Hardly did the noise next door stopped when it was midnight.. He started computer programming as soon as he left school.. No sooner had he started computer programming than he left schoo
Trang 1T H E I N V E R S I O N ( ĐẢO NGỮ GIỮA CHỦ TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ )
Người Anh thường đảo ngữ câu để nhấn mạnh Có nhiều cách đảo ngữ khác nhau
I Đảo ngữ trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc phương hướng
Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn gồm có HERE và THERE, và nhóm chữ giới từ chỉ nơi chốn.
Ta đặt trang từ ( hoặc nhóm chữ chỉ nơi chốn ) đứng đầu câu, động từ đi trước chủ từ, và không dùng TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ để đảo.
Thí dụ : - The bus comes here > Here comes the bus
- A frog sat on the grass > On the grass sat a frog.
- Thirteen candles are on the birthday cake On the birthday cake are thirteen candles
II Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện
1 CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1.
Ta bỏ IF và đặt SHOULD đầu câu
Thí dụ : - If you have difficulty finding a job, ask him for help
> Should you have difficulty finding a job, ask him for help.
2 CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2 : Có 2 trường hợp :
a Câu điều kiện với WERE.
Ta bỏ IF, đặt WERE đúng đầu câu
Thí dụ : - If I were you, I would take the job
> Were I you, I would take the job.
b Câu điều kiện với các động từ khác.
Ta bỏ IF, đặt WERE đứng đầu câu, động từ ở mệnh đề Ifù trả về dạng "to infinitive"
Thí dụ : - If you worked for him, you would have the opportunity to promote
> Were you to work for him, you would have the opportunity to promote.
3 CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3.
Ta bỏ IF và đưa HAD ra đứng đầu câu
Thí dụ : - If he had got up early, he would have caught the first train
Had he got up early, he would have caught the first train
III Đảo ngữ mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ kết quả
Ta đặt So + Adj ra đứng đầu câu rồi đến"to be" hoặc trợ động từ trước chủ từ.
Thí dụ : - He is so lazy that he always gets bad marks
> So lazy is he that he always gets bad marks.
- She looks so fat that everyone laughs at her
> So fat does she look that everyone laughs at her.
- She bought so many things that she couldn't bring all of them home
> So many things did she buy that she couldn't bring all of them home.
Trang 2IV Ñạo ngöõ vôùi caùc tráng töø phụ ñònh vaø baùn phụ ñònh.
- Caùc tráng töø phụ ñònh goăm coù : Never, No longer, Not only, Nowhere, At no time.
Under no circumstance.
- Caùc tráng töø baùn phụ ñònh goăm coù : Seldom, Rarely, Scarcely, Little, Hardly.
Ñeơ ñạo ngöõ, ta ñaịt "to be" hoaịc trôï ñoông töø tröôùc chụ töø.
Thí dú : - I have never seen such a best film before.
> Never have I seen such a best film before
- She is not only intelligent but she is also hard-working
> Not only is she intelligent but she is also hard-working.
- He hardly thinks of going abroad.
> Hardly does he think of going abroad.
- We seldom go to school on Sundays.
> Seldom do we go to school on Sundays.
V Ñạo ngöõ vôùi tráng töø ONLY
Ñeơ ñạo ngöõ, ta phại ñem nhoùm chöõ baĩt ñaău baỉng ONLY ra ñaău cađu, sau ñoù môùi ñạo ngöõ Thí dú : - That man works only for the love of money.
> Only for the love of money does that man work.
- You can only become a good athlete by practicing every day
> Only by practicing every day can you become a good athlete.
- This tree has flowers only once a year.
> Only once a years does this tree have flowers.
VI Ñạo ngöõ vôùi NOT UNTIL
Ta ñem NOT UNTIL ra ñaău cađu vaø ñạo ngöõ gioẫng nhö ONLY
Thí dú : - Mary didn't begin to read until she was 8.
> Not until she was 8 did Mary begin to read.
- I didn't recognize him until he came into the light.
> Not umtil he came into the light did I recognize him.
CHUÙ YÙ :
* Ta coù theơ duøng caâu truùc nhaân mánh " It was that " vôùi caùc thí dú tređn.
- It was not until she was 8 that Mary began to read ( khođng ñạo ngöõ, nghia như nhau )
* NOT UNTIL vaø ONLY WHEN coù theơ thay theâ cho nhau.
Thí dú : - He didn't know about the truth until he grew up.
> Only when he grew up did he know about the truth.
VI Ñạo ngöõ vôùi :
- NO SOONER THAN ) Vöøa môùi
- HARDLY WHEN ) thì
- SCARCELY WHEN )
Thí dú : - I had no sooner arrived home than it began to rain.
> No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
- He had hardly begun the trip when he fell ill.
> Hardly had he begun the trip when he fell ill.
- She had scarcely put the phone down when her boss rang back
-> Scarcely had she put the phone down when her boss rang back
Trang 3E X E R C I S E
I N V E R S I O N
I
Chọn một từ / nhóm từ thích hợp cho mỗi chỗ trống để hoàn thành những câu sau
1 , you would have succeeded in your business.
A If you listened to my advice B Were you to listen to my advice
C Had you listened to my advice D As long as you listened to my advice
2 She doesn’t like classical music and _
A I don’t, too B I don’t, either C neither do I D B and C are correct
3 Little what he has caused to others
A does he know B he knows C he can know D he will know
4 had he entered the office than he realized that he had left his wallet at home
5 a week goes by without some road accidents
II
Tìm lỗi sai ở những từ / cụm từ gạch chân được đánh dấu A, B, C và D.
6 We cannot clean up all the polluted seas and rivers Nor we can stop the disappearance of plants
A B C (can we) D
and animals
7 Hardly had he entered the office when he realized that he forgot his wallet.
A B C D (had forgotten)
8 It was not until he was 30 did he get married , had a job and lived independently of his parents.
A B (that he got married) C D
9 Never before has so many people in the U.S been interested in soccer.
A B (have) C D
10 Not only did he spend all his money but also he borrowed some from me
A B C (but he also) D
III
Chọn câu viết lại có nghĩa tương đương.
11 I write to her almost every day.
A Not a day goes by unless my writing to her
B Hardly does a day go by without my writing to her.
C No day go by without my writing to her
D Almost every day goes by without my writing for her
12 The noise next door didn’t stop until midnight.
A It was not until midnight that the noise next door stopped.
B Not until midnight did the noise next door stopped
C Only when midnight did the noise next door stopped
D Hardly did the noise next door stopped when it was midnight
13 He started computer programming as soon as he left school.
A No sooner had he started computer programming than he left school
B Hardly had he started computer programming when he left school
C No sooner had he left school than he started computer programming.
D After he left school, he had started computer programming
Trang 414 He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me.
A As soon as he borrowed some money from me, he spent it all
B Hardly had he borrowed some money from me when he spent it all
C Not only did he spent all his money but also he borrowed some from me
D Not only did he spend all his money but he borrowed some from me as well
15 She only felt relaxed after a few months working for him.
A She used to feel relaxed working for him a few months
B A few months ago, she didn’t find it relaxed working for him
C Only after a few months working for him did she feel relaxed.
D It was not until a few months working for him did she feel relaxed
16 Right after his appointment to the post, he fell ill.
A No sooner did he appointed to the post than he fell ill
B No sooner had he appointed to the post than he fell ill
C Hardly had he appointed to the post when he fell ill
D Hardly had he been appointed to the post when he fell ill.
17 Just after solving one problem, I was faced with another.
A Scarcely had I solved one problem when I was faced with another
B Hardly had I solved one problem when I was faced with another
C No sooner had I solved one problem than I was faced with another
D All are correct.
18 A country cannot be prosperous if it is not quite independent.
A Unless a country is quite independent, it can be prosperous
B Without complete independence, a country can be prosperous
C Only when a country is quite independent can it be prosperous.
D It is not until a country is quite independent can it be prosperous
19 I only recognized him when he came into the light.
A Only when I recognized him, he came into the light
B It wasn’t until he came into the light that I recognized him
C Not until he came into the light I did recognize him
D I did not recognize him even when he came into the light
20 We couldn’t relax until all the guests had left.
A Not until all the guests had left could we relax
B It wasn’t until all the guests had left that we could relax
C It wasn’t until all the guests had left could we relax
D A and B are correct
21 The phone stopped ringing the moment I got downstairs
A No sooner had the phone stopped ringing than I got downstairs
B After the phone had stopped ringing, I got downstairs
C Hardly had the phone stopped ringing when I got downstairs
D No sooner had I got downstairs than the phone stopped ringing
22 The light failed the moment they began work.
A But for the light failed, they would have begun work
B Hardly did they begin work when the light failed
C Hardly had they begun work when the light failed
D As soon as the light failed, they began work
23 She didn’t shed a tear as the play ended in tragedy.
A The tragedy play wasn’t good for her to shed tear
B Without her tear, the play didn’t end tragically
C So tragic was the play that she didn’t shed a tear
D Not a tear did she shed when the play ended in tragedy
Trang 5IV
Chọn phương án đúng ( A, B, C, hoặc D ) để hoàn thành mỗi câu sau
24 It was not until she had arrived home _ her appointment with the doctor
25 Canada does not require that U.S citizens obtain passports to enter the country, and _
C Mexico doesn’t, either D neither is Mexico
26 , he would have been able to pass the exam
A If he studied harder last year B Provided he studied hard last year
C Studying harder last year D Had he studied harder last year
27 _ will Mr Dennis be able to regain control of the company
C Only if he works hardly D Only by working hard
28 had I arrived home than it began to rain
29 My father paid my fees _that, I wouldn’t be here now
30 Only after food has been dried or canned .
A it should be stored for future use B that it should be stored for future use
C should it be stored for future use. D should it store for future use