MỤC LỤC STT Nội dung Trang Danh mục sách tham khảo Lí chọn chuyên đề báo cáo Giải vấn đề học sinh Phương pháp giúp học sinh phân biệt cách sử dụng từ, cặp từ, cụm từ, cấu trúc dễ gây nhầm lẫn Phân biệt cách sử dụng từ, cặp từ, cụm từ, cấu trúc dễ gây nhầm lẫn Bài tập áp dụng Đáp án Lời cảm ơn 40 DANH MỤC TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO Những từ dễ nhầm lẫn Tiếng Anh - The Windy - NXB Từ điển Bách khoa Longman Preparation course for the TOFLE TEST - Deborah Phillips 40 Bộ đề kiểm tra trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh 11 - Vĩnh Bá - NXB ĐHSP 25 Đề thi trắc nghiệm Tiếng Anh - Lưu Hoằng Trí - NXB ĐHSP Kenhtuyeninh.vn zuni.vn SGK Tiếng Anh thí điểm 11 PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIÚP HỌC SINH PHÂN BIỆT CÁCH SỬ DỤNG ĐÚNG CÁC TỪ, CỤM TỪ, VÀ CÁC CẤU TRÚC DỄ GÂY NHẦM LẪN 1- Phân tích thành phần câu Giống tiếng mẹ đẻ, em cần biết phân tích thành phần câu để xác định xác từ loại cần thiết ngữ cảnh 2- Sử dụng từ điển Đây kĩ thiếu người học ngôn ngữ Nó giúp học sinh biết cách dùng mẫu văn cảnh dùng từ loại 3- So sánh với tiếng mẹ đẻ Phương pháp giúp học sinh dễ hiểu, dễ nhớ, nhớ lâu kiến thức đặc biệt cặp từ có cách dùng đối lập với từ tương ứng tiếng mẹ đẻ 4- Luyện tập cá nhân, cặp, nhóm Những phương pháp giúp em tương tác tốt với nhau, hỗ trợ sửa sai giúp PHÂN BIỆT CÁCH SỬ DỤNG ĐÚNG NHỮNG TỪ, CỤM TỪ, VÀ CẤU TRÚC DỄ GÂY NHẦM LẪN I Nhầm lần sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa (synonym) Ability: khả năng, lực Capability: lực tiềm tàng Capacity: sức chứa, công năng, công suất Ability: đùng để kiển thức kĩ cần có để làm việc Khi người có khả làm tốt việc dùng "ability” ♦ Her ability to persuade others made me surprised Capability: khả làm việc việc xác định khối lượng mức độ hoàn thành công việc ♦ These problems were out of my capability Capacity: dùng để xác định tính chất cần phải có để làm nhận việc “Capacity” sử dụng trịnh trọng “ability” ♦ He showed us his capacity always to see the other person's point of view Able: có thể, có khả Capable: - Able: dùng người ta có hiểu biết, kĩ tình thực điều ♦ They were able to increase the wages for employees - Capable: đùng người có kiến thức kỹ cần đề làm việc phù hợp với người ♦ She is capable of solving hard problems very quickly - “capable” dùng với danh từ cảm xúc hay hành động ♦ I thought she was capable of reticence but in fact, she was joyful - “capable of’: dùng đề xe cộ, máy móc làm ♦ Solar energy is capable of producing electricity - Khi dùng “able” “capable” hàm ý công việc thực cách thông minh hai từ khác biệt cho ♦ The very able man discovered a new land ♦ I'm sure you are having a capable boss Above; over: - Cả “above” “over” dùng để vị trí độ cao Nếu có hai vật, vật cao vật đường nối hai vật đường thẳng dùng “above” ♦ The trees rose above the houses Over: dùng để hành động ngang qua đến phía cuối vật ♦ The birds were flying over the roof - “above" “over” dùng để chức vụ tương quan với người khác Khi người có chức vụ cao người khác dùng "above", lệnh dẫn cho dùng “over" ♦ She looked at me as if she were in a position above me - “above” ;íover” dùng để điểm cao điểm khác, đặc biệt điểm mốc cân ♦ His above six feet makes me surprised - "above” “over” dùng cho vật thẳng đứng phía vật khác ♦ We the fan above the table Accident, incident: rủi ro, tai nạn, cố, kiện - Accident: việc xảy bất ngờ, không dự tính trước thường việc xấu ♦ Someone rammed the back of my car It was an unfortunate accident - Incident: kiện xảy đơn lẻ, tốt xấu ♦ There was an unpleasant incident on the train this morning when a drunk attacked one of the passengers Accuse: tố cáo, cáo giác Charge: buộc tội, kết tội - Accuse: tố cáo làm sai trái, vi phạm pháp luật phải đưa tòa : ♦ He was accused of stealing the bicycle - Charge: dùng kết tội phạm tội sau có đủ chứng cáo buộc họ Bên cạnh đó, “charge ’ dùng để kết tội người không hoàn thành bổn phận cùa hay dối trá chuyện ♦ Even some senior officials were arrested and charged with corruption Ache, hurt, pain: đau nhức, đau đớn - Ache: cảm thấy đau âm ỉ, đau không dứt ♦ Mv head aches - Hurt: cảm thấv đau, vết thương ♦ My head hurts - Pain: cảm thấy đau lòng ♦ It pains me to recall my schooldays Actual: thực Real: thực - Actual: dùng để nhấn mạnh việc, hành động hay nơi chốn mà người nói đề cập đến có thực ♦ The actual cost of that product is $4, not $3 - Actual: đứng trước danh từ không đứng sau động từ “to be” ♦ They had turned the open-air market to an actual super market - Real: dùng để vật hữu thực dó tưởng tượng tạo hay tồn lý thuyết ♦ What I want to see now is your real actions not your words - Real: đứng sau động từ trạng thái ♦ Her pain seemed to be real Actually: thực, thực Really: thực sự, thật - Actually: dùng đề cập đên thật trái hẳn với điều mà người khác nghĩ nói ♦ Lan is actually talkative - Actually: dùng để nhấn mạnh ngạc nhiên đặt đứng trước câu người nói tỏ ngạc nhiên ♦ He actually felt despair and began to cry - Really: thường sử dụng lúc đối thoại để nhấn mạnh điều bạn nói ♦ I really hope that I'll meet you again - Really: dùng trước tính từ hay trạng từ ♦ The life in the countryside is really peaceful Admission: gia nhập, việc vào Admittance: việc vào - Admission: dùng để việc vào nơi công cộng nhà hát, bảo tàng, bệnh viện ♦ Admission to national museums is free for children under 10 Trẻ em 10 tuổi vào bảo tàng quốc gia miễn phí - Admittance: dùng để việc vào nhà riêng Từ dùng để viết bảng hiệu ♦ I wondered how he gained the admittance to my house Tôi tự hỏi làm cách mà vào nhà 10 Afflict; inflict: gây đau khổ, làm khổ - Afflict: dùng đề cập đến khó khăn, bệnh tật rủi ro gây nhiều đau khổ cho người Động từ dùng dạng bị động ♦ The cancer afflicted the old man all day - Inflict: dùng muốn gây khó khăn, đau đớn tổn thất cho người khác ♦ We don’t want to inflict our problems on you 11 "After' “behind” - After: sau (thời gian) ♦ She walked after watching a film on T.V - Behind: dùng đề vị trí vật đặt sau vật khác (không gian) ♦ The school is behind the stadium - "after' “behind” dùng sau động từ “walk” (đi) "run” (chạy) với nghĩa người trước người sau ♦ We have been running after her for ten minutes - After all (sau cùng): dùng nói đến điều thêm vào nhằm củng cố cho đỉều vừa nói đến ♦ I disagreed at first, but after all, I agreed - After all: (rốt cuộc, tóm lại): dùng để chi điều trái với khác hẳn người ta suy nghĩ trước ♦ After all, I had no idea of your plan 12 At last finally (sau cùng, rốt cuộc): dùng để việc mà bạn trông chờ lâu xảy - At last: đứng cuối câu, đầu câu ♦ She was persuaded at last - Finally: dùng đầu câu hay câu - giới hạn dấu (,) ♦ They finally got their parents' permission to join the art club 13 Altogether: hoàn toàn, toàn bộ, tổng cộng All together: - Altogether: trạng từ dùng để nhấn mạnh việc chấm dứt hoàn toàn thực trọn vẹn ♦ The room was so noisy and the silence stopped altogether Căn phòng ồn im lặng chấm dứt hoàn toàn - "altogether” dùng để nhấn mạnh tính chất người vật ♦ Their characters are altogether different - ‘‘altogether”: dùng để tổng kết việc bàn luận đến đánh giá cuối ♦Altogether, there must have been thousands of people on the square - All together: dùng để nói nhóm người hay vật bên làm việc với ♦ He recalled the days when his whole family was all together You can sit on any other chairs you like 14 Apart; away: cách - Apart dùng nối hai vật có khoảng cách Khoảng cách tính đến số người vật tập hợp ♦ I was standing somewhat apart from the rest Tôi đứng cách người khác chút - Away: dùng nói vật cách nguời hay vật khác xa người vật khoảng cách ♦ The sea is a mile away from the hotel 15 Bring, take: mang đưa - Bring: bạn bảo mang đến cho bạn tức họ di chuyển mang đến nơi bạn có mặt ♦ Please, bring me the pen! - Khi bạn mang người hay vật với bạn tức bạn có họ bên bạn ♦ The secretary brought him into the room of the director - Take: đem hay với từ chỗ đến chỗ khác ♦ She takes her children to school by car every day 16 Cry; shout; veil; scream: gào, thét, la hét weep; sob; wail; whimper: khóc - Cry: người, động vật, chim chóc tạo âm lớn không lời thể nỗi sợ hãi, đau đớn, buồn bực hay kích động ♦ She cried in pain when her tooth was pulled out - Shout: hét lên giận để thu hút ý người khác chỗ ồn ♦ She was very happy and shouted “Thank you!” to him but he only smiled and waved his hand - Veil: tạo tiếng thét chói tai đau đớn, sợ hãi kích động ♦ We heard him yelling for help - Khi nói với bạn cách giận dữ, bạn dùng “yell at” ♦ I yelled at Lan to hang on - Scream: hét lên đau, sợ hãi bị kích động Đó tiếng kêu to, chói tai ♦ The baby woke up screaming - Khi “scream” dùng cho máy móc, có nghĩa “tiếng kêu rít lên” ♦ The hurricane screamed outside ♦ Her face felt raw with weeping She was sick and dizzy with grief - Sob: khóc với hít thở bất bình thường gây tiếng động thường gắn liền với đau khổ (khóc nức nở) ♦ Behind me, I could hear Mai sobbing in helpless - Wail: khóc kéo dài, âm ỉ khổ đau phiền muộn ♦ The mourners were wailing loudly - Whimper: rên rỉ khóc thầm, có sợ hãi đau đớn ♦ He was whimpering in pain 17 Cure: heal Recover: chữa, bình phục - Cure: bệnh nhân bác sĩ chữa chữa trị theo phương cách người thấy khỏe ♦ He took the boy to a special doctor and had his eye infection cured - Khi danh từ, “cure” chất hay cách chữa bệnh (phương thuốc) ♦ Nobody would deny the value of the work being done to find a cure for cancer Không phù nhận giá trị công việc tiến hành nhằm tìm loại thuốc chữa ung thư - Heal: chữa lành người bệnh, bạn hàm ý người dùng phương pháp “chữa bệnh thay thê” để điều trị bệnh nhân ♦ He had been miraculously healed of his illness - Khi vết thương bị đứt hay chân gãy, bạn dùng động từ “heal” ♦ The cut soon healed over, but it left a scar 18 Describe: mô tả Characterize: tiêu biểu cho Depict: thể - Describe: nói lên ai, nào, thực điều bạn trải qua ♦ Words can’t describe the beauty of the scene - Characterize: Mô tả phác họa tính cách, nét tiêu biểu ai, ♦ The novelist characterizes his heroine as capricious and passionate - Depict: miêu tả gì, dạng tranh chân dung hay lời ♦ The drawing depicts her sitting on a sofa 19 Detract: làm giảm giá trị, chê bai, gièm pha Distract: làm đãng trí, làm rối trí, lãng Disturb: làm náo động, quấy rầy - Detract: làm cho gi giá trị quan trọng ♦ This unpleasant incident detracted from our enjoyment of the evening - Distract: ngăn cản tập trung vảo tức làm cho họ suy nghĩ đắn điều họ làm khiến họ phân tán ♦ Don’t distract my attention - I’m trying to study! - Disturb: làm giấc ngù, tập trung hay yên tĩnh ai, ♦ She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child 20 Discreet: kín đáo, thận trọng Discrete: riêng biệt, riêng rẽ - Discreet: thận trọng tỏ cân nhắc kỹ lời nói việc làm, không lộ liễu ♦ We must be extremely discreet; he suspected something - “discreet”: dùng nói nữ trang, trang trí đơn giản đáng yêu ♦ She was wearing smart, quite expensive shoes and discreet leather handbag - Discrete: điều, ý tưởng hoàn toàn tách biệt không dính dáng đến khác Đây từ trang trọng ♦ The mind divides the continuity of the world around us into discrete units 21 Doubt; suspect: nghi ngờ, nghi - Doubt: cảm thấy không chẳc chắn hay nghi ngờ thật gì, tức bạn không tin có thực hay xảy ♦ It is human to doubt - Chú ý: “Doubt” dùng danh từ với nghĩa “sự nghi ngờ”, “sự ngờ vực” ♦ There’s some doubt about his suitability for the job - Suspect: có ý nghĩa tồn tại, có mặt thật gì, đặc biệt bạn dựa vào trực giác không chứng minh thực Trong trường hợp này, bạn không dùng “doubt” ♦ I strongly suspect that they’re trying to get rid of me - Chú ý: Khi “suspect” danh từ, có nghĩa “người bị tình nghi”, “người khả nghi” ♦ The police are interrogating two suspects - Khi “suspect” tính từ, có nghĩa “đáng ngờ”, “không thể tin được” ♦ The car has a suspect tyre 22 Doubtful; dubious; suspicious: đáng ngờ, nghi ngại - Doubtful: đáng ngờ, không chẳc chẳn điều ♦ I feel doubtful about whether to go or not - Khi nghĩ kết khả xảy đến đáng ngờ, tức họ cho ràng không xảy ♦ The weather looks rather doubtful - Dubious: nghi ngờ điều đề nghị chẳng hạn, tức họ không có phải việc đung đan nên làm hay không? ♦ “You could but I’m not sure you ought” Diem sounded very dubious - Điều mô tả đáng nghi tức không hoàn toàn trung thực, an toàn đáng tin cậy ♦ His background is a wifle dubious, to say the least - Suspicious: có tỏ nghi ngờ với khác, tức họ không tin người họ nghĩ người nói dối, phạm tội hay hoạch định việc phạm tội ♦ It is very suspicious that she was in the house when the crime happened - Khi mô tả gi thật đáng nghi tức muốn nỏi xau xa, nguy hiểm va không ♦ I'm very suspicious of his motives - Cả hai từ dùng mô tả vật xuống nơi thấp hom mà đỡ lại 23 Drop: rơi, sụt giảm Fall: rơi, ngã, rụng - Drop: vật rơi xuống theo đường thẳng cản lại, sụt xuống ♦ You could throw a stone and it would drop thousands of feet - Khi nhảy xuống hay rơi xuống cách có chủ tâm, bạn dùng “drop” ♦ Thousands of British paratroopers were dropping on French soil - Fall: vật không rơi theo đường thẳng, tức vật đổ xuống rơi xuống lực sức nặng, thăng ♦ The rain was falling steadily - Chủ ý: “Drop” ngoại động từ nên sau phải có tân ngữ “Fall” nội động từ nên không cần tân ngữ theo sau ♦ The leaves fall in autumn - Cả hai động từ danh từ Chiều cao vật thẳng đứng vách đá hay tường với ý tưởng người hay vật rơi khỏi gọi “drop” Điêu xảy sau bị ngã gọi “fair ♦ There was a sheer drop of five hundred feet to the rocks below 24 Earn: kiếm win: giành gain: đạt Earn: số tiền bạn kiếm việc người ta trả tiền công cho việc bạn làm ♦ He earned his living by collecting rags and scraps paper - Khi giành xứng đáng, đáp lại thành tích, tư cách đạo đức mình, tức họ hưởng điều đó, bạn dùng “earn” ♦ His honesty earned him great respect - Gain: đạt được, thắng điều gì, thứ họ muốn cần ♦ His persistence gained him victory - Khi có lợi, lợi từ hay làm việc gì, bạn dùng “gain” ♦ You can gain by watching how she works - Win: đạt hay chiếm cá cược, đua tranh thi tài trước nhiều người khác ♦ I'm pleased to inform you that you have just won three hundred thousand pounds - Khi đạt tới giành , đặc biệt lao động vất vả lòng kiên trì, bạn dùng “win” ♦ They are trying to win support for their proposal 25 East; eastern; easterly: phía đông, hướng đông - East: điểm chân trời nơi mặt trời mọc; bốn hướng la bàn Trong trường hợp này, “east” có nghĩa hướng Đông ♦ The wind is blowing from the East - Khi có nghĩa “phía Đông”, “East” phần nằm hướng Đông nơi chốn, chỗ lớn nước hay nơi nhỏ nhà Lưu ý Đông dùng để Tây, Nam, Bắc ♦ This kind of fish lives in the relatively shallow water of the East coast - Khi phía Đông hay quay hướng Đông, bạn dùng “East” ♦ My window faces East - Eastern: về, từ, hay sống phần phía Đông giới hay khu vực cụ thể ♦ Travellers can see the countless fishing villages that dot the coast of Southern and Eastern Africa - Easterly: hay hướng Đông Nó dùng tính từ phương hướng vị trí Từ kết hợp với “more’’ (hơn) “most” (nhất) ♦ The yacht was continuing in an easterly direction - Khi gió thổi từ hướng đông tới gọi “gió đông” Trong trường hợp bạn dùng “easterly winds” ♦ Many days, there was an icy easterly or northerly wind blowing off the sea 26 Emigrate; di cư, migrate: di trú - Emigrate: rời đất nước nơi họ sinh để đến định cư nước khác Người ta thường di dân hi vọng tìm hội có nhiều quyền tự nước khác ♦ They emigrated from Britain to Australia to find work - Migrate: dùng di chuyển từ nơi đến nơi khác để sống làm việc Từ “transmigrate” dùng với nghĩa ♦ The more prosperous middle-class inhabitants have increasingly migrated to the suburbs and the countryside - Khi chim chóc, động vật, cá từ nơi đến nơi khác theo mùa, để qua mùa đông nơi ẩm hay đê sinh sôi kiếm thức ăn, bạn dùng “migrate” ♦ Every spring they migrate towards the coast - Khi nói tới số lượng người tạm thời rời đất nước hay vùng đó, thường người ta đi cư họ cần có tiền công ăn việc làm, bạn dùng “migrate” ♦ Millions have migrated to the cities because they couldn’t survive in rural areas 27 Especially specially: đặc biệt - Especially: dùng để nhấn mạnh thành viên hay thành phần tập hợp, nhóm mà bạn nhắc đến Trong trường hợp “especially” có nghĩa cụm từ “in particular” ♦ I love the country, especially in spring - “especially” dùng để nhấn mạnh khía cạnh, trường hợp tình mà bạn nói đến ♦ The true figures may be much higher, especially in rural areas - Especially: dùng với nghĩa việc thực hay cung ứng cho - Specially: dùng để điều làm cho lý đặc biệt ♦ I came here specially to see you - Chú ý: hai từ dùng trước tính từ trước động từ với nghĩa “hơn thường lệ” Trong trường hợp này, “specially” trang trọng “especially” ♦ It seemed especially illogical 28 Expect; wait for; look forward to: mong chờ wait on: chờ để phục vụ - Expect: nghĩ tin tưởng xảy ai, tới ♦ This is the parcel which we have been expecting from New York - Trong số trường hợp, “expect" làm người ta hiểu thực để thay đổi kiện thời gian ♦ He is expecting to fail his exams -Wait for: lại nơi mà người ta ở, hoãn hoạt động, thời gian hay gi đến việc xảy •“Have you been waiting long?” - “Yes, I’ve been waiting for twenty minutes.” - Khi “wait for” dùng danh từ, có nghĩa "sự chờ đợi” “thời gian chờ đợi” ♦ I was prepared for a wait - Look forward to: vui thích mong đợi điều xảy bạn nghĩ bạn hưởng điều ♦ We’re so much looking forward to seeing you again 29 Fairly; quite; rather; pretty: hơi, thật, - Cả bốn phó từ có nghĩa “một cách vừa phài”, mức đó”, “không nhiều lắm” dùng để thay đổi độ mạnh tính từ phó từ “Fairly” yếu -Pretty: mạnh nhất, tác dụng chúng chịu ảnh hưởng nhiều ngữ điệu Nói chung phó từ nhấn mạnh câu nói có ý thật - Fairly phấn nhiều dùng với phẩm chất tích cực ♦ The room looked fairly tidy - Rather: phó từ nhắt dùng với từ ngữ so sánh “too” ♦ The house is rather bigger than we thought -“rather” “quite” đứng trước mạo từ bất đinh theo sau tính từ danh từ ♦ They had a rather sad look - Khi “rather” “pretty” dùng với tính chất khẳng định, tỏ ý nhiệt tình, hăng hái Khi dùng với ý phủ định hoac thay đồi, chúng biểu thị phản đối ♦ She seemed pretty satisfied with the result 30 Fail: thất bại, không Refuse: từ chối - Fail: thất bại, không I tried my best to apply the method but I faid - Refuse: từ chối Nam is afraid of failure, so he refused to take part in the game 31 Fantasy: chuyện, điều tưởng tượng Imagination: trí tưởng tượng, sức tưởng tượng - Fantasy: tưởng tượng tưởng tượng, tức chứng người ta tạo đầu khác với chuyện xảy đời thường nhung thú vị • Every act of creation must be preceded by a fantasy - Imagination: khả tạo nên hỉnh ảnh đầu hay trí năng, phải nghĩ đến tư tưởng, tình • Her talk captured the imagination of the whole class 32 Farther; further: xa thêm, thêm nữa, làm tiến triển - Cả hai từ hình thức so sánh “far” (xa) “Further” thường dùng “farther” tiếng Anh Cả hai dùng để nói khoảng cách không gian, chiều hướng thời gian Trong trưòng hợp “farther” “further” vừa tính từ vừa trạng từ ♦ The cinema was farther down the road than I thought - Further: dùng để nói tới mức độ điều Nếu bạn có thảo luận xa hơn, tức bạn có thêm nhiều thảo luận Nếu tình xấu thêm lên tức tình xấu thêm tồi tệ ♦ Do you have any further question? - Chú ý: “Further” dùng động từ với nghĩa giúp cho tiến phát triển ♦ He furthered my interests in their plan 33 Few; a few: ít, vài, số ♦ Long complex sentences are distinctive of Henry James’s later style - Distinguishable: nhận khác biệt người vật với người hay vật khác • The coast was barely distinguishable in the mist 11 Dependent: độc lập Dependant: người độc lập ♦ The gift of material goods makes people dependent - Khi nói ai, chịu ảnh hưởng hay định ai, khác, bạn dùng “dependent” ♦ Success is dependent on how hard you work - Dependant: người phụ thuộc vào người khác để có nhà cửa, lương thực Người Mĩ viết “dependent” ♦ If the borrower dies during that period, his dependants will be protected against losing their home 12 Everyday: (tính từ) hàng ngày Every day: (trạng từ) ngày - Everyday: viết liền từ, mô tả sống bình thường công việc thông thường ngày đời Không có đặc biệt thú vị hay bất thường Đây tính từ đứng trước danh từ ♦ Here is a compact dictionary for everyday use - Every day: hai từ viết rời, mô tả chuyện xảy ngày tức tuần xảy bảy ngày ♦ Hien and I talk on the telephone every day - “every day”: dùng có ý chuyện thường xảy ♦ Then there occurred one of those things that must happen every day in the world of big business 13 It's too ….to V_ifnitive: đến mức / It's + adj + to V: thật - It's too ….to V_ifnitive: đến mức ♦ "Few" "A few" are too difficult for him to distinguish It's + adj + to V: thật ♦ It's cautious of him to ask his grandparents for some advice on daily behaviour 14 Outdoor; Outdoors: trời - Outdoor: tính từ, đứng trước danh từ ♦ Could I still indulge in outdoor activies, like sailing and walking? - Outdoors: trạng từ, đứng sau động từ trước câu ♦ Farmers spend most of their time outdoors 15 Rather: Rather than: Other than - Rather: trạng từ: hơi, khá, ♦ His instruction were rather complicated ♦ Her new dress was rather more expensive than mine ♦ She works as a secretary, or rather, a personal assistant - Rather than: giới từ: ♦ It's management that's at fault rather than the workforce ♦ Why didn't you ask for help, rather than trying to it on your own? - Other than: trạng từ: ngoại trừ, khác với, không ♦ He never speaks to me other than to ask for something ♦ She never appears other than happy 16 Need: động từ khuyết thiếu, động từ hành động: cần ♦ Mary needs to be helped in this case (động từ hành động) ♦ Mary needs helping in this case (động từ hành động) ♦ Mary need help others to feel relieved (động từ khuyết thiếu) 17 It's …that/ who….Chính ….mà… Học sinh có nhiều khả nhầm cách dùng cấu trúc thành phần nhấn mạnh tân ngữ đại từ ♦ It's you that is to blame for the damage ♦ It's you who are to blame for the damage ♦ It's she that is to present our project today 18 Since: For: - Since: liên từ phụ ♦ Since I heard that my husband would hang out with his guys again, I felt red in the face, and dismayed - For: liên từ đẳng lập ♦ My parents work hard for supporting the family for they love each other 19 So: nên but: therefore: nên however: nhiên - So, but: liên từ ♦ The boy behaved badly, so his parents felt very upset ♦ Terylene shirts are harder to wear but cotton shirts are much more comfortable - Therefore, however: trạng từ ♦ The boy behaved badly; , his parents felt very upset A so B therefore C so that D however ♦ Terylene shirts are harder to wear , cotton shirts are much more comfortable A Obviously B But C However D So VI Derivation: Disappointed; disappointing: thất vọng - Disappointed: buồn bất mãn không thành công vài điều mong ước không thành thực ♦ I’m disappointed in you: I expected you to win - Disappointing: làm cho chán nản, thất vọng điều không tốt họ mong đợi ♦ The weather in this winter has been most disappointing Disinterested: vô tư, không vụ lợi Uninterested: không thích thú, lãnh đạm - Disinterested: không bị cảm xúc lợi ích cá nhân ảnh hưởng đến, hành động, suy nghĩ công bằng, không thiên vị ♦ My advice is quite disinterested - Uninterested: không tỏ thích thú quan tâm đến điều ♦ She seemed completely uninterested in what I had told her about my new job Distrust: ngờ vực Mistrust: không tin - Distrust: tin tưởng hay tin cậy hay ♦ He’s so suspicious that he would distrust his own mother - Mistrust: cảm thấy không tin tưởng hay Do vậy, bạn không tin vào động người ♦ It is unfortunately necessary to mistrust men and treat them with extreme caution at all times - Chú ý: hai từ dùng danh từ ♦ Negotiations between unions and management board are made more difficult by mutual distrust 4.Eatable: ăn Edible: ăn - Eatable: đồ thích hợp để ăn ♦ Our school meals are hardly eatable Các bừa ăn trường thật khó ăn - Chú ý: thêm “s” vào “eatable”, chuyển thành danh từ ' eatables’ để loại thức ăn nói chung ♦ Have you brought the eatables? - Edible: thức ăn không độc ăn ♦ This food is scarcely edible Economy: kinh tế Economic: kinh tế Economics: kinh tế học Economical: tiết kiệm - Economy: hoạt động việc quản lý cung cấp tiền, thương mại công nghiệp đất nước ♦ The state of the economy was very worrying during the recession period - Economic: tính từ điều liên quan đến kinh tế nước kinh tế học Tính từ đứng trước danh từ ♦ In order to attract more foreign investors, the government’s economic policies must be opener - Khi nói tới việc hoạch định để mang lại lợi tức, bạn dùng “economic” Với nghĩa dùng trước danh từ hay sau động từ ♦ It is not always economic for buses to run on Sundays - Economics: khoa học hay nguyên tẳc sản xuất, phân phối tiêu thụ hàng hoá, đề cặp tới chi phí Với nghĩa này, sau ta dùng động từ số Embarrassed; embarrassing: bối rối, khó xử shy: nhút nhát, bẽn lẽn ashamed: xấu hổ - Embarrassed: dùng cảm thấy ngượng ngùng, bối rối xấu hổ điều họ làm chuyện đă xảy ♦ She was speaking in a very loud voice because she was so angry and Hanh looked at her in an embarrassed way Có la nói lớn tiếng vỉ có giận dừ Hạnh bôi rỏi nhìn có ta - Embarrassing: dung điều khiến bạn phải khó xử, lúng túng ♦ He said something that would be ernltttrrdVking íor me to repeat - Shy: nhút nhát, bẽn lẽn ♦ The child wasn't shy when he talked to the strangers - Ashamed: xấu hổ, cảm thấy xấu hổ, họ cảm thấy hổ thẹn, lúng túng, v.v hay hành động ♦ Behave yourself! I'm ashamed of you ♦ You should be ashamed of yourseif for telling such lies Exhausting: làm kiệt sức Exhausted: rã rời Exhaustive: thấu đáo - Exhausting: biến cố hay hoạt động làm cho người mệt ♦ The argument is likely to prove long and exhausting Cuộc tranh cãi chắn lâu nhiều công sức - Exhausted: cảm thấy mệt mỏi hoạt động hay biến cố ♦ Stop and have a short rest I’m exhausted Dừng lại nghỉ lát Tôi mệt lử - Exhaustive: tìm kiếm nghiên cứu điều cách thấu đáo, toàn diện ♦ These are findings we should not dismiss without exhaustive testing Historic; historical: lịch sử - Historic: dùng để nói điều quan trọng lịch sử xem quan lịch sử Ví dụ, nhà lịch sử nhà cổ nơi có nhiều điều thú vị xảy ♦ Pulling down the Berlin wall will be remembered as one of the historic events of the late 20th century - Historical: sử dụng để nói kiện cỏ thực khứ đóng phần vai trò lịch sử Từ dùng để tả việc có liên quan đên lịch sử ♦ The falsification of historical records is common practice in totalitarian regimes ♦ Here are autographs and manuscripts of historical interest ♦ We have no historical evidence for it - Tiểu thuyết, kịch, phim lịch sử bàn đến biển cổ thực hay tưởng tượng khứ, bạn dùng “historical” ♦ It is a good a racy, romantic historical novel as one could hope to find Human: người, thuộc người Humane: nhân đạo, nhân đức Inhuman: phi nhân Inhumane: vô nhân đạo - Human: dùng để tả có liên quan đến nguời ♦ This food is not fit for human consumption - Nếu bạn mô tả người đặc biệt hay cách cư xử họ người, tức ý bạn muốn nói người bày tỏ tính chất xem đặc trưng cho hầu hết người tính chất bao gồm khuynh hướng tử tế phạm lỗi ♦ She’ll understand and forgive: she’s really quite human - Inhuman: bạn mô tả người cách cư xử họ phi nhân tính, bạn muốn nói người hoăc không tôn trọng tính chất tốt đẹp người thường họ độc ác ♦ How inhuman, I wonder, can the world become? - “inhuman” cung dùng để mô tả mà bạn muốn nói không giống người, người kì dị đáng sợ ♦ Their faces looked inhuman, covered with scarlet and black paint - Humane: bạn mô tả người đặc biệt cách đối xử họ nhân đạo, tức ý bạn muốn nói người cư xử cách tử tế đầy ý thức, tránh làm tổn thương người vật khác ♦ Can there really be humane ways of rearing animals cheaply for food? - Inhumane: bạn mô tả vô nhân tức bạn nói người không cảm thông với nỗi đau khổ người khác, trái lại họ đối xử độc ác, tàn nhẫn ♦ Prison conditions are, quite simply, uncivilized and inhumane 10 Imaginary: tưởng tượng, không thật Imaginative: giàu tượng tượng, sáng tạo Imaginable: tưởng tượng - Imaginary: điều gọi tưởng tượng tức thực mà có hay xuất đầu óc hay trí tưởng tượng ♦ Many children develop fears of imaginary dangers - Imaginative: người giàu tưởng tượng người giỏi tạo nên ý tưởng, điều hứng thú mẻ Các ý tưởng tưởng tượng gọi điều tưởng tượng ♦ They were both unusually loving, caring as well as sensitive and imaginative people 11 Immoral: thiếu đạo đức Amoral: phi đạo đức - Immoral: hạn nói người hành động họ thiếu đạọ đức, tức bạn tin việc họ làm tiêu chuẩn đạo đức chấp thuận không hợp luân lí ♦ It’s immoral to steal - Amoral: phi đạo đức người không thèm quan tâm xem việc họ làm hay sai xét theo mặt đạo đức hoac họ không hiểu việc hay sai đạo đức ♦ He was one of the amoral immature photojoumalists who hop from trouble spot to trouble spot 12 Industrious: cần cù, chăm Industrial: thuộc công nghiệp - Industrious: bạn nói cần cù, chăm chỉ, bạn có ý người làm việc tích cực ♦ The Japanese people are very industrious - Industrial: thứ thuộc để dùng công nghiệp ♦ The conference of the leading industrial nations was held in New York on July 16th and lasted two days 13 Intensive: tập trung, sáu Intense: rẩt nhiều, mạnh, mãnh liệt - Intensive: tập trung tất nỗ lực vào lĩnh vực cụ * The drug was developed after years of intensive research - Intense: nhấn mạnh cảm giác lớn khắc nshỉệt hay cảm xúc mạnh ♦ I baneed my elbow on the door-handle and felt intense pain 14 Interested: say mê Interesting: thú vị - Interested: bạn thích thú, say mê điều gì, tức !à bạn mong muốn biểt nghe nhiều điều bỏ thời gian để làm điều (miêu tả trạng thái bị động chủ ngữ) - Asked how he became interested in politics, he replied, “I was born that way” Interesting: bạn thấy điều thú vị (miêu tả chất chủ ngữ) ♦ The interesting thing is that this is the exact answer we got before 15 Sensitive; sensible - Sensitive: tinh tế, nhạy, nhạy cảm, mặc cảm ♦ This material is heat-sensitive ♦ He's very sensitive about being small, so don' mention it - Sensible: hiểu biết ♦ It was sensible of you to lock the front door BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG Exercise Find one of the underlined phrases which is incorrect in each sentence below When living (A) with members of their extended family (B), young children can develop relationships (C) with adults others (D) than their parents In the past (A) all drugs from (B) natural sources especially (C) herbs and (D) plants Petroleum (A) is composed of (B) a complex mix (C) of hydrogen and (D) carbon Alike (A) light waves(B) , microwaves may be (C) reflected and concentrated(D) We'd rather live (A) in my old tent happily (B) than (C) in so a luxurious villa (D) separately These televisions are quite (A) popular in (B) Europe, but those ones (C) are (D) not Standing among (A) so many strangers, the frightened (B) child began to cry (C) uncontrollable(D) They played (A) so good game (B) of tennis last night that (C) they surprised their (D) audience Recently, they discussed (A) a lot about 3-in-1 exam not only (B) on TV but also on (C) other (D) mass media A 10 Bacteria that live in soil (A) and water play s vital role in recycling (B) carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and another (C) chemical elements used (D) by living things 11 The (A) bones of mammals, not alike (B) those of other (C) vertebrates, show a high (D) degree of differentiation 12 Much (A) fats are composed of (B) one molecule of glycerin combined with (C) three molecules of fatty (D) acids 13 Since rats are destructive (A) and may carry (B) disease, therefore many (C) cities try to exterminate them(D) 14 During the first half of the nineteenth century, immigrants (A) to the United States were predominant (B) from Western Europe after the Civil War, however(C), new arivals came mainly from Eastern and Southern Europe, as well as (D) from Asia 15 Not only could the younger people completed (A) all the work quickly (B) and accurately, but the retired workers could (C) also(D) 16 Psychological studies show that many students feeling (A) terrible about (B) the results (C) of tests on which they have actually (D) performed well 17 The survival of a forest depends not only on the amount of every year rainfall it receives, but also on the seasonal distribution of the rain 18 I want to know (A) how long the group has spent (B) on such exhausting (C) research which is of (D) great value to forest rangers 19 Parents may think that their children should spend their time in a more useful way (A) rather than (B) playing computer games or chatting on line But (C) children not always see things the way (D) their parents 20 Lien realized that some students with (A) reading disabilities enjoy reading as much as she does(B) So (C) she has decided to record (D) popular books for these students 21 If your not too busy, and I know everyone is, please read and complete this questionnaire 22 It was her that gave an excellent performance last Sunday 23 These two machines are the principal equipment in our workshop 24 Don't be detracted from the festival atmosphere because you will take the exam one day after the anniversary 25 We tried our best to accomplish from the discreet events to successive ones Exercise Complete the sentences with one of the options below He really deserved the award because he performed was expected of him A much better than B more better than C much better as D much better from I am happy to your invitation A take B accept C agree D consent She began to work harder because her salary was raised A very B no C the D all He the book on the desk A layed B lay C laid D lied His long and straight eye-brows make him look A man B manly C menly D human She finds it hard to catch the brief information of the new typescript because it my teacher's voice A not sound as B doesn't sound like C doesn't look like D isn't alike I feel very nervous before the announcement of the admitted grades _ the university I dream A on B to C with D for The station clock is not as _ as it should be; it is usually between one and two minutes fast A strict B accurate C true D certain It is far too hot for you _ in the garden A to dig B digging C for digging D have dug 10 Has Jennifer ever been to Paris?” “No, but _, she’s going next week.” A interestedly B interested enough C enough interesting D interestingly enough 11 It’s difficult to pay one’s bills when prices keep _ A raising B growing C gaining D going up 12 He kicked the ball _ hard, and it broke the window A a little too B a small amount C quite a little D a very little 13 Do it in the same way _ you did it before A like B so C as D that 14 Mary was very _ when she found that her dress was dirty A crying B hurt C amused D ashamed 15 He prefers this interesting book _ that one over there A to B than C of D from 16 What’s all the noise about?” “We had a bad accident _ A happening B happened C happen D has happened 17 I bought this grammar book _ I could go over all the things we have studied this year A that B seeing that C so that D so far as 18 gas tanks connected to welding equipment, one full of oxygen and the other full of acetylene A It is two B Of the two C There are two D Two 19 The superior efficiency of solar energy houses _ reflects years of experiment, research and refinement A over traditional electrically heated ones B more than traditional electrically heated ones C above traditional electrically heated ones D instead of traditional electrically heated ones 20 The science of physics is concerned with everything _ to the tiniest particles which are always nearby A galaxy the greatest distance from B from the most distant galaxy C the galaxies the most distant are D which are the most distant galaxies 21 Archaeologists know 35,000 years ago, but it is still unclear for precisely what purpose A that drawing was practiced B when the practice of drawing C drawing being practiced D practicing of drawing 22 This question is _ difficult for me A to B too C enough D such 23 You are lucky after the earthquake A being alive B to be alive C lively D live 24 more and more polluted with industrial waste and garbage A Water B It is water C It is water that is D It is water that 25 She was _ she could not say anything A so that surprised for the news B such surprised at the news C so surprised of the news that D so surprised at the news that 26 I’m sure he’s capable _ better work than this A to B for C of D in 27 He is used to _ early in the morning A get up B getting up C got up D gets up 28 Are you used on your own? A to work B with working C at work D to working 29 The government plans to the price of petrol A rise B heighten C ascend D raise 30 Are there enough apples for us to have one ? A every B each C individually D self 31 Have you taken out on your new flat? A safety B assurance C insurance D protection 32 This ticker _one person to the museum A permits B admits C enters D allows 33 My brother can six languages fluently A say B speak C tell D talk 34 The unscrupulous salesman the old couple out of their life savings A deprived B extracted C robbed D swindled 35 Lack of sleep can have a noticeable your performance at work A effect on B effect in C affect on D effect to 36 Although we’ve been interviewing all day, we haven't a suitably applicant A able to find B managed to find C managed finding D succeeded to find 37 She hasn't written to me _ we met last time A since B ago C for D before 38 When skin is burnt, the are destroyed and a scar will be formed A tissues B beams C complexion D issues 39 The hole in the sky allows harmful radiation to reach the earth As a result, the temperature on the earth will A raise B raising C rise D rising 40 " _?" "She is tall and clever." A How is she like B What is she like C What is she alike D Who is she 41 They _ the bus A were waiting for B was waiting for C was waiting D were waiting 42 God never a mistake A makes B puts C plays D gives 43 The thought of taking such an examination had never for one moment in my head A crossed B occurred C entered D slipped 44 His parents agreed to him their car while they were away on holiday A borrow B let C hire D lend 45 They will soon typing on electric typewriters A use for B use to C get used for D get used to 46 Metal is used _ coins A for maker B making C to making D to make 47 I usually feel _ when I stay at home _ A alone — alone B lonely — lonely C alone - lonely D lonely - alone 48 I like him for his shyness A by far B all the better C further more D far better 49 To learn is one thing, to teach is A another B other thing C the other D another 50 Can you the papers with you when you come to see me, please? A bring B collect C take D get 51 He refused to give up work _ he’d won a million pounds A despite B however C even though D as though 52 Their parents _ to let them go to the party A denied B refused C rejected D prevented 53 The tender plants need against the cold weather A protection B to protect C protected D protect 54 Driving on the left is _ in Australia A forbidden B illegal C banned D legal 55 I now wish I a trip to London last year A had taken B took C will take D take 56 During an eclipse of the Sun, in the shadow of the Moon A lies the Earth B the Earth when lying C that the Earth lies D the lying Earth 57 Even though I have _ classes, I have _ time than last week A fewer — fewer B less — fewer C fewer — less D less — less 58 Mike was not feeling well, so we gave him _ to than you A less work B fewer works C little works D least work 59 We have been informed that _ animals at the zoo are starving to death A most of the B most of C almost the D most all 60 I want _ rice A a few B any C a little D another 61 Travelling by air is not cheap _ is it interesting A Either B And C Neither D Also 62 Travelling by air is not cheap And it isn’t interesting _ A also B neither C too D either 63 _ of the visitors were strangers to me A Mostly B Most C Almost D The most 64 _ have never heard of Shakespeare A Just few B Only few C Quite few D Very few 65 “I don’t want a holiday,” she said, “I’d rather the money.” A save B saved C have saved D will save 66 It was hot day that we decided to leave work early and go to the beach A such a B such C a so D so 67 It is difficult for readers _ the last page of Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemmingway could have been rewritten thirty-nine times A the novel to imagine how the B why to imagine the C how to imagine the D to imagine how the 68 Black Boy is an autobiographical account of the childhood of Richard Wright and portrays the suffering of an African American _ bigotry A in a society full of B society in full of C who in a society full of D in society full 69 ‘What would you like for dinner?” - “ _ we’re both so tired, why don’t we order a pizza?” A Since B Moreover C However D Although 70 “Did you enjoy your guests?” - “Yes Their children are so well that I always enjoy haying them visit me.” A manners B manner C mannerly D mannered 71 The policeman didn’t _ with us; he just told us what to A argue B explain C describe D offer 72 We our best to solve your problems A efficient B effective C effectiveness D efficiently 73 The government plan to the price of petrol A rise B heighten C ascend D raise 74 These _ racial and ethnic groups have learned to live together in peace and harmony A varied B various C variable D multiple 75 You can make life more difficult for thieves by your wallet in an inside pocket instead of a back pocket A taking B holding C bringing D carrying 76 Nebraska has floods in some years, A in others drought C droughts are others C while other droughts D others in drought 77 He has to arrange for the _ of his furniture before he goes abroad A seal B sale C sole D sail 78 If you've got time for a cup of tea, I'll _ one for you A make B mix C boil D give 79 Gold has always been used for purpose A decoration B decorative C decorate D décor 80 Without paper, books _ we know them could not be made A as B like C alike D likely 81 I'm going to the United States on vacation this summer, so I'm really _ to it A looking for B looking forward C looking up to D looking round 82 Go on, finish the dessert It needs up because it won't stay fresh until tomorrow A eating B eat C to eat D eaten 83 We are having such bad weather in London Roberta suggested spending Christmas week in an Italian _ resort we had visited the _ summer A that/ seaside/ previous B so/ coastal/ advance C then/ seashore/ preceding D therefore/ ocean/ prior 84 The to the South Pole had to be delayed because of dangerous weather conditions A expedition B excursion C sightseeing D exploration 85 The of the shipwreck were picked up by the coast guard A injured B missing C survivors D crew 86 Teachers need patience, as they have to put all sorts of problems A down to B up with C down by D up to 87 The Martins have confirms their strong to charity actions by donating a lump sum of money again A compliance B reliance C commitment D assignment 88 the contestant before him, Kirby sang a song he had written especially for this competition A As B Either C Even D Like 89 During his lifetime, _ his famed artwork, Michelangelo also wrote many excellent poems A despite B besides C rather D as 90 Not only were the little children with this nasty cold We had a few adult patients, too A injured B imposed C afflicted D aggravated 91 I'm not lazy but I think we have public holidays We ought to have more A too little B too few C rather e fewD fairly little 92 Everybody was staring and laghing at her - she felt so A excited B exhausted C embarrassing D embarrassed 93 I'd much prefer to read the book than see the film A sooner B better C rather D more 94 They exchanged letters for fifty years, but they never met in person A genuinely B actually C positively D truly Exercise Choose the best option that has the same meaning as the given one in bold John didn't attend the class because he was seriously ill A John's class was not serious B John was too ill to attend the class C John never attended the class D John was absent from class many times They would rather see the boat race than the cricket match A They prefer seeing the boat race than the cricket match B Seeing the cricket match is not as likeable as the boat race C They don’t like seeing the cricket match as much as the boat race D Seeing the boat face is rather matching them Another explosion occurred seconds after the first A There were three explosions B The first explosion occurred in the cellar C The first explosion was louder than the second D Two explosions occurred in rapid succession Steve liked the company of others A Steve found a club B Steve liked other people’s company better than his own C Steve founded a club D Steve liked the other company Brett sat through his physics class in his rain-soaked clothes, but decided to go home rather than to attend his biology class A Brett attended only his biology class B Brett attended both his biology and physics class C Brett attended only his physics class D Brett didn't attend any of his classes due to the rain I'd rather nothing than watch old films on television A I dislike watching old films on television B Watching old films on television is enjoyable C There are few old films on television D Old televisions and old watches are worth nothing You’re not to blame for what happened A You’re not accused of what happened B What happened is not your fault C You’re responsible for what happened D We blame you for what happened I'd rather stay home than go out with him A I’d prefer to stay home to going out with him B I'd better stay home than go out with him C I decide to stay home instead going out with him D I don’t want to go out with him so I choose to stay home He seemed very reluctant to take my advice A He seemed quite willing to take my advice B It seemed he was not ready to give me advice C It seemed he was not willing to take my advice D He seemed very anxious to take my advice 10 They failed to send me a postcard A They didn’t send me a postcard B They failed and didn’t send me a postcard C They sent me a postcard but it failed D I failed to get the postcard they sent me 11 A majority of the students in this college are from overseas A Everyone in this college is from overseas B No one in this college is from overseas C Few students in this college are from overseas D Most of the students in this college are from overseas 12 The lecture to be held in the auditorium is open to the public and free of charge A The auditorium will not be open for the lecture B The public auditorium charged a fee for the lecture C The auditorium is an open discussion of public matters D Admittance to the lecture is free 13 The editor fired Ted for a careless disregard of the facts A The editor was jearlous of Ted's abilities B The editor promoted Ted for a job well done C Ted lost his job because of sloppy work D Ted was dissatisfied with his job and left Exercise Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each space A Lasers (the word "laser" _ (1) _ for the phrase "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation") have found _ (2) _ application in medicine For example, they play an important _ (3) _ in the treatment of eye disease and the prevention of blindness The eye is ideally suited _ (4) _ laser surgery because most of the eye _ (5) _ is transparent Because of this, transparency, the frequency and the focus of the laser beam can _ (6) _ adjusted according to the absorption of the tissue _ (7) _ that the beam cuts inside the eye with minimal damage to the surrounding tissue Lasers are also more _ (8) _ than other methods in treating some causes of blindness _ (9) _, the interaction between laser light and eye tissue is not _ (10) _ understood A comes B means C stands D gets A wide B widely C spreading D widespread A thing B role C section D area A for B about C of D with A vessels B nerves C tissues D tissue A have B being C been D be A and B or C whether D so A efficient B affected C effected D effective A Moreover B But C However D So 10 A full B fully C total D whole B The Gold Rush of 1849 quickly transformed northern California, including J Francisco _ (1) _ of fortune seekers began to arrive, the first by ship _ (2) _ 1849 The village grew from 800 to 8,000 in a year, then to 35,000 in 1852 1852, San Francisco had 57,000 residents and was the 15th _ (3) _ city in United States San Francisco, _ (4) _ major Pacific coast port, quickly became the region commercial and financial center Gold _ (5) _ into the vaults of San Francisco banks, _ (6) _ silver from Nevada after 1859, The banks financed economic development throughout the west in the form of railroads, steamship lines, cattle ranches, iron foundries, mines, wineries, and _ (7) _ ventures San Francisco _ (8) _ as an important center of manufacturing Mining, banking, railroad and other enterprises produced a host of wealthy entrepreneurs, many of _ (9) _ built, extravagant mansions atop Nob Hill By 1900, San Francisco was _ (10) _ city in the nation A Thousands B Thousand C A thousand D Many thousand A soon in the B sooner in C earliest in the D early in A large B largest C larger D as large A a B some C the D x A pouring B poured C had poured D was pouring A as did B as had C like the D just like A the other B others C another D other A emerging B emerge C emerged D would emerge A which B that C what D whom 10 A nine large B ninth largest C nine largest D ninth large C A surgeon flying from Hong Kong to London on a jumbo jet (1) a fellow passenger’s life by operating on her with a pair of scissors, a coat hanger and bottle of brandy Pauline Dixon was involved in a motorcycle (2) on the way to Hong Kong airport, but she didn't want to see a doctor (3) she missed her flight Soon after boarding the plane, she complained about pain in her arm The pilot asked (4) or not there were any doctors on board, and Professor Wallace and Dr Tom Wong came forward At first they thought her arm was broken, but within minutes they saw that her condition was (5) worse They realized that one of her lungs (6) have collapsed and was filling up with liquid Professor Wallace said: “I felt we had (7) operate as soon as we could, but of course we didn’t have (8) right equipment, so we had to use what was there I cut a hole in her chest with a pair of scissors and then we had to find something to push a tube into the lung One of the cabin crew (9) using a coat hanger, which worked well, and we (10) to get the tube in quite easily “Normally it is not a complicated operation (11) you had the right equipment, but we had to be very (12) We sterilized every thing with five star brandy When the operation was over, I had a few (13) myself I can tell you, I needed it." After the plane landed safely in London, Miss Dixon went to hospital to recover Although the operation had been very (14) , she was very grateful to the doctors for saving her life, and was full of (15) for what they had done A rescued B recovered C saved D freed A disaster B accident C emergency D breakdown A in case B unless C except D without A for B about C when D whether A changing B getting C turning D growing A must B should C may D would A sooner B greater C rather D better A a B some C the D any A advised B persuaded C convinced D suggested 10 A succeeded B managed C arrived D could 11 A if B unless C in case D except 12 A carefree B careless C caring D careful 13 A bites B sips C swallows D licks 14 A painful B harmful C hurtful D aching 15 A friendship B dedication C admiration D liking D One of the most exciting archaeological discoveries in history was made in November 1922, when Howard Carter was working in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt After many months of work, he finally (1) across an unknown tomb Together with his friend Lord Carnarvon, who was providing the (2) for the excavations, he entered the dark chamber At first there was disappointment, because the tomb was (3) and it was clear that it had been (4) at some time in the past However, one of the workers eventually uncovered a small stairway that (5) down to another door that had not been opened Carter went down the dark staircase, walking (6) in case there were any traps As he opened the door, Lord Carnarvon (7) if he could see anything He replied: Yes - wonderful things.’ It was clear at once that they had discovered what they had been looking (8) The tomb of the boy pharaoh Tutankhamun was full of treasures of great (9) There were over 5,000 objects of silver, gold and precious stones which had (10) there undiscovered for thousands of years Lord Carnarvon’s pleasure at (11) the treasures did not (12) long Many of the local people were afraid of disturbing the pharaohs’ tombs, and believed that the pharaohs would (13) revenge on anyone who entered them Lord Carnarvon had (14) little attention to these warnings, but only a few weeks later, he suddenly fell ill and died; at the exact time of his death, all the lights in Cairo suddenly (15) out, and far away in England, his dog also died A came B arrived C got D found A salary B money C currency D wage A deserted B abandoned C left D empty A taken B robbed C stolen D broken A took B brought C led D conducted A carefully B accurately C carelessly D precisely A demanded B requested C questioned D asked A into B for C up D after A expense B price C cost D value 10 A lied B laid C lain D lying 11 A discovering B inventing C learning D searching 12 A stay B take C make D last 13 A have B take C make D bring 14 A sent B taken C paid D made 15 A went B passed C gave D ran E SAFE BICYCLES Every year in the United States millions of bicycles are sold In _ (1) _ years the number of bicycle accidents has increased greatly It is necessary that boys and girls know how to _ (2) _ their bicycles with as _ (3) chance of accident as possible First in importance is the _ (4) _ of the bicycle An old worn-out bicycle is not safe Handle bars, hand grips, seat, and pedal pads should be _ (5) _ fastened; brakes could be in good _(6) order; and a bicycle should have front and _ (7) _ lights When long trousers are worn, clips may be needed to _ (8) _ the fabric from catching in the chain _ (9) _ important is care in obeying traffic rules The safest place for a bicycle is _ (10) _ to the right-hand curb The proper _ (11) _ should be given before making turn It is best to get off and walk when crossing a busy street Avoid stunts; not try to _ (12) _ off; keep both hands on the handle bars; and be careful at all times It is well to remember that in an accident _ (13) _ an automobile, a bicycle, _ (14) _ the lighter vehicle, is _ (15) _ to come out second best A later B latter C recent D last A ride B drive C manage D handle A few B little C small D unlikely A state B look C appearance D condition A tightly B closely C strictly D seriously A running B operating C working D performing A back B rear C backward D hind A avoid B hinder C obstruct D prevent A Equally B Similarly C The same D Equivalent 10 A next B fear C close D nearby 11 A sign B signal C intention D indication 12 A leave B display C play D show 13 A against B opposing C with D about 14 A as B being C to be D though 15 A likely B certainly C unluckily D Unfortunate F What makes it rain? Rain falls from the clouds for the same reason as anything falls to Earth The Earth’s gravity pulls it However, every cloud is made of water droplets or ice crystals Why doesn’t rain or snow fall constantly from all clouds? The droplets or ice crystals in clouds are exceedingly small The effect of gravity on them is minute Air currents move and lift droplets so that the net downward displacement is zero, even though the droplets are in constant motion di chuyen lien tuc Droplets and ice crystals behave somewhat like dust in the air made visible in a shaft of sunlight To the casual observer, dust seems to act in a totally random fashion, moving about chaotically without fixed direction In fact, however, dust particles are much larger than water droplets and they finally fall The average size of a cloud droplet is only 0.0004 inch in diameter It is so small that it would take sixteen hours to fall half a mile in perfectly still air, and it does not fall out of moving air at all Only when the droplet grows to a diameter of 0.008 inch or larger can it fall from the cloud The average raindrop contains a million times as much water as a tiny cloud droplet The growth of a cloud droplet to a size large enough to fall out is the cause of rain and other forms of precipitation This important growth process is called “coalescence”.ket dinh What is the main topic of the passage? A The mechanics of rain B The weather patterns of North America C How Earth’s gravity affects agriculture D Types of clouds The word “minute” in line is closest in meaning to which of the following? A Second B Tiny C Slow D Steady The word “motion” in line is closest in meaning to _ A wind B change C movement D humidity Ice crystals NOT immediately fall to Earth because _ A they are kept aloft by air currents B they combine with other chemicals in the atmosphere C most of them evaporate D their electrical charges draw them away from the Earth The word “random” in line is closest in meaning to _ A unpredictable B perplexing C independent D abnormal What can be inferred about drops of water more than 0.008 inch in diameter? A They never occur B They are not affected by the force of gravity C In still air they would fall to earth D In moving air they fall at a speed of thirty-two miles per hour How much bigger is a rain drop than a cloud droplet? A 200 times bigger B 1,000 times bigger C 100,000 times bigger D 1,000,000 times bigger In this passage, what does the term “coalescence” refer to? A The gathering of small clouds to form larger clouds B The growth of droplets C The effect of gravity on precipitation D The movement of dust particles in the sunlight KEY Exercise 1 D B 11 B 12 A 21 A 22 B Exercise A B 11 D 12 C 21 A 22 B 31 C 32 B 41 A 42 A 51 C 52 B 61 C 62 D 71 A 72 D 81 B 82 A 91 B 92 D Exercise B C 11 D 12 D Exercise A C D B A D C 13 C 23 B A 14 B 24 B D 15 D 25 C C 16 A D 17 B B 18 C D 13 C 23 B 33 B 43 D 53 A 63 B 73 D 83 A 93 C C 14 D 24 C 34 C 44 D 54 D 64 D 74 B 84 A 94 B B 15 A 25 D 35 A 45 D 55 A 65 A 75 D 85 C B 16 B 26 C 36 B 46 D 56 A 66 A 76 A 86 B B 17 C 27 B 37 A 47 D 57 C 67 D 77 B 87 C D 13 C C C B B B A 10 D B A D D D A C 10 B B C B A D C D 10 B B 18 C 28 D 38 A 48 B 58 A 68 A 78 A 88 D A 19 C A 19 A 29 D 39 C 49 D 59 A 69 A 79 B 89 B 10 C 20 C 10 D 20 B 30 B 40 B 50 A 60 C 70 D 80 A 90 C C C D D A D E C A F A B 10 B A 11 A D 12 D B 13 B A 14 A D 15 C C B D B C C D B 10 A 11 A 12 D 13 B 14 C 15 A A 10 C B 11 B D 12 D A 13 C C 14 B B 15 A B C A A C D _THE END _ B D