⇒The council was urged to reduce the rates ⇒ He urged the council that the rates should be reduced.. Ex: They thought that Mary had gone away.. ⇒ It was thought that Mary had gone away..
Trang 1The passive voice (some special cases)
1 S + want / love / like / wish … + O1 + to Infinitive + O2
⇒ S + want / love / like / wish …+ O2 + to be Ved/ V3 +( by + O1 )
Ex : He wants someone to take photographs ⇒ He wants photographs to be taken
2 S + advise/ beg / order/ recommend / urge + indirect O1 + to Infinitive + O2 ( Two ways )
⇒ S (Indirect O1) + (be) +advised / begged / ordered/ recommended / urged + to Infinitive
⇒S + advise/ beg / order/ recommend / urge+ indirect O1 that + S (O2 ) should be Ved/ V3
Ex: He urged the council to reduce the rates
⇒The council was urged to reduce the rates
⇒ He urged the council that the rates should be reduced
3 S + agree / be anxious / arrange / be determined/ determine / decide / demand + to Infinitive + O
⇒S + agree / be anxious / arrange / be determined/ determine / decide / demand that S (O )should
be Ved/ V3
Ex: He decided to sell the house.⇒ He decided that the house should be sold
4 S + advise / insist / propose / recommend / suggest + Gerund + O
⇒S + advise / insist / propose / recommend / suggest that S ( O) be Ved/ V3 ( Gerund )
EX : He recommended using bullet-proof glass
⇒ He recommended that bullet-proof glass should be used
5
Ex : I remember them taking me to the zoo.⇒ I remember being taken to the zoo
6 V + O + Adv ⇒ Let + O + be + Ved/ V3 + Adv
Ex: write your name here ⇒ let your name be written here
7 causative form ( have / Make / Get)
S + have / make +O (person) + bare Infinitive + O( thing )
S + get + O (person) + to Infinitive + O( thing )
⇒S + have / make / get +O (thing) + Ved/ V3 + [by + O ( person )]
Ex: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday ⇒ I had my bicycle repaired yesterday
I get her to make some coffee ⇒ I get some coffee made
8 Verbs of perception : see , watch, hear, listen, ……
S + V + O + bare infinitive / v-ing +……
⇒ S (O ) ( be) Ved/ V3 + to infinitive / V-ing
Ex: They saw her come in ⇒ She was seen to come in
9 Verbs of opinion : say, think, believe, report, rumor…
S1 + V1 + ( that ) S2 + V2 + O2
⇒ It + (be) + Ved/ V3 (v1) + ( That ) + S2 + V2 + O2
⇒ S2 + (be) + Ved/ V3 (v1) + to infinitive ( if V2 in simple present tenses)
+ to have +Ved/ V3 ( if V2 in perfect or past tenses)
+ to be V_ing ( if V2 in present continuous tenses)
+ to have been V-ing ( if V2 in perfect continuous tenses)
Ex: People say that he is a famous doctor
⇒ It is said that he is a famous doctor
⇒ He is said to be a famous doctor
Ex: They thought that Mary had gone away
⇒ It was thought that Mary had gone away
⇒Mary was thought to have gone away
10 S+ continue+ to inf+ O
⇒ S (O) + continue to be + Ved/ V3
Ex : we continue to use the natural resources ⇒ The natural resources continue to be used
Conditional sentences
Trang 21.có thể tạo câu điều kiện bằng việc bỏ IF, chuyển Had ( III) ; were( II) lên đầu câu.
2 IF = provided( that), on condition ( that), as long as ,
* suppose, supposing = what if…………?
Ex : suppose the plane is late + what if / what will happen if the plane is late?
3 Otherwise = or ( else) = if this doesn’t happen/ didn’t happen/ hadn’t happened
Ex: we must be back before midnight; otherwise we’ll be locked out
= if we are not back before midnight, we’ll be locked out
4 But for = if it were not for/ if it hadn’t been
Ex : my father pays my fees But for that I wouldn’t be here
5 Mixed condition
Ex : if I hadn’t stayed up late last night , I wouldn’t feel sleepy nows
Question tags
General rule : 1 negative statements⇒ affirmative interrogative
2 affirmative statements⇒ negative interrogative
Ex : you didn’t see him, did you? Peter helped you , didn’t he ?
Note:
1 I ‘m late , aren’t I ? let’s go , shall we?
2.Những câu văn có các từ mang nghĩa phủ định : Neither, no , noone, nobody, nothing , scarcely , barely, hardly ever, seldom… Có câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định
Ex: no salt is allowed , is it?
3 Khi S = anyone, no one , anybody, nobody, none , neither - dung “ they” làm S của câu hỏi đuôi.
Ex : Everyone had recognized him , hadn’t they?
Would rather/ sooner
1.would rather + V( bare Inf) than V( bare Inf) = prefer + N/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing
2 S1 Would rather S2 + past subjunctive
Ex: shall I give you a cheque? _ I’d rather you paid cash
AS IF/ AS THOUGH : như thể (không thật)
1 S + V ( simple present) as if/ as though + S+ V ( past subjunctive) ( không thật ở hiện tại)
Ex: he acts as if he were rich ( he isn’t rich)
2 S + V (past) as if/ as though + S+ V ( past perfect) ( không thật ở qk)
Ex: She looked as if she had worked very hard ( she didn’t worked hard)
IT’S TIME / IT’S HIGH TIME (Đã đến lúc)
1.It’s time/ It’s high time + ( for O) + to inf
2 It’s time/ It’s high time + S + V ( past subjunctive)
Ex: It’s high time she went to bed= It’s high time for her to go to bed
Clause of concession
No mater what/ who/ when / where/ why/ how (+Adj,/ Adv) =
Whatever/ whoever/ whenever………
Note : - Whatever ( pro) + V ; Whatever + N
Ex : whatever you do , I believe you
Whatever clothes she wears , she looks beautiful
- Whatever/ / whoever/ whenever, however………: còn có nghĩa là Bất cứ
Ex: you can eat whatever you like( anything you like)
Exercises:
1 His life is hard He is determined to study ( No matter ………
2 He tried He was not successful
3 He doe anything he always tried his best
4 he got goog jobs He was not satisfied
5 he is very rich He isn’t happy