4 câu CHỦ ĐỘNG bị ĐỘNG

ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE (CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG VÀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG) Structure : I Active: Passive: II S + V + Obj S + Be + Vpp +( by Obj) Công thức : Thì đơn, khứ đơn Thì tiếp diễn, khứ tiếp diễn Thì hoàn thành Thì khứ hoàn thành Thì tương lai đơn Thì tương lai tiếp diễn S + Be (am, is, are, was, were) + V pp ( by Obj.) S + Be (am, is, are, was, were) + Being + Vpp (by Obj) S + have/ has +been + Vpp ( by Obj.) S + had been + Vpp ( by Obj.) S + will/ shall + Be + Vpp.( by Obj.) S + Be( am, is, are) + going to + Be + Vpp.(by Obj) Thì tương lai hoàn thành S + will/ shall + have been Vpp.( by Obj.) Modal verbs: S + can / may/ must / ought to / should / could .+ Be + PII S + modal verbs + have been + PII ***Notes: + Ta bỏ: by me, by him, by her, by it, by us, by you, by them, by someone, by people câu bị động không muốn nêu rõ tác nhân thấy không quan trọng + Nếu câu chủ động có trạng từ( ngữ) nơi chốn đặt chúng trước “by + tân ngữ bị động” eg The police found him in the forest He was found in the forest by the police + Nếu câu chủ động có trạng từ( ngữ) thời gian đặt chúng sau “ by + tân ngữ bị động” eg They are going to buy a car tomorrow A car is going to be bought by them tomorow + Nếu tân ngữ câu bị động vật, việc ta dùng giới từ ‘with’ thay ‘by’ trước tân ngữ eg The bottle is filled with ink./ The bowl is fill with sugar + Nếu động từ chủ động có hai tân ngữ hai tân ngữ dùng làm chủ ngữ câu bị động (chủ ngữ người thường sử dụng nhiều hơn) eg I am writing her a letter She is being written a letter A letter is being written to her Các động từ : ask, tell, give, send, show, teach, pay, offer thường có hai tân ngữ III Một số dạng bị động khác : Dạng nhờ bảo : HAVE, GET Active: S + HAVE + Obj +V(person) + V -> Passive: S + HAVE + Obj(thing) + PII + by Obj(person) eg I have her cut my hair yesterday -> I had my hair cut yesterday Active: S + GET + Obj(person) + To V + Obj (thing) ->Passive: S + GET +Obj (thing) + PII +by Obj (person) eg I get him to make some coffee -> I get some coffee made Động từ giác quan: see, watch, hear Active: S + Verbs +Obj + bare inf/ V ing -> Passive: S + Be + PII + to inf/ V ing eg I saw her come in >She was seen to come in Động từ ý kiến: say, think, know believe,hope, consider,tell Active: S + V1 + that + Clause( S2 +V2 +Obj2) -> Passive: ->It + be+ V1( PII ) +that +Clause(S2+V2+O2) -> S2 + be + V1(PII ) {+ to inf {+to have PII Eg People say that he is a famous doctor ->It’s said that he is a famous doctor ->He’s said to be a famous doctor Eg 2: They thought that Marry has gone away ->It was thought that Marry had gone away ->Marry was thought to have gone away Câu mệnh lệnh: a Verb + Obj + Adjunc -> Let + Obj + be + Vpp + Adjunct eg Close the door, please -> Let the door be closed, please b S + let + smb +do + smt eg He let me go out _I was let to go out / I was allowed to go out Bị động động từ Need, Make a Need: - The floor is dirty It needs to be swept/ cleaned or: The floor is dirty It needs sweeping/ cleaning b Make: - The story makes me laugh -> I am made to laugh - They made her work hard -> She was made to work hard *Note : NEED TO BE PII = NEED DOING MAKE SMB DO SMT or TO BE MADE TO DO SMT