“When” cũng được dùng với nhiều thì ngữ pháp khác nhau trong mệnh đề thời gian, có thể là quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, lẫn hiện tại đơn.. “Before” cũng được dùng với nhiều thì ngữ phá
Trang 1BÀI 8 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN
1 When: “When” means “at that moment, at that time, etc.” Notice the different
tenses used in relationship to the clause beginning with when It is important to remember that “when” takes either the simple past OR the present
“When” được dùng với ý nghĩa “lúc ấy, thời điểm ấy” “When” cũng được dùng với nhiều thì ngữ pháp khác nhau trong mệnh đề thời gian, có thể là quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, lẫn hiện tại đơn Cụ thể như các ví dụ minh họa sau:
He was talking on the phone when I arrived I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep.
When she called, he had already eaten lunch We’ll go to lunch when you come
to visit
When we were playing on the swings, it started to rain.
2 Before: “Before” means “before that moment” It is important to remember that
“before” takes either the simple past OR the present
“Before” được dùng với ý nghĩa “trước lúc ấy, trước thời điểm ấy” “Before” cũng được dùng với nhiều thì ngữ pháp khác nhau trong mệnh đề thời gian, có thể là quá khứ đơn, lẫn hiện tại đơn Cụ thể như các ví dụ minh họa sau:
We will finish before he arrives Before you come back, the new hospital will
have been built
She (had) left before I telephoned Before we came, they had gone.
3 After: “After” means “after that moment” It is important to remember that “after”
takes the present for future events and the past OR past perfect for past events
“After” được dùng với ý nghĩa “sau lúc ấy, sau thời điểm ấy” “After” cũng được dùng với nhiều thì ngữ pháp khác nhau trong mệnh đề thời gian, có thể là quá khứ đơn, quá khứ hoàn thành Cụ thể như các ví dụ minh họa sau:
We will finish after he comes After he arrives, he will certainly make a speech She ate after I (had) left After we had done all our homework, we played
chess
4 While, as: “While” and “as” mean “during that time” “While” and “as” are both
usually used with the past continuous because the meaning of “during that time” which indicates an action in progress
“While/ As” được dùng với ý nghĩa “trong lúc, trong khoảng thời gia” “While/ As” được dùng với thì quá khứ tiếp diễn trong mệnh đề thời gian, dùng để diễn tả sự diễn tiến của hành động Cụ thể như các ví dụ minh họa sau:
She began cooking while I was finishing my homework
As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking
While I was walking home, I met with my long-lost friend, Nga.
He had an accident as he was walking on the street.
5 By the time: “By the time” expresses the idea that one event has been completed
before another It is important to notice the use of the past perfect for past events and future perfect for future events in the main clause This is because of the idea of something happening up to another point in time
“By the time” dùng để diễn đạt một hành động, sự kiện đã hoàn tất trước một sự kiện khác, hành động khác “By the time” dùng với mệnh đề thời gian ở quá khứ (mệnh đề chính ở quá khứ hoàn thành) diễn tả một sự kiện trong quá khứ, tuy nhiên “by the time” sẽ diễn tả tương lai khi mệnh đề thời gian với “by the time” chia ở hiện tại (mệnh đề chính chia ở tương lai)
By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner
Trang 2We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive
6 Until, till: “Until” and “till” express “up to that time” We use either the simple
present or simple past with “until” and “till” “Till” is usually only used in spoken English
“Until/ Till” được dùng để diễn đạt ý nghĩa “đến thời gian đó, đến thời điểm đó” “Until/ Till” cũng được dùng với nhiều thì ngữ pháp khác nhau trong mệnh đề thời gian, có thể
là quá khứ đơn, quá khứ hoàn thành “Till” được dùng trong ngôn ngữ nói nhiều hơn
Cụ thể như các ví dụ minh họa sau:
We waited until he finished his homework We will continue to work till it is dark.
I didn’t realize who he was until he took off his sunglasses I’ll wait till you finish.
7 Since: “Since” means “from that time” We use the present perfect (continuous)
with “since” “Since” can also be used with a specific point in time
“Since” nghĩa là “kể từ thời điểm đó”, hoặc dùng với các mốc thời gian “Since” được dùng với các dạng hoàn thành Cụ thể minh họa qua các ví dụ sau:
I have learned English since I was a young boy They have worked here since
1987
We have been waiting for him since early this morning.
8 As soon as/ Once: “As soon as” means “when something happens - immediately
afterwards” “As soon as” is very similar to “when” it emphasizes that the event will occur immediately after the other We usually use the simple present for future events, although present perfect can also be used
“As soon as” diễn tả sự việc diễn ra ngay sau đó có một sự kiện, hành động khác tiếp nối, nó có ý nghĩa tương đối giống với”when”, hay “once” Mệnh đề thời gian với “as soon as” được chi ở hiện tại để diễn tả tương lai Ví dụ cụ thể:
He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided)
As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call
Once I have a chance, I will throw you an ice ball
9 NOTE: No sooner … than … or hardly/scarcely/barely …when is used in the meaning of As soon as…but when the sentence starts with them, that part is used in
“inversion” like the question form and in the past perfect tense
No sooner … than … hay hardly/scarcely/barely …when được dùng với ý nghĩa như “as soon as”, nhưng mệnh đề sẽ phải đảo ngữ khi No sooner … than … hay hardly/ scarcely/ barely …when được đặt ở đầu mệnh đề Ví dụ minh họa như
dưới đây:
Examples:
As soon as I entered the room , I noticed her
No sooner had I entered the room than I noticed her
Hardly had I entered the room when I noticed her
As soon as he approached the house , the policeman stopped him
No sooner had he approached the house than the policeman stopped him Hardly had he approached the house when the policeman stopped him
10 Whenever, every time: “Whenever” and “every time” mean “each time
something happens” We use the simple present (or the simple past in the past) because “whenever” and “every time” express habitual action
“Whenever” và “every time” được dùng với yas nghĩa “khi/ mỗi khi”, thì hiện tại
thường hay quá khứ thường được dùng trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian với “whenever” hay “every time” để diễn đạt một hành động mang tính thói quen hay lặp lại Ví dụ:
Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at Dick’s We take a hike every time
he visits
Trang 3Whenever/Every time Susan feels nervous, she chews her nails
11 The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time: The first, second, third,
fourth etc., next, last time means “that specific time” We can use these forms to be more specific about which time of a number of times something happened Các cụm
từ trên dùng để diễn đạt “thời điểm cụ thể xác định” Ví dụ:
The first time I went to New York, I was intimidated by the city
I saw Jack the last time I went to San Francisco
The second time I played tennis, I began to have fun
12 Punctuation: Dấu câu
When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses
Ta dùng dấu phẩy “,” để tách mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian với mệnh đề chính khi mệnh đề chỉ thời gian được đặt ở đầu câu, và bỏ dấu “,” trong trường hợp ngược lại
- When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two
clauses
e.g As soon as he arrives, we will have some lunch
When we came, they were playing cards While he was walking in the park, he met Anh.
- When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma e.g He gave me a call when he arrived in town We will wait here until she comes back.
She has been living in this city since she was born.
- The time in the sentence is future but we use a present tense
e.g Wait here until I come back When she arrives, I will tell her to phone you.
We will start as soon as the weather turns fine.
- We can also use the present perfect tense after: when/after/as soon as/until or till
e.g Can I borrow that book when you have finished it?
But it is often possible to use the present tense or the present perfect tense
e.g I will come as soon as I finish Or I will come as soon as I have finished
BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Exercise 1 Put the verbs in brackets into correct tense.
1 How long do you want me to heat the oil? –heat it till it (begin) to smoke
2 How long are you going to stay here? – I’m going to stay here until my brother (finish) his exams
3 When I (get) to the cinema, the film (start)
4 By the time you (read) this book, your meal will get cold
5 Please tell me how to get to the hospital? - Go till you (come) to a square with a statue in the middle; then turn left and you (find) it on your right
6 I (read) book while my sister (do) her homework
7 When he (come), I (watch) a football match on TV
8 When I (walk) down the street, I (see) her
9 We will go with him as soon as we (finish) the task
10 I (learn) English since I (be) six years old
11 When we (see) them last night, they (sing) They (say) they (sing) since 6 o’clock
12 I hope it (not rain) when the bride (leave) the church tomorrow
13 In a few minutes” time, when the clock (strike) six, I (wait) here for 3 hours
Trang 414 John (do) the test again at the moment because he (not pass) it the first time
15 I wish I (listen) to your advice last night When I (be) able to leave hospital,
doctor?
16 I will stay with you until your mother (come) home
17 After he had got the money, he (leave) home immediately
18 When he (arrive), he will tell us the truth
19 Mary was dancing while John (sing)
20 The train left as we (arrive)
Exercise 2 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 The little girl wouldn't go into the sea _ her father went to
A except B but C also D unless
2 The ceiling is
A too high for me to reach B too high for me to reach it
C so high for me reaching D enough high of me to reaching
3 other workers’ constant objection, the director dismissed the workers
A Because B Because of C Although D In spite of
4 “I tried to study English well I want to get a good job.” means
A I tried to study English well so that I can get a good job
B I tried to study English well in order that I can get a good job
C I tried to study English well to get a good job
D all are correct
5 some scientists use lasers for military purposes, others use them in
medicine
A When B While C Until D However
6 It seems those students haven’t learnt this grammar point before
A so that B as if C such that D even though
7 You will become ill _ you stop working so hard
A until B if C unless D when
8 She remembered the correct address only _ she had posted the letter
A since B following C after D afterwards
9 He goes to England
A so that he learns English B so that he may learn English
C so to learn English D so he learns English
10 She hid the present
A so that the children wouldn’t find it B in order to the children not to find it
C for the children not find it D in order that the children not to find
it
11 The teacher was explaining the lesson slowly and clearly
A to make his students to understand it
B in order that his students can understand it
C so as to that his students could understand it
D so that his students could understand it
12 They are
A so lazy boys as they are punished B so lazy boys that they are punished
C such lazy boys that they are punished D such lazy that they are punished
Trang 513. _ I ask him for the money he owes me, he says he will bring it in a few days, but I don't think he has got it at all
A However B Wherever C Whatever D Whenever
14 It was too late
A to go for them to the party B for them to go to the party
C because they go to the party D so they go to the party
15 Cindy is sick She can’t go to work
A Cindy is too sick to go to work B Cindy is sick enough to go to work
C Cindy is such sick that she can’t go to work D Cindy is sick so that she can’t
go to work
16 The boy always does his homework before class
A so as not to be punished by the teacher B so as to be punished by the teacher
C so that not to be punished by the teacher D in order that not to be
punished by the teacher
17 “They whispered They didn’t want anyone to hear them.” means
A They whispered in order to make anyone hear them
B They whispered so that no one could hear them
C They whispered to make everyone hear them
D They whispered in order that make everyone hear them
18 The party, _ I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable
A to which B at which C for which D by which
19 He retired early _ ill health
A in front of B ahead of C on account of D on behalf of
20 It's long time since he last saw his brothers and sisters
Exercise 3 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 I am going to speak with the boss when the meeting
A will end B ends C is ending D would end
2 When we _ him tomorrow, we will remind him of that
A will see B see C am seeing D saw
3 When he comes, I _ her the news
A tell B will tell C would tell D would have told
4 When the police came, they _
A are fighting B fought C be fighting D were fighting
5 Before she came to England, she _ English
A studied B will study C had studied D was studying
6 I have lost touch with him _ He left for London
A as soon as B after C before D since
7 My mother is washing the dishes _ my father is watching television
A when B while C as D since
8 Lan has learnt English since she _ a small girl
A is B was C has been D had been
9 Don’t go anywhere until I _ back
A come B came C will come D am coming
10 Before cars _, people _ horses and bicycles
A were discovered/ had used B discovering/ had used
Trang 6C had discovered/ used D discovered/ had used
11 , I will give him the report
A When he will return B When he returns C Until he will return D No sooner he returns
12 the firemen arrived to help, we had already put out the fire
A Until B No sooner C By the time D After
13 I have earned my own living I was seven
A since B when C while D as soon as
14 the dance, Jerry said good-bye to his girlfriend
A Before left B Before he leaves C Before leaving D Before he will leave
15 Jones after everyone
A speaks / will eat B will speak / has eaten C is speaking / eats D has spoken / will have eaten
16 , Joe stays in bed and reads magazines
A Whenever raining B As it will be raining C When it will rain D Whenever it rains
17 in Rome than he was kidnapped
A No sooner he arrived B Had he no sooner arrived
C No sooner had he arrived D No sooner he had arrived
18 We saw many beautiful birds in the lake
A when we are fishing B while fishing C while fished
D fishing
19 , Peter came to see me
A While having dinner B While I was having dinner
having dinner
20 my homework, I went to bed
A After I had finished B After finished C Finished
D After had finished
Exercise 4 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 I came to this country, I couldn't speak a word of English
A Since B After C When D Before
2 I'll let you know I come back
A though B since C because D before
3 They left the house saying good-bye to their mother
A before B after C during D in
4 We will wait here he comes back
A while B until C before D after
5 Mozart could write music he was only five
A because B although C when D however
6 Peter gets here, we will congratulate him
A As soon as B After C No sooner D Since
7 Mrs Pike the door before the customers arrived
Trang 7A had opened B will open C would open D has open
8 After Mariana her exam, her out to eat
A was finishing/ would take B finished/ had taken
C will finish/ have taken D has finished/ will take
9 Mary will have finished all her work
A as soon as her boss returned B until her boss will return
C by the time her boss returns D when he-r boss will return
10 She went on crying, with her head sunk into a pillow, and cried and cried _ the pillow was wet through
A before B after C until D while
11 He cleaned his shoes they shone
A when B after C while D until
12 I had no sooner lit the barbecue _ it started to rain
A as B while C than D that
13 I will wait he comes
A however B until C so that D in spite of
14 You should give the iron time to heat up you iron your clothes
A because B so that C even though D before
15 When the paint it'll change from a light to a deep red
A dry B dries C dried D will dry
16 When older I'd love to be an artist
A I'm B I'll be C was D have been
17 you finish typing that report make five copies of it and give it to aloof the officers
A While B When C But D Although
18 When the passenger , will you please give him this package?
A will arrive B arrives C would arrives D arriving
19 They were playing in the garden when
A they have heard a scream B they were hearing a scream
C they heard a scream D they had heard a scream
20 By the time he retires, he $20,000
A will save B has saved C had saved D will have saved
Exercise 5 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 Mark heard the news on the radio he was driving home
A while B as C until D A and B
2 What are you going to do graduating from university?
A before B after C so D because
3 I am not so good at English, I have to practice more
A but B so C while D despite
4 the fact that she fail the exam, she didn’t look disappointed
A although B despite C in spite of D because of
5 We didn’t go to France last summer we couldn’t afford to
A so B when C because D because of
6 You can’t drive a car you have a license
A unless B so C in case D if
7 the flight delay, they didn’t attend the conference
Trang 8A Because B As C Although D Because of
8 The storm was so strong all the crops were destroyed
A However B As a result C Consequently D B and C
9 Everyone thought she would accept the offer , she turned it down
A However B So C Too D Moreover
10 You should look up the meaning of the new words in the dictionary misuse it
A so as to B to C so as not to D so that
11 I bought this new software Chinese
A for learning B learning C to learn D learned
12 The flight from New York to London was delayed the heavy fog
A because of B because C so D as a result
13 It’s city that he’s got lost
A a such big B such big C such a big D a very big
14 There are in the universe that we cannot count them
A so much stars B so many stars C such stars many D such stars much
15 He has to do that he can’t go to the cinema with us
A so much work B so many work C such much work D such a work
16 It is book that just a few people like it
A so an old B so old C such old D such an old
17 The satellite travel into space that nobody could see it with naked eyes
A so far B such far C too far D far enough
18 the bad weather, the plan landed safely
A in spite B in spite of C despite the fact that D though
19 It was that we went for a walk
A a beautiful weather B so a beautiful night C so nice weather
D such a nice weather
20 He lighted the candle he might read the note
A so that B and C because D as a result
Exercise 6 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the
preceding sentence.
1 Fail to pay the bill they will cut off the electricity
2 It is such an important matter I can’t decide anything about it myself
3 He hid that letter in a drawer no one could read it
A so that B because C although D than
4 Tom was unable to see anything, he knew someone was in his room
A Because B In case C If D Even though
5 other workers’ constant objection, the director dismissed the workers
A Because B Because of C Although D In spite of
6 some scientists use lasers for military purposes, others use them in
medicine
A When B While C Until D However
7 It seems those students haven’t learnt this grammar point before
A so that B as if C such that D even though
8 They were disqualified they fought to the last minute
Trang 99 The teacher explained the lesson twice the students understood it clearly.
A as long as B so that C because D as if
10 She didn’t participate in the contest her lack of confidence
A because B because of C since D despite
11 It is that I have read it twice
A such an interesting book B so interesting a book C too interesting
12 Lili is to do this exercise
A no intelligence enough B not intelligent enough
C not enough intelligent D so intelligent enough
13 I am a car
A not rich enough to buy B too rich enough to buy C too poor to
14 The ceiling is
A too high for me to reach B too high for me
to reach it
C so high for me reaching D enough high of
me to reaching
15 The woman was so beautiful
A that I couldn’t help looking at B that I couldn’t help looking at her
C for me looking at her D that for me to look at
16 It is that I would like to go to the beach
A such a nice weather B too nice weather C such nice
weather D such weather nice
17 These are that I can’t finish them
A a such long assignments B such long
assignments
C such a long assignments D too long
assignments
18 He goes to England
A so that he learns English B so that he may learn English
C so to learn English D so he learns English
19 It was too late
A to go for them to the party B for them to go to the party
C because they go to the party D so they go to the party
20 Cindy is very sick She can’t go to work
A Cindy is too sick to go to work B Cindy is sick enough to go to work
C Cindy is such sick that she can’t go to work D Cindy is sick so that she can’t go to work