s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 electron 11 14 15 ) Li K Ba [Rn]7s2 Franxi [Rn]7s1 [226] Ra 88 Fr [223] [227] Ac Ca Actini [Ar]6d17s2 89 Lantan [Ar]5d16s2 Bari [Xe]6s2 Xezi [Xe]6s1 180,9 Na [Ar]5f146d27s2 183,85 Mg Al 54,94 Mn Tc [99] 75 Rheni Re 186,2 Tecneti [Kr]4d55s2 43 Mangan [Ar]3d54s2 25 [264] Bh Cr [Ar]5f146d57s2 Bhori 107 [Ar]4f145d56s2 Mn [Ar]5f146d57s1 Seabogi [Ar]5f146d37s2 Dubni [226] Sg 106 [Ar]4f145d56s1 W Vonfram 74 Db 105 [262] Rf [261] 104 Tantal Ta [Ar]4f145d36s2 73 [Kr]4d55s1 95,94 Niobi [Kr]4d35s2 42 Mo 92,91 52,00 Cr Crom [Ar]3d54s1 24 Nb 41 Hafni Hf 50,94 V [Ar]3d34s2 23 [Ar]4f145d26s2 72 178,5 57 138,9 137,31 La 56 Ba 132,9 Cs 87 55 Zirconi [Kr]4d25s2 91,22 Zr Yttri [Kr]4d15s2 40 Stronti [Kr]5s2 88,91 [Kr]5s1 39 Y 87,62 47,87 Ti Titan [Ar]3d24s2 22 1s1 H 1,008 Sr 38 44,96 Sc [Ar]3d14s2 21 Tên Rb 85,47 Canxi [Ar]4s2 Kali [Ar]4s1 40,08 Ca 39,10 K 20 24,31 Magie [Ne]3s2 12 Natri [Ne]3s1 22,99 Beri 1s22s2 Liti 1s22s1 9,01 Be Li 6,94 1s1 Mg 19 37 1,008 H Na 11 55,85 Fe 190,2 Osmi Os [264] Hs Zn [Ar]5f146d67s2 Hassi 108 [Ar]4f145d66s2 76 Rhuteni [Kr]4d65s2 Ru 44 101,07 [Ar]3d64s2 26 58,93 Co 192,2 Ir [268] Mt Cr [Ar]5f146d77s2 Meitneri 109 [Ar]4f145d76s2 77 [Kr]4d75s2 Rh 45 102,91 Coban [Ar]3d74s2 27 58,69 Ni 106,40 Pd Vàng Plantin Fe [Ar]5f146d87s2 Ununnili Uun 110 [271] Ni [277] Pb [Ar]5f146d107s Ununbi Uub 112 Sn [Ar]5f146d107s1 Unununi [272] Uuu 111 [Ar]4f145d106s2 Hg [Ar]4f145d106s1 80 200,59 Cadimi [Kr]4d105s2 Cd 48 112,41 Au [Kr]4d105s1 Ag 47 107,87 65,39 Zn [Ar]3d104s2 30 79 196,97 195,09 63,55 Cu [Ar]3d104s1 29 Pt [Ar]4f145d86s2 78 [Kr]4d85s2 46 Niken [Ar]3d84s2 28 10,81 B 69,72 Galli Ga 114,8 In 204,4 Tl 113 H2 phá Tali [A]5d106s2p1 81 [Kr]4d105s2p1 49 [Ar]3d104s2p1 31 72,61 Ge 118,7 Sn 207,2 Pb [289] Cu Uuq 114 Chì [A]5d106s2p2 82 [Kr]4d105s2p2 50 [Ar]3d104s2p2 Germani 32 Silic [Ne]2s22p2 28,09 Nhôm [Ne]2s22p1 14 16,00 209,0 Bi phá Hg 115 Bismut [A]5d106s2p3 83 [Kr]4d105s2p3 phá Ag 116 Pt 117 phá Au 118 phá [A]5d106s2p6 [222] Astali [A]5d106s2p5 86 Poloni [A]5d106s2p4 [210] Xenon [Kr]4d105s2p6 Rn 85 131,3 Xe At [209] [Kr]4d105s2p5 54 [Ar]3d104s2p6 Po 84 [Kr]4d105s2p4 Iot 126,9 Telluri 53 Antimon 127,6 I 52 [Ar]3d104s2p5 Te 121,8 [Ar]3d104s2p4 Ab 51 [Ar]3d104s2p3 Krypton 83,80 Brom 36 Seleni 79,90 Arsenic 35 Kr 78,96 Br 34 39,95 Ar Argon [Ne]2s22p6 18 Se 74,92 35,45 Cl Clo [Ne]2s22p5 17 Neon 1s22s22p6 20,18 Flo 1s22s22p5 10 Ne 19,00 Heli 1s2 F 1,008 He As 33 [Ne]2s22p4 32,07 Photpho [Ne]2s22p3 16 Oxi 1s22s22p4 O S 30,97 P 15 1s22s22p3 14,01 Cacbon 1s22s22p2 N 12,01 C Si 26,98 Al 13 Bo 1s22s22p1 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 – 2.1e +2 + CuO +2e H2 +1 Cu + H2O H2 cho – O – – trình – – VD: 2O3 + H2 Fe + H2O 0 Fe2 O3 + H2 Fe2 6e 2Fe H2 H2 2e Fe2 H2 Fe + H2 O 6e 2Fe H2 + 2e x1 x3 Fe2O3 + 3H2 2Fe + 3H2O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Cách 1: – – – – A+B A AB + C AB + CD C B+C AC + B AD + CB Cách 2: Η < 0) Η > 0) (A) (C) (B) (D) (A) (C) (B) (D) s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 (A) Fe+3 + 3e Fe0 (C) Mn+7 + 5e (B) 2Cl– Mn+2 Cl20 + 2e (D) Cu+2 + 2e Cu0 (A) 2O–2 O20 + 4e (C) N+5 + 3e N+2 (B) Cu0 Cu+2 + 2e (D) Al0 Al+3 + 3e (A (B (C (D (A) 2KHCO3 (C) Ca + Cl2 to K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O (A) 3FeO + 10HNO3 (B) Fe2O3 (C (D) CuO + H2SO (A) 2KNO3 (C) P2O5 + H2 (B) 2Fe(OH)3 to Fe2O3 + 3H2O (D 2O 3)3 + NO + 5H2O + 3H2O + H2O + H2O + O2 3PO4 (B) Fe2O3 (D) CO + O2 2 a FeO + HNO3 c MnO2 + HCl Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O b 2Al + Fe2O3 MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O d Fe+ HNO3 to Al2O3 + 2Fe Fe(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 A Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O (A (C (B) Như (D) Như B Fe(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O nitơ (A (C) Như (B (D C (A) D (A) : to cFe3O4 (B) 2S + bO2 (dư) (B) 3: (C) to cSO2 + dH2 (C) : E (A (B (C (D F (A (B (C (D G (A) 2CO + O2 (B) 2Mg+ O2 (C) N2 + 2O2 (D) NO + O2 2CO2 2MgO 2NO2 NO2 to K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 (D) (D) : s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 H (1) 2SO2 + O2 SO3 (3) 2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O (5) 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 (7) P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 (9) Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O (A) (B) I (1) 4HCl + MnO2 (2) Fe2O3 + CO 2FeO + CO2 (4) MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O (6) 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 (8) KOH + CO2 KHCO3 (10) 2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + Fe (C) (D) + Cl2 + 2H2O + H2 (3) 14HCl + K2Cr2O7 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O + 3H2 (5) 16HCl + 2KMnO4 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O A) B) C) D) s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 – – – – VD1: + HCl Mn Mn x 5e Cl2 + 2e x 2Cl 2Mn 10e 10 Cl – B4: KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O 2KMnO4 + HCl 2Mn 5Cl2 + 10e KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + H2O Cl 2KMnO4 + HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + H2O 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + H2O 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 KL + HNO3 (H2SO4) 2O KL HNO3 (H2SO4) HNO3 (H2SO4 VD2: – B1, B2, B3: to K ClO3 to K Cl 2O KCl + O2 O2 4e x O2 Cl + 6e x2 Cl 6O 3O2 12e 2Cl + 12e 2Cl to 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 2, VD3: – B1, B2, B3: Cl2 + KOH Cl Cl + 1e Cl 5Cl + 5e t + KOH o KCl + KClO3 + H2O to Br2… K Cl + K ClO3 + H2O Cl + 5e x x1 Cl Cl + 5e 5Cl 3Cl2 + 6KOH to 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O H2O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 J a) Cho MnO2 2, 2SO4 K (a) Mg + HNO3 (c) Al + H2SO4 (e) HCl + K2Cr2O7 3)2 + N2O + H2O 2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O + Cl2 + H2O L (b) Al + HNO3 (d) Fe + HNO3 (f) MnO2 + HCl Cl2 H2O 3)2, NO2 H2O 4, S H2O 3)3 + NH4NO3 + H2O 3)3 + NO + H2O MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O 3)3, NO2 H2O i M (a) Cl2 2O to (c) Cl2 + KOH (e) KMnO4 to (b) Cu + H2SO KCl + KClO3 + H2O (d) KClO3 to + SO2 + 2H2O KCl + O2 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 N (a) H2O2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 (b) NaBr + H2SO4 to O2 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O Na2SO4 + SO2 + Br2 + H2O O loãng thu đư t lư ng axit dư, c (b) Tính x 3)2, NO H2O Cho ng đ Đ s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 *) TOPPER Chi 3) TH1: TH2: 2S, FeS2, CuFeS2… VD4: (1) Cu2S + O2 CuO + SO2 (2) FeS + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2SO4 + H2O 2 Xét (1): Cu2 S + O2 Cu , S O2 2 Xét (2): Fe S + HN O3 2 CuO + S O2 2 Fe (NO3 )3 + N O + H2 S O + H2O Fe, S N VD5: Xét (1): FeS2 + O2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2 Fe2O3 + SO2 O2 4e 2O 2FeS2 44e 22O 4FeS2 4Fe 4FeS2 + 11O2 22 x 11 2Fe S 11O2 S + 44e 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 22e x2 FeS, s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 NO2 , NO, N2O KL + HNO3 N2 , NH4NO3 + H2O VD6: Al + HNO3 nNO : nNO Al(NO3)3 + NO2 + NO + H2 N 1e N 2N 6e 3N 7e N + 2N 2N nNO : nNO 1:2 ) 3N 7e Al Al N + 2N x3 3e x7 9N 21e 3N + N 7Al Al 21e 7Al(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 6NO + 15H2O 7Al + 30HNO3 VD7: Mg + HNO3 nN O : nN Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + N2 + H2 4N 18e Mg 2e 9Mg 9Mg + 22HNO3 N2 x1 Mg 4N N2 18e x9 N2 N2 9Mg 18e 9Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + N2 + 11H2O 1:1 1:2 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 P (a) FeS2 + O2 (c) CuS + H2SO4 2O3 + SO2 + SO2 + H2O (b) CuFeS2 + O2 (d) Cu2S + H2SO4 2O3 + SO2 + SO2 + H2O Q a Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2 + NO + H2 b Zn + HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + N2 + N2O + H2 c Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NO + N2O + H2 R N2 nN : nNO 1:2 nN O : nN 2 2:3 nN O : nNO 2:1 2O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 *) xBy VD8: xO y + HNO3 xO y Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O 2y x N 3e N 2y x Fex x Fe (3x - 2y)e (3x 2y)N 2y x 3Fex 3FexOy + (12x –2y)HNO3 x (3x – 2y) x3 3.(3x 2y)e (3x 2y) N 3x Fe 3.(3x - 2y)e 3xFe(NO3)3 + (3x – 2y)NO + (6x – y)H2O S (a) FexOy (b) M + HNO3 M(NO3)n + NO + H2O (c) FeO + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O (d) Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 Câu B Câu A B C B B B C B C D C D E B C F C A G C C H C I A 9 +2 +5 Fe+3 + 1e N+2 + 3e Al23 Fe23 2Fe0 Cl02 + 2e – +4 + 6e Mn+2 + 2e +5 Fe+3 + 3e N21 + 8e J a) 4HCl + MnO2 b) Cu + 4HNO c) 3Mg + 4H2SO4 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O to Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O to 3MgSO4 + S + 4H2O K (a) 4Mg + 10HNO3 3)2 + N2O + 5H2O (b) 8Al + 30HNO3 3)3 + 3NH4NO3 + 9H2O (c) 2Al + 6H2SO4 2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O (d) Fe + 4HNO3 3)3 + NO + 2H2O (e) 14HCl + K2Cr2O7 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O (f) MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O L (a) Fe + 6HNO3 (b) VNO =6,72lÝt Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680.0464 M (a) Cl2 (b) Cu + 2H2SO 2O to (c) 3Cl2 + 6KOH (d) 2KClO3 (e) 2KMnO4 to + SO2 + 2H2O 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O 2KCl + 3O2 to K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 N (a) 5H2O2 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 to (b) 2NaBr + 2H2SO4 Na2SO4 + SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O O (a) 3Cu + 8HNO3 loãng (b) x = 0,9 P (a) 4FeS2 + 11O2 (b) 4CuFeS2 + 13O2 ` (c) CuS + 4H2SO4 (d) Cu2S + 6H2SO4 Q a 16Al + 60HNO3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O 3)2 2O3 + 2NO + 4H2O + 8SO2 2O3 + 8SO2 + 4SO2 + 4H2O + 5SO2 + 6H2O 16Al(NO3)3 + 3N2 + 6NO + 30H2 b 23Zn + 56HNO3 23Zn(NO3)2 + 3N2 + 2N2O + 28H2 c 19Mg + 48HNO3 19Mg(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4N2O + 24H2 R 9Mg + 22HNO3 nN : nNO 1:2 nN O : nN 2 2:3 nN O : nNO 2:1 9Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + N2 + 11H2O S (a) FexOy (b) 3M + 4nHNO3 3M(NO3)n + nNO + 2nH2O (c) (5x - 2y) FeO + (16x - 6y) HNO3 (5x - 2y) Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + (8x - 3y) H2O (d) (5x - 2y) Fe3O4 + (46x - 18y) HNO3 (15x - 6y) Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + (23x - 9y) H2O [...]... 9H 2O (c) 2Al + 6H2SO4 2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H 2O (d) Fe + 4HNO3 3)3 + NO + 2H 2O (e) 14HCl + K2Cr 2O7 3 + 3Cl2 + 7H 2O (f) MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H 2O L (a) Fe + 6HNO3 (b) VNO =6,72lÝt 2 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H 2O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680 .046 4 M (a) Cl2 (b) Cu + 2H2SO 2O 4 to (c) 3Cl2 + 6KOH (d) 2KClO3 (e) 2KMnO4 to + SO2 + 2H 2O 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H 2O 2KCl + 3O2 to K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 N (a) 5H 2O2 + 2KMnO4 +... H 2O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680 .046 4 C u 1 B C u A B 2 C B B 3 B C B 4 C D C 5 D E B 6 C F C 7 A G C 8 C H C I A 9 9 +2 +5 Fe+3 + 1e N+2 + 3e Al23 0 Fe23 2Fe0 Cl02 + 2e – +4 + 6e Mn+2 + 2e 0 +5 Fe+3 + 3e N21 + 8e J a) 4HCl + MnO2 b) Cu + 4HNO c) 3Mg + 4H2SO4 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H 2O to Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H 2O to 3MgSO4 + S + 4H 2O K (a) 4Mg + 10HNO3 3)2 + N 2O + 5H 2O (b) 8Al + 30HNO3 3)3 + 3NH4NO3 + 9H 2O. .. 3H2SO4 to (b) 2NaBr + 2H2SO4 2 Na2SO4 + SO2 + Br2 + 2H 2O O (a) 3Cu + 8HNO3 loãng (b) x = 0,9 P (a) 4FeS2 + 1 1O2 (b) 4CuFeS2 + 1 3O2 ` (c) CuS + 4H2SO4 (d) Cu2S + 6H2SO4 Q a 16Al + 60HNO3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H 2O 3)2 2O3 + 2NO + 4H 2O + 8SO2 2O3 + 8SO2 4 + 4SO2 + 4H 2O 4 + 5SO2 + 6H 2O 16Al(NO3)3 + 3N2 + 6NO + 30H2 b 23Zn + 56HNO3 23Zn(NO3)2 + 3N2 + 2N 2O + 28H2 c 19Mg + 48HNO3 19Mg(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4N 2O + 24H2... www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680 .046 4 *) TOPPER Chi chú 3) TH1: TH2: 2S, FeS2, CuFeS2… VD4: (1) Cu2S + O2 CuO + SO2 (2) FeS + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2SO4 + H 2O 1 2 0 2 Xét (1): Cu2 S + O2 1 2 4 0 Cu , S O2 2 2 5 3 Xét (2): Fe S + HN O3 2 2 CuO + S O2 2 2 6 Fe (NO3 )3 + N O + H2 S O 4 + H 2O 5 Fe, S N VD5: 2 Xét (1): FeS2 + O2 + O2 Fe 2O3 + SO2 Fe 2O3 + SO2 O2 4e 2O 3 2FeS2 2 44e 2 2O 3 4FeS2 4 4Fe 4FeS2 + 1 1O2 ... 22HNO3 N2 x1 2 Mg 4N 0 N2 0 2 18e x9 0 N2 N2 2 9Mg 18e 9Mg(NO3)2 + N 2O + N2 + 11H 2O 1:1 1:2 s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680 .046 4 P (a) FeS2 + O2 (c) CuS + H2SO4 2O3 + SO2 4 + SO2 + H 2O (b) CuFeS2 + O2 (d) Cu2S + H2SO4 2O3 + SO2 4 + SO2 + H 2O Q a Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2 + NO + H2 b Zn + HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + N2 + N 2O + H2 c Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NO + N 2O + H2 R và N2 3 nN : nNO 1:2 2 nN O : nN 2 2 2:3 nN O :... nNO 2 2:1 2O s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680 .046 4 *) xBy VD8: xO y + HNO3 xO y là Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H 2O 2y x 5 N 2 3e N 2y x 3 Fex x Fe (3x - 2y)e 5 (3x 2y)N 2y x 3Fex 3FexOy + (12x –2y)HNO3 x (3x – 2y) x3 2 3.(3x 2y)e (3x 2y) N 3 3x Fe 3.(3x - 2y)e 3xFe(NO3)3 + (3x – 2y)NO + (6x – y)H 2O S (a) FexOy 2 (b) M + HNO3 M(NO3)n + NO + H 2O (c) FeO + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H 2O (d) Fe 3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy... 0 1 1O2 2 8 S + 44e 2Fe 2O3 + 8SO2 22e x2 FeS, s www.TOPPER.com.vn | (04) 6680 .046 4 NO2 , NO, N 2O KL + HNO3 N2 , NH4NO3 + H 2O VD6: Al + HNO3 nNO : nNO Al(NO3)3 + NO2 + NO + H2 5 2 4 N 1e N 5 2N 5 6e 4 3N 2 7e 2 N + 2N 2N nNO : nNO 1:2 ) 2 5 4 3N 7e 0 3 Al Al 2 N + 2N x3 3e x7 5 9N 4 21e 2 3N + 6 N 0 3 7Al 7 Al 21e 7Al(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 6NO + 15H 2O 7Al + 30HNO3 VD7: Mg + HNO3 nN O : nN Mg(NO3)2 + N 2O + N2... 19Mg + 48HNO3 19Mg(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4N 2O + 24H2 R 9Mg + 22HNO3 nN : nNO 1:2 2 nN O : nN 2 2 2:3 nN O : nNO 2 2:1 9Mg(NO3)2 + N 2O + N2 + 11H 2O S (a) FexOy 2 (b) 3M + 4nHNO3 3M(NO3)n + nNO + 2nH 2O (c) (5x - 2y) FeO + (16x - 6y) HNO3 (5x - 2y) Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + (8x - 3y) H 2O (d) (5x - 2y) Fe 3O4 + (46x - 18y) HNO3 (15x - 6y) Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + (23x - 9y) H 2O