NHỮNG BIẾN ĐỘNG TRONG CHÍNH SÁCH CỦA MỸ ĐỐI VỚI CHÂU Á THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG THẬP NIÊN ĐẦU THẾ KỂ XX

CHiNH SACH CUA MY Otil VOU - THAI BlNH DUVNG THAP N I C N DAU T H £ KY XXI: COSOrTH^TliNVALtLUAN NHONG B I E N DONG TRONG CHAU A NGUYEN T H A I YfeN HlTONG' N hiing nim diu thdp l^y ^^i hai cua thd ky XXI dang ching kidn nhflng bidn ddng ddng cfi y nghia eiia My tgi khu vflc ehdu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng, khdng chi bing cfic ldi tuydn bd c i a Idnh dgo My thdng didp lidn bang thfing 2-2012, Tdng thdng Barack Obama da nhflii mgnh "nfldc My Ik mdt cfldng quoc Thfii Binh Dudng" vd di kdm Id hdng logt ddng thdi tao ndn mdi quan tfim gidi hogch dinh ehfnh sfich v i nghien cflu trdn t b l gifii Bdn canh diy tbeo chu ky nfldc My hidn dang giai dogn chuIn bi cho mdt cufie biu c i mdi chua ro thing Ipi thufic vd Dang Dfin chu hay Dang Cdng hda, Tidp theo diln bidn gin ddy nhd't cua My ddi vdi khu vi^c, gidi nghidn ciu My d i cd ludng nhdn djnh eho r i n g My dang chuyin hfldng sang kbu vi^c chfiu A Thdi Binh Dfldng Ludng y kidn t h i bai lgi cho ring My vSn tidp ti^c sU ed m$t tai khu vi^c, nhing h i n h ddng gin ddy chi l i dilu chinh theo hfldng tdng cfldng c b i khfing phai 8\f chuydn hfldng Tuy nhidn cfic y kiln ddu chia se Id khu vuc vd cu t b l l i Vi§t Nam sd chju tdc ddng bdi nbiing dilu chinh ho$c tilp tyc ehfnh sfich c i a TGS.TS Hpc v i ^ Ngogi giao My ddi vdi khu vi^c D l gdp phin cfi dflpc dfinh gid mdt cflch khich quan vd diln b i ^ gin dfiy cd nhilu cfich tidp e^n v i giai thfch, cflch tilp cdn dfla vio Ijch s i v i cd sd ly ludn l i muc dfch m i t i c gia bii vilt niy hfldng tdi Trong sudt qud trlnh ljeh s i hinh thdnh v i phfit triln cua nfldc My mdt thi?c td khdng t b l p h i nhdn, da dflpc nhilu nhi nghidn ciu My v i thd gidi chia a&, dd li nhdn t h i e cua ban thfin cfic n h i lanh dgo My v i ndn tang ly lu^n tdc ddng tdi nh^Ln t h i e chfnh tri c i a Chfnh phu MS ddi vdi nbflng diln bidn xay hd thdng chfnh trj thd gidi da quydt djnh r i t nhilu ddn vide hp dfla nhiing phan iing nhu thd nio d ^ vdi si^ thay ddi dang diln trdn thd gidi v i cflc khu v\tc khdc Nhdn t h i e n i y ciing t i y thudc vdo tfic ddng c i a cfich nhdn thflc t i c l i vide cdc nhd hogch djnh v i triln khai chfnh sfich x i sU nhu thd n i o dfii vdi bidn thijlc khfieb quan; dilu niy lidn quan ddn quan nidm chfnh tri cia chfnh hp v i tiinh dp nh^n thie, t i c U cfich t h i e cfic ehfnh khfieb niy thi hidn nhdn t h i e cua minh q u i trinh trien khai theo mdt trinh tU nhU thd nio Vi vfiy, RhOmg blgn dQng frong ehlnh s6eh cia niy, dl hidu rfi dflpc b i t ky vide hogch dinh vd triln khai cbfnh sfich cua My mdt giai dogn cu thd ndo deu ndn dua vd ydu td chidn Iflpc ddi vfii khu vi^c eua My: 1) Tfl chfnh trj cua cdc n h i lanh dgo My; 2) Thfl ti^ flu tiSn cua khu vi^c dd vfii khu vi^c khfic trdn t b l gidi theo cfich tidp cfin so sfinh trinh tt; flu tidn; 3) Mi^c tiSu cia My dfii vdi khu vflc giai dogn cy thd v i 4) Vide thijc hidn chidn Iflpc v i phgm vi cbfnh sfich dflpc triln khai Chu nghia Bidt lfip (1) Id mdt tfl chidn Iflpc ddi ngogi cia My mdt thdi gian ddi v i sau ndy trd thdnh mfit xu budng chfnh sdeh dfii ngoai eia My Chi ngbia Bidt Up l i xu bUfing mudn My ding ngoii cfic cdng vide eua qude tdvdi Up ludn r^ng "My ndn trfinh lidn minh Vinh viln vdi bd't ky khu vi^e ndo trdn thd gidi" Chu nghia Bi^t Up dflpc ddi bdi canh nfldc My mdi giinh dpc Idp, t h i v d lUc rd't ylu so vfii cdc d l qude chfiu Au, d6 phai ddn li^c dl ciing cd ddc Up phfit triln Tit chinh tri cua cfic n h i l i n h chi nghia tu ban My v i gfiy dflng anh dgo - ndn t&ng chinh sflch ddti ngogi My hfldng d Tfiy bfin elu Nim 1793 trfldc kbi Vide hogch djnh v i triln khai chidn lupc rdi nhidm sd Tdng thdng G Washington an ninh v i dfii ngogi cua My tfly thudc d tuyfin bd My "trung Up" d£fi vdi cudc chidn mic dp ldn vio quan dilm cua gidi lanh tranh Anh - Phfip "Lidn bang My cd y dinh dgo My va thien hfldng cbfnh trj thvic hidn m§t chfnh sdch thfin" Uli^n vd chfnh quyen My Cho d i mi^c tidu ed ban cdng b^ng, khfing thidn vi vdi edc cfldng qude dang tham chien" (2) Sau G, chien Iflpc an ninh cua My khdng Washington, cfic chfnh quyin My thdi ky thay ddi, vide hoach djnh chinh adch eu tbl ndy diu rdt th^n trpng can du qude td, nh^m dat dfldc myc tidu chien Iflpc phu trfinh lidn minh, tranh gay kl t h i d l tfip thufic vdo quan dilm cua bd mdy hogch trung vdo cung c l the chd chfnh tri v i thflc dinh chfnh sfich an ninh, ddi ngogi Ly \\fc eua nfldc My, Anh hfldng cua Chu nghia chfnh Id vi ehfnh quyen phai dung hoi Ipi Bidt U P UU tfldng ddi thd'p Trong lich fch gifla cdc phdi nhdm dl dl chfnh sfich s i su t h i t bgi cua My tgi Vi^t Nam v i sau CO ldi nhfi't cho ldi ich qude gia cho giai cdp ndy Id tbfi't bai cua chfnh quyin tdng thdng thing tri My tiftig giai dogn lich s i Bush tgi Trung Dfing da thie diy Chu dhdt dinh Nhin tdng t h i co thd thdy tfl nghia Bidt Ifip chfnh sdch doi ngogi cua cfic nhd hogch dinh cbinh afich cia My Cfi the ndi chfnh quyin Obama hidn My chiu anh hfldng eua cdc trfldng phfii ly se khdng v^n dung hpc thuyet ndy ludn cd ban l i Chu nghia Bi^t Up, Chu nghia Hidn thi^c, Chu nghia Tfl do, Chu Cdn theo cdch tidp cdn cia Chi nghia nghia tfin Hidn thi^c Mdt m§t, chidn iflpc Hidn thvtc, hd thdng cbfnh trj qude tl" chiu chfnh tri c i a My l i mdt svt kdt hpp cua bin tfic dfing eua ba vfi'n dl c h i dgo: 1) Cfic loai quan nidm chfnh tri ndy Didu niy lim qude gia theo dudi Ipi fch, chi khfing phai cho chfnh adch vd h i n h vi cua My t b l hidn hfia binh; ndu chidn tranh xfim Iflpc v i cfic ro cdc mdt khfic Mfit khdc, anh bidn pbdp khdc phuc vi^ ldi fch cua hp thi hfldng tUdng ddi c i a bdn trfldng phdi ly tim kidm hda binh chi cdn Id ao tfldng; 2) luan CO ban ndy khdc thdi ky Sic mgnh chfnh tri v i qudn sy l i nhiing nhdt dinh Dfiy chinh U dilm cdt ldi lim ydu td chu dgo cua quyin lflc; 3) Trong cbo cbfnh sdch eua My cfi tfnh quy luSit vd cdc wda dl khfic nhfl thfldng mai vd nhan tfnh I n dinh nhdt djnh quyin quan hdn trfldc Ida chien Rghien ciii Ljeh sit, atf ».2Qt2 tranh vd xfim Iflpc v&n n^m d trung tfim dfln c b i vd kh& nfing t h i e diy cdc qude gia chfldng trinh nghj si^ qude t l (3) An ninh khdc phfit triln thfldng mgi ty Quan qude gia dflpc hilu chi ydu Id an ninh qufln nidm vd sic mgnh qufic gia c i a C h i nghia a}f v i sic mgnh qude gia dflpc ddnh gifi ehi Ty vi vdy cing cd anh hfldng ddn ede ydu trdn cd sd s i c mgnh qufin si^ Thuylt bidn pbdp chfnh sfich ddi ngoai Khdc v6i Hidn thi^c mdi (4) di;la trdn nhing nguyin C h i nghia Hidn thyc, C h i nghia Ty ly cd ban cia thuydt Hidn thi^c cd didn, khdng nhln mgnh vide s i dyng cfic biln nhiln nhln mgnh vio tfnh cd'u t r i e phfip cfldng ehd, s i dyng aflc mgnh qufin sy quan hd qude t l coi cfic cfldng qude cd vai 1dm edng cy quan hd qude td Nbflng trd trung tfim v i ddng thdi nhfl!n mgnh din ngudi ty thifin vl nhiing bidn phfip ba bd thdng ciu t r i e quan hd qude td, "mdm", ding s i c mgnh kinh td, anh hfldng gdm: ddn cijlc, hai ci^e v i da cijlc Bdn cgnh cbfnh trj v i cfic gifi trj dfln chu dl tfic ddng dd'y, cfic nhd Tfin hidn thyc cung nhfi'n nh&m dgt dupe kdt qua roong mudn Chu mgnh tdi uy tfn, anh hfldng vd vj t b l cua ngbia ty cfi lie sd ndng ldn thdnh lye qude gia l i ylu td' khdng t b l thilu b l sung Iflpng chu dgo, nhflng dS bj suy ydu, khfi cho sflc mgnh qufln svt Chu nghia Hidn klo dii, Trong thdi ky Tdng thdng Barack tbvlc v i nhflng quan didm c h i dgo cia nd l i Obama vd dfii vdi chfiu A Thdi Binh trfldng phdi ly ludn cd anh budng ldn DUPng C h i nghia Ty s5 c6 djp phfit huy, d My nbflng trUdng phfii tfl ddi sudt thdi ky Chiln tranh Ignh Xem xlt mdt thdi p a n ddi nd l i dong chay ngogi niy lufin tdn tgi song song, anh ehfnh c i a chfnh adch ddi ngoai My Dilu hfldng lie mgnh hdn hay ylu di t i y thufic niy lim cho chidn lUdc dd'i vdi ehdu A • vdo tinh binh tCtng l i e v i mdt phin vio Thfii Binh Dudng gii ving tfnh dn djnh quan didm dang phfii cua mSi tdng thdng My M$c d i c6 sy khfic bidt giia cde nhdm n h i t djnh, nhflng sy khfic niy chi U tfldng dfii Chi nghia TU coi vai trd ciia cfi nbflng ngfldi thudc phfii ndy Ui cfi kinh td v i tfl cd nhfln Chfnh vl v$y, sic ngudn gdc tfl phfii v i qufi trinh mgnh qufic gia dupc nhln nhfin trfldc bdt v i phfit triln cd bd sung v i dilu chinh nhit chu ydu t i sfl phdn thjnh kinh td c i a mdt djnh Didu ndy 1dm eho ehfnh sdch eiia My qufic gia v i svt truyin bfi cfic gifi trj dfln cd tfnh quy ludt v i tfnh dn djnh nhdt dinh cbi nh&n quyin kilu My nhfl tvt cfl Theo y kidn cua nhilu n h i phfin tfch v i hpc nhfin (5) Si? truyin bfi cua cdc quyin ty gia, quan didm chu dgo ve s i c mgnh qufic dfin ehi theo Chu nghia Ty l i mdt bd gia cua cfic chfnh quyin My thdi ky sau phfin elu thinh quan trpng cua sic mgnh Chiln tranh Ignh v i thdp >^ilii i^u thd ky qude gia Khfic vdi cdc n h i hidn thyc, XXI, l i sy pha trdn, kdt hpp gifla Chi nhing ngfldi theo Chu ngbia Ty cho ngbia Hi$n thyc v i Chu nghia Ty do, Nhbi ring cfic thidt c h l qude td cfi tlm quan chung cfic tdng thdng Dang Cdng hda thidn trpng d^c bidt v i hd qua tfi't ylu cua sy vl tfl bidn thyc chfnh trj phfit triln mgnh md c i a trlnh dd khoa hpc Dang Dfln chu tbiSn hdn vl C h i nghia Ty edng nghd v i phfln cdng lao ddng qufic td l i do, song khfing cd chfnh quyin nio thuin sy cin thidt phai hdi nhdp qude td, Mdt t i y theo c h i nghTa hidn thyc hay ty dilm dflng c h i y khdc Id vide Chu nghia Ty Chfnh vl vdy ni$c d i chu nghia tan hidn cho rling s i e manh qufic gia cdn dflpc thyc dang c6 chilu hfldng quay trd lai t h i hidn d kha nfing phd bidn cflc gid trj tthCmg bi4&i dpng frong chinh 56eh cio my, chinh sach cua My vdi chdu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng sfl xult bidn cua "nhdn td Trung Qud'c", chinh sfich dd se dfla trfin sfl kdt hpp khdo ldo gifla qufin sy vd s i c mgnh ngogi giao v i cbi ding qudn sfl nhfl lidu phdp eudi cflng Dfi Id sfl k i t hpp gifla ede nguydn tic vd chu nghia thflc di^ng chfl khdng phai tbeo y thflc hp cflng nhfic, Thijf t y liu tidn cua khu vijfc chfiu A - Thai Binh Dticftig t r o n g chidn lifOc toan cau cua My Chinh sfich e i a My dfii vdi chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng nim td'ng t b l chidn Iflpc todn ciu cia My k l t i thdi ky nfldc My tham gia vdo bd thdng chinh tri thd gidi Cho ddn nay, chie'n lupc todn ciu cia My triln kbai quanh luc dja Au - A, tiing giai dogn nhd't djnh sfl flu tidn se "dao ddng" gifla hai khu vyc cd tlm quan trpng dja ehfnh trj ndy Cdc nhd dja chiln lUdc My d cac thdi ky khac tfl Alfred Thayer Mahan den Brzezinski deu dua nhflng quan dilm khac vl sy hogch dinh chfnh aaeh khu vflc va trinh tfl trpng didm ehiln Ifldc doi vdi chfiu Au vd chau A Khai nidm "luc dia Au - A" dflpc Brzezinski (6), dua culn "Bdn cd ldn: Uu tidn vd ldi fch dja chinh tri cua My" (7), Tuy nhidn, tdc gia diu tidn cua y tfldng gbdp hai chdu luc niy vdi ed Id Id Mac Kinder vd Nicholas Spykman Theo Spykman: T h a i lya chpn mdt chfnh sfich doi ngogi khiin cbo trdn luc dia Au • A khfing sinh mfit quydn lye chi phfii cd tinh fip dao d chau Au va Viln Ddng, cfi nhfl vgy, nin an ninh vd ddc Idp cia quoc gia ndy (nfldc My) mdi dfldc dam bao chic chdn" (8) Ve dja ly tfl nhidn, hai chau luc Au, A gidp Uen vdi va ed nUdc Nga, mfit cfldng qude cd lanh thd trai dii trdn ca hai lye dia ndy, thdm chi ving lanh thd nim trdn chau A chilm tdi 2/3 di$n tfch cia nfldc Nga Cfi y kidn cho ring, Trung A Id ving d i t "trfii tim" cua bai chfiu luc Au, A Vi vfiy, vi^c gfin hai chfiu lye Au, A vdi cfic phfin tfch dia chiln lUpc p h i hpp vdi thyc tiin quan hd quIc t l t i kbi xay Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai ddn nay, ddc bidt Id bfii canb todn elu bod tfl cuoi thdky XX Chdu Au gin bd vdi My khfing chi vi Ipi fch an ninh, m i cdn vi nhflng gin bfi vdn bda lfiu ddi, lidn b^ ching tdc truyin thdng Lich s i nhdp cfl eia nfldc My Id bSng chflng gin gdc r l eua My chfnh Id t i chau Au Sfl cfi mdt cua My tgi khu vflc da dflpc xfic U P tfl aau Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai nhim tgo dilng vj trf cia My tgi khu vyc, ddng thdi nbu Henry Kissinger da tflng nhdn xdt "My vd chdu Au cfi mpt ldi ich chimg vide ngdn can cac chinh sdch dfin tdc khfing kiem che eua Dflc vd Nga tranh gidnh trung tdm luc dja chdu Au" (9) Chfnh vi vdy, sudt thdi gian Chidn tranh lanh, chau Au trd thdnh ndi dupc My chu trpng mpi ngudn lflc trien khai chinh sach ddi ngogi nhim ngdn chfin anh hfldng cua Lidn Xd vd hd thdng xa bpi chi ngbia phoi hpp vfii vide kilm soat cdc nfldc ehdu Au cu (10) Cdc tong thdng cua thdi ky h^u Chidn tranh lanh nhfl Bush (cha), CUnton vd Bush (con) da the hidn sy dilu chinh chinh sfich cia My ddi vfii chfiu A - Thfii Bbih Dfldng Tuy nhidn, giai dogn ndy, dfii vdi nfldc My, khu vyc Trung Dfing ciing Id mot khu vyc "ndng" thu hut nhieu sflc lflc O chfiu Au, sy ddi vd cung ed Lidn minh chfiu Au, vige cfic moi quan hp gifla cfic nUfic ldn va edc qude gia tgi chdu Au khfing cdn cfing thfing vd phflc tgp v i ddng thdi Id mpt nfldc Nga cd tilm lflc ldn nhflng hifin dang gfip kbd khdn, chfla thd Id ddi thu ngang hdng vdi My mdt vdi thdp ky tdi, ndn cd thi tam thdi My khfing phai quan tdm Bghien ein Ljeh s i atf 4.2012 tdi kbu vyc ndy todn bd "tfnh todn chidn lupc dfii vdi lye dja A-Au" cua My DIu nfim 2011, My dfi tuyfin bd cit gi&m ngfin sfich qude phfing cho chfiu Au v i ding thdi giSm bdt sd qufin ddi My tgi chfiu Au Qufin ddi My sd r i t hai IQ doin bd binh v i hai phi ddi khdng qufln, cflng vdi khoang 2.500 Ifnh bd trp, khdi chfiu Au tfl ndm Hai l i doin b^ binh hgng n$ng v i mdt phi ddi khfing qufin, gdm nhing chile phi cd chidn diu A-10 dflpc mdnh danh Id "hung thin cia xe tfing", hidn dfing tgi Die Phi ddi khfing qufin cfin lgi dang ddn t r i tgi Aviano, Italy Kd hogch r i t qufin niy sg giam tdng ad binh sT My d chfiu Au t i gin 81,000 Ifnh nhu hidn xudng cfin khoang 70.000 Ifnh Trong nhidm ky Tdng thdng Obama, mfii quan hd gifla chfiu Au vdi nudc My chu ydu dya trdn bdi canh khung hoang kinh ttf v i ddi bfin cflng chung nS lye dd giai quylt, Dilu niy da tgo ndn quan tfim cfic bgn bd ddng minh Uu ddi cia My VI Ijch s i nude My cd nhflng mdi lidn hd lfiu ddi vdi chfiu A vl thuong mgi v i truyin giao tfl thd ky XVIII Mflc d i v$y, khdng lfiu sau kbi nfldc My ddi khu vyc chfiu A • Thdi Bhib Dfldng nlu xlt vl ljeh s i phdt triln, sau Chiln tranh thd gidi t h i Hai khfing dupe coi l i khu vyc trpng dilm chidn lupc nhfl chfiu Au (11) Tuy nhiSn, kbi cfich mgng Trung Qude thdnh cfing v i nudc Cdng bda nhfin dfln Trung Hoa ddi (1949) v i phong trio giai phdng dfin tdc phfit tridn d khu vyc niy nhfi't t i d Vidt Nam khu vyc ndy bit diu "nim tfnh todn chidn lUpc cia My" My vfi cing lo ngai trflde anh hfldng ngdy cing lan rdng eua chu nghia cdng san d chfiu A "nnh hinh ndy da d&n ddn nhflng thay ddi cd ban tfnh tofin chidn lupc c i a My d khu vyc D$c bidt giai dogn hidn nay, bfii canh tgi chfiu A hoin toin khdc vii "cflu lye dja" chflu Au, Chflu A tilm I n nhilu thfleh t h i e an ninh v i chfla cd mdt cd chd hpp tfic an ninh toin khu vyc Lin ddu tidn Ijch s i , h l u nhfl todn bd nhing thfich thflc chu ydu ddi vdi hoi blnh v i dn djnh qude td Ii d chfiu A Nhilu di san cua Chidn tranh Ignh vin chfla dflpc giai quydt, l^nh hinb trdn bfin dao Trilu Tidn, xung ddt d eo biln Ddi Loan, chgy dua hgt nhfin d Nam A vd hdn bdt l i sy trdi ddy cua Trung Qude li nhing thfich thflc an ninh ngin cung nhu dii bgn dCTi vdi My Trong thdi gian d m quydn cua Tdng thdng Barack Obama c6 nhiing chuyin bidn mgnh md chfnh sfich ciia My ddi vfii khu vyc chflu A - Thfii Binh DUdng, nhflng cd t b l khing djnh r i n g "cam kdt ed tfnh lich sii" c i a My ddi vdi chflu Au sd vin Id tidp tyc Gin dfiy nbtft, diu thfing 22012 Ngogi trfldng My H, Clinton da tuydn bd "chfiu Au tidp tuc l i doi tflc hing diu cua My" (partner at first resort) (12) Tdng thdng Obama t h i a nh^n gifla My v i ehfiu Au cd nhing bd't ddng vd chle chin sd cdn bd't ddng tfldng lai, nhflng "nfldc My khdng cd d^i tfic ndo tdt hdn l i chfiu Au", Ly chfnh l i vi t h i nhfi't, My cho ring chfiu Au nhfl thd l i tgm dn dfii vdi My v i t h i hai, cfin cdn quyin lye chfnh trj vi kmh td trSn thd gidi dang chuyin din sang chfiu A ndn vdi chfnh sfich thyc dyng ciia minh, My coi trpng chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng hdn vl nd lidn quan afit sUdn din ldi fch an ninh v i kinh t d c i a My Cd thd thfi'y mdt thyc td rd ring ring, chidn lupc an ninh ddi ngogi ddi vdi t b l gidi CUB nfldc My dflpc dya trdn vi^c thi hdnh chfnh sfich dao ddng qua lai gifla hai khu vyc quan trpng l i chfiu Au vd chfiu A tiy thudc vio Ipi fch v i tfnh tofin chiln Iflpc c i a My tgi tCftig thdi dilm nhfift djnh Nhin tdng thi, chidn Iflpc chfiu A - Thfii Binh Rhil-ng blgn dpng chinh s&ch eia my Dfldng ludn Id mdt bd phfin quan trpng chidn Iflpc todn elu cua My Nd phyc vu nhflng Ipi fch an ninh chu ydu cua My d khu vyc ed t l m quan trpng ngiy cing tfing ddi vdi My thdi ky sau Chidn tranh lanh, Chinh sfich cua My dfiTl vdi chflu A - Thdi Binh Diftfng: lich suf v i h i | n tgi Lich s i quan hd qude td dd cho thd'y ring thdi ky Chiln tranh Ignh, tgi ehdu A • Thfii Bhih Dfldng, chfnh sfich ddi ngoai cia My ddi vdi khu vyc thyc chit Id sy "klo ddi" trdt ty chdu Au Sy "kdo ddi" ndy mfit mfit phan finh tfl bfi quyin t h i gidi cia My, m$t khdc phan finh tfldng quan lye Iflpng gifla hai phe "Ddng v i Tfiy" Lien Xfi v i My lanh dgo NhU trdn da phan tfch, tUdng quan lye lupng cd Ipi eho phong trdo cfich mgng vd giai phdng dfin tfic chdu A, My quan tfim den chfiu A Thdi Binh Dfldng nhim phdt triln anh hudng d khu vflc niy, ngdn chdn l i n sdng "edng san" va phong trio giai phdng ddn tdc, tgo ndn afl ddi c i a Hpc thuyet Domino D Eiaenhower de xfldng Chau A - Thfii Binh Dfldng da trd thinh ndi dl My giai quydt nhflng mdu thuin vdi phe xa bfii chi nghia, chu ydu nhim bao vd v i tri sfl lanh dao cua My tgi Tfiy Au tfl ban chi nghia Vi vdy khdng quan trpng bing chdu Au chien Iflpc todn ciu eia My, chfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng ciing l i mdt dia bdn quan trpng di My xfic lfip quyin lye v i anh hfldng Dd Id myc tiSu ed tfnh chit xuydn sudt eua My d& vdi khu vyc thdi ky Chidn tranh Ignh, Am anh bdi sy ldn mgnh ciia Lidn Xd v i cfic nfldc Dfing Au, My cho ring nlu khfing sdm ed mdt dfii sfich, muc tidu hpp ly dfii vdi chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng chu nghia cdng aan se trd thdnh mfit nguy cd khfing chi d khu vyc md thdm chi trdn toin thd giii Ngay sau Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai kdt thie cho din cufii thdp niSn 60 cia thd ky XX, My hogch djnh chfnh sach an ninh ddi vdi kbu vyc chfiu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng theo hudng via tranh t h i ddng minh dl thidt U P By hidn didn qudn afl vfla triln khai cfic bidn phfip ngfin chdn sy phfit triln cua chu nghia cdng san, tbl bidn ro nhit qua chfnh sfich ciia My ddi vdi cfic nfldc Trung Qude, Nhdt Ban vi kbu vyc Ddng Nam A My din tlm cfich thay thd cdc nude d l qude ehfiu Au d khu vyc thilt lfip quan hd ddng minh tay ddi vdi mfit logt nfldc (Nh^t Philippines Thdi Lan, Nam Trilu Tidn, ), U P cfic khdi quan afl d khu vyc (ANZUS nira 1951 SEATO ndm 1954, ), sdn sing can thidp bing qufin sy dl ngdn ch$n anh hfldng cua Lidn Xfi vd cdc nUdc xa hdi, ay phdt triln eia phong trio giai phdng dfin tfic tidu bidu thdi ky ndy Id hai cudc chidn tranh Trilu Tidn vd Vidt Nam Thit bgi d Vidt Nam da 1dm dao lfin chidn Iflpc tofin elu cua My, bupc My phai thay ddi lgi nhdn thie gifla kha nfing v i tham vpng, tidn hinh nhiing dieu chinh ldn ve chiin Iflpc thfing qua "Hpc thuydt Nbcon", dd Id giam cam kdt d khu vyc, tdp trung Cling cd lgi sic mgnh qude gia vd cdc trpng didm chiln Iflpc thidt ydu cia My "Sau Vidt Nam", My chuyen chfnh sach dfii ngogi theo hUdng: t h i a n h | n thyc t l My khfing thd ty y '1dm dflpc td't ca" "cam kdt cfi chpn Ipc" nhiing ndi thupc ldi fch cua My (13); diy mgnh chdi "con bdi cdc nfldc ldn", ddng nghia vdi vide phai chia se quyin lye cac wStn dl qufic td Chidn tranh lanh kdt thie, tinh blnh t h i gidi v i khu vyc thay ddi cfin ban Vdi vide Lidn Xd v i hd thdng Xa hdi chu nghia Ddng Au syp dd My trd thdnh sidu cUdng nhd't nhflng ft nhilu da bj suy ylu v i g§p 52 nbidu khfi khdn, thdch thflc phflc tgp Lin diu tidn sau nhilu thfip ky can dy My thyc sy trd thdnh cudng qude thdng trj todn khu vyc chfiu A (14) vd tidp tyc cd nhflng Ipi fch quan trpng vl kinh td, chfnh trj v i v i an ninh khu vyc Ngon ed "kilm chl cdng san" khfing cdn gid trj tdp hpp lye Iflpng, My budc tim kilm ehiln Iflpc kbdc dl thfch i n g tinh blnh mdi, vin tilp tyc theo dudi tham vpng bd cbi thd gidi, Chidn lupc dfii ngogi "can dy" dUpc My lya chpn Chiln Iflpc "can dy" dupc tbl hidn kbd ro ndt thfing qua chfnh sdch dfii ngogi cia My ddi vfii chfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng Sau Chidn tranh Ignh, My g$p hai thfich tbic ldn d khu vflc: thfl nhit, nguy eO "Up khoang trdng" cac cfldng qude kbu vflc Ipi dung My, Nga giam anh budng kbu vyc; thi hai, xu the "khu vyc hod" cua cfic nfldc khu vyc chfiu A cd tbl diy My ngodi Muc tieu cua My lie niy la cung cd anh budng, vai trd lanh dao vd tham gia cdc vd'n di khu vyc; ngdn chdn vide mpt nfldc hay nhdm nfldc ndi ldn khdng cbe, thdch thflc vai tro My d khu vflc De thyc hidn myc tieu ndy, My ehi trUdng "can dy" cac vin dl cua khu vyc (tfl tham gia AEF, chu dpng nim APEC, dfnh Ifu giai phfip bfin dao Trilu Tidn, vfi'n dl Ddng Timor ) Vide cd cdu lgi quan hd cdc nfldc lfin, nhfi't li cfip My - Trung, d khu vyc t i gifla thdp ky 90 cua thd ky XX, cdng khing djnh chilu hfldng "can dfl" cbfnh sdch ddi ngogi cua My d khu vyc Trong cfic bidn phfip thyc hidn (kinh tl; qudn sy; dfin chi, nhfin quyin) ddng c h i y lfi vipc My tri 100.000 qufin d khu vyc (ngang vdi ehfiu Au) nhu mfit cdng cu hflu hidu vl sy bidn di^n khfing thd thidu cua My d chfiu A Thdi Binh Dfldng Cy t b l linh vyc an ninh, sy toin elu hda cfic thdch thflc an ninh dfic biSt l i c b i nghia khung bd v i gia Rghien ciu Ueh s i ad 4.2012 tfing mdi lo nggi vl phd bidn vu khf l i hai thfich thflc an ninh lidn quan tryc tidp ddn an ninh ndi dja e i a My, vfiy vide tri vd md rdng didn hpp tfic khufin khd ede lidn minh qufin ay aong phfldng cua My cdng trd nfin cin thidt Nhln chung, cfic chfnh quydn My thdi ky sau Chiln tranh Ignh diu coi cfic ddng minb qudn sy cia My Id mdt nhing try cdt cbfnh • sfich cia My ddi vii khu vyc (15), Chfnh quyin Bush (con) nhfln manh vai trd cua edc lidn minh qufln afl dUdi sy lanh dgo cua My U try cdt ehfnh trj - an ninh kiln t r i e khu vyc bdn cgnh try cdt kinh t l • thUdng mgi (16) Quan hd ddng minb My - Nh^t (dupc ndng d p dfldi chfnh quydn CUnton nhflng ndm 1996-1997) tidp tyc dflpc cung ed hPn nfla, d^e bidt cudc chiln chdng khung bd My lanh dgo Chfnh p h i Australia dfldi thdi Thu tfldng John Howard iing hp mgnh md cfic ehfnh sfich an ninh vfi bdnb ddng cia My Dfii vfii cfic ddng minh ngoii NATO nhU Thfii Lan vd Philippines, My ting cfldng quan hd ddng minh thfing qua cfic chfldng trinh huln luydn chdng khung bd', cung d p ho trp vd trang thidt bj qufin sy tdng cfldng tham vlh vd an ninh vd trao ddi ngoai giao cd'p cao vl cfic vin dd an ninh cing quan tfim, Quan hd d ^ tfic chiln Iflpc My - An Dd dupc ting cfldng mgnh mg Nfira 2005, My vd An Dd da ky Hidp ^\dh Khung mdi vd Hpp tdc qude phdng vd quan trpng nfla Id hai bdn da ky Hidp iinb Hgt nhfin dfin sy Ngodi My ciing quan tfim ddn vi^c thie ddy hpp tfic an ninh vdi mpt sd nUdc quan trpng khfic khu vyc nhfl Indonesia vd Vidt Nam (17), Ddi thogi an ninh Vilt - My da trd thdnh cd chd thfldng nidn gifla hai nfldc, Trao ddi gifla lanh dao qufln dfii hai nfldc trd nSn thfldng xuySn hdn vdi trpng tfim tim hidu cd hdi hdp tfic vide ddi phd vdi cdc vtfn dl an ninh phi truydn Rhfimg bidn dQng chinh afieh ein my thdng Nhflng cbfnh sdch dflpc triln khai gin bdn ndm d m quyin cia chfnh quydn Tdng thdng Barack Obama eho thiy cd cdch tilp cdn hod giai vd ngoai giao, ldng nghe hdn l i fip d$t, s i dyng ngogi giao bdn Id quan sy, da pbUdng hOn l i ddn phfldng, hpc bdi hdn l i dgy bao Cbfnh sfich ehfiu A Thfii Binh Dfldng cia My hi^n thi bidn tinh lidn tyc vdi ehfnh sdch cia chfnh quydn trfldc, dd l i flu tidn quan hd vfii ddng minh v i can dy vdi Trung Qude My da cd nhflng biiu bidn coi trpng hdn ddi vdi khu vflc thd bidn qua chuyin thfim cua Ngogi trudng My Clinton tdi Nb§t Ban, Trung Quoc, Hdn QuIc vd Indonesia nam diu tidn cia chfnh quyin Obama, Myc tidu cua chuydn cdng du ndy Id trfi'n an cfic ddng minb v i doi tfic khu vyc ring My se tiep tyc cam kdt vfii khu vflc vd cac ddng minh vd mudn cfi mfit m^i quan hd hpp tac vdi Trung Qude My da ky Hidp fldc Thdn thidn vd Hpp tac d Dfing Nam A CTAC), cam ket tiep tuc can dy d khu vyc vd ciing co quan hd vdi dong minh ciing dupc tbl hien qua ede phfit bidu vd cac chuyen cfing du eiia Tdng thdng My Barack Obama via qua (18) Cd the ndi ring, chfla bao gid cdc quan chflc cd'p cao eua My lgi nbaii manh ddn vai trd cua khu vyc chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng nhfl thdi gian gin day Tgi hlu h i t cdc cudc hpp quoc td ciing nhu nfldc, e h i de vl ehdu A - Thai Binh Dfldng dflpc cac quan chflc My lidn tyc dl cfip vd vdi t i n s u i t ngdy cing cao hdn Cfic bidn phfip My triln khai da tfip trung vdo ngoai giao song phfldng, da phfldng vfi tham gia tich cyc vdo cfic thidt chl khu vyc Dilu ndy da t b l hidn ro trien kbai chinb sdch cia My dfii vdi edc nfldc d khu vyc My thd hidn qua hdng loat tuydn bd chfnh sfich cua cfic nhd lanh dao cdp cao thdi gian g i n ddy: tuydn bd 2009 eua Bfi trfldng Qud'c phdng Robert Gates, tuydn bd 2010 cia Ngogi trfldng Clinton v i Thfing didp Lidn bang cua Tdng thing Obama thfing 2-2012 diu nhd'n manh cam kit cia My vdi cfic ddng minh aong phUdng, tdng cudng sy cfi mdt qufin sy tgi cdc nfldc ddng minh truyin thing Nhfl v^y cfi tbl thfi'y ring, vi tri chfnh sfich chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dudng thd hidn xu thd lidn tyc tdng lfin cfic chidn Ifldc an ninh qude gia cia My thdi ky sau Chidn tranh lanh M$e dii My khfing ngflng chuydn djch v i tdp trung afle manh vfio khu vyc, dfl xu thd chuyin dich niy bj nglt qudng cudc chidn chdng khung bd, nhflng xdt vl lfiu ddi, chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng ed xu thd trd thdnh vj tri quan trpng tfnh tofin chien Iflpc tofin elu cia My Trong thdi gian trfldc, trdn thyc te My chfla de mfit chien Ifldc ehdu A toin didn Hogch djnh vd triln khai chfnh sdch eia My ddi vdi khu vyc cbi tdp trung cbi ydu vao khu vyc Dong Bfie A - Nhfit Ban, Trung Qude, H i n Qude, Trilu Tidn v i gin dfiy l i An Dp, Cd the thiy ring, d i My cd tilm ndng aic mgnh khu vyc, ehfnh sdch eua My vin khfing tgo dflpc kdt nfii cdc ndi dung cdt yeu thfinh mot ehiln Iflpc hdp ly vd dn khdp Sang den giai doan diu t h i k y XXI, dfic bidt Id bdn nfim elm quyin eua Tfi'ng thdng Obama, My nh^n thflc dflde ring My khfing thi r i t lui hay ddnh gifi qufi thd'p nhflng ldi fch cdn ban cua minb khu vyc bdt sflc quan trpng nfiy, Gid Id lie My ein t^p trung vao vide thyc bidn nhidm vu dfi Cd sd tgo nSn aif dieu chinh hofic t i n g cydng chinh sfich ddii ngoai c i a My ddi vdi k h u viYc Tfnh quy lufit l i mdt dfic trflng hogch djnh chfnh sdch ddi ngoai eua My ndi chung v i ddi vdi khu vyc chdu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng ndi ridng, Xem xdt cbfnh sdch Kghien eihi Lleh s i stf 4.2012 ddi ngogi cia My d i l i chfnh afich chung hay ddi vfii t i n g khu vyc cy t b l ddu tbl bidn mdi quan bd vfi tfic ddng lin giia cfic ydu t l quy djnh nin chfnh sdch ddi ngogi (Ipi fch qude gia; t b l v i lye cua My eye didn chung cua thd gidi; sy v | n ddng cia mfii trUdng qude td ho§c kbu vyc ddc t h i ; truyin thdng vfin hofi, xfi hdi; chfnh trj ndi bd; dfldng ldi vfi tfl tfldng eua giai cfi'p, dang phdi v i cfi nhfin tdng thdng ) Sy dilu chinh chfnh sfich ddi ngogi cia My t i sau Chiln tranh thd gidi t h i t h i Hai ddn U hd qui tlTt ylu cua sy thay ddi vfi tdc ddng lin gifla cfic ydu td v i a ndu, Tfnh k l t h i a v i dilu chinb chfnh sdch ddi ngogi ndi chung v i khu vyc nfii ridng cua cdc chiih quydn My dupc t h i hidn thfing qua cdc nhfin td b^t bidn vd kha biln Trong cdc nhfin trf bdt biln hdng diu phai kl din l i thidt Up bd quydn cua My trdn t b l gidi Dfiy li myc tidu xuydn sudt qua bao ddi Tdng thdng My, t i John Winthrop rdi Anh d l xfiy dyng "thinh phd trdn dinh nui" vdi y tfldng xfiy dyng manh dfit fing d4t chfin lim cbuin myc dgo dflc cho toin bd t b l gidi Thidn Chia gido dd Id "khfing chi quan tfim ddn nhflng gi l i eua anh m i cdn ca nhiing gl li cua ngudi khac" (19) Trong thdi ky hidn tgi, myc tidu cia My Id md rd^g b i quyin toin t b l gifii, trdn ed sd bfi quyin vl chfnh trj My mudn dam bao cho vi§c binh trUdng kinb t l trdn todn d u dam bao vi tri thdng soil cua My vd kinh td Vide truyin bfi nin dfln chu tfl san My, gifi trj vfin hofi My cing Ii mdt bfi phflin etfu thdnh cua myc tidu bfi c h i tofin elu Cfi thd ndi r i n g Ipi fch chiln Iflpc ddi ngogi cia My thdi gian diu cua tb^p ky vin Id tri vj tri cudng qude srf mdt mdt thd gidi dang din d i n di ddn da eye hofi t i dfi thilt Up mdt tr^t ty thd gifii My linb dgo, ngfin eh§n khfing dd cho ba't ky mdt nfldc nio lgi cd thd trd thinh ddi thu ed k h i nflng de dog vj tri, vai trd v i ndn an ninh cua My Sy dilu chinh mdt ehiln Iflpc hay chfnh sfich ddi ngogi cfic giai dogn cy t b l cfin thudc quan dilm cia ding v i cfi nhfin Tdng thdng My, dflpc thd bidn rfi Ijch s i cbfnh afich ddi ngogi e i a My VI vdy, cbfnh afich ddi vdi chflu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng Id bd phdn vi khfing thd vflpt qufi khufin khd chfnh sfich ddi ngogi chung cua My Tuy nhidn didu kidn cd tfnh d$c trflng eua khu vyc, ehfnh sfich cua My ddi vdi khu vyc cd miu ale ridng Thi nhdt My cd quan hd budn bfin vdi khu vyc Dfing A t i ljeh s i thdi ky diu U P qude, t i nfim 1784 tdu Empress of China c i a New York dd thyc bi$n nhiing chuydn budn bfin vdi Trung Qude Trong ljeh s i bidn dgi, ca giai doan khiing being t i i chfnh 2008-2009, quan h$ kinh td gifla My v i khu vyc niy vdn dupc tri, ASEAN chidm 153 ti USD diu tu cua My - nhilu gfi'p ba Un mic 45 ti USD vdo Trung Qudcvd g i n 10 lin mic 16 ti USD vio An Dd Nhilu dy dofin edn cho r i n g tUdng lai cua nin kinh td" thd gidi nim d ving ldng chao Thfii Binh DflOng Do dd My cfi Ipi fch to ldn vide phfit triln cfic quan bd kinh tl" vdi khu vyc vfi t b i c diy xu t b l m i cia v l kinb tlT d dfiy, Cbfnh gidi My cho ring, khai thfic mdt chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng tfing trfldng v i nfing ddng l i trung tfim Ipi fch kinh td v i chidn lupc cua My, ddng thdi l i flu tidn quan trpng bdng diu ddi vfii Tdng thdng Obama Nhiing tbi trudng md d chfiu A cung cdp cho My nhing cd bdi d i u tfl, giao thfldng vd tilp cdn cfing nghd tidn tidn chfla t i n g cd Phfit biiu c i a Tdng thrfng Obama thfing didp b ^ bang t h i hi^n ro mye tiSu ciia My RhBmg biln dQng ehfnh s6ch eia m t hidn "Tdi se di ddn b i t c i ndi ndo trdn thd gifii de md cfic tbj trfldng mfii cho san phim eua My V i tdi se khdng ding ydn cdc dSi thu cgnh tranh cua ching ta khfing chdi ding ludt" (20) Thi hai, cdc tuyin dudng biln quan trpng nhfi't cia thd gifii cde ddi tfic chfnh nhiing nd lye chdng khiing brf, nbiing lidn hd mang tfnh adng cfin ddi vdi trp giiip nhfin dgo vd giam nhg thidn tai giim nhp anh hfldng e i a sy bidn ddi khf bdu cua My ddu nim tgi khu vyc ndy, Trong khdng gian chiln lupc m i cfic cfldng qurfc dang cgnh tranh diu t h i ki XXI thi vide tranh giinh quyin lflc biln diln sfii dfing nhl't d khu vyc chfiu A-Thfii Binh Dfldng Tgi khu vyc ndy, My cd mdt mgng Ifldi qudn ay tfl Thfii Binh Dfldng sang An Dd Dfldng, tfl Nam Cyc ldn Bic Cyc vdi tuydn chi ylu DSng Nam A nim gifla tuydn gdm cfic cfin ci quan sy tfl Nhfit Bin, Hdn Qude den dao Diego Gacia trdn An Dfi Dfldng Dai cfin cfl tiin duydn kieu chuSi dao niy kilm sofit cde eo biln, vung biln vd dfldng hing hai ehiln iupe bdt afle quan trpng, trd thdnh Id chfin tien duydn cho tuyen gdm cfic dao trung tfim Id Guam vfi cfic cfin cfl d Australlia, New Zealand Tuydn gdm cfic cdn cfl tfl Hawai ddn Alaska vfi quin dao Aleutian Trong mgng d u tnic ba tuydn ndy My cfin coi Nh|lt Ban vd Australia li hai chide neo Nam Bic chidn Iflpc an ninh chau A - Thai Binh Dfldng, cdn Dong Nam A lfi elu noi gifla hai chile neo dd, Trung tfim cua cym cfin c i Dfing Nam A trfldc day l i cfin cfl hai qufin Subic v i cdn ci khfing qufln Clark d PhiUppines Id cfin c i hai qudn d Changyi d Singapo, Thi ba, khu vyc chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dudng l i ndi My cfi nhilu ddng minh chidn lupc v i Ifiu bin, l i Nhfit Ban, H i n Qude, Australia, Philippines v i Thai Lan Cd thi nfii hdn n i a thd ky qua, quan hd ddng minh ndy dfi tgo ndn mdt cd chl an ninh khdng chfnh thie tdn tgi d khu vyc mfic d i cfi lie ndng lie Ignh t i y vio tfnh tofin cia My vd cfic nfldc tfftig thdi dilm, Dfiy Id nin tang vflng chic cho My cfi thd dfldng diu vdi nhiing thfich thflc da phfldng bode nhflng vfin dS gai gdc tai khu vyc vfi Id m§t ed chd tao eho My cdn bing vl quyin lye dl cd kha ndng dfldng diu vdi bdt ky sy ndi ISn nio cua mdt cfldng qude khdc cd tbl thdch thflc lgi vj tri cia My tgi khu vyc ehfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng, Thi tu nhfin trf Trung Qude lfi nhfin trf theo nhilu hoc gii vd nhd nghidn cflu Id dang thfich tbic lai lufit chdi cia My, Tuy nhidn cfich thflc x i ly quan hd vdi Trung Qude lgi Id mfit cdu boi ldn Nhfl trdn da phfin tfch t i sau ndm 1975 ddn nay, sy chu trpng cia My dfii vdi khu vyc chdu A Thdi Binh Dfldng thfldng bj tie ddng bdi 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ngogi cua My Ro rfing "sfl quay trd lgi" kbu vyc chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng da dflpc thd hidn rd tfl cd sd ly lufin cho tu cua cfic n h i lanh dgo ddn chidn Iflpc, chfnh sfich triln khai cua My tgi khu vyc, Thyc td niy dfi gdp phin lim cho ddi sdng chfnh trj c i a kbu vyc v i thd gidi trd ndn sdng ddng vdi nhiing tfnh tofin chidn Ifldc khfic cua d c nfldc nhiing nfim gin dfiy CHUTHtCH (1) Ngufin g8c cua vi$c My dUa Chu nghia "bi^t l^p" 1ft vi^c tham cli;! vfio chfnh trj c&n bllng quydn Ipc trfin t h i gidi vdi nhflng qurfc gia khflng dfing tin c^y B^ dAn tdi nguy hgi cho Ipi Ich cua My b ngodi nUdc vjt giam d i n chu h nUdc, Xu hudng quan dilm nfiy cho r&ng My chl ndn d6ng vai trii I& m^t t l m gUOng v& m$t hinh mSu v l m^t xa h$i ti^ ch£[ khdng nfin g&nh trfich nhi$m quSc trf dii Id nhfin danh ty H90 thuylt Monroe lik.m^t lilnh thAc phfit triln cua Chu nghia Bi$t l$p Trong Th&ng di^p lifin bang nfim 1823, Tdng thdng James Monroe tuySn brf r i n g '^\ic dja chfiu My, vdi dilu ki^n tvl vfi d$c l$p d& gilknh vk giQ dupc, khflng t h i bj coi lfi d^i tiA;ng ciia vifc thdc d&n hofi tUOng lai bdi bSCt ky cUcing qufic chfiu Au n&o" vfi My "coi btft ky cff glng nio nh&m md r^ng hf thrfng cua hg tdi bfit ky ndi ngo cua ban c i u nfiy lfi nguy hilm dffi vdi hofi blnh vfi an ninh Rhflmg bjgn dprigfrongehlnh s^eh eia fflf cia My"; dl dfl'i l^i, My hCia "khflng can thi§p vfio cac thupc dja ho$c cfic manh d&'t ph\i thu$c dang ton tai cua b i t ky cudng quflc chfiu Au nfto" Hpc thuydt "chfku My lfi cua ngUdi chfiu My" nfiy A& cd tSc dong mgnh mS din chiln lUpc My ciing nhu ly lu&n chinh tri qu^c t l (kh&i ni^m vl phfin chia khu vVc anh budn^ Hpc thuylt n^y dupc sul d^ng nhQng n&m 1920 Chu nghia Bi$t t^ip phit triln tdi dinh cao cOng nhU trUdc Th^ chiS'n I v& II (2) Erick Bruun vfi Jay Crosby, Our Nation's Archive - the History of the United States in Documents, Black Dog and Levental Publishers, New York, 1999, tr 192 (3) Stephen Walt "Quan h§ Quefc t^: M^t t h i gidi nhilu ly thuyS*!^ (Ban dich) Ly ludn Quan h^ QuSc ti Hoc vifn Quan h$ Qufic tS 2007, tr (4) Cdn dupc goi la Tan hi^n thi^c, (5) Stephen Walt "Quan h^ Quoc tf: M^t thi gidi nhilu ly thuyfi't" (Ban djch) Ly luan Quan he Quic t^ Hoc vifln Qaan h§ Quoc t^, 2007, tr.7 (6) Co vfi^n an ninh quSc gia dudi thdi ky Tdng thong Carter (7) Braezinki The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and its Geotrategic Imperatives, 1997 (8) N.J.Skyman The Geography of the Peace Har-Court, 1994, tr 34 (9) Richard L Ruasell L(ri tch quic gia cua My dchduAu, Tin TKQHQT sff 11/95, tr 52 (10) Timo Behr US attitudes towards Europe a shift of paradigms? Research and European IsBuea No 29 November 2003 Tr.8 (11) Sau Chijfn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai, My ua ho trfl chfiu Au ph'ic hoi kinh t^ qua Vi ho^ch Marshall (1949) vfi thfinh l§p LiSn minh Bic D^i Tiy Difflng (1949) nhim cung erf vj trf cua My tgii l^c dja nfiy (12) AFP Clinton pledges US commitment to Europe 57 h ttp :llyr^vi •breitbart.com/Drint.tihD?i d=CNG c 77bb 96fc2c6873be2Q (13) Ph&t biiu cua Nixon t^ii Guam ngfty 25-71969, Nixon n6u: "My khfing t h i vfi sfi khdng vfich mpi k l ho^ch, thi^t k l mpi chfldng trlnh, thi hiknh mpi quylt djnh v& thpc hi^n tfft ca vi^c hko v$ cfic quflc gia tfl trSn t h i gidi My sS giup nhflng ndi n^o thflc sfl mang l^i kit qua vfi dupc xem \h Ipi (ch c i a My" (14) Robert Sutter "The United States in Asia: Challenged but Durable Leadership" David Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda (edited) International Relations in Asia Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr 10 (15) Chinh quyin George H W Bush vh Chinh quyin Clinton lufln nhfin manh vai tro try cot ciia c&c li6n minh cfia My d khu vflc chau A - Thai Binh DUdng cSc bao cao chifo lUpc cua My d Dong A (16) Ralph A Coaaa, "Security Dynamics in Eas Asia: Geopolitics vs Regional Institutions" David Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda (edited) International Relations in Asia Rowrman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr 323 (17) Dfii thogi an ninh c^p thfl trudng Vi|t-My da trd thfinh cd che thfldng nien (18) Tdng thd'ng Obama, bii phat bilu trfldc Quoc h§i Australia d Canberra, da nhlCn mgnh: "Hoa Ky Ik cudng qufic Thai Binh Dfldng vii chflng toi sS mai hi^n di^n d dfiy (19) Divine Breen Fredrichson Williams "America - Pat and Present" Scott, Foresman Company, 1987, tr 45 (20) Thfing di§p Hfin bang cua Ting thong Barack Obama Thfing 2-2012 (21) Ngfldi My gflc A hi^n chilm 6% Theo bfio di^n tfl Ddn tri Ng6y 12-5-2011 (22) Ralph A Cossa, "Security Dynamics in Eas Asia: Geopolitics vs Regional Institutions" David Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda (edited) International Relations in Asia Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr 319