VÀI NÉT VỀ KINH TẾ TỈNH TUYÊN QUANG

VAI NET VE KINH TE T I N H TUYEN QUANG NtfA DAU THE Kl XIX DAM THI UYfiN' NGUVflN THI TRANG" T inh Tuyen Quang phia ddng each dia gidi chau Bach Thdng tinh Thai Nguyen 103 dam, phia tay de'n dia gidi huydn Tran Yen va chau Thuy Vi tinh Hiing Hoa 148 dam, phia nam dd'n dia gidi eae huyen Hung Quan va Son Dildng tinh Sdn Tay 37 dam, phia bac de'n dia gidi phu Khai Hda tinh Van Nam niidc Thanh 347 dam Ddng • tay each 251 dam, nam bac each 384 dam Nui eao eo Van Trung va Ngpc Mao, sdng ldn cd sdng Ld, sdng Gam, cac ciia Bac Ty va Binh Mdn che dd cf mat ngoai, cac don bao Tuyen Tinh, Yen Bien giii viing d mat trong, day la phen dau ciia Trung Chdu, ciing la nOi dia cdu quan yeu (1) Trong suo't chieu dai lich sii, Tuyen Quang da nhieu lan thay doi ten gpi va dia gidi hanh chinh Ban trieu nam Gia Long thti nha't (1802) gpi la tra'n Tuyen Quang Nam 1831, Minh Menh chia hat gpi la tinh Tuyen Quang (tinh li d xa Y La huyen Ham Yen, trude dat Tuan phu, rdi bo Tuan phu chi dat ty Bd' Chinh, An Sat) Den nam 1833, tho tii chau Bao Lac la Nong Van Van lam loan, sau dep yen ehia chau Bao Lac lam huyen Vinh Dien, De Dinh, chia chau Vi Xuyen lam huyen la Vi Xuyen va Vinh Tuy, dat them phii An Ninh, dd'i ten chau Dai Man ggi la chau Chiem Hda Thieu Tri thii (1844) ddi ten phu An Ninh lam • PGS.TS Dai hoc Thai Nguyen " Dai hoc Thai Nguyen phu Tiidng An de'n nam Til Dile thii 4, bo chau Luc Yen ve phu kiem nhid'p (2) Tinh thd'ng hat phu gdm chau huydn: Phu Yen Binh cd Thu Chau, Ham Yen, Vinh Tuy va chau Luc Yen Phu Tiidng An gdm V!nh Dien, De Dinh, Vi Xuyen va Chiem Hda (3) K i n h t e n o n g n g h i e p Vdi vi tri dia ly - chinh tri quan trpng, da't dai rdng ldn, giau tai nguydn khoang san, Tuyen Quang cd dieu kien de phat trien, giao liiu, tie'p xuc kinh te' - van boa giiia mien niii vdi ddng bang Song Tuyen Quang la tinh mien niii nen it co dieu kien phat trien ndng nghiep, khdng co nhieu lua gao dd nop td thue cho trieu dinh, Mae du cif dan ndi day deu lam nghe ndng, hp diing epn de lay nudc vao rudng, ddt riing lam nUdng, moi ddt gieo hat, mua mang phong dang, mdi mau thudng dupc 20 ganh thde Viec cay ca'y ed ndi sdm ndi mudn (cac chau huyen De Dinh, Vinh Dien va Chiem Hda, hang nam c^ thang 2, thang gieo ma, thang thang ca'y va gat vao thang 8, thang Huyen Ham Yen, Chau Thu va Chau Luc Yen, hang nam cii thang 4, thang gieo ma, thang 6, thang ca'y va gat vao thang 10, thang 11) Nha ndng thiidng xem thang ed mua hay khdng, de xep dat cdng viec lam rudng Cd cau ngan Vai net ve hinh ie Hnh Tuyen Quang ngfl rang: "Ngay thang khdng miia, rudng trung dijcng bCfa, di phat rudng cao" (4) Tnldc mdt viing da't dai rdng ldn nhii Tuydn Quang, nha Nguyen tCtng budc ban hanh cae chinh sach kinh te' nham dem lai nguon thu td thue cho trieu dinh trudc het la ndng nghiep O niia d i u the' ki XIX, va'n de rudng da't - Ui lieu san xua't chinh cua nong nghiep va la nen tang kinh te chu yeu cua xa hpi dang diing triTdc hang loat kho khan thach thiie Nan kiem tinh rudng dd't cua cUdng hko dia ehu gia tang, so sach ma't mat, rudng dd't bi chie'm doat, hoac ddi rudng cdng rudng tii cang phd bid'n Nhung hien tUdng noi bat nha't la mdt didn tieh rudng da't khdng nhd nam tay eae tho ty Chd' dp cd lien quan den chii trUdng thu phuc cac tii trUdng mien nui eua eac nhk nudc quan chii Viet Nam Dudi trieu Le nhdn dan midn mii giap bidn gidi Vidt • Trung nhieu lan nd'i day ehdng lai trie'u dinh De on dinh tinh hinh, nha Le da phong ddng hp Quang cho mdi ddng ho cai quan mdt viing bien cUdng gpi la thdt tgc phiin thdn dd: Ho Ndng d Bao Lac, ho Nguydn Ddng Van, hp Hoang h Tu Long giap huydn Hoang Su Phi bp Ma b Chiem Hda, Tuydn Quang, hp Nguyin The' d Lang Can thude Na Hang, hp Dinh, Ly, Vi Bae Kan va Lang Sdn Vdi tu each la ngUdi dai dien ban, mUdng dUde trieu dinh giao eho cai quan moi cdng viec dia vUc, t i n g Idp Quang da nam quyen sd hiiu tdi cao ve rudng da't, cai quan va phan phdi rudng da't eho cac vien vCing eay ca'y, thu td thue Huyen Chiem Hda (Tuyen Quang) theo sd Ueu dia ba Gia Long (1805) rudng da't tU hitu chie'm 100% tong dien tich (Tdng dien tieh la 1.545 mau s&o thUdc ta'e) Trong 143 chu sd hOu tu dien thi ddng hp Ma cd 99 chu {chiem 69% tong sd chu sd hflu), sd hClu: 1182 mau thUdc td'c 19 (76,56%), hp Ha: 24 ehu (16,8%) chiem 212 mSu (13,78%) Hp Nguydn: 18 chii (12,5%), sd hiiu 128 m l u (8,3%), ho LUdng cd chu vdi didn tich la 11 mau va hp Khong chii, sd hflu 10 m l u (5) Trong d huyen Bao Lac cd den 248 chu sd hiiu vdi tong dien tich 1.159 mau thudc ta'c thi hp Nguyen da chie'm den 116 ehu sd hflu (46,8%) vdi dien tich la 331 mdu thudc ta'c (28,6%), hp Ndng: 59 chu sd hflu (23,8%) vdi 442 m&u thudc ta'e (88,2%), hp Dudng: 70 chii sd hflu (28,2%) vdi 374 m l u thflde ta'e (32,2%), hp Hoang cd chu, dien tich m l u (0.7%) va ho Ha chu sd hflu m l u (0,3%) (6) Dudi thdi Minh Mang, de quan ly da't nude thd'ng nha't hdn, trieu dinh da tflng bUdc xda bd ehe' thd ty, dUa quan lai cua trieu dinh len cai quan, nhUng tren thflc te' tan dfl ciia che dp vin tdn tai dd'n trUde nam 1945 De n i m dUdc dien tieh rudng dat ea nfldc, n5m 1805, Gia Long da tien hanh lap dia ba cac xa Tuyen Quang cung nhu h l u het cac dia phUdng khac sd bflu rupng da't tfl nhan (tU dien) chiem h l u he't tdng dien tich da't dai Ddi vdi da't tfl dUdc truyen lai cbo chau hoac dem mua ban, elm cd' Ne'u nha nfldc can trflng dung da't tu vao viec cdng, thi phai chie'u gia bdi thudng Gia Long nam thfl (1809) qui dinh neu chu da't cd van khe thi chie'u gia ma tra niia tien, cdn da't neu kbdng cd van khe thi trieu dinh chi tra moi m l u 50 quan ma thoi Sang thdi Minh Mang, nam 1827 mdi quy dinh lai viee bdi thudng mot each cdng bang hdn: ne'u nha nUde xam vao rudng da't tU bao nhieu thi phai chieu nguyen gia, trieh tien cong ma tra cho ehii sd hflu (7) Ngoai ra, nha nUde edn cd gang md rdng dien tich da't dai bang chii trUdng khai khan da't boang, khuyen khich nhan dan cac dia pbUdng neu rupng da't mii Rghien cihi Ljch si^ so 8.2014 rflng, sdng dam cho de'n hai ben dUdng di, riing ehan mil, ta't ca cac ndi bd hoang, khdng cfl binh linh hay dan, hd chinh, hay ho khach deu dUdc trinh xin khai khan eae rudng da't khai khIn ay CUdng hao sd tai khdng dupe ngan trd (8) Hai la ehu trUdng de cho lang xa to chflc viee khai hoang va dat le midn thue' tfl den nam ndi liie eho eae cdng dien vfla dupe khai pha (9) Van de tri thuy dupe nha nfldc quan tam, nam 1833, Bic Ky v3 de, nhflng ndi xa xdi nhu Tuyen Quang gia gao ciing tang vpt Trfldc tinh hinh tren, vua Minh Mang da truyen chi cho Tdng Dd'c, Tuin Phu, An Sat tinh chieu tap ngfldi ngheo tiing, Ilia, khoai, dau, cii mai Hat nao cd ngfldi kinh thi khuydn khich dd'c suat, ddi vdi dan thd thi khdng dUdc gd bo khe khat, de'n noi lam cho hp sd hai hoang mang (10) Dong thdi eho siia chfla, tu bd de dilu dac biet de Phfldng Dp vd, td'ng dd'c Sdn Hflng Tuyen la Le Van Dflc da huy ddng dan hat hdn 4.000 ngUdi gdp sflc lam de mdi dai hdn 120 trUdng Vua da truyen phat 2.000 quan tien de thudng cho hp (11) Nam 1840, Minh Menh cho lap so dien d Tuyen Quang, sd sach rudng da't chie'u theo sd' rudng da't xa thon la bao nhieu bien rd m l u , sao, dang ha, tie'p giap va ngfldi ea'y re, cay thue, lan lUdt khai chep minh bach lam ban giap, a't, binh, trich la'y ban giap a't phat de len bd, xet duyet, rdi dem ban at dfla ve" tinh (12) Tren cd sd sd' lieu dat dai nha Nguyin tid'n hanh thu thue' Tuyen Quang thue rudng cdng hang nha't nop thde moi mau 120 bat, hang hai 84 bat, hang ba 50 bat Rupng tu hang nhat nop thde mSi mau 40 bat, hang hai 30 bat, hang ba 20 bat Tien thap vat, rudng cdng, rupng tU mdi mlu deu tien 30 ddng, da't cdng mdi mlu tien, da't tu nha d, vUdn ao mdi m l u tien, tie'n lua canh thi da't cdng da't tU deu tien Sau dd, Gia Long (1803) quy dinh lai thue rupng da't cdng, tfl Trong dd rudng cdng hang mdt nop thoc 60 bat, hang hai 42 bat, hang ba 25 bat, rudng tfl hang nha't m5i m l u nop thoc 20 bat, hang hai 15 bat, hang ba 10 bat, tie'n thap vat, rudng cong tie'n, ruong tfl 30 ddng, tien khoan lam kho rudng cong 15 dong, rudng tU ddng; tien mao nha thi khdng cfl rudng cdng rudng tfl mdi mau 10 ddng; da't cdng mdi mau nop tie'n, tie'n Iiia 30 ddng, da't tfl mdi mau nop tien dong, tien lua 30 ddng, rupng mudi tfl mdi mau nop tien quan tien (13) Bang 1: Tong so' r u o n g da't va mflc thue ciia Tuyen Quang nfla dau the ki XIX (14) T o n g so r u o n g diit STT I II Dia d a n h Phu An Binh Huyen Ham Yen Thu Chau Vinh Tuv Luc Yen Phii Tuong An Huyen Vinh Dien Huyen Vi Xuyen Huyen De Dinh Chiiu Chiem Hoa T o n s so Mau Thudc Tac 7300 2318 1597 2861 523 8904 1082 3406 1508 2906 16204 1 10 10 3 10 T o n g so t h u e ' Nop tlioc Nop t i l n (quan) (hoc) 3956 1882 1240 597 1037 413 745 1285 393 126 4404 2282 549 277 1450 873 757 387 1646 743 8361 4164 Vilt ne> ve hinh te rinh Tuyen Quang Nam 1840 thue cae !oai rudng da't d Tuyen Quang cd sfl thay doi Rudng cdng loai 1: 80 thang/1 mlu; loai 2: 56 thang/1 mlu; loai 3: 33 thang/1 m l u Rudng tfl: loai 1; 26 thang/1 mlu; Loai 2: 20 thang/1 mau Loai 3; 13 thang/1 m l u Viec thu thue' dfldc tie'n hanh vdi nhieu bien phap Thue thde nop vu/nam theo mua lua Tuy nhien, dia hinh mien Ble phiic tap cho phdp ndp thud' ea nam vao mdt vu, nhflng ndi xa xdi dUde nop thue bing tie'n Nam 1824, Minh Mang cho phep Tuydn Quang dinh gia lfl quan 30 ddng de'n quan 1,2 tid'n hay 6, tien deu ehieu theo gia ly cho dan nop thay sd' thde Cae tran a'y chi phat lUdng bd'ng hoac thoc lfldng khong dii cung chu^n y ldi tau lua dinh giam gia eho phep dan nop b i n g tien efl mdi hpe quan tien Den nam 1831, Minh Menh ehi du thue' cua phii huydn thude ve hat nao thudc ve" kho hat a'y Cd nghia la sd' thoc thue se dfldc ehuyen vao eac kho Iflu trfl d cae tinh, trieu dinh chi quan 1;? tren sd' sach, cin chi tidu gi se sai cae tinh trieh thde kho Vua cho dat kho nhd d phii li An Ninh thu tidn, thde hai huydn De Dinh, Vinh Dien dd' d p eho bie'n binh ddn Tuyen Tinh Dflng mdt kho nhd d huyen li Vinh Xuyen thu tie'n, thde hai huyen Vi Xuyen, VTnh Tuy ca'p eho bie"n binh hai ddn An Bien, Tu Long Pham mpi viec ehi, thu de'u chuydn uy ebo cae vidn phii, huyen sd tai coi quan (15) Khdng chi tang cfldng quan ly dd't dai, quan ly nhan khau eung la mdt va'n de quan ciia trieu dinh n h i m thu thue va tuyen linh Ngay sau len ngdi, Gia Long da to chflc lai vd'n de" dang tich, lenh cfl nilm mdt lln duyet binh Bit budc mdi lang xa phai ghi vao dinh bp so dan dng lang tfl 18 tud'i trd len, 60 tudi trd xud'ng Theo quy dinh de' nam 1803, pham dan hd khdng ke ehinh hay khach, cfl 10 su5't thi chuan lay mdt mau lam cd'hang hay eung hang hoac dao hang, cdn ddi s u i t thi chia lam h^ng; trang, quan, dan Nhu cd suat thi mdi hang ngudi; sua't thi quan 2, trang va dan deu 3; suS't thi quan 3, trang va dan de"u 2, sua't thi mdi hang 3, sua't thi hang quan 1, trang va dkn deu 2; sua't thi quan 2, trang va dan deu 1; sua't thi mSi hang lay 1; sua't thi trang, dan; suat la quan Cac dpi nau, dan biet nap va biet tinh, tien than dung hang trang coi nhu hang quan, hang lao tat thi nop mdt niia NgUdi chet thi nam a'y dUdc xoa so NgUdi trdn thi ehUa ghi vao sd', thu de'n mot nam, sau mdi dupc xda Mfle thu thue' ciia t r l n ngoai ciia Ble Thanh tien, tap dich eae loai la tien va bat gao Gia Long quy dinh 18 tuoi trd len la dan dinh Hang trang la nhiing ngfldi tiJt 20 tudi trd len Minh Menh (1832) quy dinh: Hang dinh, lao, tat phai ndp tien (Cd rudng edng) va tie"n ne'u kbdng co rudng cdng Hang trang nop 1,4 quan tien (nd'u cd ruong cdng) va quan tien neu khdng cd rudng cdng Sang thdi TU Dflc quan thue' ca nam tie'n thue' than la quan tien, tien sflu tien, nhan dinh va hang trang d'm yeu la tien 30 ddng (16) De'n nam 1840, nhan dinh phai theo hang bien rd ho ten va tudi khai rd rang tfl lam ban giap, at, binh So dinh cung nam lln tieu tu va nam lln dai tu Sd dan dinh Tuyen Quang dfldi thdi Gia Long khoang 3.831 ngfldi sau dd len 4.179 ngfldi (17), dd'n thdi Tfl Dflc khoang 5.140 ngfldi dd: Phu An Binh la 2.506 ngUdi (Huyen Ham Yen 775 ngUdi, Thu Chau 819 ngUdi, Vinh Tuy 777 ngfldi, ehau Luc Yen 256 ngudi); Phu TUdng An la 2.634 ngUdi (Huyen Vinh Dien 334 ngUdi, De Dinh 467 ngUdi, Vi Xuyen 812 ngUdi, Chiem Hda 1.021) (18) Rghien cuu IJeh siilr so S.2QW 22 Trieu ifinh cdn doi dinh lai le thue' cua ngfldi Thanh, ngudi Man, ngfldi Nung (vi ngfldi Thanh, Man, Nung Id thue' tii trUdc ddn gpi la gia (nha), tao (bep) ten gpi khdng gid'ng nhau, nop b i n g bae hoae nop bing tien nhieu it khae nhau, ngUdi Thanh mdi nha ndp bac-' lang ddng can hoac ddng can, hoac ndp tidn quan: ngUdi Man cd ngfldi lam mdt bdp, cd mdt ngUdi lam mdt bep, moi bep hoae nop lang hay lang hoac nop bang tien quan hay quan: NgUdi Niing hoac mdi nha nop l^ng bac, hoac mdi ngUdi nop ddng can bae), de"u lay ngUdi tinh sua't, Ily bae thay tien Ngudi Minh Huong thude hd, khach hd mdi doi va ngUdi Man da bidn vao so hd tich tii lau khdng khac gi ngach cu Minh Hfldng thi mdi nam thu thue mdi ngUdi lang bae Duy cd ngudi Nung sd'ng ve nghe" phat rflng lam rly, day mai b i t thfldng, so vdi tho dan trfldc cd khac thi thu mdt niia thue (19) O Tuyen Quang dan ngu cU thupc hd, khach hd va ngfldi Thanh, ngUdi Nung, ngUdi Man cdng cd khoang 2.026 ngUdi Trong do; Thupc hd; 680 ngUdi; Khach hp: 267 ngfldi; NgUdi Thanh: 123 ngudi; NgUdi Nung: 117 ngfldi; NgUdi Man; 839 ngudi (20) Khai mo Tuyen Quang cd nhieu khoang san, phai ke de'n ngudn ldi ve' ddng, sat v^ vang, "Xet cac mo ddng nfldc ta, ehi cd md ddng Tu Long la td't hdn ca, ngudn tien td eua qud'c gia deu day ma ra" "Ldi ve" h i m md phan nhid'u d nhflng xfl Tuyen, Hung, Thai, Lang; Vang, bac, ddng, thiec, that la vd cung Chi dung 'nfldc sd di dupe day du la thue' eiia cae md khdng thieu" (21) Tuyen Quang ed rat nhieu trudng md, cdng viec eae trfldng md ed khac nhau, cd chd trUde khai khan lai bo hoang, ed chd trUdc bd hoang lai khai khan, khdng n h l t dinh Cae trUcfng bien vao ngach thue ed md bac, md ddng d Tu Long, Na Ngp (Vi Xuyen), md chi d Tiing Bach thupc chau Bao Lac Chau Vi Xuydn ed md vang Binh Di va Linh Ho, md bac b Sinh Khi, md vang cl Tien Cau, md bac Long Sinh, Thuy Ddng va Minh Tien d Tu Long, md ddng d Ban Gia, md vang Chdn Sa d An Long, md vang d PhUdng Dp va Binh Hanh, md bac d Hoa Lam, Man Long va Du Gia; chau Dai Man cd md vang d Binh Ca va Cdn Ldn, md bac d Dai Man, md diem tieu xa ThUdng Ndng, Ydn Bien, Chung Khanh, ThUdng Lam, Cat Linh, O Kim, Vmh Ninh va Kim TUdng, ehau Bao Lac cd mo bac b Dudng Am va Lac Tho, md diem tidu d Phii Yen, md lUu hoang d Lac Ndng (22) Viee khai thac mo cd the thUdng nhSn Trung Qud'c linh trung: Nam 1803, cac nha buon ngudi Thanh la Dam Ki Tran va Vi Chuyen Ba linh khai md bac cf Tuygn Quang, mdi nam nop 80 lang bac (23) Hoae cac tu trudng trfle tid'p khai thac va cong nhan la nhflng ngudi thieu so' Sii cU khdng chep de'n vide ngUdi mien xudi len lam mo ma chi ghi de'n ngUdi Khach hay ngflcii Nung Hoa Vi TrUdng hdp edng nhan la ngUdi thieu so' lam vide nhu ehe' dd lao dich cUSng bflc theo kidu cdng nd vi d mien niii, uy tin cua tho tu r i t ldn (24) Cae thd' tu true tid'p linh trUng ciia trie'u dinh cac mo fi dia phfldng va h i n g nam ndp thue Rieng nhflng thd tu nad khdng dii vd'n de san xua't, nha nfldc cd the cho vay trUdc, sau hoan lai bang khoan pham tinh theo gia quy dinh Nam 1802, cac tho mue Ma Doan Die'n, Hoang Phong But, Cim Nhan Nguyen dUde giao viec khai cac mo vang, md kem va md ddng d tinh TuySn Quang va Hflng Hoa Trong sd md th^ tii linh trflng, ddi ed nhflng trfldng md ldn dung nhie'u nhan cdng; vi du md ddng TV Long (chau Vi Xuyen, tinh Tuydn Quang), Vai n&t ve hinh ie ifah Tuyen Quang dfldi trieu Gia Long phai tra thue la 40 lang bac va 13.000 can ddng; Minh Mang nam thfl 10 (1829) tang sd thue ly ldn 80 l^ng bac cdn thud' ddng v i n gifl nhfl cu De khai thac cac md ma hp linh trung, cac tho tfl dia phUdng thudng trUng tap ndng dan di lam cd thdi han P h i n ddng thd md la dan thieu sd, nha't la ngUdi Nung Hoa Vy va mdt sdngUdi Hoa kieu (25) Viee thud mUdn ngUdi Thanh dUdc quy dinh cu the ve" che' dp tien cdng, moi la tien 20 ddng, ca thang mdi ngfldi quan, dinh 15 hdm lam mdt ki, mdi ngfldi kiem dfldc vang vun tfl tien phan trd len den tie'n phan Nd'u khdng du tien thi lln sau phai cho bu, nd'u dfldc tfl tien trd len thudng bac tie'n, tien trd len thudng bac tidn, tien trd ldn thudng bac lang, hoac tien trd len thudng bac lang, lang trd len dfldc thfldng bac lang Bie'n binh va linh dan sd tai di khai mo cung Ily ntta thang lam ki han, m6i ngudi tim dupe vang tfl tid'n phan trd len eiing ehieu Id nhfl mfldn ngudi Thanh, cat tien eho quan, tien (co lUdng cung dem tien lUdng ddn vao bdt di mdt phin cho du so' da'y), dupe tie"n trd len cung eho chieu lln thudng trfldc d p cho bae lang Nam 1833, nhiing ngUdi lao cdng dao kie'm md vang Tien Kie'u d Tuydn Quang, tdng cdng nhan cdng la 3.122 cdng, mdi ca'p tien edng tie"n 20 dong, cdng them 303 quan tie'n kie'm dUpe vang vun la 11 lang tie'n, phSn Sau dd tiep tuc dao kie'm trfl linh cd da cd lfldng thang cdn thue mUdn dan dai vang, cdng 840 edng, tien 196 quan ma kie'm dupc vang vun lang tie'n phan (26) Minh Menh nkm thfl 17 (1836), cii Lang trung bd Hd la Mai Viet Trang va quan tinh Tuyen Quang phai them binh linh chieu md thue mUdn dan thd' va ngUdi Thanh tong tren 100 ngUdi mdi ca'p cho tid'n de td hau dai Mai Viet Trang 23 dflng quan ddc ciing vdi nhQng nhan vien eua tinh la: Nguyen Dang Tuyen, Nguyin Vidt Hpe, Hoang Dinh Chuc chia di tim kie'm md So' lupng nhan cdng cung nhfl vide tra tie'n thue mfldn nhan edng cung dfldc tang len qua cae nam de khuye'n khich boat ddng khai md Nam 1839, md vang Tien Kieu (Tuyen Quang) md them 22 ngudi dai vang, giam bdt dan phu ngfldi cpng 70 ngfldi chia lam dpi, mdi dpi ngfldi dai vang, dan phu, ngudi dai vang mdi thang cap tien cdng quan, dan phu mdi ngUdi thang cap tie"n cdng quan tien, thang thieu chidt di mot phin, ngfldi dai vang mdi thang trfl tien phan den tie"n, dan phu mdi ngfldi mdi thang tfl tien phan de'n tien phan, yeu cau moi dpi mdi thang phai tim vang tfl lang tien va lang, dpi nao khdng dii lang tie'n, eho thang sau den bii vao, dpi nao vfldt mflc tfl tien trd len thfldng bac lang, chieu lay ma cho them, lang vang trd len, thfldng bae 10 lang, lang vang trd len thudng bac 16 lang (27) Trieu dinh nha Nguydn cung co nhflng che' dp danh rieng cho quan lai tham gia khai thac cac md d Tuyen Quang Chinh saeh the hien d hai diem, mpt la thfldng tien de khuye'n khieh quan lai lam viec, gifl gin liem khiet nhfl thfldng cho thd tri chau la Ma Trpng Dai tie'n 20 quan, chanh dpi trfldng la Chu Dang Khang va vi nhap lUu thU lai Nguyen Huy Xudng tien 10 quan cung vdi linh 20 ngudi deu tien 30 quan (28) NgUpc lai ne'u nhfl quan lai nao lam khong td't thi co the se bi each chflc hoac bat bdi thfldng cho nha nudc Vi du nam 1827, mo ddng Tu Long thieu thue ddng hdn 2869 can, Minh Menh da each chflc Tuyen uy sfl Nguyen The Nga va dpi trfldng Hoang Kim Dinh, quan gifl tran phat lfldng bdng nam, quan gifl phat lfldng bdng thang, quan hp tao bi phat lfldng bong thang (29) Rghien cvtu hich sit, so 8.2014 Thang 8-1831, Minh Menh cho r i n g md vang d Tuydn Quang: Tien Kieu, Niem Sdn (Mau Due); Baeh Ngpc, Ngpc Lien (Quan Quang) va Linh Ho (HUdng Cai dao vidn), mdi nam nop thud' vang tfl lang den lang, khdng dUdc la bao nhieu nen mdi md phai ban cho nha nude 50 lang nfla, nha nUde se tra tien eho (mdi lang vang la 12 lang bac hoac 50 quan tien) nhiing cac ehu md khdng b i n g long, vua lenh phong tda het cac md lai, khdng eho khai nfla Sau dd lai du rang "Vang la ngudn bau dfldi dat, ra't cd quan hd de'n thue' khda cua nha nfldc, phai nhan mdi lpi ma lam ldi, nen bd day? Vay Idnh cho quan dia phfldng md "them nhflng phu quen nghe' lam mo rdi phai ngfldi de'n ma khai; hay la lap hd lam vang, chSm chflde ngach thud' dd' qud'c dung dfldc tang them va tai nguyen dUdc ddi dao" Ddng thdi, ehuin dinh le thue cac md sat va cac hd biet nap thue sat d cac dia phUdng cho phep eac md trfldc nop s i t sd'ng, dd'i dat nop s i t chin, dfldc cham chflde thu giam phan sd' di O Tuyen Bang 2: Thd'ng ke le thue cac mo dr Quang, md Binh Di mdi nam nop 600 can sat sdng, doi nop 480 can sat chin Thang 5-1832, trieu cEnh thu thud' khai mo vang, md Niem Sdn va Quan Quang thude Tuyen Quang moi nam nop thue' vang lang va dUa nop vang cam 50 lang (30) Sau do, nam 1839 vua Minh Menh lenh cho bit cfl ngudi nao cd vd'n, dflpe td'ng Ii sd tai bao lanh deu cd the linh trung cac md vang, mo bac d Bic ki dong thdi tang thue mo bac, mo ddng Tu long d Tuydn Quang, thue' bac 20 lang tang them 30 lang Md vang fl Niem Sdn, Quan Quang thue' vang lang; md vang Bach Ngpc, Ngpc Lidn thue vang lang; md vang d Linh Ho thue' vang lang Md vang Lang Cai, Dao Vien, Mau Due, Lan Can sd vin d i p lap, dan sd tai canh phdng nghidm ngat (31) Sat va vang la hai loai cd sd' lUdng mo rat ldn, quan he chat che de'n thue khda "lam ldi cho nha nUdc de qud'c dung dfldc tang them", ngoai ra, bac Ngan Sdn, dong Tu Long, diem tieu Hflu Vinh la moi ldi khdng nhd lam dly cai nieu edm eiia nha Tuyen Quang niia dau the" ky XDC (32) ^;;;;;r—t!!?^f!i Cial^ng Minh Menh Thi™ Tri TuDOic land lanp lan)> tung l,ins Vanu Tien Kieu Milu Due Niem Son, Quun Quanp Bdch Ngoc Ngoc Lieu Dong cita lung 10 lang lung lOiung Dona ciia 10 lang lung Buc Pons Lung Cai Duo Vicn Linh H6 Lung Can HudnsMinh Num Dang Tu Long lang '»lang lang Dong cita 30 lung Dong ciru lanu Dong cira Dong cull 30 lang Dong tuu Diing CLTU Dong L lid Dong tliu Diing CUu Dong CLTU Dong tuu Dong cua Done CUa Diing cira Diing cita Diing t i l j 0(ing ciru Dong cUii Diing ciru Dong Lira Lo,lm6 Sai Ditm liuu Lini huf nh Chusa Blnh Di Binh D I i'liii Linh Nam Cdo Xom Xa ViKhe Hihi VTnh Tlwrons Vi An Phu DUI Mien l.mg lung i lung 20 Ling Bac 40 lang ilong 1.1.000 can 600 can iJonp 600 clii 400 c.iii 100 cun IOO CUI IOO uln 50 lung 10 lang lang Dong ciid lang Dong eua Dong ti/u 30 lung 80 lung bac 101)0 can d6ng 480 can 400 ton lOOc'in 200 cun 200 cin D[...]... Binh Kinh d dia phan xa Phu Linh huyen Vi Xuyen, he ngfldi budn nU6c Thanh qua dd budn ban danh thue ca nam phai nop them thue' ddng dd 1.000 can bSt d i u tfl mdng 1 thang 10 eflng vdi thue'dong d ciia ehinh Binh Kinh 7.000 can edng lai U 8.000 can (43) Tuy nhien vide giao lflu budn ban cflng gap nhie'u khd khftn dac biet khi cac cudc khdi nghia bung no thi boat ddng Vai net v& kinh te rinh Tuyen Quang. .. lflc d dia phfldng Diem khac vdi mid'n xudi la d nguon lpi ve td thue' rupng da't 6 Tuyen Quang khdng dang ke, tham chi khi giap hat trieu dinh nha Nguydn cdn phai md kho thde dU trfl d tinh thanh de eflu ddi cho cfl dan Thit ba, Tuyen Quang la ndi tap trung nhieu tai nguyen lam san, khoang san, cac chinh saeh kinh te' dfldc cae nha nfldc quan chu thflc hien chii yeu d day la eo'ng nap cac san vAt,... bae, vang, lflu huynh d Tuyen Quang dupc nha nUde Idem soat chat che va tie'n hanh thu thue' khoang san mdt each triet de nhat Chinh sach khai md cua nha Nguydn da giup ngUdi dan tflng budc tiep thu phUdng thflc tid'n bd hdn, phat huy the' manh cua dia phfldng, thuc day sfl ra ddi cua mdt sd'nganh nghe mdi Tuy nhien, eac chinh sach kinh te ciia nha Nguydn thflc hien d Tuyen Quang chii yeu nham khai thac... dd la 1.000 can eho du sd 7.000 can Nam 1841, Minh Menh eho cae ciia ciia Tam Ky, chi sd Phu Hien nop thue la 29.900 quan Nam TU Dflc thfl n h l t quy dinh cac chi sd ciia quan Dai Van, Binh Kinh, Ble Tut d Tuyen Quang ve thue' ddng in le la 17.000 can (39) Sau dd lai cho eiia Tam Ki thud'bae nop 1.035 lang, tid'n 6.180 quan, eiia Ble T^ nop 2.000 can ddng do, ciia chinh Binh Kenh nop 7.000 can ddng... td thue - ngudn thu nhap chii yeu ciia ngan khd qud'e gia, die'u do giai thich tai sao viec quan ly td thue' 6 Tuyen Quang tfl Gia Long d^n Minh Menh, Thieu Tri, Tfl Dflc ngay cang chat che nhfl vdy Thd; hai, eung nhu cac dia phUdng khae trong ea nude vao niia diu thd' ki XIX, Tuyen Quang cd ti Id rupng da't cong rat it bao trflm len la chd' dp sd hflu tfl nhan ve" rudng da't dae biet la vide tap trung... thflc hien d Tuyen Quang chii yeu nham khai thac la chinh chfl chua nhim phat trien kinh te Nhieu md sit, thiee, vang, bac bi ddng ciia hoae bi bd hoang do tai nguyen can kiet hoac khai thac khdng hieu qua Trong khi dd, cac ehu md phai nop mflc thue' eao la nguyen nhan da dan de'n sfl sa sut cua hoat ddng khai md d Tuyen Quang Dac bidt tfl chinh sach trpng ndng flc thfldng ciia trie'u dinh ma viec giae... (TTLTQG) I HN, KH Q8120, Q8116, Q8117, Q8109, Q7936, Q8108, Q8118, Q8110, Q8119, Q8112, Q8122, Q8115, Q7938 (7) Nguyin The Anh, Kinh te vd xa hoi Viet Nam dudi triiu Nguyen, Nxb Van hoc, Ha Npi, (36) QSQTN, Dai Nam nhat thd'ng chi, tap IV, sdd, tr 415 (35) Nguyin The Anh, Kinh tevd Nam dudi triiu NguySn, xd hdi Viet Nxb Van hoc Ha Noi, 2008, tr 182-183 2008, tr 81-82 (8) QSQTN, Khdm Binh (31) QSQTN,... tinh trang thie'u lfldng thflc, du cd tien bae eung khdng dong gao d dau dUde, hdn nijta viee van chuyen dudng bd trong tinh het sflc khd khan do dia hinh nui khe hiem trd 3 N h a n xet Thit nha't, Tuydn Quang, la "phen dau thfl ba phia Tay" eua da't nfldc, vdi vi tri chie'n Ifldc quan trpng nha Nguydn da dd' ra dupe mdt sd chinh sach, bien phap tich cflc Trong dd, quan ly rudng dat kha ehat che bing viee... tie'n, hang kem gpi la "ta nam", tri gia 5 quan Do mudi cdng dit, lai cd chat ding, nen ngfldi phfldng Ble dem thud'e Bac tfl ai Binh Di sang de ddi lay mudi, rdi dem len ve d§ ban rieng Vai lua ban d Kinh, d tran, dan thfldng mac vai nhupm nau Ngfla, mua d phu Khai Hda Trung Qud'e, eon nao td't tri gia bae 7 - 8 dat, con nao kem tri gia 2 - 3 dat, ed con ldn b i n g thdt voi cai, tri gia de'n 40 dat... bat binh vdi chinh saeh ciia nha Nguyen, Nong Van Van da keu gpi nhan dan ndi day Sfl kien bat phai vien quan tinh, thich vao mat ma'y chfl 'Tinh quan thien hdi" rdi duoi ve, khong cho lam vide d Tuyen Quang chinh la the hien thai dp ciia nhan dan doi vdi quan lai tham nhung ciia trieu dinh Rghien cflu Ijeh sii' sg 8.201^' CHU THICH (1) Quoc sfl quan trieu Nguyin (QSQTN), Bai (12), (13), (26), (27),