the phone or to tell the caller to phone back earlier the next day Third, even though we have every right to choose and make friends with any person we like, we cannot go out late at night If any of our family members breaks this rule, he or she... chủ đề tốt, một câu kết luận tốt  Viết từng phần của một đoạn văn riêng lẻ trước, sau đó viết toàn bộ một đoạn văn  Khi có kỹ năng viết câu chủ đề, câu kết luận và làm đề cương, học sinh nên tìm hiểu làm thế nào để phát triển câu hỗ trợ Điều này là quan trọng vì các câu hỗ trợ phải đảm bảo sự thống nhất và liên kết chặt chẽ với nhau  Khi viết bài, học sinh chú ý cấu trúc câu, từ vựng hợp với chủ đề,