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VAI T R d CIJA tirC LlfdmC DAI\ Q U A N , Tl/ VE TIIL » llA I^dl TIKOI\G TltAlV "DitiV UltN PIIIJ TKEI\ KlldlVG" N\n 1972 NCUVfeNHOtJDAO* S au nhflng thfing l(?i to Ifln nfim 1971, bflde vfio Xufin • Hd nfim 1972, qufin dfin mitfn Nam mfl cudc titfn cfing chitfn lUdc ldn trfin kh^p chitfn truflng, gfly cho My vfi chinh quytfn Sfii Gfin htft ngd ca vtf hudng titfn cfing vfi quy mfi ehitfn dieh Vflng giai phdng ciia ta dfl^c mfl rfing fl Trj • Thien, dong bfing khu 5, Tfiy Nguyfin, mien Dfing Nam Bfi tao thfinh thtf bao vfiy chia cfit dich Chie'n lUpc "Vifit Nam hda chitfn tranh" ciia My vfi chinh quytfn Sfii Gdn dflng trUflc nguy cd sup De cflu vfin tinh the My dung phtfn ldn hda lUc khdng quan, hai qufin "My hfia" trfl lai mitfn Nam va ndm bom pha hoai mitfn Bfic Cufic ehitfn tranh phfi hoai Ifin thfl hai mfi My titfn hfinh trfin mien Bfic vdi quy mfi, cuflng rtft ldn, dinh cao lfi chien dich dung mfiy bay B52 d^i bom xutfng Thu dfi Hfi N^i Khi titfn hfinh chie'n tranh pha hoai mitfn Bfic, gidi cfim quytfn Oasinhtdn da hd hdt: "dtfy Ifli mitfn Bfic vtf thfli k$ dd da" (1) vfi "khfing cdn nghi ngfl gi nfla My c6 thi phfi huy mitfn Bfic Vifit Nam mfit sdm mdt chi^u vfi bu^c hp phai diu hfing" (2) NhUng Mjf da bj thtft b^i tham hai "Vfl ky thufit My dfl hi§n d^i den dau cung khfing thi citu ke thfl khoi thtft bai Quytft dinh thfing l^i lfi ngUfli • Vi§n Sfl h9c Vidt Nam ydu nUflc, dung cam, thdng minh" (3) Thu dd Hfi Ngi vfin dflng vflng vfi Iftp chitfn edng vang ddi Qufin dfin Hfi N^i dfi nhtfn chim phfio dfii bay B52 - vii hi^n dai ciia Mj Trong chitfn edng vi dai nfiy, lUc lugng dfin qufin, tu v$ thii dfi da ed vai trd htft sfle to ldn Dfin qufin, tU v$ thii dd da trfl thfinh mpt nhflng nhfin ttf quytft dinh, dfip tan cudc tfip kich chitfn Ifldc ciia khdng Iflc My Dtfn dtfu thang 10 nfim 1972, qua nhflng trfin phan kich gifing co vd ciing quytft li§t tren chitfn trUflng mitfn Nam, My vfi chinh quytfn Sfii Gdn da gianh gifit dupc mpt atf dia bfin mfi chung ta da giai phdng chitfn djch Xufin • Hd d mifi~n Bfic, vdi nhflng dpt ndm bom bfin phfi qui mfi ldn, chflng da phfi hiiy nhitfu cd sfl vfit chtft, sfit h^i vfi lfim thUdng vong nhifi'u ngufli Tuy nhifin, Mjf v5n khfing thtf xoay chuyln dUdc cyc di^n chitfn tranh Cfich mang Vi^t Nam v5n vflng budc di len Mitfn Bfic bin rdi hdn 600 mfiy bay, bfit stfng nhitfu gific Ifii My Cd quan tinh bfio My da tflng than thfl: Vitfc ndm bom fie litft khong ngfin chfln dupc B&c Vi^t Nam dUa ngufli vfi vu khi, trang b} vfio Nam Vat trd ciia luc lugng dfln qufln Diu thfing 10 nfim 1972, phfii dofin ngoai giao Vi^t Nam fl Hfii ngh; Paris chii dfing dua ban dU thao Hi^p dinh vfi" chtfm ddtt chid'n tranh, Ifip lai hda binh fl Vidt Nam TrUdc tinh thtf htft lpi trfin ca hai mitfn Nam - Bfic, trUdc dU lufin qutfc te vfi nUde ngfiy cfing phan doi cudc chitfn tranh ciia My fl Vi^t Nam; dfic bi$t, dfi' tfl cd thien chl, Itfy long ci( tri My cufic btfu cijt Td'ng thtfng My dfi chtfp nhfin ban du thao vfi xfic djnh cd the ky chinh thflc Hiep dinh vfio ngfiy 31 thfing 10 nfim 1972 Sau dd phia My tfl tri hoan dtfn trfio trfl nhflng difi'u ki$n da thfla thufin Ngfiy thfing 11 nfim 1972, Nichxdn trung cii Td'ng thtfng nhifim ky Cung tfl dtfy My da tri hoan, kdo dfii vfi cuoi cflng Ifit long ddi phai siia 126 diem ban du thao Hifip dinh Hfii nghi Paris btf tfic Ngay 13 thang 12 nfim 1972, Kitxinhgid, co vfi'n dfic bifit cua phai dofin My tuyfin btf bo hop vfi thdi ban Thuc chtft My da ehii trUdng sii dung bfii cufii cung lfi dung B52 quyd't gifinh thtf manh, rdi di dtfn giai phap chtfm dflt chitfn tranh fl Viet Nam cd ldi cho My Dua vao sfle manh quan sU, nhfi't lfi lUc lUdng khdng qufin ehitfn lUpc, 14 thang 12 nfim 1972, vdi ldi le nhU mfit ttfi hfiu thu, Tong thtfng My Nichxdn giti difin cho Chinh phii Vifit Nam ddi vdng 72 gid tdi phai trfl lai bfin dfim phan fl Paris Cung vdi viec gijti di$n cho Chinh phii Vidt Nam, Nichxdn lenh cho Bfi chi huy khfing quan chitfn lUdc va chitfn thufit chuan bi ndm bom mien Bfic, tha them phong tda cang Hai Phdng vfi cac ciia sdng, ciia bien khac My cdn thfinh Ifip Bd tU Ifinh sU doan khfing qufin chie'n lUpc lam thfli va ditfu dflng 48 mfiy bay F i l l sang thay thtf phi dofin F4 fl Ddng Nam A My rfio ritft chuan hi cho cudc tfip kich ehitfn lUpc bfing khdng qufin vfio Hfi Ndi, Hai Phdng Cufic tfip kich tren mang ten Linebacker II 47 (Laind bfi'chcd Cii sflt trUdc khung thfinh) Tofin bO 193 mfiy bay B52, hdn 1000 mfiy bay chifi'n thufit vflng Dfing Nam A dUpe huy dfing cho chifi'n dieh nfiy Mue dieh ciia Linebacker II lfi tfin pha nfing mpt stf khu vUe dfin eU, ehii ytfu lfi Hfi Nfii, Hai Phdng hdng gfiy hoang mang, tao sfle dp ldn nhtft vfi dfinh sup y chl quytft tam gifinh thtfng nhtft, dfic Ifip ciia nhfin dfin ta, phfi hoai tifi'm lUc kinh tfi', qutfe phdng, ngfin chfin tfl gtfc ngudn titfp ttf mifi'n Bfic vfio miS'n Nam, rfin de cfic nUflc dang troi dfiy dfi'u tranh chd'ng dtf qutfc My Nhfi Trfing vfi Lfiu Nfim Gdc tinh tofin, vfli mpt eufie titfn cfing dai quy md bfing khdng qufin hidn dai vfi mpt khtfi lUpng bom dan khong Id trut xutfng Thii dd Hfi Ndi, Hai Phdng se t^o dUpc "cu soc" dfit ngdt, budc Chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu Cflng hoa chfi'p nhfin die'u kifin "hda binh" cua My My cdn cho rfing, hd thong phdng khong cua Bfic Vifit Nam se khdng thi phfit huy hieu luc trude sfl titfn cflng ciia My Nhfin ro ban chtft ngoan ctf Ifit long eua dtf quoc My, Bfi Chinh tri, Quan uy Trung Udng va Hfii ddng Chinh phii Viet Nam chi dao quan dfin mitfn Bic, dfic bifit la quan dan Thii dfi Hfi Nfii de eao canh gific, sfin sfing chitfn dtfu vfi phuc vu chie'n dfi'u, dfip tan mpi hfinh dfing quan su ciia dich Bd Tong tham mUu Quan doi Nhfin dfin Viet Nam dfim theo ddi tflng dpng thai ciia dich vfi nhfin dinh: nd'u diing B52 ndm bora Hfi Ndi, My cho xufi't kich 30 lln/ehitfc, nhifi'u nhfi't 60 dtfn 80 ifinychitfe radi Theo sfl chi dao eiia Dang, ktf hoach cua Bp Tong tu Ipnh, ngfiy 30 thang 10 nfim 1972, Qufin chiing Phfing khdng - Khdng qufin md Hdi nghi chuyfin de vtf danh B52, to chflc tap hutfn cho can bp chi huy va cac kip chitfn dfi'u Cac ddn v\ Rada to chiic chong nhilu vfi phfit hi^n chinh xac may bay B52 Bp Tu lenh Thu dfi to chflc tfip Rghian ciJru L|ch sit, atf 8.2018 hufi'n bfin mfiy bay tfim thfl'p cho cfin bd chi huy dfin qufin, ti^ v$ Cfic thii trUflng cd quan, gifim dtfc nhfi mfiy, xi nghidp dUpc qufin tri^t thfim mdt bflde vtf si^ ktft hpp gifla chifi'n dfi'u vfi san xutft Cac khu vi^c nfii, ngo^i thfinh diln tflp bfin mfiy bay, dfinh djch dtf bd duflng khdng, ad tfin ngUfli vfi tfii san cfi'p td'c, cdng tfic cflu thUdng, cflu sfip gifl gin trtft ti^ tri an , Chua nfio qufin dfin Thu dfi Hfi N^i sfii ddng, khfi'n trUdng edng tfic chutfn hi vfi sSn sfing dfinh tra ndm bom phfi ho^i ciia My nhU luc nfiy Cflng vdi nhi^m vy lanh dao chu^n bj sSn sfing ehitfn dfi'u, ban lanh dpo Thfinh phtf Hfi Npi sfle dfin dtfc vific thi hfinh phdng, trfinh cfie ngfinh, cfic cfi'p Do ngUfli vfi cfic phUdng ti$n chie'n tranh ra, vfio phtf ngfiy cfing tfing khitfn nhflng dtfu mtfi giao thdng quan trpng nhu: bd'n phfi, cfiu phao, n h i ga, ben xe nhifi'u hi fich tfic euc bd Cac lUc lupng kiem soat qufin sU, cdng an vu trang, canh sfit, dfin qufin, tU vd dUdc to chflc bien che hdp ly dl dam bao giao thdng, trfit tu ndi dfing ngUfli Tfi't ca cfic chan hfing, kho hfing Ifln fl Ddng Anh, Yfin Vien, Giap Bfit dUpc lUc lUpng can bp, nhfin vien, nhfin dfin, hpc sinh, sinh vien ngfiy dfim phfin tan Tfi't ca cd quan, nhfi may, xf nghidp, bdnh vi$n, trUdng hpe hinh thfinh hai btf phfin: fl lai nfii thfinh titfp tuc san xutft, cfing tfic va aSn sfing chitfn dtfu, mpt b^ phfin vtf ndi sd tfin dl to chflc san xufi't, ttf chflc sinh ho^t vfi hpc tfip Cac ddn vi Phdng khdng-Khdng quan dflpc hufi'n luy^n mpi phUdng an dfinh djch Nhflng ddn vi phfio cao xa, ddn vi sung may, sung trUflng nang cao trinh dp Ngufli gifi, tre em, nhflng ngudi khdng cd nhi^m vu chitfn dtfu, san xutft sS sd tan khoi ndi thfinh Trung dofin mang ten 'T)oan Quang Trung bao vfi Thii dd" (4) dUpc btf sung dtfy dii stf qufin, trang bi dtfy dii vfi tfip hufi'n phUdng fin dfinh djch vfi khfic phyc hfiu qufi Thu dd Hfi N$i bj ndm bom Dfic bidt, sau tfn djnh ttf chflc, bifin chtf, Dofin Quang Trung phtfi hpp vdi mtft stf ddn v) b(k dpi ehii li^c thi^c hfinh cufic diSn tfip dfinh qufin dtf bp dudng khdng tai m$t stf khu vi^c nhu: Quang truflng Ba Dinh, Nhfi hfit ldn, Ngfin hfing Trung Udng, Vufln hoa Chi Linh Trong luc chitfn sM dang diSn quytft lidt, vi^c ttf chflc, dpng vidn vfi thuc tfip, trung dofin qufin dii nhi^m dfi cd tac d(ing ctf vu thtf chitfn dfi'u ciia cfic lUc lupng vu trang nhfin dan, khdi dfiy truytfn thtfng kifin cUflng chtfng gific ngoai xfim, bao vd Thu dfi ciia ngUfli Hfi Nfii Bdn canh dd, Bp Td'ng tham mUu cdn quytft dinh cho Hfi Npi thfinh Ifip thfim dai dpi ti^ v§ tfip trung, thofit ly san xutft O huy^n ngoai thfinh moi huypn to chflc mot dai dpi bfi binh tfip trung, trang bi sung dan, lfim nhi^m vy co dfing chitfn dfi'u dia bfin huypn Trong ndi thfinh, moi khu to chflc dai dpi phfio cao xa 100 ly (gdm khtfu dpi), tfing eUdng cho hfi thong bfin may bay ttfm cao Quan sd' cfic dai dpi nfiy chii yfi'u lfi cfing nhan ciia nhitfu nhfi may, xi nghipp tap trung lpi Ngofii lUc lUdng dfin qufin, tu vd dUpc bo sung, tfing cUflng; cfic CO quan xi nghitfp chutfn bi xe, mfiy, ngudi, phUdng tidn dl sfin sfing cd dpng khfic phyc hfiu qua phfi hoai ciia dich cd Ipnh Cflng vfli thfinh phtf, cfic cd quan khoa hpc, nghidp vy tham gia phdng trfinh vfi danh dich Cfic san phtfm mdi phyc vu chitfn dfi'u Itfn lupt dfli nhU: Ca nd khfing ngufli Ifii, ky thufit mdi Ifip rap cfiu phao, phfi xe liia Chi mpt thfli gian ngfin, Thii dfi Ha Npi da chuyln sang thfli chitfn Cufic chitfn dtfu quytft gifinh thfing ldi cua qufin dfin thii dd da chutfn bi sfin sfing Vfio 12h ngfiy 18 thang 12 nfim 1972 khfing quan My bfit dtfu titfn danh Thu dfi Hfi Npi Mfl dtfu, hfing loat may bay B52 tfl Vai h^ ciia lijrc lirqng dan qufln dao Guam vfio sfin bay Utapao (Thai Lan), cd may bay ehitfn thutft yim trp Ifin lUpt xufi't kich bay vtf hudng Vi§t Nam Dofin mfiy bay hon hpp kdo dfii hfing chyc kildmdt, tfm am ngupc sdng Mfi Kdng Ifin Tfiy Bfic rfii theo cfic day nfli bay vfio ddng b^ng Btfc Bp Tfl 19h40' dtfn 20hl8' nhitfu td'p B52 (mfii top chifi'c) dfii bom xud'ng cfic khu vyc sfin bay Npi Bfii, Dfing Anh, Yfin Vifin, Gia Lfim vfi nhifi'u ndi khfic fl Thii dfi Hfi Npi Tfl dfinh nho dfi'n dfinh ldn, danh ban dem vfi danh ban ngfiy, danh lifin tuc, dfl ddi vdi cuflng dd mfii ngfiy mdt tfing, dtf quoc My hong khufi't phyc quytft tfim sfit dfi chtfng My, giai phdng mien Nam, thd'ng nhfi't To qutfc ciia qufin dan Hfi Ndi ndi rifing, nhfin dan Vifit Nam nfii chung Dtf qud'c My quye't gifinh thfi' manh, quytfn chu dfing bfin dfim phfin ngoai giao tai Paris NhUng mfit ifin nfla de quoc My da tinh tofin sai lfim, chiu thtft bai va chiu hfiu qua nfing ne Cupc tfip kich chitfn lUpc bfing khfing qufin ciia My vfio mitfn Bfic Viet Nam ma Thu Hfi Nfii lfi muc tieu ehu ytfu da dien lien tuc 12 dem, 11 ngfiy, Trong 12 ngfiy ddm ay My da sii dung 726 Ifin chitfn B52, gfin 2000 Ifin chifi'c mfiy bay chie'n thufit Rifing fl Thii dfi Ha Nfii, My sii dung 444 Ifin chitfe B52, hdn 1000 Ifin chien may bay chifi'n thufit ndm xutfng khoang hdn 10000 tfi'n bom, gifi't hai 2380 ngfldi, lfim bi thUdng 1355 ngufli (5) Trdn dia bfin Thu dd Hfi Ndi cd ga xe liia thi ga hi phfi hong Trong chitfe cfiu, ben phfi thi My pha sfip vfi hong cfiu, phfi Cang nhtft fl Ha Ndi lfi cang Sfing Hdng hi My ndm bom khdng boat ddng dUpc binh thudng Mfit phfin ba td'ng stf 200 nhfi may, xi nghiep cflng b^nh vi^n, dfii phfit titfng ndi Vi^t Nam, nhitfu cdng trinh kinh ttf, khoa hpc ky thufit, vfin hda, trUflng hpc, khu dfin cU, cfiu ctfng, duflng xfi hi phfi 49 hiiy hofic thipt hai nfing; 67 xa ngoai thfinh vfi 39 khtfi phtf npi thfinh h\ bfin phfi (6) Vdi khtfi lupng bom dan, dtf qutfc My da tfin pha ciia vfi ngufli Vipt Nam Quan dfin miin Bfic, Thii dd Hfi Npi chufin bj ttft vtf thtf trfin tinh thfin, chii ddng sd tfin, phfin tfin, de vfla chifi'n dtfu dat hipu qua cao, vfla phdng trfinh ttft, ndn thipt h^i vfi thUdng vong thfi'p Trong 12 ngfiy dem, 81 mfiy bay My bj bfin rdi trfin mifi'n Bfic, dd cd 34 may bay B62 Hfing trfim gific lai My, phfin ldn lfi gific lai B52 hi chtft, mtft tich vfi bi bfit song Thu dfi Hfi Npi, khu vUc myc tidu chii ytfu cua ehitfn dich, 23 may bay B52, mfiy bay F i l l vfi mfiy bay chifi'n thufit khfic hi bfin rdi (7) Vdi Linebacker II, My dfinh chung ta bfit ngfl, nhung ehinh ehung bi bfi't ngfl Chung bfi't ngfl ve stf lUdng B52 hi tieu diet, vtf y dd gay sfle dp trfin mfit trfin ngoai giao khfing dat My tfl eho bat ngd rdi dtfn than phuc ve tinh thfin binh tinh, vflng vang ciia qufin dfin Thii dd Hfi Npi trUflc mUa bom, bao dan ciia eupe tfip kich chie'n lUdc bfing khdng quan ma chung titfn hanh Trong Hoi ky ciia minh, Nichxdn da phai thu nhfin: "Die'u lo ngai chinh cua tdi tufin le nfim bom dau tidn khfing phai lfi nhflng ddt phan doi gay gfit fl nfldc ta vfi thtf gidi, die'u da dupe dU tinh, mfi ehlnh lfi thipt hai nfing ne ve B52" (8) Thfing ldi vi dai, oanh liet 12 ngfiy dem ciia "Trfin Dien Bien Phii tren khdng" cudi nfim 1972 la qua to Idn eiia tofin Dang, tofin qufin vfi tofin dfin ta Nd bfit nguon tfl nhitfu nhan to, dd phai ke dtfn vai trd to ldn ciia dpi ngii dfin qufin, tU v^ thii dd Dfim 18 thang 12 nfim 1972, dfim dfiu tien My dung B52 nfim bom danh phfi Thii dd Hfi Npi, lfi dem gfin trifiu ngUfli Hfi Nfii gfin nhu khdng ngii Hang chuc trifiu ngufli fl cac tinh, thfinh phtf khfic eung hUdng ve 50 Hfi Ndi xuc dpng, lo fiu Hfi Npi vfin dflng viSng Cfic cd quan Ifinh dgo Dang, Nhfi nUdc vfi qufin dpi vfin lfim vipc fl nhflng cfin hfim thfinh phtf B^ Chinh t Trung Udng Dang, Chinh phii vfi Bd Ttfng TU Ipnh dfic bipt chu trpng theo sfit vfi chi dpo cutfc chitfn dfi'u fl thii dfi Gifl vflng thii dd luc nfiy lfi gifl vflng nilm tin cho ca nUflc Vfli y dfi khfing cho doi phUOng khfic phye hfiu qua, nhflng trfin bom dfim vi!ra dflt My titfp tyc eho mfiy bay chitfn thufit vfio bfin phfi ban ngfiy, Cflng vdi chitfn dtfu, viPc khfic phyc hfiu qua vfi ttf chflc sd tfin trfl thfinh nhipm vy cfi'p bfich cua thfinh phtf, Dong chi Trfin Duy Hflng, Chii tjch LTy ban Hfinh chinh thfinh phtf cflng nhitfu cfin b$ Dang, chinh quytfn, Bfi Tfl Ipnh Thii dd dfi tdi cfic trfin dia phfio, dfii phfit thanh, cfic khu cdng nghiep, nhflng dia bfin dfing dfin cu Yen Vien, Gia Lfim, Dong Anh , nghien cflu to chflc chitfn dtfu vfi khfic phyc hfiu qua Lpnh sd tfin tript dl, khtfn cfi'p eiia Chii tich Hpi ddng phfing khfing dUpc cdng btf tren cac phUdng ti^n thdng tin dai chung Tfi't ca ngUfli gifi, tre em, nhflng ngudi khfing cd nhidm vy fl lai ndi thfinh phai sd tan htft Nhflng ngUfli fl lai tranh hoi hpp, tu tfip Ctfp ttfe dfio, siia ehfla them hfim, hfio Cfic luc lupng khfic phyc hfiu qua sfin sfing cd dpng lfim nhipm vy Uy ban Hfinh chinh thfinh phtf cdn chi thj cho cfic khu, huypn, cac ngfinh, dofin thi dinh chi nhflng cupe hpp; hpc sinh tam thfli nghi hpc, phfin tfin, giai tfin nhanh hfing hfia, kho tfing Mpi hoat ddng ciia thfinh trfl nen gtfp gap Hfing trfim roi hfing nghin xe chfl ngufli, hfing hda, tfii lipu, mfiy mde di sd tan Nhfl cd ktf hoach chu^n hi tot, dupe cac ctfp chinh quytfn, li^c lUpng an ninh, dfic bipt lfi dfin quan, tU vp ddng dao gdp sfle nen moi vipc dii khtfn trUdng nhung vfin binh tinh, sudn se, cd trfit ty Rflhito curu Uch aJr atf 8.2012 Cupc chitfn dtfu cua qufin dfin Hfi Npi va cfi mitfn Bfic difin hfin titfp vfli cudng dp ngfiy cfing fie lipt Lfin lUpt, cfic khu vUc quan trpng Thfinh phtf Hfi Npi bj dpi bom nhu: Ga Hfing C6, Bp Giao thfing vfin tai, Ttfng Cdng dofin, sfin bay Bach Mai, khu cdng nghiPp vfi dfin cU Dfing Anh- Ctf Loa, Gifip Bfit, bpnh vipn Bach Mai, khu phtf Khfim Thidn T^i Bpnh vipn Bach Mai, trung tfim y ttf vfio lo^i ldn nhtft miin Bflc vfio thfli ky nfiy, lue 3h45' ngfiy 22-121972 bj B52 dpi bom Hfing ttfn may mde, thitft bj, thutfc men b) hu h^i, 28 bfic si, y si, y tfi, nhfin vifin phyc vy cflng cfic npn nhfin cua cfic vy ndm bom trUdc, cfic b$nh nhfin dang di^u trj bj chtft vfi bj thUdng; Dfii titfng ndi Vipt Nam chi ngfiy, lfin B62 My dpi bom dfinh phfi, gfiy thUdng vong 130 ngufli; hfing trfim nhfi fl, vufln cfiy, gieng nUdc, cfing trinh cfing cpng bj san b4ng Vfio dem ll Nfien (26-12), B52 dpi bom rai tham bao trum gfin htft chieu dfii phtf Khfim Thifin, gitft hai 287 ngUfli, lfim bi thUdng 290 ngufli, san bfing, pha sfip gfin 2000 ngfii nhfi, dtfn chfla, truflng hoc, tram xfi, hfim ho ciia cd quan, gia dinh Cd gia dinh cd ngufli khdng mpt song sdt (9) Thfinh phtf Hfi Npi rung chuyen bfli titfng Sling, tifi'ng may bay, tifi'ng bom ntf Trong khdi lila vfi cdng vipc btf bpn, vipc bao vp ngufli, cd sfl vfit chtft ludn ludn dUdc dfit len hfing dfiu TrUflc nhflng dien bitfn phflc tpp, dfin dfip sU tfin fie ciia gific My, Phu Thu tudng da tripu tflp nhflng cufic hop khtfn cfi'p vdi cfic hi thu, chu tjch mdt stf tinh dl giai quytft nhflng vtfn dtf ctfp bach vfi chitfn dfi'u, phdng trfinh va chi vipn cho Thii dfi Hfi Npi Bp Qutfc phdng, Bp Giao thfing vfin tai tfip trung lyc lUpng, phUdng tipn de khfic phuc b$u qua, giai tda giao thfing Cfic tinh Vinh Phfl, Hfi Tay, Hai HUng, Hfi Bfic sfin sfing chi vifin sfle ngUfli, sfle ciia cho Ha Npi Vipc di chuyln ngudi Voi frd Clio lyc lugng dfln quAn vfi tai san nhd nudc khoi Thii dd vfin lfi cfing vipc cfi'p bach nhfi't Chfi'm dflt sfl phfin tan thifi'u ttf chfle, chi ch^y tfl phtf nfiy sang phtf khfie hofic sfing sd tan, tfii quay vtf Lanh dao thfinh vfi cfic cfi'p cfie ngfinh da ctf gtfng dam bao toi thieu vtf eh6 fin, ehS fl cho ngufli di sd tfin Nhilu bidn phap rfl't cu thi ciia Dang, Chinh phii vfi lanh dao Thu dd kip thfli giup qufin, dfin Ha Ndi chifi'n dfi'u gidi, phdng trfinh ttft vfi gifl gin trfit tU trj an Ben cpnh nhflng ddn vj, nhflng tfi'm gUdng chitfn dfi'u dung cam, mUu tri dfii mfit vdi quan thfl trfin trfin dja, ed bifi't bao nhflng hfinh dfing eao dpp tifiu bieu eho truyin thtfng htft khutft eiia Thii dd diln trfin cac mfit trfin phyc vy chifi'n dtfu, khfic phyc hfiu qua bom dan ciia lUe lUdng dan qufin, tu vfi Cd gai di?n thoai vien Ld Thi Van, bUu difin Gia Lam lifin tyc 10 ngfiy dfim thuflng trUc bfin dfii, bfin mfiy, bom no each ndi lfim vific 100m vfin binh tinh nfii day, cung dong dpi bao dam lifin lac O dpi cfing ty cau dudng nfii thfinh, dpi truflng bj thuong, mfit dfi't edn hoc khdi, dpi phd Trfin Thi Tuytft vfin xdng len ehi huy ddn vi thu don nhanh ehdng, giai phdng mfit duflng cho xe chay Cac chj Pham Thj Bfic, Ngd Thj Dfiu (bpnh vidn Vipt - Dflc), Le Thj Ba (bfinh vien Dtfng Da), Nguyen Thj Thuflng (bfinh vipn Xanh Pdn), cac chj em fl nhfi hfl sinh B (khu Hai Bfi TrUng) vfi rtft nhieu can bfl, nhan vien y ttf fl cfic bpnh vien, tram xfi da khdng quan mpt nhpc, hy sinh, dem tfin tyy cflu chfla ngUfli bj nan Nguyen Thi Sao, ciia hfing phd ciia hfing fin uong Yen Vifin bj bom vui Itfp da tu bdi ciia hfim cflu minh vfi dpng vifin chj em bam try lo cdm nfldc phuc vy lUc Ifldng dtfn khtfc phye hfiu qua Bi thU dang iiy vfi chu tjch cfic xa Giang Bien, Thach Bfin, Uy No, Due Tfl, Nhfin Chinh, Ml Tri hfiu htft lfi nfl, nhUng rtft xfing xao Bom d^n vfla 51 dflt, cac chj dfi nhanh chdng huy ddng lUc lupng dtfn khfic phuc hfiu qua, on dinh tU tuflng vfi san xufi't dja phUdng Cfic chj Trfin Thj Kim Dung, Trfin Thj Hfing Sfim, cfing nhfin nhfi may dpt 8/3 Ifi nhflng dpi vifin xung kich lufin cd mfit sdm nhtft dl cflu may, cflu ngUdi cd dich ndm bom vfio nhfi mfiy Cfic chitfn si cdng an Pham Xuan Dat, Lfi Thj Khuyen, TrUdng Cfing Sam bj bom vui Itfp, sau dupe cflu thofit, ngfldi cdn thUdng tich nhUng dfi kifin tri theo sd dfi khu vUc cflng dong dpi dUa hdn 40 ngUfli khoi vdng nguy hiem Vfi, cdn bie't bao tfi'm gUdng sang dang dupe ca ngdi ciia chifi'n si, dfing bfio fl cfic bp, cfic ngfinh, cfic etfp,, Cflng vfli cac chitfn si tfin liia, cao xa dfinh djch, cac cd quan tai khu phtf, huyfin chii ddng chi vifin ehitfn dfi'u, phuc vu chifin dfi'u Cfing trUdng 57 titfp dan phao 100 ly cho trfin dia khu Ba Dinh Trung dpi nfl dan quan thfin Thanh Mai tifi'p dan cho trfin dia phfio Hai Bfi TrUng Trfin dia khu Dtfng Da, Hofin Kitfm va nhie'u trfin dia trfin khfip Thii Hfi Npi da dUdc dfing dao dan quan, tU vp, hpc sinh, smh vien, xa vifin ho trd Mfic cho bom dan uy hie'p, chitfn si quan sat tren cfic ndc nhfi Ngfin hfing Trung Udng, Hpc vien Thuy Lpi, Dai hpc Bach Khoa, Cd Quang Trung, xa Tri Hipp, Khu Van Ho, Dai hpc Su pham vfin kien quytft bam try theo ddi tinh hinh, bfio efio kip thfli cho sfl chi huy O chdi quan sat xa Giang Bien (Gia Lfim), btfn ed gai Nguyen Minh Ty phy trach bam try tfl dfiu chitfn dich vfin kien cUdng bude ngUfli vfio thfinh sfit dl khoi bfit xutfng dtft bom no gfin, dfinh dfi'u tflng khu vfle bj ndm bom, bfio cao vtf ban chi huy huypn dpi Bfin canh dd, dan qufin, tU vp Thii dd Hfi Npi da Ifip dflpc nhflng chitfn cdng xutft sfic Trfin dja cua cac ehitfn si tU vp Vfin Don, bfing khtfu phao nha dan cung mdt thfli Rghian ciru Lich sCr atf 8.2012 dilm b^n mfiy'bay F l l l A ciia gific My (9h dfim ngfiy 22-12-1972) Dfiy lfi chitfe F l l l A dfiu tifin vfi cung tfi mfiy bay chitfn thufit hi^n dpi nhfi't ciia My Iflc bfi'y gifl Trong trfin nfiy, cfie khfi'u dpi trfldng Nguyin Thj Hicu, Nguyin Vfin Hai, Bfli Mai, Nguyin Hflng, Phpm Thj Viin da dflpc ctfp trdn khen ngdi vfi dUpc Chii tjch Tdn Dflc Thfing, Dgi tfldng Vo Nguyfin Gifip vfi nhic'u cac ddng chi lanh dpo Dang, Chinh phii vfi thfinh phtf xuong tfin trfin dja dPng vifin, tfing qufi vfi chyp anh lUu ni^m Vfi, tfl kinh nghipm bfin rdi mfiy bay FllA eiia tU vp trfin dja Vfin Dfin, Bp Tu ipnh thii dfi da chi dao cfic khu phtf, huyfin nhanh chdng ttf chflc 23 trfin dja tfip trung khfie sfin sfing danh djch Moi trfin dia ed tfl dtfn khtfu phao, bo tri thfinh cym, ddn long cfic dUdng bay ciia dich Cfich danh djch cung rfi't phong phu, da dang Khu vfle nfiy khdng ddn dupc may bay, anh chj em lai chuyen trfin dja sang khu vUe khae PhUdng tifin vfin chuyen cua efic trfin dia cung rfi't thd sd, linh hoat; bfing d td, may kdo, lue bfing xe bd, xe eai tid'n hofic khifing vfic, Chinh efic trfin dja phao ciia dfin qufin, ty vp thu dd gdp phfin gifing lUdi liia, btf vfiy uy hifi'p vfi qufit nga may bay eiia gifie My nhflng chitfn dtfu vfi phyc vy chitfn dtfu gioi mfi cdn gdp phfin khfing nho vipc sd tfin ngufli vfi tai san ciia nhfi nUflc khoi vflng chitfn sy; cflu nhitfu ngUfli vfi tfii san ciia nhfi nUflc khdi bj thipt hai, bj thfldng, bj chtft Dfin qufin tU vfi dfi ddng vai trd to Ifln, quytft djnh vipc nhanh chdng khac phyc hfiu qua phfi hoai ciia gific My tflng gid, tflng ngfiy Dfic bifit, dfin qufin ti^ vfi da phffi ktft hdp vfli cfic lUc lupng vu trang, dam bao tot trfit tU, an tofin xfi hpi Dfin qufin, ti^ vfi thu dfi thUc sU lfi mfit nhfin ttf quytft djnh thfing lpi ciia trfin "Difin Bifin Phii tren khfing" eutfi nfim 1972 tren hfiu trfli Hfi Ndi Cudc chifi'n dtfu chtfng chitfn tranh phfi hoai lfin thfl ciia dtf quoc My mfi dinh cao la 12 dfim cuoi nfim 1972 tren hfiu trfli Hfi Npi da di vfio ljch sit Vifit Nam vfi thtf gifli nhu mpt dfi'u son chdi lpi Chflng minh nhfin djnh dung dfin, sang suot cua Chii tjch Hfi Chi Minh: "Phai dU kitfn mpi tinh hutfng cfing sdm cfing ttft Nhfl lfi truflc thua fl Trifiu Tien, dtf qufic My da hiiy dipt Binh Nhuflng d Vipt Nam, My se nhtft djnh thua NhUng id chi chju thua sau thua trdn bfiu trdi Hfi NSi" (10) Tr$n "Difin Ngfiy 30 thang 12 nfim 1972, My bupc Bifin Phii tren khdng" cutfi nfim 1972 tren phai ngflng ndm bom bfin pha mifi'ii Bfic bfiu trfli Thii dfi Hfi Nfii se lfi dtf tfii cho Ga Hfing Co, Yen Vien, Giap Bfit, Vfin Diln nhitfu nhfi qufin sU, chinh trj, sii hoc trfin lai ntfi dua ngudi, vu khi, trang thifi't thfi' gidi nghien cflu, khai thfie vtf tinh chtft bj vfio miin Nam Bp dpi chu li^c, bp dfii dja anh hiing cua Vipt Nam, ciia quan dfin Thii phUdng, dan quan, ti; vfi chtfn chinh ddn vj, dfi Hfi Npi vfi vtf nhflng sai lfim cua dtf qufic Cling CO trfin dja, tich eUc tufin tilu Nhfin My, Dl lfim nfin khuc ea khai hofin ve vang dfin thii dd lai bfit tay vfio cupc hfin gfin vtft fl'y, cfi vj tri, vai trd to Ifln ciia lUc lUdng dfin thUdng chitfn tranh, tifi'p tye san xutft, tfn qufin, tu vfi thii dfi Lue lUdng dan quan, tfl vp thii dfi Hfi Npi da khJing dinh vai trd to dinh cupc song Rd rfing, dan quan, tU vp da gifl mpt vj ldn lfi mpt li^c lupng ndng ctft cufic tri vfi cflng quan trpng trfin "Difin chifi'n tranh nhan dfin Viet Nam dufli sU Bien Phu tren khfing" nfim 1972 fl Thu dfi lanh dao ciia Dang Hfi Npi Dfin qufin, tU vP thij dfl chfing (Xem tidp trang 59) Tham hhio mOt cutfn 56ch CHU THtCH (1) T4n cutfn sfich: Histoire Terminates ES,L,S Le Monde de 1945 d noajoura Collection Laurent Bourquin Edition Belin, Paria 2010 (2) Phfip CO Profesaeur k I'UniveraittS, Maitre de Conference fi I'Univerait^, Proreaseur au lyc4e (3) ChUdng trinh g6m 18 chUdng c6 ti^u dfi nhu aau: Phdn I: Thg gidi tU ndm 1945 din nay: L Th«' gidi aau Gu^ Th^ chitfn thfir Hai Sy chuyan bi^n vl kinh ttf NhQng ki^u sfi'ng mdi NhOng mfiu hinh ldn v l y thCic h$ Sy thS'nK trj thufic dja cua ch&u Au Phi thyc dfin h6a vg ay ddi cua Thi* gidi thul Ba Sy dtfi d£u Dfing - Tfiy cho dtfn nhiing nfim 1970 Ti£'n tdi kg't thiJc thtf gidi hai cvic tir nhang nfim 1970 de'n 1991 M$t t h i gidi khong on dinh t£c 1991 din ngfiy Phdn H: Chdu Au tic ndm 1945 din 10 TSy Au cho dtfn cuETi nhiing nfim 80.11 Thdi ky ciia cfic nin dfin chu nhfin dfin 12 Cii dxKfc vk cfii mfi't cua chfiu Au tfl nfim 1989 (4), Lfi'y vi d\i trang Lich sii vd ngh§ thudt thuOc chiftJng (tr, 170 - 171) mang ti6u dl Hollywood vd Vi^t Nam g6m biic anh tit phim chiiu vi chifi'n tranh Vi^t Nam, Cu^c hdnh trinh din cu^ dia nguc cua Michael Cimino (1978), Ngdy tdn thi ciia Francia Ford Coppola (1979), Trung ddi cua Oliver Stone (1986), ChUc gidp cua Stanley Kubrick (1987), Sinh ngdy thdng Bdy cua Ohver Stone (1990) Dildi mSi tffm anh diu c6 chii thfch ve tac gia, n9i dung cuon phim vfi ldi binh lu^n Qua d6, hpc sinh c6 thi nh^n biet du^c chiin tranh Vi^t Nam dildi cfii nhin Lua phim anh vfi dilu ki^n cua nUdc Phap, vi^c xem nhOng cu^n phim n&y khong phai \k dieu khd (5) Chfl vifi't tdt theo tie'ng Phap, ta thUdng diing theo tilng Anh, vf dy OTAN lfi NATO, OTASE lfi SEATO VAI TRO CUA LlJC LlJOlVG DAW QUARf, TlJ VE (Tiep iheo trang 52) CHU THICH (1), (2) Bfio Qudn dgi Nhdn ddn ngfiy 6-21973 (3) Dai tudng Vo Nguyen Giap, Tdng tdp HSi ky, Nxb Quan doi Nhan dan Hfi N^i 2006, tr, 11346 (4) TJofin Quang Trung bao v§ Thii d6" A\it}c thfinh Ifip vfio ngfiy 21-6-1972 Trung dofin chu y^u lfi bd d6i chuyln ngfinh dang hof t d$ng fl khtfi cflng nghidp Ban Chi huy gom cfic d&ag chf: Phdng 'Vfin Thfii - Trung dofin trudng, LUu Quang Hfing Chfnh uy (5), (6), (7) Thd dd Hd Ngi Lick khdng chien ch&ng My cUu nUdc (1954-1975) Nxb Quan dpi Nhfin dfin, Hfi Noi, 1991, tr 245, 254, 255 (8) Hoi ky cua Nichxdn Nxb, Cflng an Nhan dfin 2004, tr 907 (10), Hi Chi Minh, bien niin sU kien vd tU lieu vi qudn st^ Nxb Qufin d§i Nhfin dfin, Hfi Npi, 1990, tr 203, (9) Thd dd Hd Ngi Lich si khdng chii'n chSng My cUu nUdc (1954-1975) Nxb Qufin dpi NhSn dfin, Hfi Npi, 1991, tr 255 VE CO D I \ G D A U T R A I M I ClIOl^G DlJ Aj\ TIIUE ]\AM 193« QUA BAO CIII XlT ij\ TUUl^G KY NGUVfiN VAN TRUNG* Ban dii an thutf vk cac tdi bdo ciia Xijf uy Trung Ky nfim 1938 Khi nguy cd Chifi'n tranh the gidi thfl Hai dang gfin kfi", Chinh phii thufic dia tim moi each tfing thu ngfin sach thfing qua cac khoan ddng gdp nhfi't lfi thutf khda Vi le dd, dudi sU dieu khiln ciia thflc dfin Phfip, nfim 1938 Hoang de'Bao Dai ban hanh dao Du quy dinh mflc thue' than vfi thufi' ditfn thfi' mdi doi vdi ngUfli dan An Nam, Theo dd, thufi' than chia thfinh hang: thue' nha't dinh cflng thue ty Ip Ngofii ra, nhflng khoan thutf khac mfi ngUdi lao dfing tfly theo dia vi kinh ttf cua minh mfi hp phai nop cho Chinh phu ma d^io Du xac dinh gdm: "Nhihig ngUdi khdng cd sdn nghiep gi ddng ddng thud diin tho, khdng cd phuang sanh hogc gi ddng ddng thue mdn bdi, hay la khdng thiit cd chUc nghiSp gi chdc chdn cd mdt sd'lUOng ddng niin it Id 180$, thi diu chiu thud nhdt dinh Id 1$00 ddng thutf thfin cho mdt so trfldng hdp: nhflng ngUdi b; tfin tfit khfing cd kha nfing lao ddng, eflng vdi ngUdi giS 60 tu^i; ngUdi dang tham gia qufin dpi Nam trid'u, canh sat dang phue vu, quan nhan khfing c6 phfim chflc, linh tfip va cac chflc vide tfip binh dang tai ngu, cflu chie'n bmh Chien tranh the gidi lan Nhfi't bi thUdng hofic mfie benh nfing; dan lang cua Vua (gpi lfi Ifing Quy hUdng) Ve" nghia vu ddng thue' ty Ip, tfit ca ngUdi dan nudc ta khfing ke dfin fing hay dan bfi dung 18 tufi'i fl tai Trung Ky vfio 0101-1939, hang nfim phai ddng thud', ne'u: "1) Chung no Id nghiip - chu d hUang thdn cd rugng hogc dd han hai mdu 2) Chung nd Id nghiep - chu d thdnh thi, hode cd mdn bdi co nggch thudtho dia hogc thud mdn bdi qud rugt thue'3$0 3} Chung nd cd chUc nghiip hogc dUOc thiim dudng, ddng niin hudng mdt so'tiin NhUng ngudi ndo dUOc hitdng mdn tU lai bong cdp hogc bdng thiim duang ngogi cdc mdn ndi ro d trin, thi phdi chiu 300$" (2) thud nhdt dinh 2$S0" (1) Tfi't ca Ben canh dd, hang thutf difi'n thfi' dUdc ap nifin nfldc ta dung 18 tufi'i vfio ngfiy 01-01- dung ddi vdi cac loai dfi't khac Cu the 1939 phai chiu ddng thutf nhtft dinh thutf difin: "hgng 1, 2$50/mdu; hgng 2, Tuy vfiy, khoan thfl hai cua dao 2$00/mdu; hgng 3, l,5$/mdu; hang 4, Du Cling da lidt ke difi'u kifin dflpc mien 1,0$/mdu Cdn thudtho dUac dinh mUc: hgng 'ThS, D^i hpc Vinh Rghian eiiru H c h sJr atf 8.2012 Xfl uy Ngofii vi§c chi d^o chung, Xfl iiy cdn tri^c titfp chi dpo cfic tinh Trung Trung Ky Sau Xfl iiy Trung K^ thtfng nhtft dupc tfii l§p, thso chu trUdng ciia TW Dang, d^ ti§n cho B\f lanh dao, Xfl iiy Trung KJ da thfinh l$p cfic Ban cfin si^ dl lanh dao cfic tinh litfn ktf Vi^c thfinh Ifip Xfl uy vfi Ban cfin 81^ Dang lanh d^o cfic dja phUdng lfi nhfin ttf quytft dinh thuc dfiy phong trfio cfich m^ng t^i Trung Ky nhflng nfim 1936 • 1939, Sii dyng kha nfing hpp phfip thfing lpi ciia M4t trfin binh dfin fl Phfip dem lai, hopt ddng bfio chi cdng khai ciia nhflng lUc lU0ng titfn bd mfi hat nhfin lfi cac chitfn si cfing Ban fl Trung K^ di^n eoi n^i Nguon- Bdo tdng Cdch mgng Vii I Nam nhflng nflm 1938- 1939 1, 2$50; hgng 2, 2$00; hang 3, 1,0$; hgng 4, Vfio trUdc thang 7-1938, Xfl uy Trung 0,80$;hgng5, 0,60$;hang6 0,30$"i3) K^ cd tfl bao lfi Nhdnh Ida vfi Sdng Ngo&i ra, dfi cd nUde phvc vu san xutft Huang tuc bdn, nhflng cae tfl bao tfy da bi Sfl dfin thuy cung ctfp, ngUdi dan cung cfi'm ho^t ddng Khi Xfl iiy Trung Kj^ vfla phai ganh chiu mdt khoan thutf tUdng dtfi dUdc phyc hdi da cho ddi td bfio Ddn, nfing, theo quy dinh thi "bgc 1: 4,0$; bdc 2: xufi't ban hfing tufin vfio ngfiy thfl sau tai Hutf, Tda soan 11 Doudart de lagred, ngudi 3,5$; bdc 3:3,0$"{4) Trong boi canh dd, phong trfio cfich sfing l^p, chu nhi^m Nguyin Dan Qutf tfl stf mang tai Trung K^ vfio dfiu nfim 1938, d$t • 15; tfl stf 16 - 17 Nguyen XuSn Cac, dudi sfl lanh dao ciia dfiu mfii lfi Ban cfin Chl d^o bifin ttfp Phan Dfing Lim, bfi phfin su hfin tinh Ngai - Binh - Phu; Lifin Xfl uy bidn tfip gdm nhflng d6ng chi nhU Hai Bfic Ky - Bfic Trung Ky vfi bp phfin cfic Tritfu, Bfli San, Lfi Bdi Vdi danh nghia lfi ddng chi boat ddng fl Trung Ky ddng chl "Cd quan lifin hi^p ttft ca cfic lUc lUdng etfp Nguyen Chi Dieu - Uy vifin Trung Udng titfn xfl" nhung thUc chtft lfi cd quan ngfin lufin ciia Xfl iiy, tham mUu cho cufic (TW) Dang dflng dfiu Trudc tinh hinh chfla thong nhfi't nhfl vfin ddng dfin chii tai Trung Ky tren, tai Hpi nghi Ban Chfi'p hanh TW Dang Bao Ddn mfit b^n dpc ngfiy 6-7-1938, thang - 1938 da quytft dinh Ifip l^i Xfl uy lfi bfio dupc nhitfu ddc gia nhfi't khoang Trung K% giao tinh Bfic Trung KJ (Thanh • 6.000 ban mSi stf Vdi trpng trach kip thdi Nghp - tinh) cho Xfl iiy Trung KJ chi d^o cung ctfp nhflng tin chinh xac den vdi dfic Thuc hidn chu trUdng nfiy, dfiu thfing 4- gia, Ban bifin tfip yfiu cfiu "NhUng tin gii vi 1938, Xfl iiy Trung K^ dUpc Ifip lai ddng ddng, xin cdc ban hdy diiu tra cdn thdn chi Nguyin Chi Dieu Ifim Bi thU Xfl iiy lue trUdc dd vd thudt cho dung khdng dUOc ddng cd quan fl Hutf Cuoi nfim 1938, thim, bdt ty ndo cd Ndu sai sU thUc, ddn ddng chi Nguy§n Chi Di^u lfim b^nh vfi qua ndi xdy viic gi, ngUdi ky tin phdi hodn ddi, dong chi Le Dutfn dUdc cii lfim BI thU todn chiu trdch nhiim Trang Ohu m$t st tir bio cda Trung Ky gial dotin 1936- 1139 V^ cd ddng dtfu tranh chtfng-dtf 6n thutf NhUng tin khdng ky tin vd chd d rd rdng thi khdng ddng " (5) Va de CO d^ng manh mS cho cudc v^n dfing dan chii Ban bifin t§p bfio kfiu gpi "Nin doc bdo Ddn vd cd ddng cho nhiiu ngUdi dge " Hudng muc dich phuc vy cupe dfi'u tranh chong thue ciia qufin ehung, Xfl iiy Trung Ky da tfing stf lUdng phfit hfinh bao Dfin bfing cfich xufi't ban thfim stf bao d$c bi$t vfio ngfiy thfl ba hfing tufin "Bdt ddu tU sd' ndy, bdo Ddn lgi thim mdi tudn mdt sd' ddc biit trang ldn Sd' ddc biit dy se xud't bdn vdo khodng giUa hai ky hdo thUdng nghla Id vdo thU ba Ddc gid nhd ddn xem nhihig di nghi cdi cdch thud thdn cua chung tdi sd tdi" (6) Gia bao mot nfim 2$00, sau thfing 1$00, ba thang 0$50, mfit so 0$04, rifing chinh phu va ngoai quoc thi gia ban gtfp doi Sau dUdc 17 stf, de'n ngfiy 7-101938 thi bfio Ddn bi Tofin quyen Dfing Dudng rut gitfy phdp hoat dpng, budc tdi lfi bao Dan "dd ddng nhUng tin thdt thiit gdy xao xuydn nhdn tdm" Sau bao Ddn hi ddng ciia, la'y danh nghia la Cd quan lifin hi^p tfi't ca cac li^c lUdng ctfp tie'n, Xfl iiy Tmng Ky da fi'n hfinh tfl Ddn tidn lfim cd quan ngfin lufin, vu chien da'u ciia minh Bfio dUdc bifin tfip fl Hue', in vfi phat hanh tai Sfii Gfin Chi d^o bien tfip Phan Dfing Luu, ThU ky tda so^n Luu Quoe Ky, Quan ly Huj^nh Vfin Thanh Bao xuat ban hang tufin vfio thfl nfim, tda scan so 46D, Nguyin Ttfn Nhiem, Sai Gdn la dudng Phat Difim, in fl nhfi in Bao Tdn So ngdy 27-10-1938; so ngfiy 10-11-1938; so ngfiy 1-1-1938; stf 15-12-1938; stf ngfiy 22-12-1938) Gia bao mpt nfim 2$00, sau thang 1$00, ba thang 0$50, mpt stf 0$04 Nhfim muc dich co dpng manh me cupc dfiu tranh ddi tU dan chii, Xfl uy Trung [III AN m O I €UA ClUNIIPIIU Ngudn: Bdo tdng Cdch mgng Viit Nam Kjf da phat h^nh tfl Ddn mudn vfli danh nghia td bao ciia dan Bao dUdc bien tfip fl Hutf, in vfi xutft ban tai Sfii Gdn, Chi dao bifin tfip Phan Dfing Luu, Chu nhiem Phan Vfin Tao, ThU ky tda soan Luu Quoe Ky, Toa soan stf 196, dai IS Galieni, Sai Gdn, la dudng Trfin HUng Dao, in fl nhfi in Bao Ton, stf ngfiy 20-12-1938, stf ngfiy 05-11939 Gia ban mpt nfim 2$40, sau thang 1$20, ba thang 0$65, mdt so 0$05 Xfl uy Trung Ky sau dUdc khfii phue lai, da triet di sb dung bao chi cdng khai lam vu each mang, tuyfin truyen dudng Ifii tfip hdp hudng dfin phong trao dfiu tranh ciia qufin chung nhidm vu ddi bai bo ban Du an tfing thutf cua chinh phu nfim 1938 Ve CO dong cupc dtfu t r a n h chong Dii an thutf n a m 1938 TrUdc nhflng bitfn chuyen ciia tinh hinh nudc vfi the gidi, dfic bi§t dUdi anh sang ciia chu trUdng chuyen hUdng chid'n lUdc D£ii hpi Ifin thfl VII cua Qud'e te Cfing san de" Trong nhflng nfim 19361939, Ban Chtfp hfinh TW Dang Cfing san Ddng Duong da hpp Hfii nghj Ifin thfl hai (7-1936), Ifin thfl ba (3-1937), Ifin thfl tU (9- Rghian eiiru Lich sir, stf 8.2012 1937) vfi Ifin thfl nfim (3-1938) dtf chii trUdng dfi'u t r a n h ddi quyfin dfin chii, dfin s i n h B a n Chfi'p hJinh TW n h $ n djnh, cfich m ^ n g Dfing D u d n g vfin lfi "cfich m ^ n g t u s a n dfin quytfn - p h a n dtf vfi di^n dja - l&p e h i n h quytfn ciia cfing nfing bfing h i n h thflc Xfi vitft, Ai d\f bj dicu k i ^ n di tfli cfich m ^ n g xii hdi chii nghia" Song, xdt rfing, cudc v$n dpng qufin chflng hi§n thdi ca v^ c h i n h trj vfi ttf chflc c h u a tdi t r i n h dd trUc titfp dfinh do' dtf qutfc Phfip, I$p c h i n h quytfn cdng ndng, giai quytft vtfn ditfn dia T r o n g dd, yfiu cfiu cfi'p bfich trUdc mfit ciia nhfin dfin ta Iflc nfiy lfi t\f do, dfin chii, cai thidn ddi stfng Vi vtfy, D a n g p h a i nfim Itfy nhflng yeu cfiu nfiy dtf phfit dpng qufin c h u n g dfi'u t r a n h , tao tien dtf dUa cfich m a n g titfn Ifin budc cao hdn s a u nfiy Ve h i n h thflc td chflc vfi bi^n phfip dfi'u t r a n h D a n g chu trUdng p h a i c h u y a n h i n h thfle td' chflc b l mfit k h d n g hdp p h a p s a n g cac h i n h thflc td' chfle, dfi'u t r a n h edng k h a i , niia cfing k h a i , h p p p h a p vfi niia hdp p h a p , nhfim lfim cho D a n g mfl r d n g q u a n hd vdi qufin c h u n g , gifio due, to chflc, l a n h d a o qufin chflng dtfu t r a n h bfing cac h i n h thflc va khfiu hipu thich h d p T r o n g k h i de r a c h u trUdng mdi d^ l a n h dao nhfin d a n dfiu t r a n h nhfim thflc h i $ n cac q u y e n d a n chii d a n s i n h , T W D a n g d a dfit vfi'n dtf nhfin thflc lai mtfi q u a n h § gifla hai n h i ^ m vu dfin tfic vfi d a n chii, p h a n dtf vfi ditfn dia t r o n g each m a n g fl Ddng DUdng, Qufin t r i e t dfiy dii dUdng loi cua TW, s a u dao Dy tfing thutf ciia Hofing dtf Bao Dai dupc cdng bo, Xfl u y T r u n g Ky d a v ^ n d y n g s a n g tao cac h i n h thflc t u y e n truyfin, ctf dpng dtfu t r a n h ddi b a i bd b a n di^ fin thutf trfin cd q u a n n g d n lufin ciia m i n h Vtfn dtf chong BUU cao, thutf nfing dUdc cfic tfl b a o t h ^ hidn vdi ndi d u n g s a t t h u c bfing nhifi"u c h u y e n m u c khfic n h a u , tfip t r u n g vfio mfit so nfii d u n g nhU: joch mgng Vifl Nam ThU nhdt vdi chflc nfing lfi cd q u a n chi dao vfi thtfng nhtft hfinh ddng, t h d n g qua cfic stf bfio, Xfl iiy T r u n g Ky dfing nhitfu bai vitft ldn a n thii d o a n ciia C h i n h phii Ifiy ed "siia doi thutf cho cdng bfing", nhflng thflc chtft lfi tfing n g h i a vy d d n g gdp ciia ngUdi dfin lao ddng Npi d u n g nfiy thtf h i ^ n viec nfim vflng s a c h lUpc dfi'u t r a n h T r u n g Udng Dang dtf r a t r o n g U n h h i n h mdi Bfli ngfiy 26-031937, B a n Chtfp hfinh T r u n g Udng Dang Cdng s a n Dfing DUdng r a vfin kidn Vi td chUc mdi cua Ddng, nhfin m a n h t r o n g hofin c a n h mdi D a n g p h a i cd d u d n g c h i n h tri mdi, d u d n g c h i n h tri mdi lai bfit budc p h a i cd d u d n g Itfi ttf chute mdi S a c h lUdc cua D a n g luc nfiy lfi lifin hifip hfinh ddng vdi cfic d a n g phfii, cac dofin thtf, cfic tfing Idp dfin c h u n g dtf Itfp M $ t trfin t h o n g nhfit dfin chii D d n g DUdng, chtfng c h i n h sach thu(tc d{a da m a n ciia b p n dtf quoc, ddi nhflng quytfn t\f dfin chii d d n sd (tu n g d n lufin, hfii h p p , Ifip hdi, t i n ngUdng, di l a i t r o n g xfl, xufi't dUdng, t u Ifip nghiep dofin), ddi lu|it lao d p n g , ddi a n x a bo cac ddc quytfn, bo thutf thfin, b d t cfic thfl thutf khfic, ddi cai t h i ^ n s i n h h o a t cho cac Idp Ve etf ddng dtfu tranh chtfng dxf 6n thutf 41 nhan dan (cdng, ndng, binh, tieu thUdng gia, bfinh vUc cho ngUfli dfin hoat dpng; nfio lfi cac Idp tilu tu san, cac Idp bi ap bflc nhflng fing nghi ciia Dfin vipn titfn bp to cfic giai ctfp khfic, ) Dfi dinh hudng dung bfinh vi^c cho dan thi hi Chinh phii tim mpi cho cdng tfic tuyfin truyfi'n, co dfing dfip flng cfich de doa; nfio lfi sii dung cfic td bfio phan yeu cfiu eiia tinh hinh, nhidm vy giai dpng dl ca tung du an vfi cii mdt etf nhfi doan hien t^i lfi tao anh huflng to ldn ciia cfim quyen di hfinh hat tai cac dia phfldng Dang qufin chung, dfip tan mpi lufin vfin ddng dan chung chfi'p thufin; nfio lfi dieu phan ddng ciia bpn Tdrd'tkit "Nghi Chinh phii dUa ban dU fin Ban thudng quyi't cua Dgi hdi thU VH cua Qudc tdCdng tri^c Dfin vipn xfit chifi'u Id, Vitft vtf hfinh sdn bdo rdng: Phdi doi hdn nhihig phuang dpng quytft tam cua Chinh phii vtfn phdp tuyin truyin cd ddng cd tinh chdt cd dfi tfing thutf, bfii bao cd doan: "Thdt the, ddc vd it thich hop cho qudn chiing; sU tuyin chd'ng hdn vdi y kiin cua viin, mac ddu thU truyin cd ddng phdi hiin thUc liin lac vdi trd ldi cua ban thUdng true dd to nhUOng nhihig diu nhu yi'u trUc tidp vd "quyin ldi bd qud chUng, chdnhphu vdn nhdt dinh thi hdng ngdy cua qudn chiing" (7) Dfi'n Hfii hdnh bdn dU dn mdi, khdng mdy may dem xia tdi nhUng y kidn bUc thU dy Dung nghi Ban Chfi'p hfinh TW hpp tfl 25-8-1937 nhu ldi mgt dng nghi ng ndi ky hgi de'n 4-9-1937, trfin ed sfl nhfin dinh nhflng dong vUa rdi "Chdnh phu coi ddn • viin mfit han chtf ve cdng tae bao chi thdi nhu mdt trb hi" diem hifin tai, dfiy manh hieu qua hoat Ay do, ngUdi ta dd thi thddu mgi cdch di ddng tuyfin truyfi"n, ctf dfing cua Dang, Hdi nghi de chu trUdng: "TU ui sau, cdc bdt ddn Trung ky phdi chiu dU dn mdi" (9) Hai Id, nhfim len tie'ng bao vfi quye"n lpi vdn di bdn din sinh hogt vd cdc cugc van dong qudn chung phdi diing sdch bdo cdng thiet thfle cho ngudi dan lao ddng, bfio ehi eua khai md gidi thich Cdc bdo bi mat cua Xfl uy da kich liet phan dtfi, cfing khai bfiy td ddng bg kdtii'p ra, nhiin chi bdn nhihig nguyen vpng, quan diem ve ban Du an thufi' ma Chinh phii ban hanh mfit cfich trUe tifip vdn de khdng the in cdng khai md thdi" (8) Nh^n ro vai tro quan trpng eua bao chi hofic gian tie'p Nhfim yeu eau Chinh phii viee dinh hUdng dU lufin vfi hUflng phai bai bd hofic sia dfi'i lai cho phu hpp vfli dan tfip hdp qufin chung, tfin dung triet de kha nfing ddng gdp eua ngUdi dan Ve nhifim vu Dang Cpng san Ddng nhflng die"u kipn khach quan mfi ehinh quye"n thufic dia dem Iai, Xfl uy Trung Ky^ DUdng de sfich lUdc dfiu tranh qua Thdng day manh eong tac tuyen truyen co dpng bdo vi vdn de bdu cu" vd thui'gbi cac ctfp bp tren bao cdng Bfli vfiy, ban dU an Dang ngfiy 25-02-1938 Trung Udng Dang thue dUdc cdng bo, tren bao Dan muon, so chl ro: "Vu thue ndm dd tdi, hdt thdy cdc 1, da cd bai vifi't: Chinh phu Trung - ky dd cdp bg Ddng diu cd nhiim vu ldnh dao qudn ddng cdch gi de bdt ddn Trung - ky phdi chung ddi miin thud thdn cho ddn ngheo, tdng thud, phan tich sau sfic nhflng bifin ddi gidm thud cho cdc tdng Idp tieu tU sdn, phfip mfi Chinh phu sii dung de budc dan ddi thi hdnh chd thud ddn chu, ddnh thud luy tidn ddi vdi lai tUc nhdm bdt ngUdi gidu phai chiu gfinh nfing thutf khda Vfi nhfim phdi chiu thud dung mUc O nhitng vdng hi dat muc dich, Chinh phu khfing trfl mpt lut hay bi hgn hdn, phdi ddi miin thud thdn thu doan nfio: dd lfi khung bo, giam cfim, ngoai li cho tdt cd ddn cdy, ddi xda na vd bo bat bd, danh dfip, ktft fin nhflng ngUdi hdn thud diin thd cho trung vd bdn ndng chong doi; nao lfi cfim td bfio Ddn, cd quan Rghian curu Lleh sCr stf 8.2012 Cdc ifdVi^ chi si phdi cdnh gidc han, khdn kheo hdn qud trinh cdng tdc cua minh di kit hpp dU