XÂY DỰNG CHÍNH QUYỀN CÁCH MẠNG TRONG THỜI CHỐNG PHÁP

V A I N E T V E C O N G T A C X A Y D U f t G C H I N H C A C H M A N G ISLAM B O C H O N G P H A P T R O N G K H A N G QJJTEN C H H % (1945-195*) NGUYEN NGOC DUNG* Sii thiet lap chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bo Khi The chien I I di vao hoi ket thiic, d Dong Diidng, Nhat da hat cang Phap de doc chiem xd nham chuan bi cho giai doan hau chien Trong giai doan nay, ca hai ke thu Nhat Phap deu da suy yeu tiidng doi Dang ta lien nam thdi cd phat dong khdi nghia tdng phan Chi thi "NhatPhap ban va hanh dong cua chung ta" 12-3-1945 cua Thiidng vu Trung lidng Dang da khdi dau nhiing cuoc ndi day khdi nghia cua nhieu dia phiidng d Bac Bo Ket qua la mot so' dia phiidng da thiet lap diidc chinh quyen dan chu nhan dan; t i i hinh khu giai phong d Viet Bac do, Mat tran Viet Minh da dam diidng nhiem vu cua mot chinh quyen each mang Khi cudc tdng khdi nghia nd ra, cac dja phiidng cdn lai d Bac Bo va Trung Bo da thda hiidng "tinh than va liic liidng"' td cac cuoc khdi nghia tdng phan d giai doan triidc, dac biet co sii chi dao triic tiep cua trung lidng Dang Trong do, tinh hinh each mang d Nam Bo cdn gap rat nhieu kho khan Sau cudc khdi nghia Nam Ky (thang 11-1940), * TS Dai hoc Quo'c gia Tp Ho Chi Minh liic hieing each mang tai cho bi ton that rat ldn, them vao dd la sii chia tach liic liidng td chdc Tien phong va Giai phdng Trong Dang bo Nam Bd cd bd phan thuoc Xd uy Tien phong, cd bd phan thudc Xd uy Giai phdng, cd bo phan doc lap khdng thuoc he thd'ng nao (1) So'can bd chu chdt cua Xd uy Giai phdng phan ldn xuat than td tang Idp ndng dan, cd nhieu kinh nghiem hoat ddng d vung ndng thdn, sd' lanh dao chu chdt cua td chdc Tien phong phan ddng xua't than td tang Idp t r i thdc, tieu t i i san cd kinh nghiem da'u tranh cdng khai, ban cdng khai d dd thi Tat ca ho deu la nhdng ngiidi cdng san trung kien cua phong trao each mang d Nam Bd Tuy nhien sau sii kien Nhat dao chinh Phap mdng thang 3, ca hai Xd uy Tien phong va Giai phdng deu khan triidng chuan bi liic liidng gianh chinh quyen Xd uy Tien phong nhan thay "thdi cd khdi nghia sap deh'' va can phai tap hdp mot dao quan chinh t r i "phat ddng phong trao da'u tranh ndi day d Sai Gdn va khap mien Nam, cho kip vdi Cach mang d Bac, Trung chd nha't quye't khdng diidc tre" (2) Dao quan chinh t r i d day - theo muc tieu cua Xd 18 uy Tien phong la liic liidng quin chiing dong den hang chuc van hoae hang trieu ngudi, bao gom giai cap cong nhan, nong dan, thd thu cong, vien chdc co tinh than chien dau cao Sai Gon diidc coi la trung tam cuoc khoi nghia gianh chinh quyen, td phong trao each mang lan toa khap cac tinh Nam Bo To chdc Thanh nien Tien phong la l\ic liidng chinh t r i dong dao sdm diidc hinh Khi quyen Tong triidng Thanh nien - The thao Dong Diidng cua Nhat - Ida mdi bac sy Pham Ngoc Thach va mot nhom t r i thdc ddng lap mot to chdc nien d Sai Gon va Nam Bo ldi dung y mudn xay diing mot liic hieing h i u tay sai than Nhat cua Ida Xd uy Tien phong da ban bac vdi nhom t r i thdc tren nhanh chdng cong khai tap hdp liic liidng nien, bien dao quan chinh t r i diidi sii lanh dao cua Dang Cong san Nhd the, to chdc Thanh nien Tien phong mdi ddi vao 1-6-1945, dudi sii lanh dao cua mot Hoi ddng Quan t r i ddng dau la Kha Van Can - Chu tich, Huynh Kim Hdu - Phd Chu tich, Pham Ngoc Thach - Thii ky va mot so' uy vien khac (3) He thong td chdc cua Thanh nien Tien phong td cap Nam Bo (trung lidng) tdi cac tinh thanh, quan huyen, xa, cd quan, xi nghiep, triidng hoc, ve cd ban, deu diidc de cd sap xep theo chi dao cua cac cap uy Dang; ngoai trd mot sd' triidng hdp ke cd hoi chinh t r i hoae noi gian cua Nhat cai dat vao lam thu linh cap tinh hay quan Ldc bay gid, phong trao cong nhan, t r i thdc d Sai Gdn phat trien kha manh Cudi thang 3-1945, Tong cdng doan Nam Bd td chdc hdi nghi dai bieu Ha Huy Giap chu tri bau Ban chap hanh mdi; ddng thdi xay ddng chiidng trinh hanh ddng ddn thdi cd khdi nghia Thang 6-1945, sau Rghien cuu Lich sir, so' 3.2Q11 Thanh nien Tien Phong ddi, Xd uy Tien Phong va Thanh uy Sai Gdn quyet dinh sap nhap cac td chdc tren diidi ten goi "Thanh nien Tien Phong Ban Xi nghiep, (TNTPBXN)" va lap cac nghiep doan cd sd nhu" Nghiep doan thd da, Nghiep doan cdng nhan cd khi, Nghiep doan hang hai Trong vdng ba thang sau dd, nhieu tru sd cua TNTP-BXN da xuat hien cdng khai nhieu ndi tai Sai Gdn - Chd Ldn Trong liic liidng chinh t r i cua Dang d Nam Bd, ben canh phan nien, cdng nhan, t r i thdc cdn phai ke den ddi ngu ddng dao giai cap ndng dan tham gia cac td chdc Viet Minh d dia phiidng Hau het cac cd sd Dang d ndng thdn da diidc phuc hdi va phat trien manh trd lai ke td Khdi nghia Nam Ky Cdng tac binh v i n diidc ca Xd uy Tien phong va Giai phdng khan triidng xuc tien Dd'i tiidng binh van la cac sac linh bao an, canh sat ngiidi Viet quin ddi Phip va Nhat Theo sd gia Tran Van Giau "Chua bao gid d Sdi Gon, d Nam Bd cd mdt lUc Itfqng cdng nhdn, ndng ddn va lUc luqng nien cdch mang ldn manh nhu vdy Dang Cong sdn thUc sU trd thdnh lUc luqng cd to chdc manh hon cdc dang phdi khdc cdng lqi" (4) Trong q u i trinh chuin bi liic liidng giai doan tien khdi nghia, hai Xd uy Tien phong va Giai phdng d cac ci'p td dau nao den cd sd deu cd sii doan ket, hdp tie Tuy nhien, tinh hinh tdn tai song song hai he thd'ng da giy nhdng khd khan nhi't dinh cho cich mang Nam Bd Xd uy Tien phong va Xd uy Giai phdng da mi'y lan gap gd de' ban viec thd'ng nhi't td chdc va hoat ddng nhiing khdng dat ke't qua Thing 7-1945, Ban thiidng vu Trung lidng Dang cd Bui Lam vao truyen dat y kien cua Trung lidng nham thd'ng nhi't Dang bd Nam Ky Do khdng lap diidc mot Xd uy thd'ng nhi't, Bui Vai net ve cong tac xay dung 19 Lam de nghi lap "Ban hanh dong thong nhat" ong lam triidng ban, mdi Xd uy cd hai dai dien tham gia nham phdi hdp hanh ddng chuan bi tien hanh khdi nghia thdi cd den (5) gian Thvidng vu Xd uy Tien phong hop tai chd Dem, cac tinh khap Nam bd deu khan triidng lap "Uy ban khdi nghia" cac cap va xuc tien cdng tac tdng khdi nghia gianh chinh quyen Sau Nhat dau hang Ddng Minh (138-1945), mac du khong nhan diidc chi thi td Trung lidng, 15-8-1945 Xd uy Tien phong van chu dong lap "Uy ban khdi nghia'' Dem 16 - rang sang 17-8-1945, Xd uy Tien phong bat dau hop "Hoi nghi md rong'' tai chd Dem de ban ve tdng khdi nghia Trong hoi nghi co nhdng y kien dan ve tinh hinh the gidi, tinh hinh midc, so sanh liic liidng ta - dich, bai hoc ve khdi nghia Nam Ky; td Xd uy can nhac cd dung hinh thdc tong khdi nghia hay khong, hoae xac dinh thdi diem tdng khdi nghia toan Nam Bo nao Sang 208-1945 Xd uy Tien phong mdi nhan diidc tin khdi nghia cong d Ha Noi Sang horn sau, Xd uy trieu tap Hoi nghi chd Dem lan hai, than chon Tan An lam ndi khdi nghia thi diem, de phdng sii can thiep cua quan Nhat dan ap phong trao each mang; neu Tan An cong se tien hanh khdi nghia d Sai Gdn va cac tinh Vao hdi 18 gid 24-8-1945, Uy ban khdi nghia Nam Bd phat lenh khdi nghia theo ke hoach thd'ng nha't triidc dd Den nda dem 24-8, hang tram ngan quan chung vu trang bang giao mac, gay gdc td ngoai d cac vung Ba Diem, Hoc Mdn, Binh Ddng, Binh Chanh, chd Dem ; td cac tinh lan can da tien vao trung tam Sai Gdn, giiidng cao cd bua liem, hd vang khau hieu ung ho Viet Minh Triia 25-8-1945, Uy ban hanh chanh Nam Bd lam thdi diidc lap gdm uy vien ddng chi Tran Van Giau lam Chu tich (6) Theo ke hoach, cuoc khdi nghia d Tan An nd dem 22-8 d thi xa, sau xuong cac dia phiidng Nhiing tinh the diln bien cho thay liic liidng than Nhat co the td chdc ciidp chinh quyen triidc Uy ban khdi nghia Tan An quye't dinh tay td chdc khdi nghia budi chieu 22-8 Triidc sdc manh ap dao cua quan chung, quan Nhat va bon tay sai than Nhat khong dam chong cii, chinh quyen each mang tinh Tan An diidc lap Sau cuoc khdi nghia Tan An cong, Xd uy Tien phong da trieu tap Hoi nghi chd Dem lan thd ba vao sang 23-8 quye't dinh thdi diem khdi nghia d Sai Gdn Trong thdi Ddng thdi, cac dia phiidng khac cung phat ddng quan chung nha't te ndi day gianh chinh quyen ve tay each mang Chi may td 25 - 28/8/1945, hai miidi tinh Nam Bd da thiet lap diidc chinh quyen each mang Ha Tien la dia phiidng gianh diidc chinh quyen sau cung (7) Mac du nhdng dd, bon cam dau than Nhat giao phai Cao Dai da tap hdp hang van tin chd'ng lai quin chung each mang; nhdm Qudc Dan dang ngiidi Hoa da chi phdi diidc van phan td qua khich (8) Dd la chiia ke mot sd' liic liidng chinh t r i cd hdi khac nhii Cao Dai, Hoa Hao, Binh Xuyen da lam phdc tap them qua trinh thiet lap chinh quyen each mang cac cap cd sd Nhu vay d Nam Bd, mac du cao trao khang Nhat cdu midc dien mudn hdn so vdi ca midc (td thang 6-1945) de sau dd biidc vao giai doan tdng khdi nghia gianh chinh quyen; song, nhd cdng tac cung cd' va phat trien kip thdi cac cd sd Dang, mat tran Viet Minh, cac doan the each 20 mang, dac biet la cong tac xay ddng liic liidng Thanh nien Tien phong, cuoc tdng khdi nghia d Nam Bo da cong tron ven Cong tac xay diing chinh quyen each mang a Nam Bo thed k y t i i thang 9/1945 -1947 Ngay 2-9-1945, Hd Chu tich da doc ban 'Tuyen ngdn doc lap", khai sinh midc Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa, nha midc cong nong dau tien d Dong Nam A (3 mien Bac va mien Trung, chinh quyen dan chu nhan dan da diidc thiet lap kha nhanh chong Nhiing d Nam Bo, dieu kien xay diing chinh quyen each mang luc bay gid rat kho khan, phdc tap Bdi vi Nam Bo la muc tieu tai chiem dau tien cua thiic dan Phap, tao ban dap sau tai chiem toan bo Dong Dvidng Leclerc t i i lenh liic hieing vien chinh Phap d Dong Dvidng da len ke hoach binh dinh Nam Bo vdng 18 thang V i the, chinh quyen each mang d day chiia tron mot thang tudi da phai ddi mat vdi mot ke thu bao va nham hiem Ngay 23-9-1945, toan Nam Bo ddng len khang chien chdng lai cuoc xam liidc cua dpi quan vien chinh Phap Ttf dng quan liic liidng qua chenh lech gida mot ben chu yeu la gay tam vong, giao mac; ben la dpi quan tinh nhue, vu hien dai cung vdi sii giup dd cua 20 ngan quan Anh va sii hien dien cua 40 ngan quan Nhat De hieu diidc cong tac xay diing chinh quyen each mang Nam Bp giai doan thi phai bat dau td cong tac xay diing Dang - Cong tdc xdy citing Bdng Nhii mot quy luat, cong tac xay diing chinh quyen each mang bat budc phai xuat phat td cong tac xay diing Dang Sau chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bp diidc thiet lap, cudi thang 8-1945, Trung lidng Dang phai hai can bp cao cap la Hoang Qudc Viet va Cao Hdng Rghien cuu Lich sii so' 3.2011 Lanh vao giup Xd uy va Uy ban Hanh chanh Lam thdi Nam bp kien toan cong tac td chdc Tdi 7-9-1945 tai t r u sd Tong Cong doan Nam Bp (sd 72, diidng La Grandiere), hai can bp tren da thay mat Trung lidng Dang chu t r i met hdi nghi gdm cd dai bieu cac doan the cua Xd uy Tien phong va Xd uy Giai phdng tham dd- Sau nam gid thao luan, cac dai bieu quye't dinh dep bd nhdng hieu lam, nghi ky, thd'ng nha't cac doan the cua hai Xd uy "Uy ban Viet Minh Nam Bp" Tuy nhien, day chi la biidc dau khac phuc tinh trang phan biet gida hai Xd uy Khi Nam Bp biidc vao cudc khang chien (23-9-1945), van de cham ddt tinh trang tdn tai hai Xd uy phong trao each mang Nam Bp dat cap thiet hdn bao gid het Ngay 15-10-1945, cac can bp chu chdt cua hai Xd uy cung mdt so' dang vien mdi td Cdn Dao trd ve da hop tai cau Vy (My Tho), nha't t r i cd "Xd uy Lam thdi" 11 uy vien, gdm: Tdn Ddc Thang (Bi thii Xd uy), Le Duan, Pham Hung, Ung Van Khiem, Ha Huy Giap, Tran Ngoc Danh, Le Van Sy, Nguyen Van Nguyen, Nguyen Van Kinh, Hoang Dii Khiidng, Nguyln Thi Thap Mtfdi sau, 25-10-1945, Xd uy Lam thdi trieu tap hpi nghi md rdng tai Thien Hp (My Tho), cd sii tham dii cua Hoang Qudc Viet, uy vien thiidng vu Trung Udng Trong hdi nghi nay, theo de nghi cua ddng chi Tdn Ddc Thang, hdi nghi cd ddng chi Le Duan lam Bi thii Xd uy Lam thdi, cd ddng chi Tdn Ddc Thdng lam Chu tich Uy ban Khang chien Nam Bp thay ddng chi Tran Van Giau nhan cdng tac tai Trung lidng Td sau Hiep dinh sd bp (6-3-1946), cdng tac kien toan td chdc Dang d Sai Gdn, Gia Dinh va cac dia phiidng khac tiep tuc diln Tai Sai Gdn, thang 5-1946, ddng chi Nguyln Van Cdc (Miidi Cdc Nguyln Van Vai net ve cong tac xay dyng Linh) xu uy vien, da chu t r i hoi nghi dai dien hai td chdc la Thanh bo Viet Minh Sai Gdn va Uy ban Viet Minh Chef Ldn de lap 'Thanh uy Lam thdi" Trinh Dinh Trong lam Bi thii; den cudi nam 1946, Thanh uy Lam thdi diidc bd sung mot so' vien mdi (9) Tai tinh Gia Dinh, hai tinh uy Tien phong va Giai phong da to chdc hoi nghi hiep nha't vao thang 10-1946 tai Tan Thdi hiep (Go Vap), diidi sii chu t r i cua Le Minh Dinh dai dien khu uy khu Bay; bau 'Tinh uy Thd'ng nha't Lam thdi" gdm 11 vien ddng dau la Tran Van Thdi (Bi thii), sau thay bang Pham Van Chieu Cdn d cac tinh khac cua Nam Bo, hoi nghi cap uy md rong, hoae hoi nghi dang vien co hoae khong co dai chen Xd uy, Lien tinh uy chu tri lan liidt cd Tinh uy; Tinh uy cd Uy ban nhan dan tinh va Uy ban Viet minh tinh Td cac tinh gap rut to chdc xay diing he thong dang chinh quyen mat tran - doan the xudng cd sd Sau hoi nghi cua cac tinh uy, lien tinh uy, khu uy, vao thang 11-1946, Hoi nghi Xd uy md rong da diidc trieu tap tai chien khu Ddng Thap Mudi Hoi nghi thao luan va nghi quye't cung cd", bd sung Xd uy Lam thdi mdi Nam Bo, gdm cac ddng chi Pham Hung (Bi thii), Ha Huy Giap, Ung Van Khiem, Nguyen Van Cue, Tran Van Tra, Nguyln Ddc Thuan, Phan Trong Tue, Nguyen Van Kinh (thiidng triic Xd uy), Hoang Du Khiidng, Nguyen Van Tiep Hoi nghi cung nghi quyet cung c6 cac Lien tinh uy mien Dong, mien Trung va mien Tay Nam Bo Nguyln Ddc Thuan diidc chi dinh lam Bi thii Lien tinh uy mien Dong; Nguyln Van Cdc diidc phan cong phu trach Sai Gdn - Gia Dinh Hoi nghi Xd uy thang 11-1946 co tam quan dac biet, vi da tang ciidng tinh 21 thong nhat Dang td cap Nam Bo (Xd) den cac cap cd sd ben diidi; la ket qua cua mot qua trinh da'u tranh kha cam go phdc tap noi bo Dang de dat toi sii thd'ng nha't chi dao each mang d Nam Bo Cong tdc xdy dtfng chinh quyen Sii kien toan cac cap uy Dang luon gan lien vdi viec sap xep nhan sii cac cap chinh quyen each mang Nam Bp Do nhdng dieu kien lich sd dac biet, he thong chinh quyen each mang Nam Bp da ddi tren cd sd lien minh giai cap va cac liic liidng chinh tri khac nhau; nha't la cap chinh quyen td tinh trd xudng den cd sd Ngay 10-9-1945, Uy ban Hanh chanh Lam thdi Nam Bo da diidc c i i td "Uy ban Nhan dan Nam Bo" gdm 13 vien Luat su Tien si Pham Van Bach lam Chu tich, Bi thu Xd uy Tran Van Giau lam Pho Chu tich kiem Uy triidng quan sii Ben canh Uy ban Nhan dan Nam Bo cdn co ban co' van gom 50 nhan si t r i thdc bac si Nguyen Van Hiidng lam triidng ban (10) 1 Ngay 25-11-1945 Trung lidng Ding chi thi "Khang chien, kien qudc", neu ro nhiem vu cua Nam Bo la phong toa kinh te, chinh t r i nhdng ph6' da lot vao tay dich, ket hdp tien cong quan sii vdi chien tranh du kich mot each triet de Thiic hien chu triidng tren, Nam Bp diidc chia khu: khu Bay, khu Tam va khu Chin Chien khu Bay gdm Sai Gdn Chd ldn va cac tinh mien Ddng Nam Bp, co can cd dia Lac An (Tan Uyen, Bien Hoa), Nguyen Binh lam khu Bp triidng, Diidng Van Diidng lam khu bp - Chien khu Tdm gdm tinh mien Trung Nam Bp (Tan An, My Tho, Go Cong, Ben Tre, Sa dec) co can cd Ddng Thap Miidi, Dao Van Triidng lam khu Bp triidng, Triidng Van Giau lam khu bp phd 22 Chien khu Chin gdm tinh mien Tay Nam Bo (Vinh Long, Tra Vinh, Chau Doc, Long Xuyen, Can Thd, Sdc Trang, Bac Lieu, Rach Gia, Ha Tien) co chien khu U Minh, Vu Ddc lam khu Bo triidng, Nguyln Ngoc Bich lam khu bo Day la hinh thdc chinh quyen qudn sit hda, thiidng diidc goi la cac cap quan - dan chinh Viec ap dung mo hinh chinh quyen nhu" the, la phu hdp vdi yeu cau to chdc cuoc khang chien chong Phap bay gid Cho nen sau nay, Uy ban Nhan dan Nam Bo diidc ddi Uy ban Khang chien Nam Bo (cdn goi la Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh Nam Bd) theo Sac lenh sd' 91/SL Hd Chu tich ky 1-10-1947 Trong Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh Nam Bd bay gid, cd nhieu vien thudc dang phai khac nhii Nguyen Binh (Qudc dan dang), Kha Van Can (tii san), Huynh Phu So (Hoa Hao), Tran Bdu Kiem (Dang Dan chu) Ngoai bd may hanh chinh dau nao tren, cac cd quan cap Nam Bd cung diidc thiet lap nhii cac Sd Tii phap, Sd Kinh te', Sd Thdng tin, Sd Canh ndng, Sd Thiidng binh xa hdi, Dai phat tieng ndi Nam bd khang chien Nhieu can bd ban nganh cac cap cua chinh quyen each mang tdng lam cdng chdc cho Phap La mdt chinh quyen dan chu nhan dan, Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh Nam Bd da ddng td chdc bau hoi ddng nhan dan cac cap; hdi ddng nhan dan cd uy ban hanh chinh khang chien cap tiidng diidng Tuy nhien giai doan nay, cdng tac xay diing chinh quyen each mang gap kha nhieu khd khan, ke' hoach tai chiem Nam Bd cua thiic dan Phap da bien Nam Bd nhdng nam td 1945-1947 chie'n trUdng chinh, tap trung phan ldn binh liic dich Rghien ciru Lich sir so' 3.2011 Triidc nhdng hoat ddng rudng bd ac liet cua ke thu, mdt bd p M n kha ldn ltfc ltfdng khang chie'n Nam Bd thdi ky bi tan Nhu" ban bao cao "Tinh hinh quan khu td 25-8-1945 den 6-1949" cho thay: "mot dieu dac biet Id sau ciidp chinh quyen, cd cho chinh quyen khdng trao han cho mdt dodn the nhdn ddn hay doan the cdch mang chdn chinh; cd vi tinh trang ddc biet cua tinh dy de cho mdt quan lqi cu givt chdc quyen chii tich, cd lqi Id mdt tin Cao Bdi Vi the d tinh Bd Ria cd triidng hqp Le Van Hue, cdng chdc Phdp cu da len vdo hdng ngu cdch mang va leo len chdc Chii tich Uy ban Hanh chinh tinh, tiep tuc ngdm ngdm lam tay sai cho giac'' (11) Sii phan hoa, thdm chi tan cua chinh quyeh each mang d mdt sd' dia phiidng Nam Bd thdi ky 1945-1947 dat nhiem vu tam cho Xd uy la phai cung cd'vai trd cdng ndng va stf lanh dao cua Dang d cac cap Cho nen, nhiem vu xay diing chinh quyeh each mang d Nam Bd giai doan nay, triidc het la dam bao xay dtfng mot chinh quyen each mang tieu bieu cho mat tran Dan tdc thd'ng nhat, do, lien minh cdng-ndng la ndng cd't diidi sii lanh dao cua Dang Cong tac xay diing c h i n h quyen each mang d Nam Bo t h d i k y 1947 1950 Sau nam 1947, mac du chie'n triidng chinh cua djch chuyen Bdc Bd nhiing dich van chu triidng bien Nam Bd hau phiidng chie'n liidc cua chung nham cung cap nhan liic, vat liic, tai liic cho chie'n triidng Bac Bd Hdn nda d Nam Bd, nhdng dieu kien lich sd ma hinh nhieu tdn giao, dang phai nhdng liic liidng bi thiic dan Phap triet de ldi dung de chd'ng pha each mang Ben canh dd, chinh sach "chia de' tri" diidc thiic dan Phap thiic Vai net ve cong tae xay dung thi triet de sudt giai doan khang chien Deh nam 1949, sau su sup cua mot loat cac chinh phu bu nhin Nguyln Van Thinh, Le Van Hoach, Nguyln Van Xuan, thiic dan Phap da nan cai goi la "Mdt tran qudc gia" gom cac phan td ton giao phan dong, t r i thdc t i i san ban nude, bon dau cd chinh tri nham tach Nam Bo khoi Viet Nam (12) Ngoai ra, thiic dan Phap tiep tuc vu trang cho ngiidi Khmer d Sdc Trang, Bac Lieu de chong pha chinh quyen each mang, gay nhieu cuoc tan sat ngiidi Viet d cac dia phiidng tren, nham khdi sau them mau thuan sac toe De chong lai nhdng thu doan chinh t r i nham hiem cua dich, Xd uy da tich ciic cung co' Mat tran doan ket dan toe va cac doan the cdu quo'c Dau nam 1947, Mat tran Viet Minh Nam Bo ddi Ha Huy Giap, dang vien cong san lam Chu nhiem, Viidng Van L l (Dang Dan chu) lam Pho Chu nhiem, Tran Bach Dang lam Tong thu" ky Thang 12-1947, Dai hoi dai bieu Xd Dang bo Nam Bo lan thd nha't td chdc tai hanh dinh cua Bo chi-huy quan sii khu Tam d Nhdn Linh, Mdc Hoa (Long An nay) da nghi quye't lanh dao cuoc khang chie'n chdng Phap d Nam Bo, co noi dung xay diing chinh quyen khang chie'n theo phiidng cham 'hen diidi that kien dinh, manh, ben tren that tieu bieu" (13) Trong nhdng thd thach ac liet va phi thvidng nhii vay, cong tac xay diing chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bo v i n diidc xdc tien, phu hdp vdi tdng biidc di len cua cudc khang chie'n tren pham vi toan qudc Td nam 1947 trd di, he thd'ng chinh quyeh each mang d Nam Bd da cd biidc triidng quan Cac phan td pha hoai da dan dan bi loai khdi he thd'ng chuyen chinh Chinh quyen each mang da thiic sii 23 trd mdt chinh quyeh khang chie'n, mdt cdng cu sac bdn cua nhan dan dd'u tranh chd'ng lai cuoc binh dinh Nam Ky cua thiic dan Phap Vung t i l la tiiu ndi bat cua cudc da'u tranh va xay ddng chinh quyeh each mang d Nam Bo, bao gdm Ddng Thap Miidi, khu Chin, Tay Ninh, Thu Bien, ndi nhan dan ta xay diing che' mdi tren tat ca cac linh viic chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa xa hdi Dac biet la Ddng Thap Miidi, U Minh da trd vung tii cua ta sud't nhdng nam khang chie'n Dd la "Viet Bdc cua Nam Bd", ndi dat cac cd quan chi huy td cap mien, khu, tinh, Dai phat Nam Bd, cdng xiidng, benh vien Ngoai vdng tii do, he thd'ng chinh quyeh cua ta cam chan d khap cac vung bi tam chiem, khu du kich, tdng biidc lan at chinh quyen xa te cua dich Dau nam 1949, toan Nam Bd cd 1042 xa thi chinh quyen nhan dan da lam chu 649 xa (14) Tuy tinh hinh cu the ma mot sd' dia phiidng cd ltfc liidng each mang ldn manh da lap "Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh xa" hoae "Uy ban Quan dan chinh" Rd rang, he thd'ng chinh quyen nhan dan d Nam Bd da diidc td chdc theo nhieu hinh thdc, phu hdp vdi dieu kien chie'n tranh du kich va xay diing can cd dia khang chien Diidi day la ban tdng ket tinh hinh da'u tranh xay diing chinh quyen cap xa d 17 tinh Nam Bd nam 1949 (sd' lieu da qua xd ly) (xem bang 1) Nhdng dieu kien dac thd cua each mang Nam Bd da anh hiidng tdi cd ca'u, phan bd may chinh quyen d day Theo nhan xet cua Uy ban Khang chien Nam Bd, "khdi qudt thi thdnh phdn (cua chinh quyen cac cap - TG) bao gdm cdc tdng Idp nhdn ddn, ddng phdi, bieu Id tinh chdt qudc ddn lien hiep" (15) Chinh quyen td 24 Rghien cuu Lich sir, so' 3.2011 Bang 1: Tinh hinh dau tranh xay diing chinh quyen cap xa or 17 tinh Nam Bo nam 1949 STT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Ten tinh Tong soi xa Bien Hoa Bac Lieu Ben Tre Can Thd Cho Ldn Gia Dinh Go Cdng Ha Tien Long Chau Tien Long Chau Hau My Tho Rach Gia Sa Dec Sdc Trang Tra Vinh Tay Ninh Vinh Long 102 35 135 47 88 89 31 12 39 54 97 47 66 60 49 36 69 S6 xa ta kiem soat hoan toan 37 28 45 14 22 20 S6' xa ta kiem soat ban phan 16 18 50 So xa ta va dich tranh chap 26 85 15 61 19 10 11 11 24 42 20 23 21 11 29 12 22 12 10 17 21 11 59 31 15 15 17 So xa ta lap diidc Uy ban KHHC 79 35 135 47 78 89 30 12 29 30 95 47 66 32 49 27 63 Ngudn: 'Tinh hinh Nam Bd 1949" Bao cao cua ddng chf Nguyen Van Bach, Chii tich Uy ban Khang chie'n Nam Bd Hd sa sd 40, Phong Khoa hoc - Cdng nghe Quan khu cap mien (cap Nam Bo) tinh, huyen, chiia chicle kien toan, cd cau phan chiia hdp ly Rieng Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh Nam Bo, mac du da diidc cai td nhiing den nam 1949 van co cd cau gdm uy vien va co' van, phan toan t r i thdc va tii san (16) O cap tinh, Uy ban Khang chie'n Hanh chinh quan dan - chinh bau Trong sd' 70 uy vien cap tinh chi cd cong nhan va nong dan; sd' cdn lai la dien chu, tu san (17) O cap huyen, theo bao cao cua 10 tinh Nam bo, so' 196 uy vien khang chien hanh chinh huyen cd 25 cong nhan, 50 nong dan, dia chu va 115 tri thdc (18) cap xa, so' ban co' ndng tham gia chinh quyen rat it; phan nhieu la trung nong, phd nong, dia chu Trong so' 165 uy vien khang chie'n hanh chinh cua Bac lieu chi cd 34 cong nhan, nong dan, cdn lai la 45 dien chu, 86 tieu tu san (19) Ro rang bo may chinh quyen cdch mang tii cap Nam bq den cap xa, cdng-ndng khdng phdi Id thdnh phdn ndng cdi Nhiing tai bo may chinh quyen ndng cdt phi cdng nong van di theo quy dao dan chu phuc vu khang chie'n? day, yeu to' quyet dinh chinh la Dang ta - nhan to' dai dien khdng chi quyen ldi giai cap ma cdn la quyen ldi dan toe Hoan toan cd cd sd de ndi rang: sii nghiep xay diing chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bo giai doan 1947-1950 cung cap kinh nghiem tuyet vdi ve moi quan he gida Dang va chinh quyen Cong tac xay diing chinh quyen each mang 6" Nam Bo, giai doan 1950 1954 Ke td chie'n dich Bien gidi Thu Dong 1950, cuoc khang chie'n cua ta da chuyen sang giai doan phan cdng chie'n liidc dich tren chie'n triidng Bac Bo Nhiing d Nam Bo nhdng nam nay, ldi dung mot sd yeu kem cua liic liidng khang chie'n, thiic dan Phap Vai net ve cong tac xay dung day manh thu doan chia cat, lan chiem, gay cho Nam Bo nhieu kho khan Thang 9-1949, doan can bo Dang, chinh phu, quan doi dong chi Le Ddc Tho, Uy vien Thudng vu Trung lidng Dang dan dau cung Pham Ngoc Thach, Thd truing Phu chu tich (danh nghia truing phai doan Chinh phu), Diidng Quoc Chinh (Le Hien Mai), Thieu tudng, dai dien Bo Quoc phong va khoang 30 can bo chinh tri, quan s\l cao cap nda da tdi diidc can cd dia Xd uy d Ddng Thap Miidi Sii tang vien can bo td Trung lidng da gdp phan cung co' va phat trien he thong Dang va chinh quyen each mang Nam Bo giai doan Cong tac Dang, chinh quyen va quan doi di vao ne nep, quy cu Xd uy da xay diing triidng Dang mang ten Triidng Chinh de trang bi ly luan, diidng ldi chu triidng cua Dang cho ddi ngu can bo cdt can cua Nam Bo td cap khu uy, tinh uy, ban nganh cap Nam Bo, can bo chi huy cap tieu doan trd len Triidc tinh hinh niidc va the gidi dang co ldi cho ta, va triidc yeu cau nhiem vu mdi cua cuoc khang chien, Ban chap hanh Trung lidng Dang da trieu tap "Dai hoi dai bieu toan quo'c lan I I " tai Chiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang ) td 11 19/2/1951 Dai hoi da diia chu triidng mdi la to chdc cac cue Trung lidng de chi dao cac dia phiidng xa (20) Tiep theo Dai hoi Dang lan I I , la Dai hoi thd'ng nha't mat tran Viet Minh va hdi Lien Viet "Mat tran Lien hiep Quo'c dan Viet Nam" (Mat tran Lien Viet) nham tap hdp moi dang phai, doan the, ca nhan tham gia khang chien, kien quo'c Sau Dai hoi Dang lan I I , Hoi nghi Trung lidng lan thd nha't (khoa II) thang 3-1951 da quye't dinh lap "Trung lidng cue mien Nam'' gdm ba uy vien chinh thdc (Le 25 Ddc Tho, Pham Hung, Ung Van Khiem) va hai uy vien dii khuyet (Nguyen Van Kinh, Ha Huy Giap) De thdng nhat sii chi dao va tinh gian bien che, van phdng Trung lidng cue va van phdng Uy ban Khang chie'n hdp nha't van phdng Trung lidng cue - Uy ban Nam Bd Cac ban Tuyen huan, Td chdc (Trung lidng cue), ban Kinh te', Tai chinh, cac sd Thdng tin, Giao due, Y te', Cdng an (Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh Nam Bd) cung diidc sap xep lai Thang 6-1951, theo chu triidng cua Trung lidng cue, Uy ban Khang chie'n Hanh chinh Nam Bd nghi dinh sd' 252/ND-51 td chdc Nam Bd hai phan lien khu mien Ddng va mien Tay - lay sdng Tien lam gianh gidi dieu chinh lai dia gidi hanh chinh mdt so' tinh nham tao cho mdi tinh cd vung can cd dia va hanh lang lien hoan de cd ddng liic liidng (21) Phan lien khu mien Ddng gdm tinh (tdc 11 tinh cu) - Gia Dinh Ninh (Gia Dinh, Tay Ninh) - Thu Bien (Thu Dau Mdt, Bien Hda) Ba Ria - Chd Ldn (Ba Ria, Chd Ldn) My Tho (My Tho, Tan An, Go Cdng) Long Chau Sa (Long Chau Tien, Sa Dec) Cdn Phan lien khu mien Tay gdm tinh (tdc tinh cu) - Ben Tre Vinh Tra (Vinh Long, Tra Vinh) - Can Thd (Can Thd, mot phan Rach Gia) - Sdc Trang Bac Lieu Long Chau Ha (Long Chau Hau, Ha Tien) Sii phan dinh cac tinh mdi thiic chat vdn mang nang muc tieu quan s\i Cac he thd'ng td chdc Dang, chinh quyen, mot lan nda 26 Rghien cum Lich sit, so' 3.2011 phai sap xep lai theo mo hinh quan dan chinh C- cap Nam Bg, Bo tu lenh Nam Bo bi giai the, chi t r i "Ban nghien cdu tdng ket" de giup Trung tfdng cue thong nhat chi dao cac van de quan stf tren toan chien trtf dng; ddi vdi cap phan lien khu, thi bd' t r i cac chdc danh lanh dao chu chdt Phan lien khu mien Dong dong chi Le Duan, sau ddng chi Pham Hung phu trach, Phan lien khu mien Tay ddng chi Le Ddc Tho phu trach, Dac khu Sai Gdn Chd Ldn ddng chi Nguyen Van Cdc (Mtfdi Cue) phu trach (22) Cao Bai, Hoa Hao cd'tim het cdch de dodn ket Cd that chat hang ngu vdi Ddng Ddn chii va cdc ddng phdi " (23) Theo tinh than dd, gida nam 1947, tai Ddng Thap Mtfdi, dai bieu cua 17 doan the, chinh dang, tdn giao, nhan si yeu ntfdc da tien hanh hdi nghi lap "Hdi Lien Viet Nam Bd", vdi tdn chi la doan ke't tap hdp moi nhdm dang phai yeu ntfdc, khdng phan biet giai cap, sac tdc, tdn giao, xu hiidng chinh tri, da'u tranh vi mot ntfdc Viet Nam ddc lap, thd'ng nha't, dan chu, phd ciidng (24) Nhufng nhiem v u chu yeu cua chinh quyen each mang of Nam Bo khang chie'n chong Phap 19451954 Song song vdi viec cung cd mat tran doan ke't dan tdc la viec phat trien va cung cd' cac doan the cdu qudc Chang han, 25-11-1946, Tong cdng doan Nam Bd dtfdc ddi ten "Lien hiep Nghiep doan Nam Bo" cd ltfc liidng d ca vung ttf va vung tam chiem Dau nam 1948, so' liidng vien cua td chdc d vdng ttf len den 41 ngan ngiidi (25) Hdi ndng dan cdu qudc Nam Bo dtfdc lap d 19 tinh tdng sd' 21 tinh cua Nam Bd Doan the phu nd cdu qudc d cac vdng ttf cung phat trien vdi cac phong trao "Hdi me chie'n sy" "Hdi chi chie'n sy" "Hu gao khang chie'n" Trong cac vung tam chiem, phu nd tham gia da'u tranh chinh t r i ddi dan sinh dan chu, chd'ng bat linh Nam 1950, Doan phu nd cdu quo'c Nam Bd da cdng cac doan the phu nd khac (Phu nd dan chu, Phu nd Cdng giao, Phu nd Cao Dai ) tien hanh dai hdi lap Hdi Lien hiep Phu nd Nam Bd Nguyen Thi Thdp lam hdi triidng Hdi Phat giao cdu qudc ddi td cudi nam 1946 tai chie'n khu Ddng Thap Mtfdi, Hda thiidng Thich Minh Nguyet lam chanh hdi triidng Trong vung ttf do, Hdi Phat giao cdu quo'c da van dong ddng bao phat td tham gia san xua't, tdng quan giet giac; d vung tam chiem, Hdi van ddng tin ung Ve xdy dung Itfc Itfqng chinh tri Trong binh dinh Nam Bd, thtfc dan Phap da thi hanh chinh sach "chia de t r i " Chung lap nhieu dang phai phan dong (Thanh nien Bao qudc doan, Lien hiep Thanh nien nghia dung, Dai viet Quo'c dan dang, Mat tran binh dan Nam phdn ) dd danh Ida quan chung va tao them cd sd xa hdi, ldi keo can bd khang chie'n dau thd va lam viec cho Phap Thtfc dan Phap cdn mua chudc, ldi keo nhdng nhdm phan ddng Cao Dai, Hda Hao, Binh Xuyen, Hoa kieu Quo'c dan dang Nhdng nhdm diidc thtfc dan Phap vu trang, hoae cat da't lap "vung ttf tri" chd'ng lai cdng cudc khang chie'n cua ta Xay diing ltfc liidng chinh tri, thtfc hien doan ket dan tdc ldc la rat cap thiet dd'i vdi each mang Nam Bd Dang ta nhan thdc ro dieu ay nen 'Thii gdi cac ddng chi Nam Bd" thang 12-1946, Trung tfdng Dang chi rd Viec keu goi cdc nhd dqi tri thdc, dien chu phdi Idm rdo riii, nhiing quan nhdt Id ve ton gido Vdi Cong gido, Vai net ve cdng tac xay dung ho thuoc men, tien bac cho khang chien Nhieu ngoi chua trd cd sd each mang dung lam tram giao lien, che gidu can bo, cat chda vu Mot so' giao pham va dong bao Cong giao cung Idp hai td chdc la "Thanh nien Cdng giao" va "Phu nd Cdng giao" de tap hdp ddng dao quan chdng dong gop cho khang chie'n vdi tinh than "vi Chda, vi To qudc" 27 hinh va tac chie'n Ngoai ra, ltfc liidng dan quan du kich, dan quan ttf ve cung dtfdc xay diing d nhieu ndi Diidi cap xa, cd mdt uy vien phu trach quan stf Uy ban Hanh chinh khang chie'n xa, cdng vdi Ban chi huy xa ddi va ltfc liidng du kich xa Ben canh ltfc liidng du kich xa cdn cd ltfc liidng cdng an xa, thiidng chi cd mdt vai ngiidi Tinh den cudi nam 1948, tdng sd'dan quan ttf ve d Nam Bd la 270.593 ngiidi (27) Ve mat td chdc, nham tang ciidng stf Ve xdy dUng lite luang vu trang Sau thd'ng nha't cdng tac quan stf, khdi nghia thang ldi d Nam Bo, da xua't hien nhieu ddn vi bo ddi Dang bo hay chi 12-12-1947 Hdi nghi lien khu da quye't bo cac ndi to chdc Tai Sai Gdn dem 4- dinh Idp "Uy ban Quan stf Nam Bd" 9-1945 da mat "Liic liidng cdng nhan Nguyln Thanh Sdn (Nguyln Van Tay) xung phong Nam Bd", diidi stf lanh dao cua phu trach (28) Nhtfng deh thang 10-1948, Nguyen Ltfu (chi huy triidng), Td Van Ri Uy ban quan stf Nam Bd bi bai bd, thay vao (chi huy pho), Huynh Dinh Mai (tham miiu dd la viec lap "Bd ttf lenh Nam Bo" triidng) mdt so' qudn hoae xung quanh Trung tiidng Nguyen Binh lam ttf lenh Sai Gdn cd nhdng ddn vi mang ten dia Ngay 21-3-1949, Ho Chu tich ky sac lenh, phiidng hay ten ngiidi chi huy nhii bo doi chinh thdc bd nhiem Nguyen Binh lam Ttf Td Ky, Huynh Van Mot, Cao Ddc Lud'c, bd lenh, Tran Van Tra lam Phd ttf lenh, Pham doi Trung quan, Huynh Van Nghe Den Ngoc Thuan lam Chinh t r i vien Phdng toan quo'c khang chien, tren chien Dan quan Nam Bd dtfdc lap Le triidng Nam Bo da hinh 27 chi doi Duan triic tiep lam triidng phdng (3 cac Ve qudc doan, vai ddn vi tac chien doc Idp khu cd Ban dan quan; d cac ca'p tinh, va ddn vi Qudc ve doi (cong an vu trang) huyen, xa thi bd Uy vien quan stf de Quan so' moi chi doi rat khac nhau, td lap "Tinh ddi dan quan", "Huyen ddi dan khoang nda tieu doan den gan mot trung quan" va "Xa ddi dan quan" (29) Den nam doan, trang bi thieu thd'n va cdn thieu kinh 1950, bd ddi chu ltfc dau tien da xua't hien d nghiem tac chie'n (26) Trong cac nam 1946- Nam Bd, danh da'u stf triidng viidt 1947 cdn cd ddn vi "Bo doi hai ngoai" la bac cua ltfc liidng vu trang each mang nhdng Viet kieu d Thai Lan, Lao, Ve cung cd md rdng can cd dia cdch Campuchia ttf nguyen tdng quan ve ntfdc mang, xdy dUng nin kinh te khdng chien, chie'n da'u thUc hien chUc ndng quan ly nha nUdc Trong khang chie'n chd'ng Phap d Nam Bd, Theo chu triidng cua Xd uy, td thang 31948 cac chi doi dtfdc sap xep, bien che len viec xay diing can cd dia lam chd ddng cap trung doan; khu Bay cd 10 trung doan chan an toan cho cd quan dau nao khang va tieu doan cd ddng, khu Tam cd trung chie'n, cac ltfc liidng vu trang va cd sd hau doan va tieu doan chu ltfc, khu Chin cd can trd mdt yeu cau bdc thiet Theo trung doan Cac trung doan la bd ddi tap stf chi dao cua Trung tfdng, Xd uy Nam Bd trung dia phUdng d cac tinh, ndi ma ddn vi td dau cudc khang chie'n da chd 28 flghien ciru Lich sir, sd 3.2011 xay dung, cung co', phat trien ba can cd Ngoai viec san xua't liidng thtfc, chinh chinh la chie'n khu D d mien Dong, Ddng quyen each mang khuyen khich ndng dan Thap Mudi d mien Trung, can cd U Minh d chan nudi gia sdc, gia cam, trdng cay an mien Tay Trong ba chie'n khu tren thi chie'n trai; ve thu cdng nghiep, khuyen khich khu Ddng Thap Mudi gid vai trd dac biet trdng bdng, det vai, nudi tdm, lam giay, quan trong, dtfdc coi la 'Thu dd khang chie'n ntfdc mam, tiidng, chao, san xua't diidng cua Nam Bo" nhdng nam 1946 -1948 mia Td nam 1949, cd quan dau nao khang chie'n Thtfc hien chu triidng cua Dang, Uy ban Nam Bo mdi chuyen ve U Minh de tranh sii Khang chien Hanh chinh Nam bd da quyet can quyet cua thiic dan Phap dinh lap "Uy ban bao vay kinh te Trong dieu kien chie'n tranh, chinh dich" cap Nam Bd va cap tinh; cam hiu quyen each mang van tap trung xay diing thdng hang hda gida vung ttf va vung kinh te khang chien nham cung cap tien tam chiem Mac dd ke dich da thtfc hien bac, cac ngudn liic vat chat phuc vu khang nhi&r thu doan tham doc nham chd'ng pha chie'n; mat khac, chong lai cac am miiu thu kinh te khang chie'n, nhtfng nen kinh te doan cua dich nham chdng pha kinh te khang chie'n Nam Bd van tru vdng khang chie'n De danh pha nen kinh te' khang chie'n Xd uy va Uy ban Khang chien Hanh Nam Bd, thtfc dan Phap da lenh khdng chinh Nam Bo da ban hanh nhdng chinh sd dung td bac 100 ddng Ddng Diidng Ngan sach dung dan, nhu" tam cap cho dan ngheo hang, goi la ddng IDEO A i cd loai tien ay so' ruong dat tich thu td thiic dan, dia chu phai den ngan hang ddi Thu doan cua dich viet gian; dap dng tot nguyen vong cua lam rdi loan va dinh tre viec giao dich, mua nong dan Ddng Thap Miidi, mdi ho dan ban cua ta mdt thdi gian Bay gid, Nguyen ngheo dtfdc tam cap mot khoanh dat Thanh Vinh, Uy vien tai chinh cua Uy ban khoang 10 de canh tac (30) Td nam Hanh chinh Khang chie'n Nam Bd da de 1950, Uy ban Khang chie'n Hanh chinh nghi giai phap khan cap, theo dd, ta ddng Nam Bo to chdc "Hoi nghi nong dan mien da'u cua chinh quyen tinh ddng len Tay"', chinh thdc phat dong viec tam cap nhdng giay bac ma dich khdng liiu hanh dat va cuoc van dong dia chu hien da't vung tam chie'n nda de liiu hanh Cuoc van dong keo dai den nam 1953 vdng ttf cua ta, cat ddi td giay bac Ket qua den nam nay, nong dan Nam Bo de khac phuc tinh trang thieu tien le Ddng dtfdc chia 460 ngan ha; qua nam 1954, thdi Sd tai chinh Nam Bd de nghi Uy ban sddd la 573.940 cho toan Nam Bo (31) Khang chie'n xin phep Trung tfdng in tien Viet Nam cho Nam Bd Trong ndng nghiep, thue va nhdng khoan dong gop cua nong dan dtfdc chinh quyen phan bd hdp ly Cac loai thue gdm: thue da't, thue hoa chi, thue mon bai; sau thd'ng nhat thu thue dam phu quoc phdng De bd sung cho ngudn thu nha ntfdc, chinh quyeii each mang cdn van ddng nhan dan mua cdng phieu khang chie'n, van ddng ngiidi giau cho nha ntfdc vay mtfdn tien cua Viec phat hanh giay bac Nam Bd da dam bao cho nen kinh te khang chie'n Nam Bd van hanh thdng sudt Den thang 101954, Chinh phu sac lenh thu hdi tien Viet Nam Nam Bd va ddi tra bang tien Ddng Diidng Ngan hang de dam bao quyen ldi cua dan Ngoai nhiem vu cung cd' bd may td chdc, xay dtfng ltfc liidng vu trang, Vai net ve eong tac xay dung phat trien nen kinh te khang chien, cac cap chinh quyen chii den cong tac van hoa, xa hoi, y te, giao due Sau Tam vide 14-9-1946, Uy ban Khang chie'n Hanh chinh Nam Bo da quye't djnh lap "Sd Quan Dan y Nam Bo" va "Phdng y te" cac khu Bay gid Bac si Hd Van Hue lam Trudng phong quan y khu Bay kiem Giam ddc Sd y te Nam Bo Den thang 7-1947, Bac si Nguyln Van Hiidng diidc cd lam Giam ddc Sd Quan Dan y Nam Bo Mac du hoan canh kho khan cua cuoc khang chie'n, hang tram benh vien, benh xa, tram cdu thiidng, nha bao sanh diidc xay diing d vung tii Ve cdng tac giao due, nhieu Idp binh dan hoc vu dtfdc md de day chd cho ddng bao Giai doan 1947-1949, phong trao "Diet ddt" d Nam Bo da xoa md chd cho gan 600 ngan ngiidi, dat 21% so' ngiidi md chd tuoi td 16 den 25 thuoc vung khang chie'n kiem soat, md dtfdc 9.400 Idp dii bi binh dan vdi khoang 209.700 hoc vien man khoa (32) Chinh quyen each mang cdn md dtfdc mot sd' triidng tieu hoc, triidng thieu sinh quan, triidng trung hoc ndi trd d khu Tam va khu Chin Trong giang day, nha triidng ludn gan lien hoc tap vdi lao ddng (lam rudng, trdng rau, xay cat triidng Idp ) gdn ket giao due vdi dan van nhdm nang cao dan tri Den giai doan 1950-1954, mac du thtfc dan Phap md nhieu ddt can quyet ac liet, nhtfng stf nghiep phat trien y te' giao due van tiep tuc phat trien Nam 1954, toan Nam Bd cd trieu ngiidi thoat nan md chd, dd cd nda trieu ngiidi dtfdc hoc len cac Idp dii bi (khoang 20 ngan Idp); ve y te, toan Nam Bd cd 4.973 bac si, da ttf san xua't dtfdc nhieu loai thud'c t r j benh, ke't hdp Ddng - Tay y cham sdc sdc khde 29 can bd va nhan dan, kiem soat dtfdc dich benh vung giai phdng (33) Nhtf vay, he thd'ng chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bd sudt cudc khang chien chd'ng Phap 1945 1954 da dan dan thtfc hien hau het cac chdc nang tran ap quan thd, doan ke't moi ltfc liidng dan tdc yeu ntfdc, quan ly va xay dtfng xa hdi mdi, gdp phan to ldn vao stf nghiep khang chien kien qudc cua toan dan tdc * Qua viec trinh bay nhdng luan diem tren, td cac tiep can dd'i chieu lich sd, chdng ta cd the danh gia dung tam vdc to ldn cua stf nghiep xay dtfng chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bd giai doan 1945-1954: Stf thiet lap chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bd dien bdi canh lich sd day cam go, thd thach Sau cudc khdi nghia Nam Ky (thang 11-1940) that bai, phai deh nam 1943 phong trao each mang d Nam Bp mdi dtfdc phuc hdi, nhtfng sau lai bi phan hoa hai td chdc la Xd uy Tien phong va Xd uy Giai phdng Nam Bp khdng cd nhdng cudc khdi nghia tdng phan; chi cd stf phat trien cua ltfc liidng each mang va phong trao quan chdng tien thing len tdng khdi nghia Chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bp ddi dieu kien thieu stf chuan bi can ban ve mpi mat; chiia cd chien khu hoae vung giai phdng, chiia xay dtfng dtfdc ltfc liidng vu trang dd chi la nhdng ddn vj nhd; ltfc liidng Viet Minh cdn mdng, chiia gid dtfdc vai trd ndng cdt ve chinh tri va td chtfc d cac cap chinh quyen, v i the' giai doan dau, chinh quyen each mang phai dung nap ca dai dien cua mdt so' tdn giao, dang phai khac Cd the ndi, giai ctoqn 19451947, cdc cap chinh quyen cdch mang d Nam Bd, phdn ndng cdi phi cdng 30 nong chiem Uu the Td nam 1947 trd di, he thdng chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bo mdi dan diidc loc de dap dng nhdng ddi hdi cua cudc khang chien toan dan, toan dien, triidng ky Chinh quyen each mang da td chdc, dong vien quan chdng tang gia san xuat, t i i tdc an mac, tam cap ruong dat cho ndng dan, thiic hien giam to, lap cac hdp tac xa La mot bd phan khang khit cua chinh quyen dan chu nhan dan tren ca niidc, chinh quyen each mang Nam Bp da thiic hien mot each sang tao cac chdc nang cd ban cua nen chuyen chinh cdng - nong Do la nhiem vu xay diing cung co' he thong chinh quyen cac ca'p diia tren nen tang cong-nong lien minh, diidi sii lanh dao cua Dang; xay diing mat tran dan toe tho'ng nha't, da'u tranh chdng moi am miiu chia re cua ke thu Do la nhiem vu xay ddng liic liidng vu trang, hinh cac chie'n khu, can cd dia, vdng tii do, ndi ma chinh quyen Rghieri cuu Lich sit, so' 3.2011 each mang da thiic hien quyen quan ly xa hoi cua minh tren cac linh viic kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi, y te va giao due Chinh quyen each mang da trd mot he tho'ng td cap Nam Bo den cap xa, tdn tai song song va da'u tranh la'n ap chinh quyen dich Co the cho rang, chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bp giai doan 1945-1954 la mot hinh thdc qua sang tao cua chuyen chinh vd san Den day, mot van de mdi lai xua't hien la, tai thdi ky nay, chi d Nam Bp mdi co chinh quyen cap xd (cap Nam Bp), Trung Bp khong co? Cd yeu td' "hau thudc dia" chang, hay ddn thuan chi la dieu kien xa Trung lidng (dieu kien dia ly)? Dac diem cua chinh quyen each mang vung Vien Dong xa xoi cua niidc Nga sau each mang thang Miidi, co gi tiidng ddng vdi dac diem cua chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bp giai doan 1945-1954? Nhdng cau hdi dd chdng toi se cd dip trd lai sau CHU THICH (1), (5), (7) Hoi ddng bien soan Lich sd Nam bd (6) Cac uy vien khac la: Nguyln Van Tao - Uy khang chie'n Lich sic Nam Bo khdng chien (Phan trudng noi vu, Nguyln Phi Hoanh- Uy trudng tai Md dau) Ban nghiem thu cong trinh, thang 8- chinh, Pham Ngoc Thach Uy trudng ngoai giao, 2005, tr 83, 95, 110-129 Hoang Ddn Van - Uy trudng lao ddng, Duong Bach (2) Mua thu rdi, ham ba Nxb Chinh tri Mai- Uy trudng Qudc gia tu ve cuoc, Nguyen Thanh Son (Nguyln Van Tay) Thanh tra chinh Qudc gia, Ha Ndi, 1996 Tap 1, tr 326-331 tri, Ngo Ta'n Nhdn Uy trUclng kinh te', Huynh (3) Bang Giang Sdi Con co"stf, tr 142; trich Van Tieng Uy trudng tuyen truyen va theo "Lich sti Nam Bo khdng chien" (Phan Md nien dau) Hdi dong bien soan Lich sd Nam Bg khang chie'n, ban nghiem thu cdng trinh, thang 8-2005, (8) Tinh hinh Nam Bo 1945-1975 (Bao cao cua Uy ban Khang chie'n Nam Bo) Ho sd so 18, Phong tr 89 Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe Quan khu 7, tr 18 (4) Tran Van Giau Thanh cdng cua chu nghia Mac-Lenin, tUtudngHo ChiMinh Tap 3, Nxb Tp (9) Lich sd Bang bd Bdng Cdng san Viet Nam phd' Ho CM Minh, 1945-1954, Tap (sd Ho Chi Minh, 1993, tr 649 thao) Nxb Tp Ho Chf Minh Vai net ve cong tac xay dung 31 (10) Cac vien ciia Uy ban nhan dan (20) Dieu le Dang Lao dong Viet Nam, dieu 53 Nam bd gom: Pham Van Bach Chd tich, Tran Van ki^n Dang toan t&p, tap 12, tr 467 Van Giau - Phd Chu tich kiem Uy trudng quan sU, (21), (22) Hoi dong bien soan Lich sd Nam Bo Nguyen Van Tao Uy trudng ndi vu, Pham Ngoc khang chien Lich sic Nam Bp khdng chie'n (Phan Thach - Uy trudng ngoai giao, Ngo Tan Nhon - Uy thii nha't, Nam Bp khdng chien chd'ng Phdp), ban trudng kinh te; uy trudng cdn lai la: Ung Van nghiem thu cdng trinh, thang 8-2005, tr 187-188 Khiem, Nguyln Van Nghiem, TU Ba Dude, Huynh (23) Van kien Ddng toan tap Tap 8, tr 158Phu So' Xem Lich sic Nam bp khdng chien Phdn thd nhdt, Nam bp khdng chien chd'ng Phdp) Hdi 163 dong bien soan Lich su Nam bd khang chien, ban (24), (25), (26) Hoi dong bien soan Lich su nghiem thu cdng trinh, thang 8-2005, tr Nam Bd khang chien Lich sic Nam Bp khdng (11) Tinh hinh Nam bo 1945-1975 (Bao cao chie'n (Phan thU nha't, Nam Bp khdng chie'n chd'ng cua Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chfnh Nam Bd) Ho Phdp), ban nghiem thu cong trinh, thang 8-2005, so sd 18, tr 18 Phong khoa hoc - cdng nghe Quan tr 91-192, 92, 109 khu (27) Tong ket cupc khdng chien chd'ng thac ddn Phdp - thang ldi va bdi hoc Nxb Chfnh tri Qudc (12) Tinh hinh Nam Bo nam 1949 (Bao cao ciia gia, Ha Noi, 2000, tr 138 dong chf Pham Van Bach, Chii tich Uy ban Khang chien Nam Bd) Ho so so 40, tr.17, Phong Khoa hoc (28) Uy ban Quan sU Nam Bd gom cac dng: va Cdng nghe Quan khu Nguyln Thanh Sdn, uy vien Uy ban Khang chie'n (13) Hoi dong bien soan Lich su Nam bp khang chien Lich sa Nam Bp khdng chie'n (Phan thd nhat, Nam Bp khdng chie'n) Ban nghiem thu cong trinh, thang 8-2005, tr 82-90 Nam Bd, Trudng ban; Le Quan, uy vien dan quan; Pham Ngoc Thuan, iiy vien chfnh tri; va vi trudng khu (xem Tinh hinh Nam Bp 1945-1975, sdd) (29), (30), (31) Hoi dong bien soan Lich su (14) Lich sa cupc khdng chie'n chd'ng Phdp 1945-1954 Nxb Quan doi Nhan dan, Ha Ndi, Nam Bo khang chie'n Lich sic Nam Bp khdng chie'n (Phan thii nhat, Nam Bp khdng chie'n chd'ng 1995, tr 376 Phdp), ban nghiem thu cdng trinh, thang 8-2005, (15), (16), (17), (18), (19) Tinh hinh Nam Bp tr 112, 93, 211 1949 Bao cao cua dong chf Nguyln Van Bach, Chu (32), (33) Gido due Nam bp khdng chie'n tich Uy ban Khang chien Nam Bo Ho sd so' 40, chd'ng Phdp Nxb Tre, tr 53, 219-220 Phdng Khoa hoc - Cdng nghe Quan khu [...]... trieu ngiidi thoat nan md chd, trong dd cd nda trieu ngiidi dtfdc hoc len cac Idp dii bi (khoang 20 ngan Idp); ve y te, toan Nam Bd cd 4.973 bac si, da ttf san xua't dtfdc nhieu loai thud'c t r j benh, ke't hdp Ddng - Tay y trong cham sdc sdc khde 29 can bd va nhan dan, kiem soat dtfdc dich benh trong vung giai phdng (33) Nhtf vay, he thd'ng chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bd trong sudt cudc khang chien chd'ng... hien da't trong vung tam chie'n nda de liiu hanh Cuoc van dong nay keo dai den nam 1953 trong vdng ttf do cua ta, cat ddi td giay bac Ket qua den nam nay, nong dan Nam Bo de khac phuc tinh trang thieu tien le Ddng dtfdc chia 460 ngan ha; qua nam 1954, con thdi Sd tai chinh Nam Bd de nghi Uy ban sddd la 573.940 cho toan Nam Bo (31) Khang chie'n xin phep Trung tfdng in tien Viet Nam cho Nam Bd Trong ndng... nudi tdm, lam giay, quan trong, dtfdc coi la 'Thu dd khang chie'n ntfdc mam, tiidng, chao, san xua't diidng cua Nam Bo" trong nhdng nam 1946 -1948 mia Td nam 1949, cd quan dau nao khang chie'n Thtfc hien chu triidng cua Dang, Uy ban Nam Bo mdi chuyen ve U Minh de tranh sii Khang chien Hanh chinh Nam bd da quyet can quyet cua thiic dan Phap dinh thanh lap "Uy ban bao vay kinh te Trong dieu kien chie'n... vien phu trach quan stf trong Uy ban Hanh chinh khang chie'n xa, cdng vdi Ban chi huy xa ddi va ltfc liidng du kich xa Ben canh ltfc liidng du kich xa cdn cd ltfc liidng cdng an xa, thiidng chi cd mdt vai ngiidi Tinh den cudi nam 1948, tdng sd'dan quan ttf ve d Nam Bd la 270.593 ngiidi (27) Ve mat td chdc, nham tang ciidng stf Ve xdy dUng lite luang vu trang Sau thd'ng nha't trong cdng tac quan stf,... hien d nghiem tac chie'n (26) Trong cac nam 1946- Nam Bd, danh da'u stf triidng thanh viidt 1947 cdn cd 4 ddn vi "Bo doi hai ngoai" la bac cua ltfc liidng vu trang each mang nhdng Viet kieu d Thai Lan, Lao, Ve cung cd md rdng can cd dia cdch Campuchia ttf nguyen tdng quan ve ntfdc mang, xdy dUng nin kinh te khdng chien, chie'n da'u thUc hien chUc ndng quan ly nha nUdc Trong khang chie'n chd'ng Phap... chinh quyen con chii trong den cong tac van hoa, xa hoi, y te, giao due Sau Tam vide 14-9-1946, Uy ban Khang chie'n Hanh chinh Nam Bo da quye't djnh thanh lap "Sd Quan Dan y Nam Bo" va "Phdng y te" cac khu Bay gid Bac si Hd Van Hue lam Trudng phong quan y khu Bay kiem Giam ddc Sd y te Nam Bo Den thang 7-1947, Bac si Nguyln Van Hiidng diidc cd lam Giam ddc Sd Quan Dan y Nam Bo Mac du trong hoan canh kho... da xoa md chd cho gan 600 ngan ngiidi, dat 21% so' ngiidi md chd trong do tuoi td 16 den 25 thuoc vung khang chie'n kiem soat, md dtfdc 9.400 Idp dii bi binh dan vdi khoang 209.700 hoc vien man khoa (32) Chinh quyen each mang cdn md dtfdc mot sd' triidng tieu hoc, triidng thieu sinh quan, triidng trung hoc ndi trd d khu Tam va khu Chin Trong giang day, nha triidng ludn gan lien hoc tap vdi lao ddng... tinh, ndi ma ddn vi ngay td dau cudc khang chie'n da chd trong 28 flghien ciru Lich sir, sd 3.2011 xay dung, cung co', phat trien ba can cd Ngoai viec san xua't liidng thtfc, chinh chinh la chie'n khu D d mien Dong, Ddng quyen each mang khuyen khich ndng dan Thap Mudi d mien Trung, can cd U Minh d chan nudi gia sdc, gia cam, trdng cay an mien Tay Trong ba chie'n khu tren thi chie'n trai; ve thu cdng nghiep,... len tdng khdi nghia Chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bp ra ddi trong dieu kien thieu stf chuan bi can ban ve mpi mat; chiia cd chien khu hoae vung giai phdng, chiia xay dtfng dtfdc ltfc liidng vu trang dd chi la nhdng ddn vj nhd; ltfc liidng Viet Minh cdn mdng, chiia gid dtfdc vai trd ndng cdt ve chinh tri va td chtfc d cac cap chinh quyen, v i the' trong giai doan dau, chinh quyen each mang phai dung nap... tiep can dd'i chieu lich sd, chdng ta cd the danh gia dung tam vdc to ldn cua stf nghiep xay dtfng chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bd giai doan 1945-1954: Stf thiet lap chinh quyen each mang d Nam Bd dien ra trong bdi canh lich sd day cam go, thd thach Sau cudc khdi nghia Nam Ky (thang 11-1940) that bai, phai deh nam 1943 phong trao each mang d Nam Bp mdi dtfdc phuc hdi, nhtfng sau do lai bi phan hoa thanh