Tư tưởng hồ chí minh với sự nghiệp xây dựng con người việt nam phát triển toàn diện

B O Stl NGjkY SINH CHII TICK Hd CHf MINH ITS THANH D U Y Tie tudng Ho Chi Minh vdi sU nghiep xay dung ngudi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien (Sack tham khao) PG S TS T H A N H D U Y TIT TlflJNG HO CHI MINH VCJI Sir■ NGHIEP ■ XAY DlfNG ■ CON NGirdl VIET NAM PHAT TRIEN TOAN DIEN ■ ■ (SACH T H A M KH AO ) (Tai ban) n h A x u a t b a n k h o a h o c x a h Oi H A N O I -2010 L()I n h a x u a t b a n hu tich Ho Chi' Minh la vi lanh tu thien tai cua Dang C ta va nhan dan ta, ngUdi anh giai phong dan toe, danh nhan van hoa the gidi NgUdi da ket tinh minh nhQng pham chat va gia tri tinh than cao quy nhat cua giai cap cong nhan va dan toe Viet Nam Cong lao va sU nghiep bat ttf cua NgUdi toa sang mot niem tin vo han vao kha nang cach mang va sang tao, lUdng tri va ph&m gia ngUdi, lay ngudi lam trung tam cua moi suy nghi va hoat dong Suot ddi Ngudi dau tranh chong ap bijfc, bat cong, phan dau dem lai cuoc song tu do, hanh phuc cho nhan dan, cho nhan loai Chu tich Ho Chi' Minh da de lai cho chung ta mot di san vo gia ve tu tUdng, dao ddc va tac phong Trong di san tu tUdng cua NgUdi, tu tUdng ve xay dung ngUdi phat trien toan dien la mot bo phan quan trong, co y nghia to ldn doi vdi cach mang nude ta Trong sU nghiep xay dung chu nghia xa hoi, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh dac biet coi van de xay dung ngUdi mdi; vi day la dong lUc quyet dinh hudng di len cua xa hoi Viet Nam NgUdi tCfng day: Muon xay dUng chu nghia xa hoi triidc het can phai co ngUdi xa hoi chu nghia Theo NgUdi, ngUdi xa hoi chu nghia phat trien toan dien chinh la ngUdi co tinh than lam chu xa hoi, co tri thilc van hoa va khoa hoc, co trinh chuyen mon nghiep vu, co pham chat dao diic cach mang “can kiem liem chinh” , “chi cong vo tu” , phai nghiem khac chong chu nghia ca nhan Tham nhu^n tu tUdng Ho Chi Minh ve van de xay dung ngUdi phat trien toan dien, giai doan cach mang hien nUdc ta dang tien hanh day manh cong nghiep hoa hien dai hoa hdn luc nao het Dang ta dac biet quan tam va chu den van de xay dung ngUdi phat huy nhan to" ngUOi va vi ngudi Nham cung cap cho ban doc tai lieu tham khao nghien ciiu ve tu tUdng Ho Chi' Minh nam 2001 va nam 2002, Nha xuat ban Chinh tri quoc gia da xuat ban cuon sach Tit tiidng Ho Chi Minh vdi sit nghiep xay diing ngi/di Viet Nam phat trien toan dien cua PGS TS Thanh Duy Cuon sach gom chUdng de cap den nhutng quan diem cd ban ve moi quan he giuta van hoa vdi viec xay dUng ngUdi phat trien toan dien; nguon goc va qua trinh hinh tU tUdng Ho Chi' Minh ve ngUdi phat trien toan dien: ve dac diem va ban chat, quan niem va giai phap xay dung ngUdi phat trien toan dien boi canh hien Cuon sach da dUdc ban doc rat hoan nghenh Do nhu cau cua ban doc, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc xa hoi tai ban cuon sach tren Xin tran gidi thieu cuon sach vdi ban doc NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC XA H0I l i noi dau Tiep thu truyen thong yeu nUdc va yeu dan cua gia dinh, truyen thong nhan cua dan toe, nhat la chu nghia nhan van macxi't, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh co niem tin m anh liet vao sufc m anh va pham gia cua ngUdi Ngay sau tim dUdc dUdng ciiu nUdc, NgUdi thay ro: chi co tin vao ngUdi tijfc la tin vao dan, dua vao dan m6i co hy vong ciiu dUdc nUdc NgUdi da nhieu l&n noi vdi nhutng ngUdi ban chien dau cua minh d Pari rang, chi co dua vao sCfc minh, vao dan toe minh m6i hy vong dUdc giai phong Trong Tuyen ngon cua H oi lien hiep thuoc dia, NgUdi thao co doan viet: “Anh em phai lam the nao de dUdc giai phong? Van dung cong thiic cua Cac Mac chung toi xin noi vdi anh em r&ng, cong cuoc giai phong anh em chi co the thUc hien dUdc bang sU no lUc cua ban than anh em” Rut dUdc chan ly hoan canh dat nUdc bi no le, tay khong co mot phUdng tien gi, lai dang song va hoat dong bi mat d nUdc ngoai, that khong phai ddn gian Da co luc Ho Chi M inh boc lo tam sU cua minh tra ldi mot nha van M y nhii sau: “Nhan dan Viet Nam co ong cu than sinh toi, thudng tu hoi la ngUdi se giup minh thoat khoi ach thong tri cua Phap NgUdi nghi la Nhat, ngUdi khac nghi la Anh, co ngUdi lai cho la My Toi thay phai di nUdc ngoai xem cho ro Sau xem xet ho lam an sao, toi se trd ve giup dong bao toi” Do la dong cd di tim dUdng ciiu nUdc cua Ngifdi Phai hdn 10 nam sau ke tijf rdi To quoc (1911) de vao thang nam 1923, viet thu tii biet gui cac ban cung hoat dong trudc bi mat rdi Pari, Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh mdi co cau tra ldi ro rang va diit khoat Tra ldi cau hoi “chung ta phai lam gi?” , NgUdi noi: “Doi vdi toi, cau tra ldi da ro rang: trd ve nUdc, di vao quan chung, thCfc tinh ho, to chiic ho, doan ket ho, huan luyen ho, diia ho dau tranh gianh tu doc lap” Noi len dUdc y tUdng mang tinh chan ly la ca qua trinh tim toi, khao sat thUc te va the nghiem cuoc song ban than Tvf do, NgUdi co niem tin manh liet vao ngiJdi va thay chi co tin yeu ngUdi that sU, muon giai phong ho that sU, mdi tap hdp dUdc ho thUc hien muc tieu doan ket nhan dan nham tao siic m anh cho sU nghiep cach mang Cung tii do, NgUdi phat hien them mot chan ly bat diet la: Doan ket tao stic manh, doan ket tao chien thang va NgUdi de khau hieu: Doan ket, doan ket, dai doan ket Thanh cong, cong, dai cong Tu tUdng Ho Chi Minh ve ngUdi dUdc bieu hien that da dang va vo cung phong phu No tham dUdm toan bo cuoc ddi va sU nghiep cua NgUdi, dUdc toa sang tiing viec lam, tijfng cut chi, tifng moi quan tam an can den moi ngUdi: Tat ca deu toat len tinh thUdng yeu vo han, sU ton trong, thai bao dung va niem tin tuyet doi vao ngUdi TrUdc txt gia coi ddi, ban Di chuc de lai cho ddi sau, NgUdi khong quen can dan Dang ta: Ngay sau cuoc khang chien chong My, cxiu nUdc th^ng ldi thi “Dau Ho Chi' Minh: Toan tap, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, 2000, t.l, tr.192 tien la cong viec doi vdi ngUdi” tiic la phai co chinh sach xa hoi doi vdi ngiidi NgUdi can dan “ phai co ke hoach that tot de phat trien kinh te va van hoa, nham khong ngifng nang cao ddi song cua nhan d a n ” Do la nhiing viec D ang va Nha nude ta da va dang siic thUc hien sU nghiep doi mdi hien De nghien ctiu mot cach co he thong tu tUdng Ho Chi M inh ve ngiidi cung nhu tu tUdng cua Ngtfdi ve sii nghiep ngUdi nham xay dung ngiidi mcli phat trien toan dien phu hcfp v6i xa hoi hien dai, can co nhieu cong trinh khoa hoc NhUng co the noi, cho den chung ta it thay nhiing cong trinh di sau nghien ciiu mot cach toan dien va sau s ic tu tUdng Ho Chi Minh ve ngiidi v6i tu cach khong chi nhu do! tUdng cua cach mang ma quan hdn la chu the cua cach mang Con ngiidi noi d day khong phai la mot sieu nhan nao co sCf menh di giai phong cho ngUdi khac ma chinh la ngUdi dan, ngUdi cung kho, ngUdi bi ap biic, ti3c ngUdi chiu trach nhiem trUdc sil menh lich sii C) cuon sach nay, chung toi co g&ng neu len he thong cac luan diem tu tUdng Ho Chi M inh ve ngUdi DUdng nhien, day cung chiia phai la mot cong trinh phan anh that d§y du va toan dien tii tUdng Ho Chi Minh ve ngUdi the hien tren rat nhieu mat, dac biet linh vUc van hoa bieu hien tap trung vao tu tiidng nhan van Ho Chi M inh the hien khong chi nhutng quan diem cu the trUc tiep ve ngUdi ma hau het cac linh vUc tu tUdng, dao diic, tac phong va noi chung la nhan cach van hoa Ho Chi Minh Co le phai co mot cong trinh khac 16n hdn, d day chung toi chUa co tham vong vUdn t6i Tuy nhien, vdi mot so chUdng de cap cuon sach nho nay, chung toi hy vong se gdi md nhCing quan diem cd ban nhat ve m oi quan he giuta van hoa va viec xay dung ngUdi phat trien toan dien, ve nguon goc va qua trinh hinh tu tUdng Ho Chi M inh ve ngiidi phat trien toan dien, ve dac diem va ban chat ngiidi phat trien toan dien, nhat la ve viec xay dung ngifdi phat trien toan dien thdi dai loai ngUdi dang bu6c vao thien nien ky m6i Chung toi m ong nhan dUdc nhiing y kien dong gop cua ban doc t Ac g i a 10 Chirong I M OI QUAN HE G ILA VAN HOA VA VIEC XA Y DUNG CON NGUCII VIET NAM PHAT TRIEN TOAN DIEN PHU HOP VCH THClI KY DAY MANH CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA DAT NUCfC Trong he thong tu tUdng Ho Chi Minh, van de phat trien van hoa cung nhu van de xay dUng ngUdi mdi tiic la ngUdi phat trien toan dien deu co vi tri dac biet quan A / •» va co moi quan he gan bo hiJu cd vdi Phat trien van hoa la nham muc dich xay dung ngUdi mdi, tao dieu kien cho ngUdi cang nang cao nhan cach, hoan thien ban chat ngUdi Phat trien van hoa cung dong thdi de tao dong luc cho ngUdi phat trien, xay dUng ngUdi phat trien toan dien phu hdp vdi yeu cau thdi ky cach mang mdi Do la hai mat cd ban cua van hoa Cho nen, noi van hoa, chung ta khang dinh van hoa viia la muc tieu, viia la dong luc Du la muc tieu hay dong luc, van hoa cung gan vdi ngUdi tao nen pham chat cua ngUdi cu the, tiic ngUdi co nhan cach van hoa Mat khac noi den ngifdi, chung ta khong xem ngUdi nhu la sinh vat trtiu tUdng, ngUdi noi chung ma bao gid cung noi den ngifdi cu the mot xa hoi cu the Vdi y nghia do, ngUdi vCfa la muc tieu, viia la dong luc cung nhu muc tieu va dong luc cua van hoa Dieu chiing to giu'a van hoa vdi ngUdi la hai van de khac nhau, nhUng thUc chat cd moi quan he gan bo rat hiiu cd vdi nhau, hai ma nhu mot Noi van hoa khong the khong noi den 11 dung cac tUu khoa hoc, cong nghe, giao due va dao tao cho moi linh vUc chung ta co cach til doc lap, co cach vtia lam hien dai vtia mang s ic thai Viet Nam Di vao kinh te thi trUdng, md rong giao lUu quoc te, cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat ntidc, tiep thu nhutng tinh hoa cua nhan loai, song phai luon luon coi nhiing gia tri truyen thong va ban sac dan toe, quyet khong dUdc ttf danh mat minh, trd bong md hoac ban chep cua ngUdi khac’” Dang ta k h in g dinh: Phat trien giao due - dao tao la mot nhiing dong luc quan thuc day sU nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, la dieu kien de phat huy nguon luc ngUdi - yeu to cd ban de phat trien xa hoi, tang trUdng kinh te nhanh va ben vting Trong phan noi ve van hoa, Nghi quyet Dai hoi VIII cua Dang nhan manh: ‘Tiep thu tinh hoa cua cac dan toe tren the gidi, lam giau dep them van hoa Viet N am , dau tranh chong sU tham nhap cua cac loai van hoa doc hai, nhiing khuynh hudng sung ngoai, lai cang, mat goc Khac phuc tam ly sung bai dong tien, bat chap dao ly, coi thUdng cac gia tri nhan van” Kinh nghiem cho thay moi yeu to ngoai sinh nhu von, ky thuat, cong nghe va ca nhiing kinh nghiem dieu hanh va quan ly tti nu6c ngoai chi co the bien yeu to noi sinh, dong luc cho cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, mot chung dUdc van dung sang tao, phu hdp vdi yeu cau phat trien nUdc Con ngifdi Viet N am mang truyen thong van hoa dan toe, tham nhuan dao ly, tam ly dan toe, loi song Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu toan quoc lan thii VIII, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, 1996, tr.29-30 122 va ca y thtic cong dong, niem tu hao va tu ton dan toe, mdi thUc sii la trung tam cua yeu to noi sinh Va, chi co nhting ngUdi mdi thuc sU la chu the cua cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nUdc ta Cho nen, viec cham soc den viec xay dUng ngUdi mdi phat trien toan dien ve moi mat mdi thUc sU la bi quyet cong sU nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa d nUdc ta Khac vdi nhieu nUdc da qua giai doan cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, nUdc ta tien hanh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa nhat thiet phai theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia Co the xem day la mot dac diem ldn nhat, dong thdi cting la mot thach thtic ldn nhat, quyet liet nhat doi vdi nUdc ta budc vao cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa Bdi le, muon dat nUdc phat trien theo dting muc tieu da chon la xay dUng cong chu nghia xa hoi, nUdc ta khong co dudng nao khac la phai tien hanh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, phat trien kinh te, dam bao an ninh quoc phong, nhUng khong the tti bo dUdng da chon Con dudng xay dUng cong chu nghia xa hoi la dUdng phu hdp vdi thdi dai Cho nen, noi den viec hinh va phat trien ngUdi mdi m ang he gia tri va chuan mUc xa hoi mdi phu hdp vdi thdi dai, can hieu la thdi dai cua chu nghia xa hoi Viec y thtic cho dtidc dac diem ndi tren, de tren cd sd dd hinh he gia tri xa hoi va chuan mUc xa hoi mdi theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia la mot viec rat he trong cong tac ly -luan ndi chung, hoat dong van hoa nghe thuat noi rieng Hdn bao gid het, chinh luc phai bao ve nhting quan diem chinh thong cua Dang ta theo noi dung cd ban cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Ho Chi Minh Viec xay dUng ngUdi mdi theo dung noi ham tu tUdng Ho Chi M inh cung chi cd the co dUdc boi canh giti 123 vting dUdc nhting quan diem cd ban ve ngUdi cting nhii ve xa hoi theo lap trUdng chu nghia Mac - Lenin va til tUdng Ho Chi Minh Cting nhu trUdc day, Ho Chi Minh va Dang ta da van dung mot cach sang tao chu nghia Mac - Lenin vao hoan canh cach mang giai phong dan toe dong thdi xay dUng chu nghia xa hoi d nUdc ta, nay, dat nUdc da chuyen sang thdi ky mdi thiic hien muc tieu dan giau, nUdc manh, xa hoi cong b in g , dan chu, van minh, chung ta cung can co sU van dung sang tao khong chi chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tUdng Ho Chi Minh ma noi chung ca tinh hoa van hoa nhan loai vao sti nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa d nUdc ta Van de xay dUng ngUdi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien theo tU tUdng Ho Chi Minh la mot nhting van de cot loi he thong tu tUdng cua NgUdi Hdn ntia, day cung la mot van de ldn co quan he den dudng loi cach m ang nUdc ta Trong thiic te, van de xay dUng ngUdi bao gid cung la van de phtic tap, phong phu nhat va thudng co nhieu y kien khac C) day, chi trinh bay mot cach khai quat may van de cd ban neu tren n h im muc dich on lai tUdng doi co he thong nhting tu tUdng cd ban cua Ho Chi Minh viec “trong ngUdi” va xay dung ngUdi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien cung nhu chien lUdc ngUdi noi chung ma Dang ta de boi canh hien Chac chan nhieu van de can phai di sau hdn ntia ca ve ly luan va thtic tien ve van de xay dUng ngUdi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien boi canh hien 124 KET LUAN Chung ta dang song mot thdi dai ma d nen kinh te - xa hoi cua bat cii quoc gia nao cung chi co the phat trien vting chac tren cd sd phat trien cua tri tue, cang dUa vao “chat xam ” cua doi ngu nhiing ngUdi co tri thiic NgUdi ta da noi den sii xuat hien xa hoi gia tri tri thiic tudng lai kh on g xa Gia tri tri thiic noi d day co nghia la nhiing san pham hang hoa cua xa hoi chu yeu phai dung gia tri tri thiic tao nen, doi hoi xa hoi phai dac biet chu den nhan to' ngUdi va yeu to' van hoa phat trien ChUa bao gid van de van hoa lai dUdc dat mot cach cap thiet va gan no v6i ngUdi co tri thiic va doi ngu tri thiic nhu hien Tii cho de cao gia tri tri thiic cung nhu nhan to' ngUdi co tri thiic va van hoa phat trien, ngUdi ta da noi den viec hinh va phat trien nen kinh te tri thiic Theo sU phan tich tinh hinh chi'nh tri quoc te thdi dai kinh te tri thiic cua To chiic hdp tac va phat trien kinh te (O EC D ), thi nen kinh te tri thiic co nhiing bieu hien sau day: N im c h ic nhan tai, tri thiic va co chien lUdc phat trien quo'c gia tUdng ling se trd tieu diem canh tranh cua siic m anh tong hdp quo'c gia the ky XXI Nen kinh te tri thiic yeu cau thong nhat giiia tri thiic va nhan tai Nhan tai la vat dan cua tri thiic, khong co nhan tai thi khong co tri thiic va cong nghe Ai cung da r5, cuoc canh tranh cua kinh te the gidi tUdng lai, nhan tai chac chan se trd tai nguyen chien lUdc mang ti'nh then cho't, trd dong liic thuc day chu yeu sii tang trUdng kinh te 125 Nen kinh te tri thiic ve ban chat la chu nghia nhan van, no phan doi chi coi vat chat, lay viec phat trien ngUdi lam muc tieu trUc tiep, co sU ket hdp hai hoa giiia ngUdi vdi thien nhien, ngUdi vdi xa hoi va chi'nh tri, la sU k h in g dinh doi vdi tien trinh dan chu hoa Dieu chung ta quan tam d day khong chi la van de phat trien kinh te ma chu yeu la vai tro cua ngUdi co tri thtic cung ttic la ngUdi phat trien toan dien thdi dai xuat hien va phat trien nen kinh te tri thtic la hien tiidng hoan toan co that Nen kinh te tri thtic dUdng nhien doi hoi sU phat trien cao ve van hoa va ngiidi mdi mang nhan cach van hoa Qua sU cong ky dieu cua Nhat Ban trUdc day, ca the gi6i deu thay chinh sach doi vdi ngUdi co tri thtic cua Nhat Ban da tao nen stic bat ky la cua nen kinh te Chi'nh sach da phat huy manh me tiem nang tri tue cua dan toe Nhat Ban cho viec phuc dat nu6c, hinh ban linh kien cUdng cua ngUdi Nhat Ban tren mat tran kinh te Nu6c ta di vao cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa qua trinh hoi nhap vdi the gi6i theo xu the' toan cau hoa Tren the gidi dang hinh va phat trien nen kinh te tri thtic, do, chung ta khong cd sU lua chon nao khac la tap trung moi no luc cho viec xay dung ngUdi V iet Nam phat trien toan dien, ttic ngUdi co tri thtic trUdc het la mot doi ngu tri thtic du tam va du m anh thdi dai loai ngUdi da budc sang nen van minh mdi, van minh tri tue Phat huy ndi luc triidc het la phat huy yeu to' ngUdi V iet Nam, phat huy tri tue cua ca dan toe V iet Nam Nhu vay mdi that sU lam tang len nhan to' noi lUc cho phat trien 126 dat nude noi chung cho sii nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa noi rieng Day khong the la qua trinh phat trien tu nhien ma phai bat dau b in g nhutng chinh sach dau tu dung d in va manh me cho nguon luc ngUdi, nguon lUc tri tue Chi'nh boi canh xa hoi dat cho nUdc ta phai coi sU nghiep phat trien giao due dao tao va khoa hoc, cong nghe Chung ta da budc vao thien nien ky mdi, thdi cd rat sang sua, nhutng thach thiic cung rat quyet liet Do la thdi cd phat trien m anh me va nhanh chong cuoc cach mang khoa hoc va cong nghe, se tao dieu kien cho dat niidc ta di vao cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa vdi toe nhanh hdn, nhung cung la nhutng thach thiic chua tiing thay d niidc ta tren diidng tiep nhan nhutng tUu khoa hoc va cong nghe mdi, dUdng phat huy tiem nang tri tue da budc sang ky nguyen phat trien xa lo thong tin, cong nghiep tri tue nhan tao Trong do, trinh dan tri cua nhan dan ta chua the tiep can het dUdc nhutng van de dat tren nhieu linh vUc kinh te, xa hoi, van hoa dang dat tren the gidi hien nay, vdi nhutng moi quan he rat da dang va phiic tap T rong boi canh do, ro rang viec “trong ngUdi” , xay dUng ngiidi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien cung nhii doi ngu tri thufc niidc ta cang co vi tri, vai tro rat quan trong sti nghiep phat trien van hoa dan toe, neu khong noi la vai tro quyet dinh viec quy tu tri tue dan toe va tri thiic nhan loai liic liidng hat nhan co y nghia xuc tac den toan bo ddi song tinh than va ddi song van hoa xa hoi, diidi sti lanh dao sang suot cua D ang ta va sU quan ly co hieu qua cua Nha nUdc ta Coi ngUdi co tri thiic va hien tai khong co nghia la coi mot so" ngUdi hoac co tii tUdng biet lap, dat ngUdi 127 tri thiic d vi tri cao hdn cac tang ldp xa hoi khac ma chi'nh la xac dinh vi tri tri thiic tri tue cua ngudi noi chung cua dan toe ta noi neng Vdi y nghia coi tri thiic cung co nghia la coi ngudi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien co mat moi tang ldp xa hoi trudc het giai cap cong nhan va nong dan la nhung giai cap cd ban cua xa hoi Sd di can nhan manh vai tro cua ngudi co tri thiic cung nhu doi ngu tri thiic sii nghiep sang tao van hoa Viet Nam vdi y nghia van hoa dude hieu theo nghia rong nhu da dUdc k h in g dinh Nghi quvet Hoi nghi lan thii nam Ban Chap hanh Trung udng Dang (khoa VIII) la vi thdi dai m6i hien dang dat cho doi ngu tri thiic nhiing trach nhiem nang ne tren rat nhieu linh viic ma hau nhii thieu ho se khong the tien hanh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dUdc Doi vdi nude ta sii nghiep cong nghiep hoa hien dai hoa chi mdi bat dau san xuat nong nghiep va nong thon chiem vi tri quan thi co the chung ta chua thay het va thay ro tac dung cua nen van hoa “chat xam ” hay goi la “van hoa tri nang” ma d ngudi tri thiic dude xem la chu the sang tao Nhiing dudng net phat trien “van hoa tri nang" chua ro lam nhiing dan dan chung ta cung thav sii ddi “van hoa may tinh" o' ta Nhiing hinh thiic xii ly thong tin b in g cong cu may tinh va nhung cd quan tU van mang tinh chat thudng mai tren linh vuc tri thiic cang phat trien O cac nha may xi nghiep ap dung nhung day chuyen khoa hoc cong nghe co trinh cao tu dong hoa san xuat hiem nhung cung da thay d ta Do du m uon hay khong tri thiic cung phai tham nhap vao san xuat tao luc ludng san xuat true tiep cong nhan thi nhat dinh 128 phai dUdc tri thtic hoa, neu khong thi ho khong the ton tai nhu chu the cua xa hoi cong nghiep Neu len vai tro lanh dao cua giai cap cong nhan dieu kien xa hoi da budc vao thdi dai phat trien cong nghiep, chinh A ngghen da viet: “Sti nghiep giai phong giai cap cong nhan can phai co nhting bac si, ky sU, nha hoa hoc, nong hoc va cac chuyen gia khac, vi van de la phai nam lay viec quan ly khong phai chi bo may chm h tri, ma ca toan bo nen san xuat xa hoi ntia, va d day can den nhting kien thtic vting c h ic chti khong phai la nhting cau xuong xao oang oan g” N hu vay la, noi den viec xay dUng ngUdi Viet N am phat trien toan dien, can thay d day co hai mat: M ot mat, la viec tri thtic hoa cong nong, tao nhting ngUdi mdi phat trien toan dien long giai cap cong nhan va giai cap nong dan la hai giai cap cd ban cua xa hoi Trong boi canh mdi cua thdi dai cach m ang khoa hoc va cong nghe phat trien nhanh chong va m anh me nhu hien nay, van de tri thtic hoa cong nong khong chi co y nghia nhu viec nang cao dan tri mot cach ddn thuan ma co y nghia chi'nh tri d cho mot cong nong dUdc tri thtic hoa ho khong chi m ang lai nhting san pham co gia tri cao ma cung co vi tri cua ho nhti nhting giai cap cd ban that stf cua thdi dai m6i Chu tich Ho Chi' M inh cting da tting noi: “Chu nghia xa hoi cong vdi khoa hoc, chac c h in se dua loai ngUdi den hanh phuc vo ta n ”2 Dieu cung co nghia la giai cap cong nhan dai dien cho chu nghia xa hoi dUdc tri thtic C.Mac va Ph.Angghen: Sdd, t.22, tr.613-614 Ho Chi Minh: Sdd, t.9, tr.131 129 hoa n im vting khoa hoc va cong nghe thi chac chan se dila loai ngUdi den hanh phuc vo tan Cho nen, van de tri thtic hoa cong nong co the xem nhu mot dieu kien de xay diing ngiidi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien ma d doi ngti tri thtic co trach nhiem nha vdi chinh ban than minh moi quan he lien minh chien lUdc gitia cong nhan, nong dan va tang ldp tri thtic Song, mat khac, viec xay diing ngUdi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien co y nghia rong hdn bao trum ca toan xa hoi ma d doi ngu tri thtic co vai tro quan tren nhieu phUdng dien co y nghia sang tao van hoa Day la viec tao ca ldp ngUdi mdi phat trien toan dien b it nguon tti tang ldp thanh, thieu nien va nhi dong, nhting ngUdi ngoi tren ghe nha trUdng c h u in bi cho the he tUdng lai nam bat vting vang khoa hoc va cong nghe hien dai cua the gidi de trd nhting ngUdi V iet Nam phat trien toan dien theo dung nghia ngUdi mdi thdi dai van minh tri tue Khi ndi den viec xay dUng doi ngu tri thtic mdi thii gtii Dai hoi Quoc te cac sinh vien xa hoi chu nghia, Angghen da the hien ro quan diem ma co le khong chi cd gia tri ddi vdi cac nUdc cd nen kinh te phat trien d phUdng Tay ma la quan diem chung can dUdc quan triet doi vdi nhting nUdc phat trien theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia nhu nUdc ta Ong viet: “Cac ban hay co' g in g lam cho nien y thtic diidc r in g giai cap vo san lao dong tri oc phai dUdc hinh tti hang ngu sinh vien, giai cap dd cd sti menh phai ke vai sat canh va cting dting mot doi ngti vdi nhting ngUdi anh em cua ho, nhting ngUdi cong nhan lao dong chan tay dong vai tro quan trong cuoc cach mang sap tdi day” 1 C.Mac va Ph.Angghen: Sdd, t.22, tr.613 130 Tu: nhiing ly noi tren chung ta co cd sd de khang dinh tieu chi' ngUdi Viet Nam tudng lai cua xa hoi cong nghiep se la ngUdi mang ly tUdng cua giai cap cong nhan theo quan diem chu nghia Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Ho Chi Minh, nhung phai dUdc tri thiic hoa, co du tai nang tri tue, tri liic va tri thiic nhii mot tri thiic thiic thu Ho co the la ngUdi tri thiic nhung la tri thiic cua giai cap cong nhan, co nang liic va hoai bao giai phong khong chi cho minh ma cho ca cac giai cap khac va cho toan dan toe, cho dai da so" nhiing ngUdi von ngheo nan, lac hau Nhu vay, noi den ngUdi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien can phai hieu la san ph&m cua thdi dai van minh mdi doi hoi ngUdi co nang liic tri tue cang cao dap ling dUdc yeu cau cua thdi dai cach m ang khoa hoc va cong nghe, dong thdi phai co pham chat dao diic va loi song tham nhuan chu nghia nhan dao macxit cung nhu chu nghia nhan van Ho Chi Minh Neu ngUdi phat trien toan dien la san pham cua thdi dai mdi, thdi dai cach m ang vo san thi dieu quan la phai tao hoan canh “trong sii phat trien tii cua moi ngUdi la dieu kien cho sii phat trien tii cua tat ca moi ngiidi” nhii Mac, A ngghen doi hoi Tuyen ngon cua D ang cong san Trong boi canh do, ngUdi tri thiic co vai tro xuc tac khong chi den giai cap cong nhan va nong dan ma co the noi den toan xa hoi, co ban than doi ngu tri thiic Neu noi van hoa la nen tang tinh than cua xa hoi, viia la dong liic viia la muc tieu cua phat trien thi d day cung co the noi tri thiic cun g viia la dong liic vu!a la muc tieu cua phat trien Van de xay diing ngiidi V iet Nam phat trien toan dien chUa bao gid dat cap bach nhu hien dat 131 nude ta dang qua trinh day manh su nghiep eong nghiep hoa hien dai hoa boi canh the gidi da budc vao nen van minh mdi Do viec nghien ciiu nhiing quan diem cd ban ve sii nghiep “trong ngiidi" va xav diing ngudi Viet Xam phat trien toan dien cua Ho Chi' Minh luc la cap thiet hdn bao gid het 132 M U C LU C Trang Ldi Nhd xuat ban Ldi ndi dau Chitang I Moi quan he gitia van hoa va viec xay dung ngu'di Viet Nam phat trien toan dien phu hdp vdi thdi ky day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nUdc 11 Chitang II Tuf quan diem cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin den tu tUdng Ho Chi M inh ve ban chat ngUdi 21 Chitang III Tu tUdng Ho Chi M inh va qua trinh hinh ngUdi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien 37 Chitang IV Tu tUdng Ho Chi Minh ve ban chat ngUdi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien 54 Chitang V Tu tUdng Ho Chi Minh ve quan niem va giai phap xay dung ngUdi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien boi canh hien 78 133 Chiiang VI Tu ttfdng Ho Chi' Minh ve van de xay dUng ngiidi Viet Nam phat trien toan dien hoi canh hien 100 Ket luan 134 125 NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC XA HOI 36 Hang Chuoi - Hai Ba Trung - Ha Noi DT: 04.39719073 - Fax: 04.39719071 Website: http://www.vass.gov.vn/nhaxuatban_khxh Email: nxbkhxh@gmail.com TIT THONG HO CHI MINH VOl SIT NGHIEP XAY DUNG CON NGI/CJI VIET NAM PHAT TRIEN TOAN DIEN ★ ★ ★ Chiu trach nhiem xuat ban: TS N G U Y E N X U A N D U N G Bien tap noi dung: N gu yen Thi Phiidng Ky thuat vi tinh: Q u an g N guyen Siia ban in: N gu yen Thi PhUdng Trinh bay bia: N g o T ron g H ien 135 In 1.000 cuon kho 14.5 x 20.5 cm lai Cong T\ In Van Hoa Sai Gon DKKH xuat ban so : 156-2010/CXB/ 12 -19/KHXH In xong va nop lull chieu Quy II nam 2010