O c 10 02 lien ket hoa hoc

www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 11 13 s Li K Ba [Rn]7s2 Franxi [Rn]7s1 [226] Ra 88 Fr [223] [227] Ac Ca Actini [Ar]6d17s2 89 Lantan [Ar]5d16s2 138,9 Bari [Xe]6s2 57 Xezi [Xe]6s1 137,31 La 56 Ba 132,9 Cs 87 55 Yttri [Kr]4d15s2 Stronti [Kr]5s2 88,91 [Kr]5s1 39 Y 87,62 Sr 38 44,96 Sc [Ar]3d14s2 21 Tên Rb 85,47 Canxi [Ar]4s2 Kali [Ar]4s1 40,08 Ca 39,10 K 20 24,31 Magie [Ne]3s2 12 Natri [Ne]3s1 22,99 Beri 1s22s2 Liti 1s22s1 9,01 Be Li 6,94 1s1 Mg 19 37 1,008 H Na 11 Ti 47,87 1s1 H 1,008 91,22 Zr 178,5 180,9 Na [Ar]5f146d27s2 183,85 Mg Al 54,94 Mn Tc [99] 75 Rheni Re 186,2 Tecneti [Kr]4d55s2 43 Mangan [Ar]3d54s2 25 [264] Bh Cr [Ar]5f146d57s2 Bhori 107 [Ar]4f145d56s2 Mn [Ar]5f146d57s1 Seabogi [Ar]5f146d37s2 Dubni [226] Sg 106 [Ar]4f145d56s1 W Vonfram 74 Db 105 [262] Rf [261] 104 Tantal Ta [Ar]4f145d36s2 73 [Kr]4d55s1 95,94 Niobi [Kr]4d35s2 42 Mo 92,91 52,00 Cr Crom [Ar]3d54s1 24 Nb 41 Hafni Hf 50,94 V [Ar]3d34s2 23 [Ar]4f145d26s2 72 Zirconi [Kr]4d25s2 40 Titan [Ar]3d24s2 22 55,85 Fe 190,2 Osmi Os [264] Hs Zn [Ar]5f146d67s2 Hassi 108 [Ar]4f145d66s2 76 Rhuteni [Kr]4d65s2 Ru 44 101,07 [Ar]3d64s2 26 192,2 Ir [268] Mt Cr [Ar]5f146d77s2 Meitneri 109 [Ar]4f145d76s2 77 [Kr]4d75s2 Rh 45 102,91 106,40 Pd Vàng Fe [Ar]5f146d87s2 Ununnili Uun 110 [271] Ni 65,39 Zn [277] Pb [Ar]5f146d 107s2 Ununbi Uub 112 [Ar]4f145d106s2 Hg 80 200,59 Cadimi [Kr]4d105s2 Cd 48 112,41 [Ar]3d104s2 30 Sn [Ar]5f146d107s1 Unununi [272] Uuu 111 [Ar]4f145d106s1 Plantin 79 196,97 [Kr]4d105s1 Ag 47 107,87 Au 195,09 63,55 Cu [Ar]3d104s1 29 Pt [Ar]4f145d86s2 78 [Kr]4d85s2 46 Niken [Ar]3d84s2 58,69 Coban [Ar]3d74s2 28 Ni 58,93 Co 27 10,81 B 69,72 Galli Ga 114,8 In 204,4 Tl 113 H2 phá Tali [A]5d106s2p1 81 [Kr]4d105s2p1 49 [Ar]3d104s2p1 31 72,61 Ge 118,7 Sn 207,2 Pb [289] Cu Uuq 114 Chì [A]5d106s2p2 82 [Kr]4d105s2p2 50 [Ar]3d104s2p2 Germani 32 Silic [Ne]2s22p2 28,09 Nhôm [Ne]2s22p1 14 16,00 209,0 Bi phá Hg 115 Bismut [A]5d106s2p3 83 [Kr]4d105s2p3 phá Ag 116 Pt 117 phá Au 118 phá [A]5d106s2p6 [222] Astali [A]5d106s2p5 86 Poloni [A]5d106s2p4 [210] Xenon [Kr]4d105s2p6 Rn 85 131,3 Xe At [209] [Kr]4d105s2p5 54 [Ar]3d104s2p6 Po 84 [Kr]4d105s2p4 Iot 126,9 Telluri 53 Antimon 127,6 I 52 [Ar]3d104s2p5 Te 121,8 [Ar]3d104s2p4 Ab 51 [Ar]3d104s2p3 Krypton 83,80 Brom 36 Seleni 79,90 Arsenic 35 Kr 78,96 Br 34 39,95 Ar Argon [Ne]2s22p6 18 Se 74,92 35,45 Cl Clo [Ne]2s22p5 17 Neon 1s22s22p6 20,18 Flo 1s22s22p5 10 Ne 19,00 Heli 1s2 F 1,008 He As 33 [Ne]2s22p4 32,07 Photpho [Ne]2s22p3 16 Oxi 1s22s22p4 O S 30,97 P 15 1s22s22p3 14,01 Cacbon 1s22s22p2 N 12,01 C Si 26,98 Al 13 Bo 1s22s22p1 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 cation (ion +) Mm+ + m.e VD: Al3+ Al 1s22s22p63s23p1 + 3e 1s22s22p6 – 3e – n) electron n anion (ion –) –n).e X–(8–n) VD: F + F– 1s22s22p6 1e 1s22s22p5 không khác – O) 1,7 ) Na+ + Cl– 0,4 NaCl H + Cl < 1,7 H Cl < 0,4 Cl + Cl Cl Cl s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 *) cation anion MgCl2… silic… cao (A (C (B (D (A) Na+, Mg+, Al+ (B) Na+, Mg2+, Al4+ (C) Na2+, Mg2+, Al3+ (D) Na+, Mg2+, Al3+ (A (B (C (D (A (C (B (D s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 (A (B + ion O2- (C + ion Cl– + (D ion Cl– (A (B (C (D (A (B (C (D không (A) hai phi kim khác (B (C (D (A) ion (C A (A) K2O B (A) O2 C A) Na2O (B (D (B) N2 (C) H2S (D) MgCl2 không (B) NH3 (C) HF dư i không B) H2S C) CaCl2 D (A) HCl, Cl2, H2 (C) NaCl, NH4NO3, H2O (B) NH3, HCl, NH4Cl (D) H2S, HF, NaF (D) NH4Cl D) KCl s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 E (A) 32, 50, 32, 36, 10 (C) 30, 46, 30, 34, 11 NO3–, SO42–, CO32–, Br–, NH4+ (B) 32, 50, 30, 36, 10 (D) 32, 48, 30, 34, 10 F (A (C) ion (B (D G đơn v n lư A B C D H không (A) (B) (C) (D) (B) (C) (D) (B (C) Iot (D I (A) J (A K (A (C (B (D s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 0 0 VD: Cl2 , N2 , Cu, Fe NaH, CaH2 2O2, 2 Na2O2) VD: CuO, H NO3 , H2 S O4 , H2 O VD: HNO3 +, Ca2+, Cl– – Trong NH3: x + 3.(+1) = x = –3 – Trong HNO3: (+1) + x + 3.(-2) = x = +5 VD: – x =+5 VD: 2(SO4)3 NH4+ (amoni) OH- NO3(nitrat) NO2(nitrit) HCO3- MnO4(pemanganat) -2 CO32(cacbonat) SO42(sunfat) SO32(sunfit) CrO42(cromat) Cr2O72- -3 PO43(photphat) -1 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 L (A) +3, -2, +1, +1 (C) +2, -2, +1, +1 2, H2 (B) 0, 0, 0, (D) +3, -2, 0, M (A) 0, 0, 0, (C) 0, 0, +4, +1 N (A) 2, C, N2 (B) +2, -2, 0, (D) +2, -2,+4, +1 (B) +1 O (A) 0, +2, +3 P (A) 0,-2, -1, -2 Q (A) +2 R (A) +1, +3 S (A) +4, +4, +6, +6 (C) +4, +4, +4, +4 AlCl3 (B) 0, +3, +3 2, Na2O, Na2O2 (B) 0, -2, -2, -2 U (A) -2x (C) +3, +3, +3 (D) 0, -3, -3 n lư (C) -2, -2, -2, -2 (D) 0, -1, -1, -2 (C) +6 (D) -2 (C) +5, +7 (D) +3, +7 24 (B) +4 NO3(B) +3, +5 23 , HSO3-, SO42- HSO4(B) -2, -1, -2, -1 (D) +6, +6, +6, +6 xOy 2y x (D) -2 2O3, T (A) (C) +2 (B) 2y x x (B) +(2x-1) (C) +y (D) –y (C) +(1-2x) (D) +5x s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 VD1: + Na+ Na 1s22s22p63s1 + 1e 1s22s22p6 Na+ + Cl– NaCl – – Cl + Cl– 1e 1s22s22p63s23p5 1s22s22p63s23p6 VD2: 2+ Ca2+ Ca 1s22s22p63s1 + 2e 1s22s22p6 Ca2+ + 2Cl– – – 2Cl + 1s22s22p63s23p5 2.1e 2Cl– 1s22s22p63s23p6 CaCl2 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 V (a) K Cl (b) Na O (c) Mg F (d) Al O W a Na+ (Z = 11), Al3+ (Z = 13), Fe3+ (Z = 26) b F– (Z = 9), O2– (Z = 8), Cl (Z = 17) X Cation R+ s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 VD3: F H + H H F F VD4: 2O O H 2O H + O 2O: H O H H–O–H s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 *) – " 5, VD5: 2, SF6… PCl5 O S O O=S O Cl Cl Y Cl P Cl Cl Cl Cl P Cl Cl Cl 4, H2, SO2, N2 Z 2, a 2O2, b sau: NH3, CO2, Cl2 Cl2, NH3, H2O CO, HNO3, H2SO4 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Câu Câu V (a) C G B D H D B I C B J B C K B B L B B M A A N C B O B A C P A B A Q C C B R B D B S A E A T B F C U B K+ + K 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 1s22s22p63s23p6 Cl + Cl– 1e Na 1s 2s22p63s1 O + 2 1s 2s 2p K+ + Cl– KCl 1s22s22p63s23p6 1s22s22p63s23p5 (b) 1e Na+ + 1e 1s22s22p6 2e O2– 1s22s22p6 2Na+ + O2– Na2O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 (c) + Mg2+ Mg 1s22s22p63s2 + F 1s22s22p6 1e + Al3+ + 2Al3+ O2– 1s22s22p6 2e W Na+ : 1s22s22p6 Al3+ : 1s22s22p6 Fe3+ : 1s22s22p63s23p63d5 F– : 1s22s22p6 b O2– : 1s22s22p6 Cl : 1s22s22p63s23p5 X R Na 22s22p63s1 Y CH4 4H + H H C H H C H CTCT: H C H H H2 2F¯ MgF2 H 3e 1s22s22p6 1s22s22p4 a + 1s22s22p6 Al 2 1s 2s 2p63s23p1 O Mg2+ F¯ 1s22s22p5 (d) 2e + H CTCT: H–H H H + 3O2– Al2O3 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Y SO2 + N N2 CTCT: O S=O O N CTCT: O S O + N N S N Z H2 H H H H Cl2 Cl Cl Cl – Cl NH3 H2O H N H H H O H H N H H H – O –H a H2O2 CO H–O–O–H C O C O O HNO3 H O N H O O S H O O O H2SO4 O H O N H –O O H –O S O O b 3, CO2, Cl2 [...]... www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 VD3: F H + H H F F VD4: 2O O H 2O H + là O 2O: H O H H O H s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 *) – " 5, VD5: 2, SF6… PCl5 2 O S O O=S O Cl Cl Y Cl 5 P Cl Cl Cl Cl P Cl Cl Cl 4, H2, SO2, N2 Z 2, a 2O2 , b sau: NH3, CO2, Cl2 Cl2, NH3, H 2O CO, HNO3, H2SO4 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 C u C u V (a) 1 C G B 2 D H D 3 B I C 4 B J B 5 C K B 6 B L B 7 B M A 8 A N C. .. b O2 – : 1s22s22p6 Cl : 1s22s22p63s23p5 X R là Na 22s22p63s1 Y CH4 4H + H H C H H C H CTCT: H C H H H2 2F¯ MgF2 H 3e 1s22s22p6 1s22s22p4 a + 1s22s22p6 Al 2 2 1s 2s 2p63s23p1 O Mg2+ F¯ 1s22s22p5 (d) 2e + H CTCT: H–H H H + 3O2 – Al 2O3 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Y SO2 + N N2 CTCT: O S =O O N CTCT: O S 2 O + N N S N Z H2 H H H H Cl2 Cl Cl Cl – Cl NH3 H 2O H N H H H O H H N H H H – O –H a H 2O2 CO... www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Y SO2 + N N2 CTCT: O S =O O N CTCT: O S 2 O + N N S N Z H2 H H H H Cl2 Cl Cl Cl – Cl NH3 H 2O H N H H H O H H N H H H – O –H a H 2O2 CO H O O H C O C O O HNO3 H O N H O O S H O O O H2SO4 O H O N H O O H O S O O b 3, CO2, Cl2 ... B 6 B L B 7 B M A 8 A N C 9 B O B A C P A B A Q C C B R B D B S A E A T B F C U B K+ + K 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 1s22s22p63s23p6 Cl + Cl– 1e Na 2 1s 2s22p63s1 O + 2 2 4 1s 2s 2p K+ + Cl– KCl 1s22s22p63s23p6 1s22s22p63s23p5 (b) 1e Na+ + 1e 1s22s22p6 2e O2 – 1s22s22p6 2Na+ + O2 – Na 2O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 (c) + Mg2+ Mg 1s22s22p63s2 + F 1s22s22p6 1e + Al3+ + 2Al3+ O2 – 1s22s22p6 2e W Na+ : 1s22s22p6