CHUYÊN ĐỀ GIỚI TỪ TIẾNG ANH

CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 BÀI PREPOSITIONS - GIỚI TỪ I Introductions: Learners of English usually find it hard to remember and confidently use prepositions as they have two main following problems to solve when dealing with prepositions: - whether in any construction a preposition is required or not - which preposition to use when one is required Students often have trouble because a certain construction in their mother tongue requires a preposition, whereas a similar one in English does not In English, prepositions are words normally placed before nouns or pronouns or gerunds, and are used to form adverbial phrases of time, place, reason, result, concession, condition, etc Người học tiếng Anh thường gặp khó khan để ghi nhớ sử dụng thành thạo giới từ tiếng Anh họ thường xuyên phải phân vân; - trường hợp giới từ đòi hỏi, - trường hợp cần giới từ ta phải dùng giới từ cụ thể Người học gặp rắc rối dùng giới từ có khác biệt ngôn ngữ xứ họ với tiếng Anh trường hợp sử dụng giới từ Trong tiếng Anh, giới từ từ trước danh từ, đại từ, danh động từ, dùng để cấu tạo cụm trạng ngữ thời gian, nơi chốn, nguyên nhân,kết quả, nhượng bộ, điều kiện,… Trên thực tế, tiếng Anh, chức giới từ thay đổi phụ thuộc vào ngữ cảnh lời nói, giới từ có nhiều nghĩa khác nhau, chức khác đặt cụm từ khác Trong tài liệu giới từ giới thiệu với mục đích ôn tập cho kì thi THPT Quốc Gia II The use of some prepositions: Cách sử dụng số giới từ Prepositions of time: Giới từ thời gian * at: dùng cho thời điểm ngày, kì nghỉ e.g at five at eleven at night at noon at Christmas at dawn * in/ during/ for: dùng cho khoảng thời gian e.g in the morning/ afternoon/ evening in the past/ future during the 19th century during the war for ten days for a week * on: dùng cho ngày, thứ e.g on Sunday on Monday night on Semtember 5th, 2015 * by/ before/ after/ since/ until: dùng sau e.g by this time tomorrow by noon before 9.00 before the deadline after work after midnight since dawn since last Tuesday until lunch-time until 1980 Prepositions of place and movement: Giới từ nơi chốn vận động * in: dùng cho địa điểm e.g The radio is in the living-room He lives in the center of the city * on: dùng để bề mặt e.g The toys are on the floor The map is on the wall * at: dùng để gần hay diện e.g She is at the station now Lan is at the hairdresser’s * into: dùng cho hướng vào Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 1/ PREPOSITIONS CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 e.g He went into the living-room He walked into the theatre * onto: dùng cho hướng lên bề mặt e.g The cat jumped onto the table * out of: dùng cho hướng e.g The man jumped out of the car * off: dùng hướng e.g He knocked the glass of the table * above/ over: dùng hướng lên e.g The ceiling is above our heads The helicopter was flying over the buildings * below/ under: dùng hướng xuống e.g Do the tasks below the passage She hid her hat under the table * through: qua, suốt, xuyên suốt e.g Through the investigation, the police came to a conclusion We kept in touch through time * along: dọc theo e.g The lovers walked along the river They went along the street to find my flat * beside/ by/ next to/ near: gần e.g He sat beside the dustbin They live next to the store She sat by the window Ha lived near the church * between: e.g The T.V set was between the table and the bed * opposite: đối diện e.g Lan’s house is opposite the bank The bank is opposite the bookstore * in front of: đằng trước e.g The theatre was in front of the bank The stadium is in front of the bookstore * to/ towards: hướng phía e.g To the left of the house, there’s a well To the right of the house, there’s a garage We walked towards the end of the road Prepositions that go with verbs, nouns, and adjectives: Giới từ với động từ, danh từ, tính từ Phần kiến thức trình bày kĩ Gerunds (danh động từ) * Verbs – prepositions: Giới từ với động từ e.g He looked at his nephew She talked to a stranger He insisted on going out * Nouns – prepositions: Giới từ với danh từ e.g He put a lot into his bank account She had a choice of studying abroad He had difficulty in persuading his fiancé * Adjectives – prepositions: Giới từ với tính từ e.g He was surprised at what I said to him She was afraid of talking with a stranger He was keen on playing video games BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 2/ PREPOSITIONS CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 Exercise 1: In the following sentences, supply the suitable preposition to each of the gaps We give each other presents _ Christmas Don’t sit _ the floor I’m going away _ the end of January I met Tom _ the street yesterday They sent me a cheque _ $ 50 There has been some decrease _ military spending this year Nobody knows what the cause _ the explosion was Do you think we’ll find a solution _ this problem? Have you ever read any books _ Mark Twain? 10 It’s unreasonable _ you to expect her to love you at first sight 11 They were furious _ me _ not inviting them to the party 12 Were you disappointed _ your examination results? 13 Everybody was shocked _ the news 14 She is scared _ going out alone 15 I’m not ashamed _ what I did Exercise 2: In the following sentences, supply the suitable preposition to each of the gaps My sister won’t have dinner _ 11.30 p.m She is engaged _ an American Who was responsible _ all the noise last night? Your writing is similar _ mine Ann wasn’t keen _ going out in the rain The city centre was crowded _ tourists I always try my best to get along _ other officers Why don’t you apply _ a position in that company? He is very selfish He doesn’t care _ other people 10 Don’t look out of the window Concentrate _ your work! 11 He lost control of the car and crashed _ a wall 12 He was the sort of person that you could depend _ 13 Did you hear _ the fight in the club on Saturday night? 14 She’s very old She needs someone to look _ her 15 He often dreams _ travelling to America Exercise 3: In the following sentences, supply the suitable preposition to each of the gaps I didn’t have enough money to pay _ the meal He has sufered _ lung cancer for ages He shouted _ from the other side of the street The police are searching _ the escaped prisoner That’s a good idea Why didn’t I think _ that? How much did you have to pay _ the meal? Do you always go _ school foot? My office is next _ newsagent so I buy magazines almost every day Children don’t want to be door, they want to stay in to watch T.V 10 _ no doubt, whales are the biggest mammal on Earth 11 The firefighters have been strike for more than three days Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 3/ PREPOSITIONS CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 12 When I saw him, I was _ a group of friends _ the corner of the club 13 I have got an appointment _ the optician’s 14 In the end, they fell love and lived happily ever after 15 During the show, a crazy fan jumped _ the stage and kissed the singer Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below Many people are not interested reading books as much as seeing films A in B with C for D about We spend more time watching TV than reading books But fact TV has not kill reading A for B upon C at D in Books are a wonderful source knowledge and pleasure A with B of C in D about Although he hadn't spoken French for many years, he picked it again after a few weeks A over B on C through D up the start of each period, both teams line up on their own goal line A In B For C From D At Helen is very excited _ going to work in Germany A about B for C with D to A water polo ball is constructed of waterproof material to allow it to float _ the water A upon B over C above D on There are six field player positions and a goalkeeper each team A on B with C from D for Pay more attention _ picture and you can find out who is the robber A to B for C at D on 10 She looked _ me, smiling happily and confidently A on B over C forward to D at 11 We have to apply efective measures to save many plant and animal species extinction A from B in C for D on 12 They said that the blue cheese was very tasty, but the smell put me _ A of B in C to D of 13 Over-exploitation for food, pets, and medicine, pollution, and disease are recognized _ a serious threat extinction A as/ of B to/ for C over/ with D upon/ at 14 _ entering the hall, he found everyone waiting for him A With B On C At D During 15 Clearing forests for timber has resulted _ the loss of biodiversity A with B at C in D for 16 Once you have started something, you ought to see it to the end A to B through C for D in 17 Which subject is this book ? A for B on C of D up 18 We are no obligation to change goods which were not purchased here A to B with C at D under Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 4/ PREPOSITIONS CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 19 Francis Bacon lived about the same time as Shakespeare A at B for C in D over 20 Nothing _ the ordinary ever happens here A about B out of C from D within Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below People enjoy a book diferent ways A on B with C upon D in the time you get to the theater, the play will have finished A Until B In C By D on The meeting has been brought _ to Monday due to the seriousness of the situation A on B out C down D forward It is important students to read as many books as possible A up B about C to D for She is traveling to Germany tomorrow on her first working trip and she is very excited it A for B against C about D with Do you feel I was too friendly the applicants A with B at C on D across Who does the book belong ? A for B to C on D through I finished my homework a few days ahead _ the deadline A of B to C by D at He picked the book and turned page after page A up B on C away D in 10 Some people never set to become rich and famous A up B out C of D across 11 _ defense, the players work to regain possession of the ball and prevent a goal A About B Over C Without D On 12 Players can move the ball by throwing it _ a teammate or swimming while pushing the ball in front of them A for B into C to D from 13 It was really kind you to help those poor people A by B of C at D to 14 Shots usually succeed when the goalie is out _ position A into B for C of D of 15 That afternoon Joe Cole was the most popular player the field A on B with C among D for 16 If you have ever watched television, you have seen plenty drug ads A with B of C for D about 17 He turned the ofer of a new job and stayed with his present employer A up B down C out D of 18 The space shuttle crashed and went _ in flames A of B for C over D of 19 Hoi An is famous _ its old streets A for B of C to D about Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 5/ PREPOSITIONS CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 20 Elevators in tall building make the top floors accessible _ everybody A to B with C about D at Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below The Context which you learn something can afect how well you remember it A of B for C to D in While I am waiting _ my bus, I often listen _ music A on/ at B for/ to C toward/ about D upon/ in A very nice painting is the wall in our classroom A on B over C at D above Those space-crafts are used _ taking photographs space A about/ through B for/ in C of/ at D in/ of I believe that judges should be independent _ the government A to B from C with D on Will you take care _ my little dog when I am _ business? A through/ away B about/ at C for/ over D of/ on You can learn to move information from your short-term memory _ your long-term memory A by B with C in D to According _ Bill, there's something wrong _ my computer A after/ for B on/ about C to/ with D upon/ at - Jenny: “John got married again.” - Tommy: “Really? Who ?” A with B at C to D about 10 He depends _ his sister _ assistance A to/ from B from/ in C on/ for D at/ with 11 What kind of sport one chooses to play mostly depends _ his preference and health A with B for C in D on 12 Too many factories dispose their waste by pumping it into rivers and the sea A out B of C away D of 13 Most referees often wears _ black A in B for C with D on 14 In water polo game, only the goalie can hold the ball _ two hands A at B in C with D from 15 Don't count your chickens they are hatched." A after B since C while D before 16 Probability of extinction depends both the population size and fine details of the population demography A on B in C from D for 17 Many modern medicines are derived plants and animals A on B for C from D in 18 Traveling to Paris air is quicker than driving A by B on C over D through 19 15,589 species (7,266 animal species and 8,323 plant species) are now considered _ risk _ extinction A at / of B on / in C for / with D in / at Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 6/ PREPOSITIONS CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 20 Contamination and global warming have driven many species of animals and plants _ the threat of extinction A for B to C with D on Exercise 7: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below Drivers should slow _ on this road because it is slippery after rains A on B down C up D to Pollution has bad efect _ our life A of B to C with D on Before you light _ a cigarette, remember to ask for permission A up B down C on D of It’s very kind _ you to ofer us a lovely dinner A of B from C for D to The woman was pale and weak because _ the lack _ fresh air A for/ on B on/ for C of/ of D of/ for I’m not good _ English I think I should spend more time _ it A in/ at B at/ on C at/ in D on/ at An umbrella is what I need now, it’s raining I’ll give it _ tomorrow A up B away C back D over I couldn’t find any place to go _ holiday A at B for C up D on 10 I’m fed _ doing the same work every day A out of B forward to C on to D up with 11 Have you ever thought _ giving up smoking? A over B of C on D at 12 If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you should look it _ in the dictionary A out B in C up D on 13 She has tried _ several shoes but she can’t find suitable ones A at B in C out D on 14 The party begin at o’clock and I’ll pick you _ at 6:30 A on B up C away D of 15 I come _ an ancient city, sometimes referred _ as the Athens of the North A on/ as B up/ to C over/ to D from/ to 16 The house is _ fire Please call _ help! A at/ to B for/ at C on/ for D up/ for 17 An apple stand _ the New York State A for B on C up D at 18 She keeps _ complaining _ the weather A in/ of B on/ about C out/ about D on/ in 19 Some pessimistic persons think that the world’s resources will run _ in some day A of B of C out D on 20 Let’s get acquainted _ the newcomer A to B of C with D about Exercise 8: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 7/ PREPOSITIONS CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 We don’t have time to think it _ A on B up C out D over I object _ being kept waiting Why can’t you be _ time? A at/ in B for/ in C to/ on D at/ on You aren’t aware _ the time, are you ? You are always late _ work A of/ for B for/ of C on/ at D on/ for If someone knocks _ the door _ night, don’t open it A on/ at B at/ at C up/ in D at/ on Everything is available _ the operation A of B on C from D for He is very keen _ English, but he is not good _ listening A at/ on B on/ at C at/ at D to/ of Your hairstyle is quite similar _ me A from B with C of D to Nguyen Du devoted all his lifetime _ writing A for B to C in D from I bought a coat _ my mother _ the supermarket A from/ for B for/ at C for/ from D for/ in 10 She was very surprised _ the grade she received A at B on C of D about 11 We might need more food, depending _ how many people turn up A for B on C at D with 12 Jane doesn’t spend much money _ clothes A over B about C at D on 13 A sign warned motorists _ dangers A of B for C about D A and C 14 They translated the letter _ French A for B with C into D about 15 Since she graduated, Anne has no longer been dependent _ her parents for financial support A to B on C upon D B and C 16 Catherine became accustomed _ spicy foods when she was traveling A to B on C for D about 17 Table salt is composed _ two elements, sodium and chlorine A to B around C of D for 18 Washington state is famous _ its apples A in B for C of D with 19 People who are afraid _ heights are called acrophobias A of B on C in D to 20 Water is essential _ all life A on B for C in D with Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 8/ PREPOSITIONS