Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: -Xác định chủ ngữ, động từ, tân ngữ của câu chủ động.. -Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động chuyển thành tân ngữ của câu bị động, viết sau chữ BY.. -Đố
Trang 1ĐỀ CƯƠNG ễN TẬP TIẾNG ANH 8 HKII
A Từ vựng : Từ bài 9 – 16
B Ngữ phỏp:
I Verb tenses
1.: The simple present perfect tense
1-Cấu tạo: (+) S + have/ has + pp
(-) S + have / has + not + pp
(?) Have/ Has + S + pp ?
-Yes, S + have/ has.
-No, S + haven’t/ hasn’t.
2- Cỏch dựng:
-Diễn tả 1 sự việc vừa mới xảy ra
Ex: She has just arrived at the airport
They have begun a new English class recently
- Diễn tả sự việc xảy ra khụng nhớ rừ thời gian
Ex: I have already seen that play
Have you ever been to New York?
He has not repaired his car yet?
- Diễn tả một sự việc đó xảy ra trong quỏ khứ và cũn liờn quan đến hiện tại
Ex: I have lived in Vinh city since 2004
I have lived in Vinh city for 4 years
3 – Cỏc từ đi kốm:
Just, since, for, recently, yet, never, ever, already, before, so far, it’s the first/ second time…, up to now, up to the present, till now(cho tới bõy giờ)…
* Vị trớ của cỏc từ: - Just, never, ever, already đứng ngay sau have/ has
- Yet, before đứng cuối cõu
*Notes: yet: chỉ dung trong cõu phủ định và cõu hỏi
For + khoảng thời gian
Since + mốc thời gian ở quỏ khứ
Never: mang nghĩa phủ định
2: the past continuous tense
1-Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn: (past continuous)
a- Cấu tạo:
(+)S + was/ were + V-ing…
(-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing…
(?) Was/ Were + S + V-ing ?
-Yes, S + was/ were
-No, S + was/ were + not
b-Cách dùng:
-Diễn tả 1 hành động đang diễn ra tại 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Ex: I was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night
-Diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác cắt ngang
Ex: When my mother came, I was watching TV
(hành động nào xảy ra trớc: chia ở QKTD, hành động xảy ra sau: chia ở QKĐ và đi kèm when)
-Diễn tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Ex:While I was watching TV, my father was reading a newspaper
c-Các từ đi kèm:
At 8 o’clock last night, at this time last week/ month/ year, when , while.
*Một số động từ không chia ở thì tiếp diễn:
Hear, know, understand, have, love, like, want, prefer, need, wish…
Trang 22-Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với always: Mang ý nghĩa than phiền về điều gì:
You are always getting up late in winter
Mai is always getting up late in winter
- Asks Ss if they often talk in class in order to give the complain
Encourage Ss to give the complain about their friends:
SA : You are always talking in class
Minh is always talking in class
S + am/ is / are + always + V ing
II: Structures
1- : It’s + adjective + to-V
- It’s dangerous to swim in that river ( Bụi ụỷ con soõng ủoự thaọt nguy hieồm.)
- It’s easy to learn English ( Hoùc tieỏng Anh raỏt deó.)
- It’s difficult to do that exercise ( Laứm baứi taọp ủoự raỏt khoự.)
Nhửừng tớnh từ thửụứng gaởp trong caỏu truực naứy laứ:
It’s + easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, important, necessary, interesting, nice, great…
=> adj + to V… = To V + tobe + adj = V-ing + tobe + adj…
2-: Subject + Verb + adjective + noun clause
- They are delighted that you passed your exam (Hoù raỏt vui khi baùn thi ủaọu.)
- He was happy that you remembered his birthday ( OÂng aỏy raỏt vui khi baùn nhụự sinh nhaọt cuỷa oõng aỏy.)
- I’m sure that they will come (Toõi chaộc chaộn hoù seừ ủeỏn.)
Nhửừng Adjectives thửụứng gaởp trong caỏu truực naứy laứ:
happy, delighted, sad, sure, certain, relieved, afraid, sorry…
3 PHRASE OF PURPOSE
Ta coự theồ duứng caỏu truực so as (not) to + Vo hoaởc in order (not) to + Vo ủeồ dieón taỷ 1 muùc ủớch.
Vớ duù: - I study hard in order to pass the exam.
- I study hard so as to pass the exam
4: V-ing and V-ed participles
- Hiện tại phân từ và quá khứ phân từ: V-ing and V-ed participles:
Coự 2 loaùi Participle Phrases : Present Participle Phrases vaứ Past Participle Phrases.
a Present Participle Phrases: dieón taỷ yự “ủang laứm gỡ”
- The boy standing over there is Jack.
- The boys playing in the garden are his sons.
b Past Participle Phrases: dieón taỷ yự thuù ủoọng (Passive)
- The car made from recycled aluminum cans is 5 dollars.
- The doll dressed in blue is Mary’s.
5-câu yêu cầu và đề nghị:
• Chuựng ta coự theồ duứng 1 trong nhửừng caựch sau ủaõy ủeồ ủửa ra 1 lụứi ủeà nghũ hoaởc yeõu caàu
Lửu yự ủoọng tửứ ủửựng sau mind phaỷi ụỷ daùng V-ing (Gerund)
Do you mind +V-ing
Would you mind
- Do you mind opening the window? (Phieàn baùn mụỷ duứm cửỷa soồ.)
- Would you mind opening the window? (Phieàn baùn mụỷ duứm cửỷa soồ.)
* Neỏu ủoàng yự, ta coự theồ duứng 1 trong nhửừng caựch sau ủaõy:
- No, I don’t mind
- No, of course not
- Not at all
- No problem
* Neỏu khoõng theồ laứm theo yeõu caàu, ta coự theồ duứng 1 trong nhửừng caựch sau ủaõy:
Trang 3- I’m sorry, I can’t.
- I’m afraid, I can’t - I’m sorry, that is not possible.
• Nếu muốn xin phép cho mình làm chuyện gì, ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây:
Do you mind if I + V-htđ
Would you mind if I + V-qkđ
- Do you mind if I open the window? (Tôi mở cửa sổ có phiền cho bạn không?)
- Would you mind if I opened the window? (Tôi mở cửa sổ có phiền cho bạn không?)
* Nếu đồng ý, ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây:
- No, I don’t mind
- No, of course not
- Not at all
- No problem
- Please do
- Please go ahead
* Nếu không đồng ý, ta có thể dùng 1 trong
những cách sau đây:
- I’d prefer you didn’t.
- I’d rather you didn’t.
Trang 4III: passive voice
1-C
ỏch chuyển tư cõu chủ động sang bị động :
S + V + O
S + be + pII + by+O
*Câu bị động ở thì hiện tại thờng:
S + V-s,es + O
S + am/ is/ are + pII + by+ O
Ex: The workers make the pens
The pens are made by workers
*Câu bị động ở thì quá khứ đơn:
S + V-ed + O
S + was / were + pII + by+ O
EX: I visited my grandparents last week
My parents were visited by me last week
*Câu bị động ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
S + have/ has + V- pII + O
S + have/ has + been + pII + by+ O
Ex:They have built this house since last week
This house has been built since last week (by them)
*Câu bị động của các động từ khuyết thiếu:
S + modal + V + O
S + modal + be + pII + by+O
Ex:He can mend this bike
This bike can be mended by him
Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
-Xác định chủ ngữ, động từ, tân ngữ của câu chủ động
-Tân ngữ của câu chủ động chuyển thành chủ ngữ của câu bị động
-Viết be ở thì của động từ chính trong câu chủ động
-Viết động từ chính của câu bị động ở dạng quá khứ phân từ
-Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động chuyển thành tân ngữ của câu bị động, viết sau chữ BY
-Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ nhân xng (they, he, she, we, you) hay đại từ bất định (someone, everyone ) có thể bỏ ở câu
bị động
-Đối với động từ khuyết thiếu ở câu bị động, ta thêm BE vào giữa động từ khuyết thiếu và động từ chính (ở dạng quá khứ phân từ)
IV: REPORTED SPEECH
* Direct – reported speech : (Câu trực tiếp- Câu gián tiếp)
+Câu trực tiếp: là câu nói đợc thuật lại đúng nguyên văn lời của ngời nói
VD:Tom said, “I like reading books”
Note: câu trực tiếp đợc viết trong ngoặc kép, và ngăn cách với mệnh đề tờng thuật bởi dấu phẩy.
4
Trang 5+Câu gián tiếp: Dùng lời mình để thuật lại lời của ngời khác.
VD: Tom said he liked reading books
Note: Câu gián tiếp không bị ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy, dấu ngoặc kép và luôn tận cùng bằng dấu chấm.
*Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp bao giờ cũng gồm hai phần:
-Câu tờng thuật/ mệnh đề tờng thuật
-Câu trực tiếp hay câu gián tiếp
Câu trực tiếp: Tom said, “I like reading books”
Câu gián tiếp: Tom said he liked reading books
*Những thay đổi khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp :
-Đổi ngôi, đổi thì, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo quy tắc
1-Đổi chủ ngữ, tân ngữ và các từ chỉ sở hữu cho phù hợp với đối tợng và ngữ cảnh tờng thuật
Tom said, “I like reading books”
> Tom said he liked reading books
He said to me, “You can take my book”
> He said (that) I could take his book”
3-Đổi từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn:
This
These
Here
Now
Ago
Today
Tonight
Tomorrow
Yesterday
Last night/ week/ month/ year
Next week/ month/ year
That Those There Then/ at one/ immediately
Before That day That night The next/ following day
The day before/ the previous day The night/ week/ month/ year before hoặc the previous night… The following week/ month/ year
* Các dạng câu trực tiếp chuyển sang câu gián tiếp:
1-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu phát biểu:
*Cách chuyển:
-Lặp lại từ said/ say
-Bỏ ngoặc kép, bỏ dấu phẩy
-Thay đổi thì, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, ngôi cho phù hợp với nghĩa của câu (nếu có)
*Công thức:
Trực tiếp: S + said, “ Clause”
>Gián tiếp: S + said + (that) Clause (lùi thì)
VD: Lan said: “I am a student”
>Lan said (that) she was a student
2-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu cầu khiến, câu mệnh lệnh:
*Cách chuyển:
-Đổi động từ say >tell, said >told, sau đó thêm tân ngữ vào sau nó
-Bỏ dấu phẩy, dấu ngoặc kép, dấu chấm than, từ please (nếu có)
-Đổi đại từ nhân xng, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn (nếu cần thiết)
+Khẳng định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said, “V…”
>Gián tiếp: S + tell/ told + O + to + V…
VD: She said, “Close the books, please!”
5
Trang 6>She told the students to close the books.
+Phủ định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said, “Don’t + V…”
>Gián tiếp: S + tell/ told + O + not + to + V
VD: She said, “Don’t sit down!”
>She told me not to sit down
3-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu hỏi đảo (Yes/ No- questions)
*Cách chuyển:
-Đổi said >asked (hoặc wanted to know/ wondered) sau đó thêm tân ngữ (nếu cần thiết)
-Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép, dấu phẩy và dấu hỏi
-Đặt If/ whether lên trớc chủ ngữ của câu gián tiếp +động từ lùi thì.
-Đổi ngôi, đổi từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn(nếu cần thiết)
Trực tiếp: Do/ Does/ Did + S + V ?
>Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + V-lùi thì…
VD: “Do you go to school?” he said
>He asked me whether/ if I went to school
+Dạng động từ khuyết thiếu:
Trực tiếp: Can/ shall/ will+ S + V….?
VD: Mary said to Nam, “Can you speak English?”
>Mary asked Nam if/ whether he could speak English
4-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: (Wh-questions)
*Cách chuyển:
-Đổi said >asked (hoặc wanted to know/ wondered) sau đó thêm tân ngữ (nếu cần thiết)
-Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép, dấu phẩy và dấu hỏi
-Đặt từ hỏi wh lên trớc chủ ngữ của câu gián tiếp +động từ lùi thì.
-Đổi ngôi, đổi từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn(nếu cần thiết)
*Công thức: Trực tiếp: Từ hỏi + do/ does/ did + S + V ?
>Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + từ hỏi + S + V-lùi thì…
VD: “Where do you live?” he said
>He asked me where I lived
+Dạng động từ khuyết thiếu:
Trực tiếp: Từ hỏi + can/ shall/ will+ S + V ?
VD: Mary said to Nam, “How can you speak English?”
>Mary asked Nam how he could speak English
*Với TOBE:
VD1: “Are you a student?” She asked me
>She asked me if I was a student
VD2: “Is she doing her homework?” Mary asked him
>Mary asked him if she was doing her homework
VD3: “What are you doing?” Mai said to Hoa
>Mai asked Hoa what she was doing
V: COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun V-ing / TO-INFINITIVE
6
Trang 71 QUESTIONS WORDS BEFORE TO-INFINITIVES: Wh-word + to-infinitive
Những động từ thường dùng trong cấu trúc này là: tell, show, point out, learn …
- He told me what to do
- He showed us how to open the box
- He pointed out where to get tickets
2 VERB + TO-INFINITIVE
Những động từ thường dùng trong cấu trúc này là:
start, begin, decide, want, try, manage, would like, agree, …
- I want to buy a new shirt
- He decided to go home
- They started to run
- Fire- making contest
- Rice-cooking festival
- Clothes-washing machine
I Choose the correct words or phrases to fill in the blanks:
1 She hasn’t finished the letter _(already / yet / never )
2 Lan’s studying hard pass the final exam ( as to / in order to)
3 Do you mind the window ? ( close / closing / to close )
4 I am happy all the exams ( to pass / passing / pass )
5 Finally, we decided _ to the concert ( going / go / to go )
6 The boy next to Hoa is a new comer ( sits / sitting / to sit )
7.Would you mind if I _ you a question ( asking / to ask / asked )
8 Ba _ a shower at 8 o’clock last night ( is talking / was talking )
9 He he was aplumber ( says / said / to say )
10 It is a _ contest.(cooking - rice / riced - cooking / rice – cooking )
11 Which of the following is not a wonder of the world ? ( Angkor Wat / Big Ben / Hanging Gardens of Babylon )
12 Last week, our school held ( a contest arranging – flower / an arranging – flower contest / a flower – arranging contest )
13 Would you mind if I _ off the light ( turning / turn / turned )
14 Empty milk bottels are by the milkmen in Britan (collect / collecting / collected )
15 Can I get you some madicine ? This sentence is a(n) _ ( offer / request / promise )
16 You can only see the nowadays ( Hangig Gardens of Babylon / Statue of Zues / Piramid of cheops )
17 We are watching a _ on TV ( fighting – bull festival / bull – fighting festival / festival bull fighting )
18 A: Could you call an ambulance, please ?
B: ( all right / yes, please / I’m glad )
19 The school gate at 5.30 PM every day ( lock / locks / is locked )
20.This is a picture os Mount Rushnore where a heads of a four American presidents are into the rock ( put / carved / cut )
21 I can see a boy a water buffalo ( ride / riding / to ride )
22 It is _ to travel around Vietnam ( interesting / interested / interestedly )
23 Cool the burns immediately so as to tissu damage ( ease / relieve / minimize )
24 Milk bottels can be _ after being cleaned (recycled / thrown away / broken / reused)
25 We are looking for ward to _ you in May ( seeing / see / to see / be seen )
7
Trang 826 The Piramid of cheops is one of the seven of the world ( pyramids / temples / wonders
27 Angkor Wat _ around 1100 to honor a Hindu God ( is built / was built / has been built )
28 What is a _ contest ? ( fire – making / fires – making / fire – make )
29 Do you mind if I here ? ( sitting / to sit / sit )
30 The boy a book is Ba ( reading / read / to read )
31 I _ Cuba in 1990 ( visit / visited / have visited )
32 Don’t forget to give the vitim a cup of tea when he ( revives / revive / reviving )
33 It’s _ to travel around Vienam ( interesting / interested / interest )
34 Milions of Christmas cards every year ( were sent / are sent / send / is sending )
II Write complete sentences:
1 Sydney Opera House / complete / 1973
2 Nhi asked Nga / she know / My Son
3 You / finish / homework / yet, Ba ?
4 The Le family / sleep / when / the mailman / come
5 We / delighted / you / instrested / protect / environment
6 While / I / dinner / phone / ring
7 When / the poem / write ?
8 The celabration / will / hold / tomorrow
9 They / play / tennis /10.30 yesterday morning
10 I / have / wonderful time / Sydney
11 Eiffel Tower / design / Alexandre Gustave Eiffel / 1889
12 I / like / learn English
13 She / often / use / it / for reading
14 Last week / she / buy / English – Vietnamese dictionary
15 She / always / want / improve her English
III Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first:
1 Do you want to visit Ho Chi Minh City
She asked me
2 The cats has broken many bowls and dishes
Many bowls and
3 Could you send the letter for me ?
Would you mind
4 Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem in 1823
The poem
5 “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children
The children said
6 The last time I played tennis was 2003
I haven t ’
7 She said : “ Can you speak Spanish, Minh ?”
She
8 I asked Nam : “Are free toninght ?”
I
9 He said to me : “ I don’t know what Lan is doing”
He
10 Ba invited Liz to the rice – cooking festival
Liz
IV Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1 Last night, I _ ( walk ) along a country road when suddenly I _ ( hear ) footsteps behind me
2 A new supermarket ( build ) next year
3 They ( hold ) the rice – cooking festival every two years
4 Nga advised Nhi how ( go ) from My Son to Hoi An
5 The rice – cooking festival _ ( hold ) every two years
6 The letter _ ( post ) a week ago and it _ ( arrive ) yesterday
8
Trang 97 My mother ( wait ) for me when I _ ( come ) home
8 The light ( go ) out while we ( have ) dinner
9 “What _ you ( do ) this time yesterday ?”
10 It suddenly _( begin ) to rain while Laura _( sit ) in the garden
11 It is late, so we decided _ ( take ) a taxi home
12 It started _ ( rain ) when they left home
13 Don’t forget _ ( turn off ) the lights before _( go ) out
14 I ( have ) to go to the dentist last Sunday
15 Ann ( do ) her homework at 8 o’clock this morning
16 Would you mind if I _ ( open ) the door
17 Nga told Nhi what ( do ) there during the visit
V Change the following sentences into passive voice:
1 The performed Christmas songs for people in town
2 Mr Thanh didn’t teach me last year
3 Does Viet Nam export rice to many countries ?
4 They have just built a new church near my house
5 Somebody must do something for these poor men
6 People speak English and French in Canada
7 People say that he is the best doctor
8 Bell invented the telephone in 1876
9 They will laugh at you wear that silly hat
10 Miss Thanh taught me to draw the Christmas cards
11 My grandfather built this house over 40 years ago
VI Change these sentences into active voice :
1 They will be helped by the kind man
2 French isn’t taught in this school
3 Was this symphony written by Mozart ?
4 The Christmas trees were decorated and put at the front door
5 My camera was stolen from my hotel room a few day ago
6 Most of the question can be answered by Nam
7 A new supermarket is going to be built next year
8 How often are these animals fed ?
VII.Rewrite these sentences, using reperted speech:
1 He said to us : “You are my best friends”
2 Nam said : “Lan wants to come here but she isn’t very well”
3 He said to friends : “I must go home now”
4 Lan said : “I don’t know how to do these exercises”
5 Nien asked Hoa : “Do you have many friends ?”
6 Thanh said to her teacher: “I will finish my execises at home”
7 Tom said : “ I am student.”
8 Nga to her brother : “I can’t answer this question”
9 Charles said : “I’m living in London now.”
10 Johnny said to me “I don’t know what Fred is doing.”
11 She said : “I will answer the phone.”
12 July said : “John wants to come here but he isn’t very well.”
13 Susan said : “ My sister is coming to see me next week.”
14 Judy said to me : “I’m going away for a few days I’ll phone you when I get back.”
VIII Combine each pair of sentences, using in oder ( not ) to or so as ( not ) to :
1 He always drives carefully He doesn’t want to cause accidents
2 The boy stood on the benches They want to get a better wiew
3 Nam is studying very hard He wants to keep pace with his classmates
4 We turned out the lights We didn’t want to waste electricity
5 He moved to the front row He could hear the speaker better
9
Trang 106 I wish to have enough money I want to buy a new house.
7 Thanh and Na are going to Australia They want to learn English
8 We hurried to school We didn’t want to be late
9 T went to the college I wanted to see Professor Taylor
10 She wore warm clothes She didn’t want to get cold
IX Matching column A with column B:
1 Petronas Twin Towers
2 Stonehenge
3 Statue of Zeus
4 The temple of Literature
5 The Great Wall of China
6 Eiffel Tower
7 Big Ben
8 The Piramid of Cheops
9 Taj Mahal
10 Hangig Gardens of Babylon
11 Sydney Opera House
12 Angkor Thom
13 The Statue of Liberty
14 Colosseum
15 Angkor Wat
16 Great Barrier Reef
a England
b Combodia
c The United State of American
d China
e France
f Malaysia
g Egypt
h India
i Iraq
j Australia
k Italy
l Greece
m Viet Nam
X Combine each pair of sentences, using present participle (V-ing) or past participle (V-ed):
1 The baby is crying for her mother She is sitting in an armchair
2 The boy was taken to the hospital He was injured in the accident
3 Do you know the man ? The man is talking to Tom
4 The window has been repaired It was broken last night
5 The taxi broke down It was talking us to the airport
The end !
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