tốm tắt đầy đủ ngữ pháp tiếng anh

Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review! Ng pháp ti ng Anh M cl c Tóm t t ng pháp ti ng Anh C u trúc chung c a m t câu ti ng Anh: 1.1 Subject (ch ng ): 1.2 Verb (ñ ng t ): 1.3 Complement (v ng ): 1.4 Modifier (tr ng t ): Noun phrase (ng danh t ) 2.1 Danh t ñ m ñư c không ñ m ñư c (Count noun/ Non-count noun): 2.2 Cách dùng quán t không xác ñ nh "a" "an" 10 2.2.1 Dùng “an” v i: 10 2.2.2 Dùng “a” v i: 10 2.3 Cách dùng quán t xác ñ nh "The" 10 2.3.1 Sau ñây m t s trư ng h p thông d ng dùng The theo quy t c trên: 11 2.3.2 B ng s d ng "the" không s d ng "the" m t s trư ng h p ñi n hình 12 2.4 Cách s d ng another other 13 2.5 Cách s d ng little, a little, few, a few 14 2.6 S h u cách 14 Verb phrase (ng ñ ng t ) 15 3.1 Present tenses (các th i hi n t i) 16 3.1.1 Simple Present (th i hi n t i thư ng) 16 3.1.2 Present Progressive (th i hi n t i ti p di n) 16 3.1.3 Present Perfect (th i hi n t i hoàn thành) 17 3.1.3.1 Cách dùng SINCE FOR: 18 3.1.3.2 Cách dùng ALREADY YET: 18 3.1.3.3 Th i hi n t i hoàn thành thư ng dư c dùng v i m t s c m t ch th i gian sau: 18 3.1.4 Present Perfect Progressive (th i hi n t i hoàn thành ti p di n) 19 3.2 Past tenses (các th i kh ) 19 3.2.1 Simple Past (th i kh thư ng): 19 3.2.2 Past Progresseive (th i kh ti p di n): 20 3.2.3 Past Perfect (th i kh hoàn thành): 21 3.2.4 Past Perfect Progressive (th i kh hoàn thành ti p di n): 22 3.3 Future tenses (các th i tương lai) 22 3.3.1 Simple Future (th i tương lai thư ng): 23 3.3.2 Near Future (tương lai g n): 23 3.3.3 Future Progressive (th i tương lai ti p di n): 23 3.3.4 Future Perfect (th i tương lai hoàn thành): 24 S hòa h p gi a ch ng ñ ng t 24 4.1 Các trư ng h p ch ng ñ ng tách kh i ñ ng t 24 4.2 Các t ñi v i danh t ho c ñ i t s 25 4.3 Cách s d ng None No 26 4.4 Cách s d ng c u trúc either or (ho c ho c) neither nor (không mà không) 26 Trang Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review 4.5 V-ing làm ch ng 27 4.6 Các danh t t p th 27 4.7 Cách s d ng a number of, the number of: 28 4.8 Các danh t s nhi u 28 4.9 Cách dùng there is, there are 29 Đ i t 30 5.1 Subject pronoun (Đ i t nhân xưng ch ng ) 30 5.2 Complement pronoun (Đ i t nhân xưng tân ng ) 31 5.3 Possessive pronoun (Đ i t s h u) 32 5.3.1 Possessive adjectives (Tính t s h u) 32 5.4 Reflexive pronoun (Đ i t ph n thân) 32 Tân ng (complement / object) v n ñ liên quan 33 6.1 Đ ng t dùng làm tân ng 33 6.1.1 Lo i 1: Đ ng t nguyên th làm tân ng (to + verb) 33 6.1.2 Lo i 2: Đ ng t Verb-ing dùng làm tân ng 33 6.1.3 B ng dư i ñây nh ng ñ ng t mà tân ng sau có th m t ñ ng t nguyên th ho c m t verb-ing mà ng nghĩa không thay ñ i 34 6.1.4 B n ñ ng t ñ c bi t 34 6.1.5 Đ ng t ñ ng sau gi i t 35 6.1.5.1 Verb + preposition + verb-ing 35 6.1.5.2 Adjective + preposition + verb-ing: 35 6.1.5.3 Noun + preposition + verb-ing: 36 6.1.6 Đ ng t ñi sau tính t : 36 6.2 Đ i t ñ ng trư c ñ ng t nguyên th ho c V-ing tân ng 36 6.2.1 Trư ng h p tân ng ñ ng t nguyên th 37 6.2.2 Trư ng h p tân ng V-ing 37 M t s ñ ng t ñ c bi t (need, dare, to be, get) 37 7.1 Need 37 7.1.1 Need dùng m t ñ ng t thư ng: 37 7.1.2 Need dùng m t tr ñ ng t 38 7.2 Dare (dám) 38 7.2.1 Dùng m t n i ñ ng t 38 7.2.2 Dùng m t ngo i ñ ng t 39 7.3 Cách s d ng to be m t s trư ng h p 39 7.4 Cách s d ng to get m t s trư ng h p: 40 7.4.1 To get + P2 40 7.4.2 Get + V-ing = Start + V-ing: B t ñ u làm 40 7.4.3 Get sb/smt +V-ing: Làm cho ai/ b t ñ u 40 7.4.4 Get + to + verb 40 7.4.5 Get + to + Verb (v hành ñ ng) = Come + to + Verb (v nh n th c) = Gradually = d n d n40 Câu h i 41 8.1 Câu h i Yes/ No 41 8.2 Câu h i l y thông tin (information question) 41 8.2.1 Who ho c What: câu h i ch ng 41 8.2.2 Whom ho c What: câu h i tân ng 42 8.2.3 When, Where, How Why: Câu h i b ng 42 Trang Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review 8.3 Câu h i ph c (embedded question) 42 8.4 Câu h i ñuôi (tag questions) 43 L i nói ph h a 44 9.1 Ph ho câu kh ng ñ nh 44 9.2 Ph ho câu ph ñ nh 45 10 Câu ph ñ nh (negation) 45 10.1 Some/any: 46 10.2 M t s câu h i d ng ph ñ nh l i mang ý nghĩa khác (không dùng d u ?): 46 10.3 Hai l n ph ñ nh 46 10.4 Ph ñ nh k t h p v i so sánh 46 10.5 C u trúc ph ñ nh song song 46 10.6 Ph ñ nh không dùng th ph ñ nh c a ñ ng t 47 10.7 Th ph ñ nh c a m t s ñ ng t ñ c bi t 47 10.8 No matter 47 10.9 Cách dùng Not at all; at all 48 11 Câu m nh l nh 48 11.1 M nh l nh th c tr c ti p 48 11.2 M nh l nh gián ti p: 48 11.3 D ng ph ñ nh c a câu m nh l nh 48 12 Các tr ñ ng t (Modal Auxiliaries) 49 12.1 Câu ph ñ nh dùng tr ñ ng t 49 12.2 Câu nghi v n dùng tr ñ ng t 50 13 Câu ñi u ki n 50 13.1 Đi u ki n có th th c hi n ñư c (ñi u ki n có th c hay ñi u ki n d ng I) 50 13.2 Đi u ki n không th th c hi n ñư c (ñi u ki n th c hay ñi u ki n d ng II, III) 51 13.2.1 Đi u ki n th c hi n t i (d ng II) 51 13.2.2 Đi u ki n th c kh (d ng III) 51 13.3 Cách s d ng will, would, could, should m t s trư ng h p khác 52 13.4 Cách s d ng if m t s trư ng h p khác 52 13.5 Cách s d ng Hope Wish 54 13.5.1 Wish tương lai: 54 13.5.2 Wish hi n t i 55 13.5.3 Wish kh 55 13.6 Cách s d ng as if, as though (c là, th là) 55 13.6.1 th i hi n t i: 56 13.6.2 Th i kh : 56 13.7 Cách s d ng used to, (to be/get) used to 56 13.7.1 Used to + Verb: 56 13.7.2 To be/ to get used to + V-ing/ Noun: Tr nên quen v i 57 13.8 Cách s d ng would rather 57 13.8.1 Lo i câu có m t ch ng 58 13.8.1.1 Th i hi n t i: 58 13.8.1.2 Th i kh : 58 13.8.2 Lo i câu có hai ch ng 58 13.8.2.1 Câu c u ki n hi n t i (present subjunctive): 58 13.8.2.2 Câu gi ñ nh ñ i l p v i th c t hi n t i 58 Trang Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review 13.8.2.3 Câu gi ñ nh trái ngư c v i th c t kh 59 14 Cách dùng m t s tr ñ ng t hình thái th i hi n t i 59 14.1 Cách s d ng Would + like 59 14.2 Cách s d ng could/may/might: 60 14.3 Cách s d ng Should: 60 14.4 Cách s d ng Must 61 14.5 Cách s d ng have to 61 15 Dùng tr ñ ng t ñ di n ñ t tình hu ng kh (modal + perfective) 61 15.1 Could, may, might + have + P2 = có l ñã 61 15.2 Should have + P2 = L ph i, l nên 62 15.3 Must have + P2 = ch c ñã, h n ñã 62 16 Cách dùng should m t s trư ng h p c th khác 62 17 Tính t phó t 63 17.1 Tính t 63 17.2 Phó t 64 17.2.1 Adverb of maner: 65 17.2.2 Adverb of place: 66 17.2.3 Adverb of time: 67 17.2.4 Adverb of frequency: 67 17.2.5 Disjunctive adverb: 67 18 Liên t (linking verb) 67 19 Các d ng so sánh c a tính t phó t 68 19.1 So sánh ngang b ng 68 19.2 So sánh 70 19.3 Phép so sánh không h p lý 72 19.3.1 S h u cách: 72 19.3.2 Dùng thêm that of cho danh t s ít: 72 19.3.3 Dùng thêm those of cho danh t s nhi u: 72 19.4 Các tính t phó t ñ c bi t 73 19.5 So sánh b i s 73 19.6 So sánh kép 74 19.7 C u trúc No sooner than (V a m i ñã ) 75 19.8 So sánh không dùng than (gi a ñ i tư ng) 75 19.9 So sánh b c nh t (t ñ i tư ng tr lên) 76 20 Danh t dùng làm tính t 76 20.1 Khi dùng danh t làm tính t , dùng tính t c a danh t ñó? 77 21 Cách dùng Enough 77 22 Much, many, a lot of lots of – m t s trư ng h p khác 77 22.1 Much & many 77 22.2 Phân bi t alot/ lots of/ plenty/ a great deal v i many/ much 79 22.3 More & most 79 22.4 Long & (for) a long time 80 23 Các c m t n i mang tính quan h nhân qu 81 23.1 Because, Because of 81 23.2 So that 81 23.3 So such 82 Trang Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review 23.3.1 Dùng v i tính t phó t : 82 23.3.2 Dùng v i danh t ñ m ñư c s nhi u: 82 23.3.3 Dùng v i danh t không ñ m ñư c: 82 23.3.4 Dùng v i danh t ñ m ñư c s ít: 83 23.3.5 Dùng such trư c tính t + danh t : 83 23.4 M t s c m t n i khác: 83 23.4.1 Even if + negative verb: cho dù 83 23.4.2 Whether or not + positive verb: dù có hay không 83 23.4.3 Các t nghi v n ñ ng ñ u câu dùng làm t n i 83 23.4.4 M t s t n i có quy lu t riêng 84 23.4.5 Unless + positive = if not: Tr phi, n u không 84 23.4.6 But for that + unreal condition: N u không 84 23.4.7 Otherwise + real condition: K o, n u không 84 23.4.8 Otherwise + unreal condition: K o, n u không 84 23.4.9 Provided/Providing that: V i ñi u ki n là, mi n ( = as long as) 84 23.4.10 Suppose/Supposing = What if : Gi s sao, N u 84 23.4.11 If only + S + simple present/will + verb = hope that: hi v ng r ng 85 23.4.12 If only + S + simple past/past perfect = wish that (Câu ñ/k không th c = giá mà) 85 23.4.13 If only + S + would + V: 85 23.4.14 Immediately = as soon as = the moment (that) = the instant that = directly: l p t c/ mà 85 24 Câu b ñ ng (passive voice) 85 25 M t s c u trúc c u n (causative) 87 25.1 To have sb sth = to get sb to sth = Sai ai, n ai, b o làm 87 25.2 To have/to get sth done = làm m t vi c b ng cách thuê ngư i khác 87 25.3 To make sb sth = to force sb to sth = B t bu c ph i làm 88 25.4.1 To make sb + P2 = làm cho b 88 25.4.2 To cause sth + P2 = làm cho b 88 25.5 To let sb sth = to permit/allow sb to sth = ñ cho ai, cho phép làm 88 25.6 To help sb to sth/do sth = Giúp làm 88 25.7 Ba ñ ng t ñ c bi t: see, watch, hear 89 26 Câu ph c h p ñ i t quan h 89 26.1 That which làm ch ng c a m nh ñ ph 89 26.2 That which làm tân ng c a m nh ñ ph 89 26.3 Who làm ch ng c a m nh ñ ph 90 26.4 Whom làm tân ng c a m nh ñ ph 90 26.5 M nh ñ ph b t bu c không b t bu c 90 26.5.1 M nh ñ ph b t bu c 90 26.5.2 M nh ñ ph không b t bu c 90 26.5.3 T m quan tr ng c a vi c s d ng d u ph y ñ i v i m nh ñ ph 91 26.6 Cách s d ng All, Both, Some, Several, Most, Few + Of + Whom/ Which 91 26.7 Cách lo i b ñ i t quan h m nh ñ ph 92 27 Cách s d ng m t s c u trúc P1 92 28 Cách s d ng m t s c u trúc P2 93 29 Nh ng cách s d ng khác c a that 94 29.1 That dùng v i tư cách m t liên t (r ng) 94 Trang Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review 29.1.1 Trư ng h p không b t bu c ph i có that 94 29.1.2 Trư ng h p b t bu c ph i có that 94 29.2 M nh ñ that 94 29.2.1 Dùng v i ch ng gi it tính t 94 29.2.2 Dùng v i ñ ng t t o thành m t m nh ñ ñ c l p 95 30 Câu gi ñ nh (subjunctive) 95 30.1 Dùng v i would rather that 95 30.2 Dùng v i ñ ng t 96 30.3 Dùng v i tính t 96 30.4 Th gi ñ nh m t s trư ng h p khác 97 31 L i nói bao hàm (inclusive) 98 31.1 Not only but also (không nh ng mà còn) 98 31.2 As well as (v a v a ) 99 31.3 Both and (v a v a) 99 32 to know, to know how 99 33 M nh ñ th hi n s ng b 100 33.1 Despite/Inspite of (b t ch p, cho dù, ) 100 33.2 Although/Even though/Though (m c d u) .100 33.3 However + adj + S + linkverb = dù có ñi n a .101 33.4 Although/ Albeit + Adjective/ Adverb/ Averbial Modifier .101 34 Nh ng ñ ng t d gây nh m l n 101 35 M t s ñ ng t ñ c bi t khác 103 36 S phù h p v th i giưa hai v c a m t câu 103 37 Cách s d ng to say, to tell 104 38 One You 105 38.1 One 105 38.2 You .106 39 Đi trư c ñ i t ph i có m t danh t tương ng v i 106 40 S d ng V-ing, to + verb ñ m ñ u m t câu 107 40.1 S d ng Verb-ing 107 40.2 Đ ng t nguyên th (to + verb) m ñ u câu 109 41 Đ ng t (V-ing, V-ed) dùng làm tính t 109 42 Thông tin th a (redundancy) 110 43 C u trúc song song câu 110 44 Chuy n ñ i v trí tân ng tr c ti p gián ti p 111 45 Câu tr c ti p câu gián ti p 112 46 Khi phó t ñ ng ñ u câu ñ nh n m nh, ph i ñ o c u trúc câu 113 Cách làm tr c nghi m ng pháp 116 Nh ng t d gây nh m l n 117 47 Cách s d ng gi i t .120 48 M t s ng ñ ng t thư ng g p 123 B ng ñ ng t b t quy t c 124 Trang Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review Tóm t t ng pháp ti ng Anh C u trúc chung c a m t câu ti ng Anh: M t câu ti ng Anh thư ng bao g m thành ph n sau ñây: Ví d : SUBJECT John and I VERB ate COMPLEMENT a pizza MODIFIER last night We studied "present perfect" last week He runs I like very fast walking 1.1 Subject (ch ng ): Ch ng ch th c a hành ñ ng câu, thư ng ñ ng trư c ñ ng t (verb) Ch ng thư ng m t danh t (noun) ho c m t ng danh t (noun phrase - m t nhóm t k t thúc b ng m t danh t , trư ng h p ng danh t không ñư c b t ñ u b ng m t gi i t ) Ch ng thư ng ñ ng ñ u câu quy t ñ nh vi c chia ñ ng t Chú ý r ng m i câu ti ng Anh ñ u có ch ng (Trong câu m nh l nh, ch ng ñư c ng m hi u ngư i nghe Ví d : “Don't move!” = Đ ng im!) Milk is delicious (m t danh t ) That new, red car is mine (m t ng danh t ) Đôi câu ch ng th t s , trư ng h p ñó, It ho c There ñóng vai trò ch ng gi It is a nice day today There are a fire in that building There were many students in the room It is the fact that the earth goes around the sun 1.2 Verb (ñ ng t ): Trang Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review Đ ng t t ch hành ñ ng ho c tr ng thái c a ch ng M i câu ñ u ph i có ñ ng t Nó có th m t t ñơn ho c m t ng ñ ng t Ng ñ ng t (verb phrase) m t nhóm t g m m t ho c nhi u tr ñ ng t (auxiliary) m t ñ ng t I love you (ch hành ñ ng) Chilli is hot (ch tr ng thái) I have seen the movie three times before (auxiliary: have; main verb: seen) I am going to Sai Gon tomorrow (auxiliary: am; main verb: going) 1.3 Complement (v ng ): V ng t ho c c m t ch ñ i tư ng tác ñ ng c a ch ng Cũng gi ng ch ng , v ng thư ng danh t ho c ng danh t không b t ñ u b ng gi i t , nhiên v ng thư ng ñ ng sau ñ ng t Không ph i câu có complement V ng tr l i cho câu h i What? ho c Whom? John bought a car yesterday (What did John buy?) Jill wants to drink some water (What does he want to drink?) She saw John at the movie last night (Whom did she see at the movie?) 1.4 Modifier (tr ng t ): Tr ng t t ho c c m t ch th i gian, ñ a ñi m ho c cách th c c a hành ñ ng Không ph i câu có tr ng t Chúng thư ng c m gi i t (prepositional phrase), phó t (adverb) ho c m t c m phó t (adverbial phrase) Chúng tr l i câu h i When?, Where? ho c How? M t c m gi i t m t c m t b t ñ u b ng m t gi i t k t thúc b ng m t danh t (VD: in the morning, on the table, ) N u có nhi u tr ng t câu tr ng t ch th i gian thư ng ñi sau John bought a book at the bookstore (Where did John buy a book?) She saw John at the movie last night (Where did she see John? When did she see him?) She drives very fast (How does she drive?) Chú ý r ng tr ng t thư ng ñi sau v ng không nh t thi t Tuy nhiên tr ng t c m gi i t không ñư c n m gi a ñ ng t v ng She drove on the street her new car (Sai) She drove her new car on the street (Đúng) Noun phrase (ng danh t ) 2.1 Danh t ñ m ñư c không ñ m ñư c (Count noun/ Non-count noun): · Danh t ñ m ñư c: Là danh t có th dùng ñư c v i s ñ m, ñó có hình thái s s nhi u Nó dùng ñư c v i a hay v i the VD: one book, two books, · Danh t không ñ m ñư c: Không dùng ñư c v i s ñ m, ñó hình thái s ít, s nhi u Trang Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review Nó không th dùng ñư c v i a, the ch m t s trư ng h p ñ c bi t VD: milk (s a) B n không th nói "one milk", "two milks" (M t s v t ch t không ñ m ñư c có th ñư c ch a bình ñ ng, bao bì ñ m ñư c VD: one glass of milk - m t c c s a) · M t s danh t ñ m ñư c có hình thái s nhi u ñ c bi t VD: person - people; child - children; tooth – teeth; foot – feet; mouse – mice · M t s danh t ñ m ñư c có d ng s ít/ s nhi u ch phân bi t b ng có "a" "a": an aircraft/ aircraft; a sheep/ sheep; a fish/ fish · M t s danh t không ñ m ñư c food, meat, money, sand, water ñôi ñư c dùng danh t s nhi u ñ ch d ng, lo i khác c a v t li u ñó This is one of the foods that my doctor wants me to eat · Danh t "time" n u dùng v i nghĩa "th i gian" không ñ m ñư c dùng v i nghĩa "th i ñ i" hay "s l n" danh t ñ m ñư c You have spent too much time on that homework (th i gian, không ñ m ñư c) I have seen that movie three times before (s l n, ñ m ñư c) B ng sau ñ nh ng dùng ñư c v i danh t ñ m ñư c không ñ m ñư c WITH COUNT NOUN WITH NON-COUNT NOUN a(n), the, some, any the, some, any this, that, these, those this, that none, one, two, three, None many a lot of a [large / great] number of (a) few fewer than more than much (thư ng dùng câu ph ñ nh, câu h i) a lot of a large amount of (a) little less than more than M t s t không ñ m ñư c nên bi t: sand food meat water money news measles (b nh s i) soap information air mumps (b nh quai b ) economics physics mathematics politics homework Note: advertising danh t không ñ m ñư c advertisement danh t ñ m ñư c, ch m t qu ng cáo c th ñó Trang Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS English Grammar Review Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) There are too many advertisements during TV shows 2.2 Cách dùng quán t không xác ñ nh "a" "an" Dùng a ho c an trư c m t danh t s ñ m ñư c Chúng có nghĩa m t Chúng ñư c dùng câu có tính khái quát ho c ñ c p ñ n m t ch th chưa ñư c ñ c p t trư c A ball is round (nghĩa chung, khái quát, ch t t c qu bóng) I saw a boy in the street (chúng ta không bi t c u bé nào, chưa ñư c ñ c p trư c ñó) 2.2.1 Dùng “an” v i: Quán t an ñư c dùng trư c t b t ñ u b ng nguyên âm (trong cách phát âm, ch không ph i cách vi t) Bao g m: · Các t ·M ts ·M ts · Các t b t ñ u b ng nguyên âm a, e, i, o: an aircraft, an empty glass, an object t b t ñ u b ng u, y: an uncle, an umbrella t b t ñ u b ng h câm: an heir, haft an hour m ñ u b ng m t ch vi t t t: an S.O.S/ an M.P 2.2.2 Dùng “a” v i: Dùng a trư c t b t ñ u b ng m t ph âm Chúng bao g m ch l i m t s trư ng h p b t ñ u b ng u, y, h VD: a house, a university, a home party, a heavy load, a uniform, a union, a year income, · Đ ng trư c m t danh t m ñ u b ng "uni " ph i dùng "a" (a university/ a uniform/ universal/ union) (Europe, eulogy (l i ca ng i), euphemism (l i nói tr i), eucalyptus (cây khuynh di p) · Dùng thành ng ch s lư ng nh t ñ nh như: a lot of/a great deal of/a couple/a dozen · Dùng trư c nh ng s ñ m nh t ñ nh thư ng hàng ngàn, hàng trăm a/one hundred - a/one thousand · Dùng trư c "half" (m t n a) theo sau m t ñơn v nguyên v n: a kilo and a half, hay ñi ghép v i m t danh t khác ñ ch n a ph n (khi vi t có d u g ch n i): a half - share, a half - holiday (ngày l ch ngh n a ngày) · Dùng v i ñơn v phân s 1/3 a/one third - 1/5 a /one fifth · Dùng thành ng ch giá c , t c ñ , t l : $5 a kilo, 60 kilometers an hour, times a day 2.3 Cách dùng quán t xác ñ nh "The" Dùng the trư c m t danh t ñã ñư c xác ñ nh c th v m t tính ch t, ñ c ñi m, v trí ho c ñã ñư c ñ c p ñ n trư c ñó, ho c nh ng khái ni m ph thông, bi t The boy in the corner is my friend (C ngư i nói ngư i nghe ñ u bi t ñó c u bé nào) The earth is round (Ch có m t trái ñ t, bi t) Trang 10 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review I gave Jim the book The little boy brought his grandmother some flowers He lent his brother his car Không ph i ñ ng t cho phép ñ i v trí tân ng tr c ti p gián ti p B ng sau m t s ñ ng t cho phép ñ i: bring build buy cut draw feed find get give hand leave lend make offer own paint pass pay promise read sell send show teach tell write M t s t có th dùng ñư c c v i for to, m t s khác ch dùng v i m t gi i t Chú ý r ng công th c th hai nêu trên, tân ng gián ti p ñ ng trư c tân ng tr c ti p không dùng gi i t gi a chúng: Đúng: Sai: The director's secretary sent them the menuscript last night The director's secretary sent to them the menuscript last night N u c tân ng tr c ti p gián ti p ñ u ñ i t ch ñư c dùng công th c th nh t, không dùng công th c 2: Đúng: Sai: They gave it to us They gave us it Chú ý: Hai ñ ng t introduce (gi i thi u v i ai) mention (ñ c p ñ n trư c m t ai) dùng v i gi i t to nên chúng không cho phép chuy n ñ i v trí hai tân ng tr c ti p gián ti p I introduce John to Dr Tim I introduce Dr Tim to John He mentions the party to me 45 Câu tr c ti p câu gián ti p Trong câu tr c ti p thông tin ñi t ngư i th nh t ñ n th ng ngư i th hai (ngư i th nh t nói tr c ti p v i ngư i th hai) He said "I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday" Trong câu gián ti p thông tin ñi t ngư i th nh t qua ngư i th hai ñ n v i ngư i th ba Khi ñó câu có bi n ñ i v m t ng pháp He said he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before Trang 112 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS English Grammar Review Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) Đ bi n ñ i m t câu tr c ti p sang câu gián ti p c n: Đ i ch ng ñ i t nhân xưng khác câu tr c ti p theo ch ng c a thành ph n th nh t Lùi ñ ng t v th xu ng m t c p so v i lúc ban ñ u Bi n ñ i ñ i t ch th , phó t ch th i gian ñ a ñi m theo b ng qui ñ nh B ng ñ i ñ ng t Direct speech Simple present Present progressive Present perfect (Progressive) Simple past Will/Shall Can/May Indirect speech Simple past Past progressive Past perfect (Progressive) Past perfect Would/ Should Could/ Might B ng ñ i ñ i t ch th , phó t ch ñ a ñi m th i gian Today That day Yesterday The day before The day before yesterday Two days before Tomorrow The next/ the following day The day after tomorrow In two days' time Next + Time The following + Time Last + Time The previous + Time Time + ago Time + before This, these That, those Here, Overhere There, Overthere N u l i nói hành ñ ng x y ngày không c n ph i ñ i th i gian At breakfast this morning he said "I will be busy today" At breakfast this morning he said he would be busy today Các suy lu n logic v m t th i gian t t nhiên c n thi t l i nói ñư c thu t l i sau ñó m t ho c hai ngày (On Monday) He said " I'll be leaving on Wednesday " (On Tuesday) He said he would be leaving tomorrow (On Wednesday) He said he would be leaving today 46 Khi phó t ñ ng ñ u câu ñ nh n m nh, ph i ñ o c u trúc câu Trang 113 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review Trong m t s trư ng h p phó t không ñ ng v trí bình thư ng c a mà ñ o lên ñ ng ñ u câu nh m nh n m nh vào hành ñ ng c a ch ng Trong trư ng h p ñó ng pháp s thay ñ i, ñ ng sau phó t ñ ng ñ u câu tr ñ ng t r i m i ñ n ch ng ñ ng t chính: John hardly remembers the accident that took his sister's life Hardly does John remember the accident that took his sister's life Never have so many people been unemployed as today (So many people have never been unemployed as today) Hardly had he fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-way lands (He had hardly fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-way lands.) Rarely have we seen such an effective actor as he has proven himself to be (We have rarely seen such an effective actor as he has proven himself to be.) Seldom does class let out early (Class seldom lets out early.) Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task (We will be able to accomplish this great task only by hard work.) M t s tr ng t ñ c bi t khác thư ng ñ ng • • • • • • • ñ u câu, ph i ñ o c u trúc câu trên: In/ Under no circumstances: Dù b t c hoàn c nh không Under no circumstances should you lend him the money On no account: Dù b t c lý không On no accout must this switch be touched Only in this way: Ch b ng cách Only in this way could the problem be solved In no way: Không có th In no way could I agree with you By no means: Hoàn toàn không By no means does he intend to criticize your idea Negative , nor + auxiliary + S + V He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow Khi m t m nh ñ m ñ u b ng thành ng ch nơi ch n ho c tr t t ñ ng t có th ñ o lên ch ng t ñ i không ñư c s d ng tr ñ ng t trư ng h p Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary) In front of the museum is a statue Trang 114 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS English Grammar Review • • • • • Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) First came the ambulance, then came the police ( Tho t ñ u xe c u thương ch y ñ n, ti p sau c nh sát.) Khi m t ng gi i t làm phó t ch ñ a ñi m ho c phương hư ng ñ ng ñ u câu, n i ñ ng t ñ t lên trư c ch ng t ñ i không ñư c s d ng tr ñ ng t lo i câu Nó r t ph bi n văn mô t mu n di n ñ t m t ch ng không xác ñ nh: Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen Directly in front of them stood a great castle On the grass sat an enormous frog Along the road came a strange procession Tính t có th ñ o lên ñ u câu ñ nh n m nh sau ñó liên t t ñ i không ñư c s d ng tr ñ ng t So determined was she to take the university course that she taught school and gave music lesson for her tuition fees Trong m t s trư ng h p ngư i ta có th ñ o toàn b ñ ng t lên ch ng ñ nh n m nh, nh ng ñ ng t ñư c ñ o lên trư ng h p ph n l n ñ u mang s c thái b ñ ng hoàn toàn nghĩa b ñ ng Lost, however, are the secrets of the Mayan astronomers and the Inca builders as well as many medicinal practices (M t ñi vĩnh vi n, v y, l i nh ng bí m t c a nh ng nhà thiên văn thu c n n văn minh Mayan, ) Các phó t away ( = off ), down, in, off, out, over, round, up có th theo sau m t ñ ng t chuy n ñ ng sau ñó m t danh t làm ch ng : + Away/down/in/off/out/over/round/up + motion verb + noun/noun phrase as a subject Away went the runners/ Down fell a dozen of apples + Nhưng n u m t ñ i t nhân xưng làm ch ng ñ ng t ph i ñ sau ch ng : Away they went/ Round and round it flew + Trong ti ng Anh vi t (written English) ng gi i t m ñ u b ng gi i t down, from, in, on, over, out of, round, up có th ñư c theo sau b i ñ ng t ch v trí (crouch, hang, lie, sit, stand ) ho c d ng ñ ng t ch chuy n ñ ng, ñ ng t be born/ die/ live m t s d ng ñ ng t khác From the rafters strings of onions In the doorway stood a man with a gun On a perch beside him sat a blue parrot Over the wall came a shower of stones *Lưu ý: ví d ñ u c a ví d có th di n ñ t b ng m t VERB-ING m ñ u cho câu ñ ng t BE ñ o lên ch ng : Hanging from the rafters were strings of onion Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot Hi n tư ng x y ch ng sau phó t so sánh as/than dài: She was very religious, as were most of her friends City dwellers have a higher death rate than country people Tân ng mang tính nh n m nh có th ñ o lên ñ u câu: Not a single word did he say Trang 115 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS English Grammar Review • Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) Here/There ho c m t s phó t ñi k t h p v i ñ ng t ñ ng ñ u câu ph i ñ o ñ ng t lên ch ng m t danh t , n u ch ng m t ñ i t không ñư c ñ o ñ ng t : Here comes Freddy Incorrect: Here comes he Off we go Incorrect: Off go we There goes your brother I stopped the car, and up walked a policeman Cách làm tr c nghi m ng pháp Thư ng thi tr c nghi m ng pháp, b n s không th tr l i b ng cách ch áp d ng m t quy t c ng pháp nh t ñ nh ñó mà ph i k t h p hai hay nhi u quy t c khác ñ lo i tr phương án sai Áp d ng l n lư t bư c sau: (1) Ki m tra l i ng pháp b n bao g m (a) S hoà h p gi a ch ng v ng (b) Cách s d ng Adj Adv (c) V trí th t c a Adv (d) S phù h p gi a th i ñ ng t (e) Đ i t có danh t nh t ñ ñ i di n hay không (f) C u trúc câu song song (2) Lo i b nh ng câu tr l i rư m rà, câu ng n g n d hi u t t: (a) Tránh ñáp án dài dòng như: John read the letter in a thoughtful maner (can be replaced by thoughtfully) (b) Tránh ñáp án có t nghĩa gi ng (3) Lo i b nh ng ñáp án có t v ng không rõ nghĩa: (a) Ph i ch c ch n r ng t t c t ñ u có nghĩa câu (b) Ph i ñ m b o nh ng ñ ng t có t ph i ñư c n i v i b ng m t gi i t phù h p (xem ph n sau) (4) Tránh dùng t lóng, ti ng lóng T lóng ch dùng văn nói, không dùng văn vi t Ví d really dùng v i nghĩa very bunch dùng v i nghĩa many any noun + wise dùng v i nghĩa in relation to Ví d : Before we can decide on the future uses of this drug, (A) many more informations must be reviewed (B) is necessary to review more information (C) we must review much more information (D) another information must to be reviewed Trang 116 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review Phân tích: (A) có ch sai: không dùng many v i information danh t không ñ m ñư c không ñư c vi t informations (B) có ch sai thi u ch ng (C) ñúng (D) có ch sai: không dùng another v i danh t không ñ m ñư c sau tr ñ ng t must ñ ng t nguyên th to In this country, a growing concern about the possible hazardous effects ofchemical wastes (A) have resulted in a bunch of new laws (B) has resulted in several new laws (C) is causing the results of numerous new laws (D) result in news laws Phân tích: (A) có ch sai: không dùng ñ ng t s nhi u have v i ch ng s a growing concern không ñư c dùng t lóng (slang) bunch of (B) ñúng (C) rư m rà Causing the result of dài dòng (D) có ch sai: không dùng result (ñ ng t s nhi u) v i ch ng danh t s không ñư c dùng d ng th c s nhi u c a tính t (vi t ñúng ph i new laws) Nh ng t d gây nh m l n Đó nh ng t r t d gây nh m l n v cách vi t, ng nghĩa, t ho c phát âm: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • angel (N) = thiên th n angle (N) = góc (trong hình h c) cite (V) = trích d n site (N) = ñ a ñi m, khu ñ t ( ñ xây d ng) sight (N) = khe ng m, t m ng m; (V) = quang c nh, c nh tư ng; (V) = quan sát, nhìn th y dessert (N) = tráng mi ng desert (N) = sa m c; desert (V) = b , b m c, ñào ngũ later (ADV) = sau ñó, r i (thư ng dùng v i ñ ng t th i tương lai) latter (ADJ) = th 2, ngư i th 2, sau, ngư i sau >< the former = trư c, ngư i trư c principal (N) = hi u trư ng (trư ng ph thông); (Adj) = chính, ch y u principle (N) = nguyên t c, lu t l affect (V) = tác ñ ng ñ n effect (N) = nh hư ng, hi u qu ; (V) = th c hi n, ñem l i already (Adv) = ñã all ready = t t c ñã s n sàng among (prep) s (dùng cho ngư i, v t tr lên) Trang 117 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS English Grammar Review • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) between and gi a (ch dùng cho ngư i/v t) Lưu ý: between and ñư c dùng ñ ch v trí xác c a m t qu c gia n m gi a nh ng qu c gia khác cho dù > Vietnam lies between China, Laos and Cambodia Between ñư c dùng cho quãng cách gi a v t gi i h n v m t th i gian Difference + between (not among) What are the differences between crows, rooks, and jackdaws Between each + noun (-and the next) (more formal) We need meters between each window There seems to be less and less time between each birthday (and the next) Devide + between (not among) He devided his money between his wife, his daughter, and his sister Share + between/among He shared the food between/among all my friend consecutive (Adj) liên t c (không có tính ñ t quãng) successive (Adj) liên t c (có tính cách quãng) emigrant (N) ngư i di cư, (V) -> emigrate from immigrant (N) ngư i nh p cư; (V) immigrate into formerly (Adv) trư c formally (Adv) ch nh t (ăn m c); (Adv) th c historic (Adj) n i ti ng, quan tr ng l ch s The historic spot on which the early English settlers landed in North America (Adj) mang tính l ch s historic times historical (Adj) thu c v l ch s Historical reseach, historical magazine (Adj) có th t l ch s Historical people, historical events hepless (Adj) vô v ng, t v ng useless (Adj) vô d ng imaginary = (Adj) th t, tư ng tư ng imaginative = (Adj) phong phú, bay b ng v trí tư ng tư ng Classic (adj) ch t lư ng cao: a classic novel (m t cu n ti u thuy t hay); a classic football match (m t tr n bóng ñá hay) ñ c thù/ñ c trưng/tiêu bi u: a classic example (m t ví d tiêu bi u, ñi n hình) Classic (noun): văn ngh sĩ, tác ph m lưu danh This novel may well become a classic (Tác ph m có th ñư c lưu danh) Classical: c ñi n, kinh ñi n Politic: nh n th c ñúng/ khôn ngoan/ trang tr ng I don’t think it would be politic to ask for loan just now (Tôi cho r ng s không khôn ngoan n u h i vay m t kho n lúc này.) Political: thu c v tr A political career (m t s nghi p tr ) Trang 118 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS English Grammar Review • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) Continual: liên t c l p ñi l p l i (hành ñ ng có tính cách quãng) Please stop your continual questions (Xin h i l p ñi l p l i th ) Continous: liên miên/su t (hành ñ ng tính cách quãng) A continous flow of traffic (Dòng xe c ch y liên miên b t t n) As (liên t ) = Như + Subject + verb When in Roma, as Romans (Nh p gia tùy t c) Like (tính t dùng m t gi i t ) + noun/noun phrase He fought like a mad man (Anh ta chi n ñ u ñiên d i) Alike (adj.): gi ng nhau, tương t Although they are brother, they don’t look alike Alike (adverb): The climate here is always hot, summer and winter alike As: như/ v i tư cách (dùng so sánh b n thân ch ng có ch c v t/ngư i ñư c so sánh) Let me speak to you as a father (Hãy ñ nói v i c u m t ngư i cha) Like: (dùng so sánh b n thân ch ng cái/ngư i so sánh không ph i m t ho c ch c ñ ng nh t) Let me speak to you like a man above (Hãy ñ nói v i anh m t ngư i b trên) Before: trư c ñây/trư c ñó (dùng so sánh m t th v i t t c th khác lo i) She has never seen such a beautiful picture before (Cô ta chưa bao gi nhìn th y m t b c tranh ñ p th trư c ñây) Before: Trư c (ch m t s vi c x y trư c m t s vi c khác kh , thư ng dùng v i Past Perfect) He lived in France in 1912, he had lived in England years before Ago: trư c (tính t hi n t i tr ngư c v kh , thư ng dùng v i Simple Past) I went to England years ago Certain: ch c ch n (bi t s th c) Certainly/ I’m certain that he didn’t steal it (Tôi ch c ch n r ng h n ta không l y ñó) Sure: tin r ng (không bi t ch c, nói theo c m nh n, nghĩa y u certain) Surely/ I am sure that he did not steal it (Tôi tin r ng h n không l y th ñó) Indeed: Very+indeed (sau m t tính t ho c m t phó t ) Thank you very much indeed I was very pleased indeed to hear from you Indeed dùng sau to be ho c m t tr ñ ng t nh m xác nh n ho c nh n m nh cho s ñ ng ý (thư ng dùng câu tr l i ng n) It is cold / - It is indeed Henny made a fool of himself / - He did indeed Ill (British English) = Sick (American English) = m George didn’t come in last week because he was ill (=he was sick) Sick + Noun = m y u/ b nh t t He spent 20 years looking after his sick father (Ngư i cha b nh t t) Be sick = Fell sick = Nôn/ bu n nôn/ say (tàu, xe ) I was sick times in the night (tôi nôn l n ñêm) Trang 119 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS English Grammar Review • • • • • • • • Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) I feel sick Where’s the bath room? (tôi th y bu n nôn, phòng t m ñâu?) She is never sea-sick (Cô y ch ng bao gi say sóng c ) Welcome (adjective) = ñư c mong ñ i/ ñư c ch ñ i t lâu/ thú v A welcome guest (Khách quí/ khách b y lâu mong ñ i) A welcome gift (Món quà thú v ñư c ch ñ i t lâu) Welcome to + noun = Có quy n, ñư c phép s d ng You are welcome to any book in my library (Anh có quy n l y b t kỳ quy n sách thư vi n c a tôi) Welcoming (phân t c u t o t ñ ng t welcome dùng làm tính t ) Chào ñón/ ñón ti p ân c n This country have given me a welcoming feeling (X s ñã dành cho m t tình c m chào ñón ân c n) Hoan nghênh/ Tán ñ ng (ý ki n) To show a welcoming idea (B c l m t ý ki n tán ñ ng) Be certain/ sure of + verb-ing: ch c ch n (ñ c p ñ n tình c m c a ngư i ñang ñư c nói ñ n) Before the game she felt certain of winning, but after a few minutes she realized it wasn’t going to be easy You seem very sure of passing the exam, I hope you are right Be certain/ sure + to + verb: ch c ch n s ph i (ñ c p ñ n tình c m c a ngư i nói ho c vi t câu ñó): The repairs are certain to cost more than you think Elaine is sure to win-the other girl hasn’t got a chance Be interested + to + verb: Th y thích : I’m interested to read in the paper that scientists have found out how to talk to whales (Tôi th y thích/ thú v ) Be interested in + verb-ing/ Be interested + to + verb:Mu n bi t/ mu n phát hi n ra/ mu n tìm : I’m interested in finding out/ to find out what she did with all that money (Tôi mu n bi t cô ta ñã làm v i ng n y ti n) Be interested in + verb-ing: Th y thích/ thích/ mu n I’m interested in learning higher education in the U.S 47 Cách s d ng gi i t • • • • During = su t (ho t ñ ng di n liên t c) From = t >< to = ñ n From to = t ñ n (dùng cho th i gian nơi ch n) From time to time = ñôi khi, th nh tho ng Out of=ra kh i>< up to date = m i, c p nh t Out of work = th t nghi p, m t vi c Out of the question = không th Out of order = h ng, không ho t ñ ng By: ñ ng t ch chuy n ñ ng + by = ñi ngang qua (walk by the library) ñ ng t tĩnh + by = g n (your books are by the window) Trang 120 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS English Grammar Review • • Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) by + th i gian c th = trư c lúc, cho ñ n lúc (hành ñ ng cho ñ n lúc ñó ph i x y ra) by + phương ti n giao thông = ñi b ng by then = cho ñ n lúc ñó (dùng cho c QK TL) by way of= theo ñư ng = via by the way = m t cách tình c , ng u nhiên by the way = by the by = nhân ñây, nhân ti n by far + so sánh (thư ng so sánh b c nh t)=>dùng ñ nh n m nh by accident = by mistake = tình c , ng u nhiên >< on purose In = bên In + month/year In time for = In good time for = Đúng gi (thư ng k p làm gì, s m gi ñã ñ nh m t chút) In the street = dư i lòng ñư ng In the morning/ afternoon/ evening In the past/future = trư c kia, kh / tương lai In future = from now on = t tr ñi In the begining/ end = at first/ last = tho t ñ u/ r t cu c In the way = ñ ngang l i, ch n l i Once in a while = ñôi khi, th nh tho ng In no time at all = nháy m t, m t thoáng In the mean time = meanwhile = lúc In the middle of (ñ a ñi m)= gi a In the army/ airforce/ navy In + the + STT + row = hàng th In the event that = trư ng h p mà In case = ñ phòng khi, ng nh Get/ be in touch/ contact with Sb = liên l c, ti p xúc v i On = b m t: On + th tu n/ ngày tháng On + a/the + phương ti n giao thông = chuy n/ ñã lên chuy n On + ph = ñ a ch (như B.E : in + ph ) On the + STT + floor = t ng th On time = v a ñúng gi (b t ch p ñi u ki n bên ngoài, nghĩa m nh in time) On the corner of = góc ph (gi a hai ph ) Chú ý: In the corner = góc At the corner = góc ngoài/ t i góc ph On the sidewalk = pavement = v a hè Chú ý: On the pavement (A.E.)= m t ñư ng nh a (Don’t brake quickly on the pavement or you can slice into another car) On the way to: ñư ng ñ n >< on the way back to: ñư ng tr v On the right/left On T.V./ on the radio On the phone/ telephone = g i ñi n tho i, nói chuy n ñi n tho i On the phone = nhà có m c ñi n tho i (Are you on the phone?) On the whole= nói chung, v ñ i th Trang 121 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS English Grammar Review • • Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) On the other hand = nhiên= however Chú ý: On the one hand = m t m t on the other hand = m t khác (On the one hand, we must learn the basic grammar, and on the other hand, we must combine it with listening comprehension) on sale = for sale = có bán, ñ bán on sale (A.E.)= bán h giá = at a discount (B.E) on foot = ñi b At = t i At + s nhà At + th i gian c th At home/ school/ work At night/noon (A.E : at noon = at twelve = gi a trưa (she was invited to the party at noon, but she was 15 minutes late)) At least = chí ít, t i thi u >< at most = t i ña At once =ngay l p t c At present/ the moment = now Chú ý: thành ng tương ñương v i presently presently se khác v nghĩa n u ñ ng v trí khác câu: Sentence + presently (= soon): t c ( She will be here presently/soon) Presently + sentence (= Afterward/ and then) : sau ñó (Presently, I heard her leave the room) S + to be + presently + Ving = at present/ at the moment ( He is presently working toward his Ph.D degree) At times = ñôi khi, th nh tho ng At first = tho t ñ u >< at last = cu i At the beginning of / at the end of = ñ u/ cu i (dùng cho th i gian ñ a ñi m) At + tên ngày l : at Christmas, at Thanks Giving Nhưng on + tên ngày l + day = on Christmas day Trong d ng informal E., on trư c th tu n ñôi b lư c b : She is going to see her boss (on) Sun morning At/in/on thư ng ñư c không dùng thành ng ch th i gian có m t: next, last, this, that, one, any, each, every, some, all At + ñ a ñi m : at the center of the building At + nh ng ñ a ñi m l n (khi xem m t nơi trung chuy n ho c g p g ): The plane stopped hour at Washington D.C before continuing on to Atlanta At + tên nhà l n (khi xem hành ñ ng s x y ñó ch không ñ c p ñ n nhà) : There is a good movie at the Center Theater At + tên riêng t ch c: She works at Legal & General Insurence At + tên riêng nơi trư ng s ho c khu v c ñ i h c: She is studying at the London school of Economics At + tên ho t ñ ng qui t thành nhóm: at a party/ lecture M t s thành ng dùng v i gi i t On the beach: b bi n Along the beach: d c theo b bi n In place of = Instead of: thay cho, thay Trang 122 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) English Grammar Review For the most part: là, ch y u = mainly In hope of + V-ing = Hoping to + V = Hoping that + sentence = v i hi v ng off and on: dai d ng, tái h i all of a sudden= suddenly = b ng nhiên for good = forever: vĩnh vi n, mãi 48 M t s ng ñ ng t thư ng g p Đó nh ng ñ ng t k t h p v i 1, ho c ñôi gi i t , k t h p chúng thay ñ i h n so v i nghĩa ban ñ u • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • d ng v y ng nghĩa c a To break off: ch m d t, c t ñ t, ño n t To bring up: nêu ra, ñưa lên m t v n ñ To call on: yêu c u / ñ n thăm To care for: thích / trông nom, săn sóc (look after) To check out (of/from) a library: mư n sách thư vi n v To check out: ñi u tra, xem xét To check out (of): làm th t c ñ (khách s n, sân bay) check in To check (up) on: ñi u tra, xem xét To close in (on): ti n l i g n, ch y l i g n To come along with: ñi v i To count on = depend on = rely on To come down with: m c ph i m t b nh Do away with = get rid of: t ng kh , lo i b , tr kh To daw up = to draft: so n th o (m t k ho ch, m t h p ñ ng) To drop out of = to withdraw from: b (ñ c bi t b h c gi a ch ng) To figure out: Hình dung ñư c, hi u ñư c To find out: khám phá ra, phát hi n To get by: L n h i qua ngày, s ng sót qua ñư c To get through with: k t thúc To get through to: thông tin ñư c cho ai, g i ñư c cho (ñi n tho i), tìm cách làm cho hi u To get up: d y/ t ch c To give up: b , t b To go along with: ñ ng ý v i To hold on to: v n gi v ng, trì To hold up: cư p / v n gi v ng, v n trì, v n s ng bình thư ng, v n dùng ñư c (b t ch p s c ép bên ho c s d ng lâu) To keep on doing smt: v n ti p t c không ng ng làm To look after: trông nom, săn sóc To look into: ñi u tra, xem xét To pass out = to faint: ng t (n i ñ ng t , không dùng b ñ ng) To pick out: ch n ra, l a ra, nh t To point out: ch ra, v ch To put off: trì hoãn, ñình hoãn To run across: khám phá, phát hi n (tình c ) To run into sb: g p b t ng Trang 123 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS English Grammar Review • • • • • • • • Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) To see about to: lo l ng, săn sóc, ch y v y To take off: c t cánh to land To take over for: thay th cho to talk over: bàn so n, th o lu n v to try out: th nghi m, dùng th (s n ph m) to try out for: th vai, th gi ng (1 v k ch, bu i bi u di n) To turn in: giao n p, ñ trình / ñi ng To watch out for: c nh giác, ñ m t, trông ch ng (c nghĩa ñen l n nghĩa bóng) B ng ñ ng t b t quy t c Present be Past was, were Past Participle been become became become begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought build built built burst burst burst buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cut cut cut deal dealt dealt did done drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown forbid forbade forbidden Trang 124 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS English Grammar Review forget forgive forgot forgave forgotten forgiven freeze froze frozen get got gotten give gave given go went gone grow grew grown have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept know knew known lay laid laid lead led led leave left left let let let lie lay lain lose lost lost make made made meet met met pay paid paid quit quit quit read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said see saw seen seek sought sought sell sold sold send sent sent shake shook Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) shaken Trang 125 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS English Grammar Review shine sing shone sang shone sung sit sat sat sleep slept slept speak spoke spoken spend spent spent spring sprang sprung stand stood stood steal stole stolen swim swam swum swing swung swung take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw Copyright Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) thrown understand understood understood wake woke (waked) woken (waked) wear wore worn win won won write wrote written Trang 126 Please visit our website for more English study materials, including level A, B, C, TOEFL and IELTS