Người học tiếng Anh thường gặp khó khan để ghi nhớ và sử dụng thành thạo các giới từ trong tiếng Anh vì họ thường xuyên phải phân vân; - ở trường hợp nào thì một giới từ được đòi hỏi, -
Trang 1BÀI 6 PREPOSITIONS - GIỚI TỪ
I Introductions: Learners of English usually find it hard to remember and confidently
use prepositions as they have two main following problems to solve when dealing with prepositions:
- whether in any construction a preposition is required or not
- which preposition to use when one is required
Students often have trouble because a certain construction in their mother tongue requires a preposition, whereas a similar one in English does not
In English, prepositions are words normally placed before nouns or pronouns or gerunds, and are used to form adverbial phrases of time, place, reason, result, concession, condition, etc
Người học tiếng Anh thường gặp khó khan để ghi nhớ và sử dụng thành thạo các giới
từ trong tiếng Anh vì họ thường xuyên phải phân vân;
- ở trường hợp nào thì một giới từ được đòi hỏi,
- trong một trường hợp cần giới từ thì ta phải dùng giới từ cụ thể nào
Người học gặp rắc rối khi dùng giới từ cũng là bởi có sự khác biệt giữa ngôn ngữ bản
xứ của họ với tiếng Anh trong các trường hợp sử dụng giới từ
Trong tiếng Anh, giới từ là những từ đi trước các danh từ, đại từ, danh động từ, và dùng
để cấu tạo các cụm trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, nguyên nhân,kết quả, sự nhượng
bộ, điều kiện,…
Trên thực tế, trong tiếng Anh, chức năng của các giới từ thay đổi phụ thuộc vào ngữ cảnh của lời nói, một giới từ sẽ có nhiều nghĩa khác nhau, chức năng khác nhau khi được đặt trong các cụm từ khác nhau Trong cuốn tài liệu này giới từ chỉ được giới thiệu với mục đích ôn tập cho kì thi THPT Quốc Gia
II The use of some prepositions: Cách sử dụng của một số giới từ
1 Prepositions of time: Giới từ chỉ thời gian
* at: dùng cho các thời điểm trong ngày, một kì nghỉ
e.g at five at eleven at night
at noon at Christmas at dawn
* in/ during/ for: dùng cho khoảng thời gian
e.g in the morning/ afternoon/ evening in the past/ future
during the 19th century during the war
* on: dùng cho các ngày, thứ
e.g on Sunday on Monday night on Semtember 5th, 2015
* by/ before/ after/ since/ until: dùng như sau
e.g by this time tomorrow by noon
2 Prepositions of place and movement: Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn và sự vận động
* in: dùng cho các địa điểm
e.g The radio is in the living-room He lives in the center of the city
* on: dùng để chỉ ở trên bề mặt
e.g The toys are on the floor The map is on the wall
* at: dùng để chỉ ở gần hay hiện diện ở đâu đó
e.g She is at the station now Lan is at the hairdresser’s
* into: dùng cho sự hướng vào trong
Trang 2e.g He went into the living-room He walked into the theatre.
* onto: dùng cho sự hướng lên trên bề mặt
e.g The cat jumped onto the table
* out of: dùng cho sự hướng ra ngoài e.g The man jumped out
of the car
* off: dùng chỉ sự hướng ra ngoài e.g He knocked the glass of the table
* above/ over: dùng chỉ sự hướng lên trên
e.g The ceiling is above our heads The helicopter was flying over the buildings
* below/ under: dùng chỉ sự hướng xuống dưới
e.g Do the tasks below the passage She hid her hat under the table
* through: qua, suốt, xuyên suốt
e.g Through the investigation, the police came to a conclusion
We kept in touch through time
* along: dọc theo
e.g The lovers walked along the river They went along the street to find my flat
* beside/ by/ next to/ near: gần
e.g He sat beside the dustbin They live next to the store
She sat by the window Ha lived near the church
* between: giữa e.g The T.V set was between the table and the bed
* opposite: đối diện
e.g Lan’s house is opposite the bank The bank is opposite the bookstore
* in front of: đằng trước của
e.g The theatre was in front of the bank The stadium is in front of the bookstore
* to/ towards: hướng về phía
e.g To the left of the house, there’s a well To the right of the house, there’s a garage
We walked towards the end of the road
3 Prepositions that go with verbs, nouns, and adjectives: Giới từ đi với
động từ, danh từ, tính từ Phần kiến thức này sẽ được trình bày kĩ ở bài Gerunds (danh động từ)
* Verbs – prepositions: Giới từ đi với động từ
e.g He looked at his nephew She talked to a stranger
He insisted on going out
* Nouns – prepositions: Giới từ đi với danh từ
e.g He put a lot into his bank account She had a choice of studying abroad
He had difficulty in persuading his fiancé
* Adjectives – prepositions: Giới từ đi với tính từ
e.g He was surprised at what I said to him She was afraid of talking with a stranger
He was keen on playing video games
BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH
Trang 3Exercise 1: In the following sentences, supply the suitable preposition to each of the
gaps.
1 We give each other presents _ Christmas
2 Don’t sit _ the floor
3 I’m going away _ the end of January
4 I met Tom _ the street yesterday
5 They sent me a cheque _ $ 50
6 There has been some decrease _ military spending this year
7 Nobody knows what the cause _ the explosion was
8 Do you think we’ll find a solution _ this problem?
9 Have you ever read any books _ Mark Twain?
10 It’s unreasonable _ you to expect her to love you at first sight
11 They were furious _ me _ not inviting them to the party
12 Were you disappointed _ your examination results?
13 Everybody was shocked _ the news
14 She is scared _ going out alone
15 I’m not ashamed _ what I did
Exercise 2: In the following sentences, supply the suitable preposition to each of the
gaps.
1 My sister won’t have dinner _ 11.30 p.m
2 She is engaged _ an American
3 Who was responsible _ all the noise last night?
4 Your writing is similar _ mine
5 Ann wasn’t keen _ going out in the rain
6 The city centre was crowded _ tourists
7 I always try my best to get along _ other officers
8 Why don’t you apply _ a position in that company?
9 He is very selfish He doesn’t care _ other people
10 Don’t look out of the window Concentrate _ your work!
11 He lost control of the car and crashed _ a wall
12 He was the sort of person that you could depend _
13 Did you hear _ the fight in the club on Saturday night?
14 She’s very old She needs someone to look _ her
15 He often dreams _ travelling to America
Exercise 3: In the following sentences, supply the suitable preposition to each of the
gaps.
1 I didn’t have enough money to pay _ the meal
2 He has sufered _ lung cancer for ages
3 He shouted _ from the other side of the street
4 The police are searching _ the escaped prisoner
5 That’s a good idea Why didn’t I think _ that?
6 How much did you have to pay _ the meal?
7 Do you always go _ school foot?
8 My office is next _ newsagent so I buy magazines almost every day
9 Children don’t want to be door, they want to stay in to watch T.V
10 _ no doubt, whales are the biggest mammal on Earth
11 The firefighters have been strike for more than three days
Trang 412 When I saw him, I was _ a group of friends _ the corner of the club
13 I have got an appointment _ the optician’s
14 In the end, they fell love and lived happily ever after
15 During the show, a crazy fan jumped _ the stage and kissed the singer
Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each
of the incomplete sentences below.
1 Many people are not interested reading books as much as seeing films
2 We spend more time watching TV than reading books But fact TV has not kill reading
3 Books are a wonderful source knowledge and pleasure
4 Although he hadn't spoken French for many years, he picked it again after a few weeks
A over B on C through D up
5 the start of each period, both teams line up on their own goal line
6 Helen is very excited _ going to work in Germany
A about B for C with D to
7 A water polo ball is constructed of waterproof material to allow it to float _ the water
8 There are six field player positions and a goalkeeper each team
9 Pay more attention _ picture and you can find out who is the robber
10 She looked _ me, smiling happily and confidently
A on B over C forward to D at
11 We have to apply efective measures to save many plant and animal species extinction
12 They said that the blue cheese was very tasty, but the smell put me _
13 Over-exploitation for food, pets, and medicine, pollution, and disease are recognized _ a serious threat extinction
A as/ of B to/ for C over/ with D upon/ at
14 _ entering the hall, he found everyone waiting for him
15 Clearing forests for timber has resulted _ the loss of biodiversity
16 Once you have started something, you ought to see it to the end
17 Which subject is this book ?
18 We are no obligation to change goods which were not purchased here
A to B with C at D under
Trang 519 Francis Bacon lived about the same time as Shakespeare.
20 Nothing _ the ordinary ever happens here
A about B out of C from D within
Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each
of the incomplete sentences below.
1 People enjoy a book diferent ways
2 the time you get to the theater, the play will have finished
3 The meeting has been brought _ to Monday due to the seriousness of the situation
4 It is important students to read as many books as possible
5 She is traveling to Germany tomorrow on her first working trip and she is very excited it
A for B against C about D with
6 Do you feel I was too friendly the applicants
7 Who does the book belong ?
8 I finished my homework a few days ahead _ the deadline
9 He picked the book and turned page after page
10 Some people never set to become rich and famous
A up B out C of D across
11 _ defense, the players work to regain possession of the ball and prevent
a goal
12 Players can move the ball by throwing it _ a teammate or swimming while pushing the ball in front of them
13 It was really kind you to help those poor people
14 Shots usually succeed when the goalie is out _ position
15 That afternoon Joe Cole was the most popular player the field
16 If you have ever watched television, you have seen plenty drug ads
17 He turned the ofer of a new job and stayed with his present employer
A up B down C out D of
18 The space shuttle crashed and went _ in flames
19 Hoi An is famous _ its old streets
Trang 620 Elevators in tall building make the top floors accessible _ everybody.
Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each
of the incomplete sentences below.
1 The Context which you learn something can afect how well you
remember it
2 While I am waiting _ my bus, I often listen _ music
A on/ at B for/ to C toward/ about D upon/ in
3 A very nice painting is hung the wall in our classroom
4 Those space-crafts are used _ taking photographs space
A about/ through B for/ in C of/ at D in/ of
5 I believe that judges should be independent _ the government
6 Will you take care _ my little dog when I am _ business?
A through/ away B about/ at C for/ over D of/ on
7 You can learn to move information from your short-term memory _ your long-term memory
8 According _ Bill, there's something wrong _ my computer
A after/ for B on/ about C to/ with D upon/ at
9 - Jenny: “John got married again.” - Tommy: “Really? Who ?”
10 He depends _ his sister _ assistance
A to/ from B from/ in C on/ for D at/ with
11 What kind of sport one chooses to play mostly depends _ his preference and health
12 Too many factories dispose their waste by pumping it into rivers and the sea
A out B of C away D of
13 Most referees often wears _ black
14 In water polo game, only the goalie can hold the ball _ two hands
15 Don't count your chickens they are hatched."
A after B since C while D before
16 Probability of extinction depends both the population size and fine details of the population demography
17 Many modern medicines are derived plants and animals
18 Traveling to Paris air is quicker than driving
19 15,589 species (7,266 animal species and 8,323 plant species) are now considered _ risk _ extinction
A at / of B on / in C for / with D in / at
Trang 720 Contamination and global warming have driven many species of animals and plants _ the threat of extinction
Exercise 7: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each
of the incomplete sentences below.
1 Drivers should slow _ on this road because it is slippery after rains
2 Pollution has bad efect _ our life
3 Before you light _ a cigarette, remember to ask for permission
4 It’s very kind _ you to ofer us a lovely dinner
5 The woman was pale and weak because _ the lack _ fresh air
A for/ on B on/ for C of/ of D of/ for
7 I’m not good _ English I think I should spend more time _ it
A in/ at B at/ on C at/ in D on/ at
8 An umbrella is what I need now, it’s raining I’ll give it _ tomorrow
9 I couldn’t find any place to go _ holiday
10 I’m fed _ doing the same work every day
A out of B forward to C on to D up with
11 Have you ever thought _ giving up smoking?
12 If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you should look it _ in the dictionary
13 She has tried _ several shoes but she can’t find suitable ones
14 The party begin at 7 o’clock and I’ll pick you _ at 6:30
15 I come _ an ancient city, sometimes referred _ as the Athens of the North
A on/ as B up/ to C over/ to D from/ to
16 The house is _ fire Please call _ help!
A at/ to B for/ at C on/ for D up/ for
17 An apple stand _ the New York State
18 She keeps _ complaining _ the weather
A in/ of B on/ about C out/ about D on/ in
19 Some pessimistic persons think that the world’s resources will run _ in some day
20 Let’s get acquainted _ the newcomer
Exercise 8: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each
of the incomplete sentences below.
Trang 81 We don’t have time to think it _.
2 I object _ being kept waiting Why can’t you be _ time?
A at/ in B for/ in C to/ on D at/ on
3 You aren’t aware _ the time, are you ? You are always late _ work
A of/ for B for/ of C on/ at D on/ for
4 If someone knocks _ the door _ night, don’t open it
A on/ at B at/ at C up/ in D at/ on
5 Everything is available _ the operation
6 He is very keen _ English, but he is not good _ listening
A at/ on B on/ at C at/ at D to/ of
7 Your hairstyle is quite similar _ me
8 Nguyen Du devoted all his lifetime _ writing
9 I bought a coat _ my mother _ the supermarket
A from/ for B for/ at C for/ from D for/ in
10 She was very surprised _ the grade she received
11 We might need more food, depending _ how many people turn up
12 Jane doesn’t spend much money _ clothes
13 A sign warned motorists _ dangers
14 They translated the letter _ French
15 Since she graduated, Anne has no longer been dependent _ her parents for financial support
16 Catherine became accustomed _ spicy foods when she was traveling
17 Table salt is composed _ two elements, sodium and chlorine
18 Washington state is famous _ its apples
19 People who are afraid _ heights are called acrophobias
20 Water is essential _ all life