Đề cương ôn tập tiếng anh 8 HK 2

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ƠN TẬP TIẾNG ANH HKII A Từ vựng : Từ – 16 B Ngữ pháp: I Verb tenses 1.: The simple present perfect tense 1-Cấu tạo: (+) S + have/ has + pp (-) S + have / has + not + pp (?) Have/ Has + S + pp .? -Yes, S + have/ has -No, S + haven’t/ hasn’t 2- Cách dùng: -Diễn tả việc vừa xảy Ex: She has just arrived at the airport They have begun a new English class recently - Diễn tả việc xảy khơng nhớ rõ thời gian Ex: I have already seen that play Have you ever been to New York? He has not repaired his car yet? - Diễn tả việc xảy q khứ liên quan đến Ex: I have lived in Vinh city since 2004 I have lived in Vinh city for years – Các từ kèm: Just, since, for, recently, yet, never, ever, already, before, so far, it’s the first/ second time…, up to now, up to the present, till now(cho tới bây giờ)… * Vị trí từ: - Just, never, ever, already đứng sau have/ has - Yet, before đứng cuối câu *Notes: yet: dung câu phủ định câu hỏi For + khoảng thời gian Since + mốc thời gian q khứ Never: mang nghĩa phủ định 2: the past continuous tense 1-Th× qu¸ khø tiÕp diƠn: (past continuous) a- Cấu tạo: (+)S + was/ were + V-ing… (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing… (?) Was/ Were + S + V-ing ? -Yes, S + was/ were -No, S + was/ were + not b-C¸ch dïng: -DiƠn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang diƠn t¹i thêi ®iĨm x¸c ®Þnh qu¸ khø Ex: I was watching TV at o’clock last night -DiƠn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y th× hµnh ®éng kh¸c c¾t ngang Ex: When my mother came, I was watching TV (hµnh ®éng nµo x¶y tríc: chia ë QKTD, hµnh ®éng x¶y sau: chia ë QK§ vµ ®i kÌm when) -DiƠn t¶ hµnh ®éng cïng x¶y t¹i thêi ®iĨm x¸c ®Þnh qu¸ khø Ex:While I was watching TV, my father was reading a newspaper c-C¸c tõ ®i kÌm: At o’clock last night, at this time last week/ month/ year, when , while *Mét sè ®éng tõ kh«ng chia ë th× tiÕp diƠn: Hear, know, understand, have, love, like, want, prefer, need, wish… 2-Th× hiƯn t¹i tiÕp diƠn víi always: Mang ý nghÜa than phiỊn vỊ ®iỊu g×: You are always getting up late in winter  Mai is always getting up late in winter - Asks Ss if they often talk in class in order to give the complain Encourage Ss to give the complain about their friends: SA : You are always talking in class  Minh is always talking in class  S + am/ is / are + always + V ing II: Structures 1- : It’s + adjective + to-V - It’s dangerous to swim in that river ( Bơi sông thật nguy hiểm.) - It’s easy to learn English ( Học tiếng Anh dễ.) - It’s difficult to that exercise ( Làm tập khó.) Những tính từ thường gặp cấu trúc là: It’s + easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, important, necessary, interesting, nice, great… => adj + to V… = To V + tobe + adj = V-ing + tobe + adj… 2-: Subject + Verb + adjective + noun clause - They are delighted that you passed your exam (Họ vui bạn thi đậu.) - He was happy that you remembered his birthday ( Ông vui bạn nhớ sinh nhật ông ấy.) - I’m sure that they will come (Tôi chắn họ đến.) Những Adjectives thường gặp cấu trúc là: happy, delighted, sad, sure, certain, relieved, afraid, sorry… PHRASE OF PURPOSE Ta dùng cấu trúc so as (not) to + Vo in order (not) to + Vo để diễn tả mục đích Ví dụ: - I study hard in order to pass the exam - I study hard so as to pass the exam 4: V-ing and V-ed participles - HiƯn t¹i ph©n tõ vµ qu¸ khø ph©n tõ: V-ing and V-ed participles: Có loại Participle Phrases : Present Participle Phrases Past Participle Phrases a Present Participle Phrases: diễn tả ý “đang làm gì” - The boy standing over there is Jack - The boys playing in the garden are his sons b Past Participle Phrases: diễn tả ý thụ động (Passive) - The car made from recycled aluminum cans is dollars - The doll dressed in blue is Mary’s 5-c©u yªu cÇu vµ ®Ị nghÞ: • Chúng ta dùng cách sau để đưa lời đề nghò yêu cầu Lưu ý động từ đứng sau mind phải dạng V-ing (Gerund) Do you mind +V-ing Would you mind - Do you mind opening the window? (Phiền bạn mở dùm cửa sổ.) - Would you mind opening the window? (Phiền bạn mở dùm cửa sổ.) * Nếu đồng ý, ta dùng cách sau đây: - No, I don’t mind - Not at all - No, of course not - No problem * Nếu làm theo yêu cầu, ta dùng cách sau đây: I’m sorry, I can’t - I’m sorry, that is not possible I’m afraid, I can’t • Nếu muốn xin phép cho làm chuyện gì, ta dùng cách sau đây: Do you mind if I + V-htđ Would you mind if I + V-qkđ - Do you mind if I open the window? (Tôi mở cửa sổ có phiền cho bạn không?) - Would you mind if I opened the window? (Tôi mở cửa sổ có phiền cho bạn không?) * Nếu đồng ý, ta dùng cách sau đây: - No, I don’t mind - No, of course not - Not at all - No problem - Please - Please go ahead - * - Nếu không đồng ý, ta dùng cách sau đây: I’d prefer you didn’t I’d rather you didn’t III: passive voice 1-Cách chuyển tư câu chủ động sang bị động: S+V+O S + be + pII + *C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× hiƯn t¹i thêng: S + V-s,es + O by+O S + am/ is/ are + pII + by+ O Ex: The workers make the pens The pens are made by workers *C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× qu¸ khø ®¬n: S + V-ed + O S + was / were + pII + by+ O EX: I visited my grandparents last week My parents were visited by me last week *C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× hiƯn t¹i hoµn thµnh: S + have/ has + V- pII + O S + have/ has + been + pII + by+ O Ex:They have built this house since last week This house has been built since last week (by them) *C©u bÞ ®éng cđa c¸c ®éng tõ khut thiÕu: S + modal + V + O S + modal + be + pII + by+O Ex:He can mend this bike This bike can be mended by him C¸ch chun tõ c©u chđ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng: -X¸c ®Þnh chđ ng÷, ®éng tõ, t©n ng÷ cđa c©u chđ ®éng -T©n ng÷ cđa c©u chđ ®éng chun thµnh chđ ng÷ cđa c©u bÞ ®éng -ViÕt be ë th× cđa ®éng tõ chÝnh c©u chđ ®éng -ViÕt ®éng tõ chÝnh cđa c©u bÞ ®éng ë d¹ng qu¸ khø ph©n tõ -Chđ ng÷ cđa c©u chđ ®éng chun thµnh t©n ng÷ cđa c©u bÞ ®éng, viÕt sau ch÷ BY -NÕu chđ ng÷ lµ ®¹i tõ nh©n xng (they, he, she, we, you) hay ®¹i tõ bÊt ®Þnh (someone, everyone ) cã thĨ bá ë c©u bÞ ®éng -§èi víi ®éng tõ khut thiÕu ë c©u bÞ ®éng, ta thªm BE vµo gi÷a ®éng tõ khut thiÕu vµ ®éng tõ chÝnh (ë d¹ng qu¸ khø ph©n tõ) IV: REPORTED SPEECH * Direct – reported speech: (C©u trùc tiÕp- C©u gi¸n tiÕp) +C©u trùc tiÕp: lµ c©u nãi ®ỵc tht l¹i ®óng nguyªn v¨n lêi cđa ngêi nãi VD:Tom said, “I like reading books” Note: c©u trùc tiÕp ®ỵc viÕt ngc kÐp, vµ ng¨n c¸ch víi mƯnh ®Ị têng tht bëi dÊu phÈy +C©u gi¸n tiÕp: Dïng lêi m×nh ®Ĩ tht l¹i lêi cđa ngêi kh¸c VD: Tom said he liked reading books Note: C©u gi¸n tiÕp kh«ng bÞ ng¨n c¸ch bëi dÊu phÈy, dÊu ngc kÐp vµ lu«n tËn cïng b»ng dÊu chÊm *C©u trùc tiÕp vµ c©u gi¸n tiÕp bao giê còng gåm hai phÇn: -C©u têng tht/ mƯnh ®Ị têng tht -C©u trùc tiÕp hay c©u gi¸n tiÕp C©u trùc tiÕp: Tom said, “I like reading books” C©u gi¸n tiÕp: Tom said he liked reading books *Nh÷ng thay ®ỉi chun tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp : -§ỉi ng«i, ®ỉi th×, tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn theo quy t¾c 1-§ỉi chđ ng÷, t©n ng÷ vµ c¸c tõ chØ së h÷u cho phï hỵp víi ®èi tỵng vµ ng÷ c¶nh têng tht Tom said, “I like reading books” > Tom said he liked reading books He said to me, “You can take my book” > He said (that) I could take his book” 3-§ỉi tõ chØ thêi gian, n¬i chèn: Trùc tiÕp This These Here Now Ago Today Tonight Tomorrow Yesterday Last night/ week/ month/ year Next week/ month/ year Gi¸n tiÕp That Those There Then/ at one/ immediately Before That day That night The next/ following day The day before/ the previous day The night/ week/ month/ year before hc the previous night… The following week/ month/ year * C¸c d¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp chun sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp: 1-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u ph¸t biĨu: *C¸ch chun: -LỈp l¹i tõ said/ say -Bá ngc kÐp, bá dÊu phÈy -Thay ®ỉi th×, tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn, ng«i cho phï hỵp víi nghÜa cđa c©u (nÕu cã) *C«ng thøc: Trùc tiÕp: S + said, “ Clause” >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + said + (that) Clause (lïi th×) VD: Lan said: “I am a student” >Lan said (that) she was a student 2-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u cÇu khiÕn, c©u mƯnh lƯnh: *C¸ch chun: -§ỉi ®éng tõ say >tell, said >told, sau ®ã thªm t©n ng÷ vµo sau nã -Bá dÊu phÈy, dÊu ngc kÐp, dÊu chÊm than, tõ please (nÕu cã) -§ỉi ®¹i tõ nh©n xng, tÝnh tõ së h÷u, tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian, n¬i chèn (nÕu cÇn thiÕt) +Kh¼ng ®Þnh: Trùc tiÕp: S + say/ said, “V…” >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + tell/ told + O + to + V… VD: She said, “Close the books, please!” >She told the students to close the books +Phđ ®Þnh: Trùc tiÕp: S + say/ said, “Don’t + V…” >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + tell/ told + O + not + to + V VD: She said, “Don’t sit down!” >She told me not to sit down 3-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u hái ®¶o (Yes/ No- questions) *C¸ch chun: -§ỉi said >asked (hc wanted to know/ wondered) sau ®ã thªm t©n ng÷ (nÕu cÇn thiÕt) -Bá dÊu ngc kÐp, dÊu phÈy vµ dÊu hái -§Ỉt If/ whether lªn tríc chđ ng÷ cđa c©u gi¸n tiÕp +®éng tõ lïi th× -§ỉi ng«i, ®ỉi tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn(nÕu cÇn thiÕt) Trùc tiÕp: Do/ Does/ Did + S + V ? >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + V-lïi th×… VD: “Do you go to school?” he said >He asked me whether/ if I went to school +D¹ng ®éng tõ khut thiÕu: Trùc tiÕp: Can/ shall/ will+ S + V….? >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + could/ should/ would + V-(BI)… VD: Mary said to Nam, “Can you speak English?” >Mary asked Nam if/ whether he could speak English 4-D¹ng c©u trùc tiÕp lµ c©u hái cã tõ ®Ĩ hái: (Wh-questions) *C¸ch chun: -§ỉi said >asked (hc wanted to know/ wondered) sau ®ã thªm t©n ng÷ (nÕu cÇn thiÕt) -Bá dÊu ngc kÐp, dÊu phÈy vµ dÊu hái -§Ỉt tõ hái wh lªn tríc chđ ng÷ cđa c©u gi¸n tiÕp +®éng tõ lïi th× -§ỉi ng«i, ®ỉi tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn(nÕu cÇn thiÕt) *C«ng thøc: Trùc tiÕp: Tõ hái + do/ does/ did + S + V ? >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + tõ hái + S + V-lïi th×… VD: “Where you live?” he said >He asked me where I lived +D¹ng ®éng tõ khut thiÕu: Trùc tiÕp: Tõ hái + can/ shall/ will+ S + V ? >Gi¸n tiÕp: S + asked + O + Tõ hái + S + could/ should/ would + V… VD: Mary said to Nam, “How can you speak English?” >Mary asked Nam how he could speak English *Víi TOBE: VD1: “Are you a student?” She asked me >She asked me if I was a student VD2: “Is she doing her homework?” Mary asked him >Mary asked him if she was doing her homework VD3: “What are you doing?” Mai said to Hoa >Mai asked Hoa what she was doing V: COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun V-ing / TO-INFINITIVE QUESTIONS WORDS BEFORE TO-INFINITIVES: Wh-word + to-infinitive Những động từ thường dùng cấu trúc là: tell, show, point out, learn … - He told me what to - He showed us how to open the box - He pointed out where to get tickets VERB + TO-INFINITIVE Những động từ thường dùng cấu trúc là: start, begin, decide, want, try, manage, would like, agree, … - I want to buy a new shirt - He decided to go home - They started to run COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun – V-ing - Fire- making contest - Rice-cooking festival - Clothes-washing machine C Exercises I Choose the correct words or phrases to fill in the blanks: She hasn’t finished the letter _(already / yet / never ) Lan’s studying hard pass the final exam ( as to / in order to) Do you mind the window ? ( close / closing / to close ) I am happy all the exams ( to pass / passing / pass ) Finally, we decided _ to the concert ( going / go / to go ) The boy next to Hoa is a new comer ( sits / sitting / to sit ) 7.Would you mind if I _ you a question ( asking / to ask / asked ) Ba _ a shower at o’clock last night ( is talking / was talking ) He he was aplumber ( says / said / to say ) 10 It is a _ contest.(cooking - rice / riced - cooking / rice – cooking ) 11 Which of the following is not a wonder of the world ? ( Angkor Wat / Big Ben / Hanging Gardens of Babylon ) 12 Last week, our school held ( a contest arranging – flower / an arranging – flower contest / a flower – arranging contest ) 13 Would you mind if I _ off the light ( turning / turn / turned ) 14 Empty milk bottels are by the milkmen in Britan (collect / collecting / collected ) 15 Can I get you some madicine ? This sentence is a(n) _ ( offer / request / promise ) 16 You can only see the nowadays ( Hangig Gardens of Babylon / Statue of Zues / Piramid of cheops ) 17 We are watching a _ on TV ( fighting – bull festival / bull – fighting festival / festival bull fighting ) 18 A: Could you call an ambulance, please ? B: ( all right / yes, please / I’m glad ) 19 The school gate at 5.30 PM every day ( lock / locks / is locked ) 20.This is a picture os Mount Rushnore where a heads of a four American presidents are into the rock ( put / carved / cut ) 21 I can see a boy a water buffalo ( ride / riding / to ride ) 22 It is _ to travel around Vietnam ( interesting / interested / interestedly ) 23 Cool the burns immediately so as to tissu damage ( ease / relieve / minimize ) 24 Milk bottels can be _ after being cleaned (recycled / thrown away / broken / reused) 25 We are looking for ward to _ you in May ( seeing / see / to see / be seen ) 26 The Piramid of cheops is one of the seven of the world ( pyramids / temples / wonders 27 Angkor Wat _ around 1100 to honor a Hindu God ( is built / was built / has been built ) 28 What is a _ contest ? ( fire – making / fires – making / fire – make ) 29 Do you mind if I here ? ( sitting / to sit / sit ) 30 The boy a book is Ba ( reading / read / to read ) 31 I _ Cuba in 1990 ( visit / visited / have visited ) 32 Don’t forget to give the vitim a cup of tea when he ( revives / revive / reviving ) 33 It’s _ to travel around Vienam ( interesting / interested / interest ) 34 Milions of Christmas cards every year ( were sent / are sent / send / is sending ) II Write complete sentences: Sydney Opera House / complete / 1973 Nhi asked Nga / she know / My Son You / finish / homework / yet, Ba ? The Le family / sleep / when / the mailman / come We / delighted / you / instrested / protect / environment While / I / dinner / phone / ring When / the poem / write ? The celabration / will / hold / tomorrow They / play / tennis /10.30 yesterday morning 10 I / have / wonderful time / Sydney 11 Eiffel Tower / design / Alexandre Gustave Eiffel / 1889 12 I / like / learn English 13 She / often / use / it / for reading 14 Last week / she / buy / English – Vietnamese dictionary 15 She / always / want / improve her English III Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first: Do you want to visit Ho Chi Minh City She asked me The cats has broken many bowls and dishes Many bowls and Could you send the letter for me ? Would you mind Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem in 1823 The poem “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children The children said The last time I played tennis was 2003 I haven’t She said : “ Can you speak Spanish, Minh ?” She I asked Nam : “Are free toninght ?” I He said to me : “ I don’t know what Lan is doing” He 10 Ba invited Liz to the rice – cooking festival Liz IV Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verb in brackets Last night, I _ ( walk ) along a country road when suddenly I _ ( hear ) footsteps behind me A new supermarket ( build ) next year They ( hold ) the rice – cooking festival every two years Nga advised Nhi how ( go ) from My Son to Hoi An The rice – cooking festival _ ( hold ) every two years The letter _ ( post ) a week ago and it _ ( arrive ) yesterday My mother ( wait ) for me when I _ ( come ) home The light ( go ) out while we ( have ) dinner “What _ you ( ) this time yesterday ?” 10 It suddenly _( begin ) to rain while Laura _( sit ) in the garden 11 It is late, so we decided _ ( take ) a taxi home 12 It started _ ( rain ) when they left home 13 Don’t forget _ ( turn off ) the lights before _( go ) out 14 I ( have ) to go to the dentist last Sunday 15 Ann ( ) her homework at o’clock this morning 16 Would you mind if I _ ( open ) the door 17 Nga told Nhi what ( ) there during the visit V Change the following sentences into passive voice: The performed Christmas songs for people in town Mr Thanh didn’t teach me last year Does Viet Nam export rice to many countries ? They have just built a new church near my house Somebody must something for these poor men People speak English and French in Canada People say that he is the best doctor Bell invented the telephone in 1876 They will laugh at you wear that silly hat 10 Miss Thanh taught me to draw the Christmas cards 11 My grandfather built this house over 40 years ago VI Change these sentences into active voice : They will be helped by the kind man French isn’t taught in this school Was this symphony written by Mozart ? The Christmas trees were decorated and put at the front door My camera was stolen from my hotel room a few day ago Most of the question can be answered by Nam A new supermarket is going to be built next year How often are these animals fed ? VII.Rewrite these sentences, using reperted speech: He said to us : “You are my best friends” Nam said : “Lan wants to come here but she isn’t very well” He said to friends : “I must go home now” Lan said : “I don’t know how to these exercises” Nien asked Hoa : “Do you have many friends ?” Thanh said to her teacher: “I will finish my execises at home” Tom said : “ I am student.” Nga to her brother : “I can’t answer this question” Charles said : “I’m living in London now.” 10 Johnny said to me “I don’t know what Fred is doing.” 11 She said : “I will answer the phone.” 12 July said : “John wants to come here but he isn’t very well.” 13 Susan said : “ My sister is coming to see me next week.” 14 Judy said to me : “I’m going away for a few days I’ll phone you when I get back.” VIII Combine each pair of sentences, using in oder ( not ) to or so as ( not ) to : He always drives carefully He doesn’t want to cause accidents The boy stood on the benches They want to get a better wiew Nam is studying very hard He wants to keep pace with his classmates We turned out the lights We didn’t want to waste electricity He moved to the front row He could hear the speaker better I wish to have enough money I want to buy a new house Thanh and Na are going to Australia They want to learn English We hurried to school We didn’t want to be late T went to the college I wanted to see Professor Taylor 10 She wore warm clothes She didn’t want to get cold IX Matching column A with column B: A Petronas Twin Towers a Stonehenge b Statue of Zeus c The temple of Literature d The Great Wall of China e Eiffel Tower f Big Ben g The Piramid of Cheops h Taj Mahal i 10 Hangig Gardens of Babylon j 11 Sydney Opera House k 12 Angkor Thom l 13 The Statue of Liberty m 14 Colosseum 15 Angkor Wat 16 Great Barrier Reef B England Combodia The United State of American China France Malaysia Egypt India Iraq Australia Italy Greece Viet Nam X Combine each pair of sentences, using present participle (V-ing) or past participle (V-ed): The baby is crying for her mother She is sitting in an armchair The boy was taken to the hospital He was injured in the accident Do you know the man ? The man is talking to Tom The window has been repaired It was broken last night The taxi broke down It was talking us to the airport The end ! 10