The passive voice (some special cases) 1. S + want / love / like / wish … + O 1 + to Infinitive + O 2 ⇒ S + want / love / like / wish …+ O 2 + to be V ed / V 3 +( by + O 1 ) Ex : He wants someone to take photographs. ⇒ He wants photographs to be taken 2. S + advise/ beg / order/ recommend / urge + indirect O 1 + to Infinitive + O 2 ( Two ways ) ⇒ S (Indirect O 1 ) + (be) +advised / begged / ordered/ recommended / urged + to Infinitive ⇒ S + advise/ beg / order/ recommend / urge+ indirect O 1 that + S (O 2 ) should be V ed / V 3 Ex: He urged the council to reduce the rates. ⇒ The council was urged to reduce the rates ⇒ He urged the council that the rates should be reduced. 3. S + agree / be anxious / arrange / be determined/ determine / decide / demand + to Infinitive + O ⇒ S + agree / be anxious / arrange / be determined/ determine / decide / demand that S (O )should be V ed / V 3 Ex: He decided to sell the house. ⇒ He decided that the house should be sold. 4. S + advise / insist / propose / recommend / suggest + Gerund + O ⇒ S + advise / insist / propose / recommend / suggest that S ( O) be V ed / V 3 ( Gerund ) EX : He recommended using bullet-proof glass. ⇒ He recommended that bullet-proof glass should be used. 5. Ex : I remember them taking me to the zoo. ⇒ I remember being taken to the zoo. 6. V + O + Adv ⇒ Let + O + be + V ed / V 3 + Adv Ex: write your name here. ⇒ let your name be written here. 7. causative form ( have / Make / Get) S + have / make +O (person) + bare Infinitive + O( thing ) S + get + O (person) + to Infinitive + O( thing ) ⇒ S + have / make / get +O (thing) + V ed / V 3 + [by + O ( person )] Ex: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday. ⇒ I had my bicycle repaired yesterday I get her to make some coffee ⇒ I get some coffee made. 8. Verbs of perception : see , watch, hear, listen, …… S + V + O + bare infinitive / v-ing +…… ⇒ S (O ) ( be) V ed / V 3 + to infinitive / V-ing Ex: They saw her come in. ⇒ She was seen to come in. 9. Verbs of opinion : say, think, believe, report, rumor… S 1 + V 1 + ( that ) S 2 + V 2 + O 2 ⇒ It + (be) + V ed / V 3 (v 1 ) + ( That ) + S 2 + V 2 + O 2 ⇒ S 2 + (be) + V ed / V 3 (v 1 ) + to infinitive ( if V 2 in simple present tenses) + to have +V ed / V 3 ( if V 2 in perfect or past tenses) + to be V_ing ( if V 2 in present continuous tenses) + to have been V-ing ( if V 2 in perfect continuous tenses) Ex: People say that he is a famous doctor. ⇒ It is said that he is a famous doctor. ⇒ He is said to be a famous doctor. Ex: They thought that Mary had gone away. ⇒ It was thought that Mary had gone away. ⇒ Mary was thought to have gone away. 10. S+ continue+ to inf+ O ⇒ S (O) + continue to be + Ved/ V 3 Ex : we continue to use the natural resources. ⇒ The natural resources continue to be used Conditional sentences Note: 1.có thể tạo câu điều kiện bằng việc bỏ IF, chuyển Had ( III) ; were( II) lên đầu câu. 2. IF = provided( that), on condition ( that), as long as , * suppose, supposing = what if…………? Ex : suppose the plane is late + what if / what will happen if the plane is late? 3. Otherwise = or ( else) = if this doesn’t happen/ didn’t happen/ hadn’t happened Ex: we must be back before midnight; otherwise we’ll be locked out. = if we are not back before midnight, we’ll be locked out 4. But for = if it were not for/ if it hadn’t been Ex : my father pays my fees. But for that I wouldn’t be here. 5. Mixed condition. Ex : if I hadn’t stayed up late last night , I wouldn’t feel sleepy nows Question tags General rule : 1. negative statements ⇒ affirmative interrogative 2. affirmative statements ⇒ negative interrogative Ex : you didn’t see him, did you? Peter helped you , didn’t he ? Note: 1. I ‘m late , aren’t I ? let’s go , shall we? 2.Những câu văn có các từ mang nghĩa phủ định : Neither, no , noone, nobody, nothing , scarcely , barely, hardly ever, seldom…. Có câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định. Ex: no salt is allowed , is it? 3. Khi S = anyone, no one , anybody, nobody, none , neither - dung “ they” làm S của câu hỏi đuôi. Ex : Everyone had recognized him , hadn’t they? Would rather/ sooner 1.would rather + V ( bare Inf) than V ( bare Inf) = prefer + N/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing 2. S 1 Would rather S 2 + past subjunctive Ex: shall I give you a cheque? _ I’d rather you paid cash AS IF/ AS THOUGH : như thể (không thật) 1. S + V ( simple present) as if/ as though + S+ V ( past subjunctive) ( không thật ở hiện tại) Ex: he acts as if he were rich ( he isn’t rich) 2. S + V (past) as if/ as though + S+ V ( past perfect) ( không thật ở qk) Ex: She looked as if she had worked very hard ( she didn’t worked hard) IT’S TIME / IT’S HIGH TIME (Đã đến lúc) 1.It’s time/ It’s high time + ( for O) + to inf 2. It’s time/ It’s high time + S + V ( past subjunctive) Ex: It’s high time she went to bed= It’s high time for her to go to bed Clause of concession No mater what/ who/ when / where/ why/ how (+Adj,/ Adv) = Whatever/ whoever/ whenever………. Note : - Whatever ( pro) + V ; Whatever + N Ex : whatever you do , I believe you Whatever clothes she wears , she looks beautiful - Whatever/ / whoever/ whenever, however………: còn có nghĩa là Bất cứ Ex: you can eat whatever you like( anything you like) Exercises: 1. His life is hard. He is determined to study ( No matter ……… 2. He tried. He was not successful. 3. He doe anything he always tried his best 4. he got goog jobs. He was not satisfied 5. he is very rich. He isn’t happy . Conditional sentences Note: 1.có thể tạo câu điều kiện bằng việc bỏ IF, chuyển Had ( III) ; were( II) lên đầu câu. 2. IF = provided( that), on condition. shall we? 2.Những câu văn có các từ mang nghĩa phủ định : Neither, no , noone, nobody, nothing , scarcely , barely, hardly ever, seldom…. Có câu hỏi đuôi khẳng