CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11 GIỚI TỪ PREPOSITIONS * PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT A.. Definition Giới từ là từ hay cụm từ thường được dùng trước danh từ hay đại từ để chỉ mối liên hệ giữa các từ này với các thành p
Trang 1CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11 GIỚI TỪ (PREPOSITIONS)
* PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT
A Definition
Giới từ là từ hay cụm từ thường được dùng trước danh từ hay đại từ để chỉ mối liên hệ giữa các từ này với các thành phần khác trong câu
B Kinds of prepositions
I PREPOSITIONS OF TIME: (Giới từ chỉ thời gian)
• On
On Sunday (morning) / 25th April / New Year’s Day …
On holiday / business / duty / a trip / an excursion / fire / sale / a diet…
• In
In April / 1980
In summer / spring / autumn / winter
In five minutes / a few days / two years
In the morning / afternoon / evening
• At
At 8 o’clock / the weekend / night / Christmas
At the end of / at the age of
• From to
From 1977 to 1985
• Since
Since 1985 / Monday / 2 o’clock
• For
For three days / a long time / one hour
II PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE: (Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn, địa điểm)
• On
On a table / a wall / a bus / a train / a plane / the floor / a horse / television / the radio / the telephone
• In
In a garden / a park / a town / the water / my office / hospital / a car
In the middle of
• At
At home / work / school / university / the station / the airport / a concert / a party / a football match
At 10 Pasteur Street
• By
By car / bus / plane (on foot)
By accident / chance: tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên
• For
For a walk / a swim / a drink
For breakfast / lunch / dinner
Trang 2(*) SOME OTHER PREPOSITIONS:
- From : từ … Ex: I am from Vietnam, I get the book from the man
- From … to …: từ … đến Ex: From 4 o’clock to 6 o’clock; from my house to school
- Next to = near : ở cạnh Ex: I live near her house
- Behind : ở phía sau Ex: the shop is behind the postoffice
- In front of : ở trước Ex: my house is in front of the school
- On : ở trên Ex:the book is on the table
- Under : ở dưới Ex: the pen is under the book
- In the middle of : ở giữa Ex:the tree is in the middle of the yard
- In : ở trong Ex: he is in the room
- Out : ở ngoài Ex: he is out of the room
- Opposite : đối diện Ex: my house is opposite the shop
III VERB + NOUN + PREP: (Động từ + danh từ + giới từ)
- give way to : nhượng bộ, chịu thua
- give place to : nhường chỗ cho
- lose sight of : mất hút, không nhìn thấy nữa
- lose track of : mất dấu vết
- lose touch with: mất liên lạc với
- make allowance for: xẫt đến, chiếu cố
- make use of : dùng, tận dụng
- make fun of : chọc ghẹo, chế nhạo
- make room for: dọn chỗ cho
- make a fuss over / about: làm om xòm về
- catch sight of : thoáng thấy
- keep pace with : theo kịp
- pay attention to : chú ý đến
- put a stop to : put an end to: chấm dứt
- set fire to: burn : phóng hỏa
- take advantage of : lợi dụng
- take care of : chăm sóc
- take account of : quan tâm tới, lưu ý tới
- take note of : lưu ý đến
- take notice of : chú ý thấy, nhận thấy
IV VERB + PREP: (Động từ + giới từ)
1 VERB + TO
- apologize to sb for sth
- belong to
- complain to sb about sb / sth
- happen to
- introduce to
- listen to
- speak / talk to sb
- write to
- prefer to
- explain to
- invite to
2 VERB + FOR
- apply for
- care for
- pay for
- look for
- wait for
- blame for
- leave for
- search for
- ask for
3 VERB + ABOUT
- care about
- dream about sb / sth
- think about
- hear about: be told about
- warn about
4 VERB + ON
- concentrate on / focus on
- depend on / rely on
- live on
- congratulate on
5 VERB + OF
- consist of
- die of
- take care of
- accuse of
6 VERB + AT
- laugh at / smile at
- shout at
- look at / stare at / glance at
- point at / aim at
Trang 3- spend on - remind of
7 VERB + IN
- succeed in
- arrive in / at
8 VERB + WITH
- provide with
- charge with
9 VERB + FROM
- suffer from / borrow from
- save / protect / prevent from
V ADJECTIVE + PREP: (Tính từ + giới từ)
1 ADJ + TO
- accustomed to
- addicted to
- harmful to
- similar to / agreeable to
- good / nice / kind / polite / rude /
… to sb
- important to
2 ADJ + FOR
- available for
- responsible for
- famous for
- late for
3 ADJ + ABOUT
- angry about
- anxious about
- worried about
- excited about
4 ADJ + ON
- keen on
- dependent on
5 ADJ + OF
- afraid of / full of
- aware of / tired of
- ashamed of
- capable of
6 ADJ + AT
- surprised at
- quick at
- bad / good at
- brilliant at
7 ADJ + IN
- confident in
- successful in
- interested in
- rich in
8 ADJ + WITH
- equipped with
- bored with
- busy with
- acquainted with
9 ADJ + FROM
- different from
- absent from
- safe from
* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Choose the correct prepositions
1 She was very surprised the grade she received
A at B on C of D about
2 Tom’s grandfather died 1977 the age of 79
A for/at B on/in C at/in D in/at
3 Jane doesn't spend much money clothes
A over B about C at D on
4 She always takes good care her children
A for B in C of D with
5 There are usually a lot of parties New Year’s Eve
A in B for C on D with
6 Mr Smith is not accustomed hot weather
A to B at C for D in
7 Tom has to try hard to keep pace his classmates
A to B with C at D for
8 The librarian advised us to take full advantage all the facilities available
A of B at C for D about
9 Don't make fun that disabled boy
A upon B in C to D of
10 Did you know that Linda is engaged a friend of mine?
A to B at C for D towards
Trang 411 She stood there, saying nothing until she lost sight the plane
A to B of C inside D about
12 The Vietnamese participants always take part sports events with great enthusiasm
13 He isn’t independent _ any means He depends _ his father _ everything
A by/ on/ in B for/ on/ in C of/ in/ for D on/ in/ with
14 He may be quick _ understanding but he isn’t capable _ remembering anything
A in/ of B on/ at C at/ of D of/ at
15 Mum is always busy her work in the laboratory
16 Lan will stay there _ the beginning in September _ November
A from/ to B till/ to C from/ in D till/ of
17 I would like to apply _ the position of sales clerk that you advised in the Sunday newspaper
A for B to C with D in
18 I have been looking _ this book for months, and at last, I have found it
A over B up C for D at
19 My sister is very keen _ eating chocolate candy
20 Who’s going to look _ the children while you’re away?
21 I’m not going out yet I’m waiting the rain to stop
22 Sorry I haven’t written you for such a long time
23 Who was that man I saw you talking in the pub?
24 What happened the gold watch you used to have?
25 I look stupid with this haircut Everyone will laugh me
26 George’s salary is very low It isn’t enough to live
27 I’ve lost my keys Can you help me look them?
28 I believe saying what I think
29 When I realized I was wrong, I apologized to him my mistake
30 Would you care _a cup of coffee?
31 When I heard he had passed his examination, I phoned him to congratulate him his success
32 Three students were accused _cheating in the examination
Trang 533 We had an enormous meal It consisted _seven courses
34 I’m really satisfied _ what I have
35 I feel sorry Bob He has no friends and no money
36 I’m sorry the noise last night We’re having a party
37 I wasn’t very impressed the film
38 I’m sure you are capable passing the examination
39 Are you interested art and architecture
40 Mary is very fond animals She has three cats and two dogs
41 We are grateful our teacher
42 I’m a bit short money Can you lend me some?
43 I was amazed her knowledge of French Literature
44 He is excellent playing the flute
45 Why are you always so jealous other people?
46 He was proud himself for not giving up
47 Are you excited going on holiday next week?
48 You get fed up doing the same thing every day
A between B up C against D with
49 I’m really satisfied _what I have
50 It’s silly _you to go out without a coat You’ll catch cold
Suggested answers:
1 A 6 A 11 B 16 A 21 A 26 C 31 C 36 B 41 C 46 A
2 D 7 B 12 A 17 A 22 B 27 C 32 D 37 C 42 C 47 B
3 D 8 A 13 A 18 C 23 D 28 B 33 B 38 D 43 A 48 D
4 C 9 D 14 C 19 A 24 D 29 B 34 A 39 D 44 A 49 A
5 C 10 A 15 A 20 C 25 B 30 A 35 C 40 C 45 B 50 B