CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11 GIỚI TỪ (PREPOSITIONS) * PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT A Definition Giới từ từ hay cụm từ thường dùng trước danh từ hay đại từ để mối liên hệ từ với thành phần khác câu B Kinds of prepositions I PREPOSITIONS OF TIME: (Giới từ thời gian) • On On Sunday (morning) / 25th April / New Year’s Day … On holiday / business / duty / a trip / an excursion / fire / sale / a diet… • In In April / 1980 In summer / spring / autumn / winter In five minutes / a few days / two years In the morning / afternoon / evening • At At o’clock / the weekend / night / Christmas At the end of / at the age of • From to From 1977 to 1985 • Since Since 1985 / Monday / o’clock • For For three days / a long time / one hour II PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE: (Giới từ nơi chốn, địa điểm) • On On a table / a wall / a bus / a train / a plane / the floor / a horse / television / the radio / the telephone • In In a garden / a park / a town / the water / my office / hospital / a car In the middle of • At At home / work / school / university / the station / the airport / a concert / a party / a football match At 10 Pasteur Street • By By car / bus / plane (on foot) By accident / chance: tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên • For For a walk / a swim / a drink For breakfast / lunch / dinner - (*) SOME OTHER PREPOSITIONS: From : từ … Ex: I am from Vietnam, I get the book from the man From … to …: từ … đến Ex: From o’clock to o’clock; from my house to school Next to = near : cạnh Ex: I live near her house Behind : phía sau Ex: the shop is behind the postoffice In front of : trước Ex: my house is in front of the school On : Ex:the book is on the table Under : Ex: the pen is under the book In the middle of : Ex:the tree is in the middle of the yard In : Ex: he is in the room Out : Ex: he is out of the room Opposite : đối diện Ex: my house is opposite the shop III VERB + NOUN + PREP: (Động từ + danh từ + giới từ) - give way to : nhượng bộ, chịu thua - give place to : nhường chỗ cho - catch sight of - keep pace with : thoáng thấy : theo kịp - lose sight of : hút, không nhìn thấy - lose track of : dấu vết - lose touch with: liên lạc với - make allowance for: xẫt đến, chiếu cố - make use of : dùng, tận dụng - make fun of : chọc ghẹo, chế nhạo - make room for: dọn chỗ cho - make a fuss over / about: làm om xòm - pay attention to : ý đến - put a stop to : put an end to: chấm dứt - set fire to: burn : phóng hỏa - take advantage of : lợi dụng - take care of : chăm sóc - take account of : quan tâm tới, lưu ý tới - take note of : lưu ý đến - take notice of : ý thấy, nhận thấy IV VERB + PREP: (Động từ + giới từ) VERB + TO - apologize to sb for sth - belong to - complain to sb about sb / sth - happen to - introduce to - listen to - speak / talk to sb - write to - prefer to - explain to - invite to VERB + FOR - apply for - care for - pay for - look for - wait for - blame for - leave for - search for - ask for VERB + ABOUT - care about - dream about sb / sth - think about - hear about: be told about - warn about VERB + ON - concentrate on / focus on - depend on / rely on - live on - congratulate on VERB + OF - consist of - die of - take care of - accuse of VERB + AT - laugh at / smile at - shout at - look at / stare at / glance at - point at / aim at - spend on - remind of VERB + IN - succeed in - arrive in / at VERB + WITH - provide with - charge with VERB + FROM - suffer from / borrow from - save / protect / prevent from V ADJECTIVE + PREP: (Tính từ + giới từ) ADJ + TO ADJ + FOR - accustomed to - available for - addicted to - responsible for - harmful to - famous for - similar to / agreeable to - late for - good / nice / kind / polite / rude / … to sb - important to ADJ + ABOUT - angry about - anxious about - worried about - excited about ADJ + ON - keen on - dependent on ADJ + OF - afraid of / full of - aware of / tired of ADJ + AT - surprised at - quick at - ashamed of - capable of - bad / good at - brilliant at ADJ + WITH - equipped with - bored with - busy with - acquainted with ADJ + FROM - different from - absent from - safe from ADJ + IN - confident in - successful in - interested in - rich in * PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG Choose the correct prepositions She was very surprised the grade she received A at B on C of D about Tom’s grandfather died 1977 the age of 79 A for/at B on/in C at/in D in/at Jane doesn't spend much money clothes A over B about C at D on She always takes good care her children A for B in C of D with There are usually a lot of parties New Year’s Eve A in B for C on D with Mr Smith is not accustomed hot weather A to B at C for D in Tom has to try hard to keep pace his classmates A to B with C at D for The librarian advised us to take full advantage all the facilities available A of B at C for D about Don't make fun that disabled boy A upon B in C to D of 10 Did you know that Linda is engaged a friend of mine? A to B at C for D towards 11 She stood there, saying nothing until she lost sight the plane A to B of C inside D about 12 The Vietnamese participants always take part sports events with great enthusiasm A in B on C at D to 13 He isn’t independent _ any means He depends _ his father _ everything A by/ on/ in B for/ on/ in C of/ in/ for D on/ in/ with 14 He may be quick _ understanding but he isn’t capable _ remembering anything A in/ of B on/ at C at/ of D of/ at 15 Mum is always busy her work in the laboratory A with B at C in D of 16 Lan will stay there _ the beginning in September _ November A from/ to B till/ to C from/ in D till/ of 17 I would like to apply _ the position of sales clerk that you advised in the Sunday newspaper A for B to C with D in 18 I have been looking _ this book for months, and at last, I have found it A over B up C for D at 19 My sister is very keen _ eating chocolate candy A on B with C about D at 20 Who’s going to look _ the children while you’re away? A at B up C after D over 21 I’m not going out yet I’m waiting the rain to stop A for B away C from D up 22 Sorry I haven’t written you for such a long time A into B to C for D round 23 Who was that man I saw you talking in the pub? A up B back C from D to 24 What happened the gold watch you used to have? A with B against C for D to 25 I look stupid with this haircut Everyone will laugh me A in B at C into D away 26 George’s salary is very low It isn’t enough to live A about B round C on D down 27 I’ve lost my keys Can you help me look them? A up B after C for D into 28 I believe saying what I think A on B in C with D for 29 When I realized I was wrong, I apologized to him my mistake A at B for C up D before 30 Would you care _a cup of coffee? A for B about C of D with 31 When I heard he had passed his examination, I phoned him to congratulate him his success A back B over C on D with 32 Three students were accused _cheating in the examination A on B off C with D of 33 We had an enormous meal It consisted _seven courses A off B of C in 34 I’m really satisfied _ what I have A with B along C back 35 I feel sorry Bob He has no friends and no money A with B about C for 36 I’m sorry the noise last night We’re having a party A with B about C for 37 I wasn’t very impressed the film A back B up C by 38 I’m sure you are capable passing the examination A round B along C among 39 Are you interested art and architecture A from B for C up 40 Mary is very fond animals She has three cats and two dogs A about B since C of 41 We are grateful our teacher A with B about C to 42 I’m a bit short money Can you lend me some? A at B over C of 43 I was amazed her knowledge of French Literature A by B about C of 44 He is excellent playing the flute A at B over C to 45 Why are you always so jealous other people? A on B of C in 46 He was proud himself for not giving up A of B during C after 47 Are you excited going on holiday next week? A into B about C above 48 You get fed up doing the same thing every day A between B up C against 49 I’m really satisfied _what I have A with B along C back 50 It’s silly _you to go out without a coat You’ll catch cold A to B of C since D up D out D by D by D through D of D in D between D out D down D off D behind D below D under D over D with D out D by Suggested answers: A D D C C A B A D 10 A 11 B 12 A 13 A 14 C 15 A 16 A 17 A 18 C 19 A 20 C 21 A 22 B 23 D 24 D 25 B 26 C 27 C 28 B 29 B 30 A 31 C 32 D 33 B 34 A 35 C 36 B 37 C 38 D 39 D 40 C 41 C 42 C 43 A 44 A 45 B 46 A 47 B 48 D 49 A 50 B ... room Opposite : đối diện Ex: my house is opposite the shop III VERB + NOUN + PREP: (Động từ + danh từ + giới từ) - give way to : nhượng bộ, chịu thua - give place to : nhường chỗ cho - catch sight... tới - take note of : lưu ý đến - take notice of : ý thấy, nhận thấy IV VERB + PREP: (Động từ + giới từ) VERB + TO - apologize to sb for sth - belong to - complain to sb about sb / sth - happen... FROM - suffer from / borrow from - save / protect / prevent from V ADJECTIVE + PREP: (Tính từ + giới từ) ADJ + TO ADJ + FOR - accustomed to - available for - addicted to - responsible for - harmful