Tài liệu tiếng anh về chủ đề môi trường ( Luyện thi THPT quốc gia )

WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Tổng hợp tài liệu tiếng anh môi trường Multiple choice Question 1: My sister is an expert in wildlife and its _ A conversation B: preparation C: reservation D: conservation Question 2: Smoke, dirt and noise are all kinds of _ A pollute B polluted C pollution D pollutant Question 3: As tourism is more developed, people worry about the damage to the flora and fauna of the island A fruits and vegetables B flowers and trees C plants and animals D mountains and forests Question 4: Earthquakes are regarded as one of the most devastating forces known to man A terrifying B destrutive C fasnating D mysterious Question 5: There was a terrible storm on the night we first stayed at the campsite but we were alright with our tent and were dry as a A bone B cover C coat D sheet Question Scientists warn of the impending extinction of many species of plants and animals A irrefutable B imminent C formidable D absolute Question 7: is the existence of a large number of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment A extinction B biodiversity C habitat D conservation Question 8: Each year about fifty hundred species of plants and animals are already being eliminated A dropped B removed C kicked D tossed Question 9: : Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is the one the most A that influences farmers B farmers that is influences C why farmers influence it D it influences farmers Question 10: The air is naturally contaminated by foreign matter such as plant pollens and dust A polluted B occupied C filled D concentrated Question 11:Extinction means a situation _ a plan , an animal or a way of life ect … stops existing A to which B in which C on which D for which Question 12: Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture A destruction B contamination C fertilizer D variety Question 13: In many big cities, people have to up with noise, overcrowding and bad air A keep B catch C face D put Question 14: _ in the atmosphere is the temperature falling below freezing A Frost is produced B Frost produces C What produces frost D What is frost produced Question 15: A number of wildlife reserves have been established endangered species can have a chance to survive and develop A therefore B in order to C so that D so as to Question 16 Endangered species by the World Wildlife Fund A will protect B would protect C be protected D are protected Question 17 The recycling of waste paper save a great amount of wood pulp A had better B need C can D dare Ngoaingu24h.vn – Giỏi người ngữ Question 18: Many scientists agree that global warming poses great threats to all species on Earth A annoyances B risks C irritations D fears Question 19: In some countries, the disease burden could be prevented through environmental improvements A something to suffer B something sad C something to entertain D something enjoyable Question 20 Population expansion seems to surpass the ability of the earth to meet food A the requirement of B the command of C the demand for D the necessity for Cloze test Mark the letter A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the blank from 21 to 30 Parrots and macaws have become so (21) that special varieties of these birds are (22) up to £9,000 each on the black market in Britain Macaws from Brazil cost from £1,000 and parrots from Australia can cost £7,500 a pair The demand for parrots, cockatoos and macaws has led to a (23) increase in thefts from zoos, wildlife parks and pet shops London and Whipsnade zoos are among the many places from which parrots have been stolen Some thefts have not been (24) in an effort to prevent further (25) Parrot rustling, as it is known among bird fanciers, has increased rapidly in Britain since 1976 when imports and exports of (26) birds became (27) controlled Quarantine controls, (28) with the scarcity of many types of parrots in the wild in Africa, Australia, Indonesia, and South America, have caused a shortage of birds which can be sold legally under (29) This has sent prices to (30) levels Working at night and equipped with wire-cutters, nets and substances to dope the birds, the rustlers are prepared to take serious risks to capture the parrots they want At Birdworld, a specialist zoo, thieves stole two parrots after picking their way through an enclosure containing cassowaries, The cassowary is a large flightless bird, related to the emu, which can be extremely agressive, and has been known to kill humans with blows from its powerful legs Question 21: Question 22: Question 23: Question 24: Question 25: Question 26: Question 27: Question 28: Question 29: Question 30: A costly A raising A acute A published A Happenings A unusual A tightly A coupled A warranty A unknown B: extinct B: reaching B: peak B: publicised B: incidents B: uncommon B: hardly B: doubled B: guarantee B: unheard C: outlandish C: lifting C: sharp C: advertised C: acts C: exotic C: toughly C: attached C: licence C: record D: rare D: fetching D: high D: told D: activities D: strange D: grimly D: accompanied D: law D: highest Giải thích từ vựng: To take (a) risk :mạo hiểm Pick one’s way through st: cẩn thận, thận trọng, rón Record level: mức kỉ lục costly /'kɔstli/(adj) đắt tiền, q giá outlandish /aut'lỉndiʃ/(adj) xa xơi, hẻo lánh, kỳ dị, rare /reə/(adj) hiếm, có, có fetch /fetʃ/ (v) tìm về, đem ,bán sharp /ʃɑ:p/(adj) sắt, nhọn, bén rõ ràng, rõ rệt, sắc nét nhanh, mạnh peak /pi:k/(n) đỉnh, chỏm chóp (núi); đầu nhọn (của râu, ngạnh) acute /'əkju:t/(adj) sắc, sắc bén, sắc sảo; nhạy, tinh, thính publicisengoại (v) đưa cơng khai; làm cho thiên hạ biết đến incident /'insidənt/(n) việc xảy ra, việc bất ngờ xảy ra, việc tình cờ xảy exotic /eg'zɔtik/(adj) nước đưa vào, ngoại lai (cây cỏ, từ, mốt)kỳ lạ, kỳ cục; đẹp kỳ lạ TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN tightly /'taitli/(adv) chặt chẽ, sít ((nghĩa đen) & (nghĩa bóng)) grimly(adv) khơng lay chuyển được, dứt khoát couple /'kʌpl/ (v) buộc thành cặp, ghép thành cặp, kết đôinối hợp lại, ghép lại licence /'laisəns/ (n) cho phép; giấy phép, môn bài, đăng ký bằng, chứng warranty /'wɔrənti/(n) cho phép; phép, quyền (được làm việc gì) guarantee /,gỉrən'ti:/(n) (pháp lý) bảo đảm, cam đoan; bảo lãnh misappropriate /'misə'proupri'eiʃn/ (v) lạm tiêu, biển thủ, tham ô rob /rɔb/ngoại (v) cướp, cướp đoạt; lấy trộm aggressive /ə'gresiv/(adj) xâm lược, xâm lăng,cơng kích,hay gây sự, gây gỗ, gây hấn, hăng, hùng hổ bad-tempered /'bỉd'tempəd/(adj) xấu tính hay cáu, dễ nóng rough /rʌf/(adj) ráp, nhám, xù xì, gồ ghề, bờm xờm, lởm chởm dội, mạnh, dữ, bảo tố, động (biển); xấu (thời tiết) Dịch nghĩa: Vẹt đuôi dài trở nên (21) mà mà giống đặc biệt loài chim (22) bán với giá lên đến £ 9.000 thị trường chợ đen Anh Macaws từ Brazil có giá từ £ 1.000 vẹt từ Úc có giá 7.500 £ cặp.Nhu cầu vẹt, vẹt đuôi dài dẫn đến (23) tăng mạnh vụ trộm cắp từ vườn thú,công viên động vật hoang dã cửa hàng thú cưng Vườn thú London Whipsnade nhiều nơi mà từ vẹt bị đánh cắp /Một số vụ trộm cắp không (24) công khai để cố gắng ngăn chặn (25) việc sau Trộm vẹt, biết đến với người sành chơi chim, tăng lên nhanh chóng Anh kể từ năm 1976 nhập xuất (26) giống chim lạ trở nên (27) bị kiểm soát chặt chẽ Cách ly kiểm dịch, (28) với khan nhiều loại vẹt hoang dã châu Phi, Australia, Indonesia, Nam Mỹ, gây thiếu hụt lồi chim mà bán cách hợp pháp với (29) cấp giấy phép Điều làm giá tăng tới mức(30) kỷ lục Hoạt động vào ban đêm trang bị dây cắt, lưới chất để gây mê chim, kẻ ăn trộm chuẩn bị mạo hiểm để nắm bắt vẹt họ muốn Tại Birdworld, sở thú đặc biệt, tên trộm lấy trộm hai vẹt sau qua đường thơng qua hàng rào vây quanh có chứa đà điểu, Các giống đà điểu úc châu lồi chim bay lớn, có họ với emu, động vật mà hăng, được biết đến giết người với cú đánh từ đôi chân khỏe mạnh Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D)) that best fits the blank space in the following passage: Environmental Concerns Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life (31) _ human activities are making the planet less fit to live on As the western world (32) _ on consuming two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population so just to stay alive we are rapidly destroying the (33) _ resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper Everywhere fertile soil is (34) _ built on or washed into the sea Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover (35) _ We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences As a (36) _ the planet's ability to support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are (37) _ increasingly heavy demands on it The Earth's (38) _ resources are there for us to use We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to (39) _ us fed, comfortable, healthy and active If we are sensible in how we use the resources, they will (40) _ indefinitely But if we use them wastefully and excessively, they will soon run out and everyone will suffer Question 31: A Although B Yet C Still D Despite Question 32: A continues B repeats C follows D carries Question 33: A individual B alone C very D solitary Question 34: A neither B sooner C rather D either Ngoaingu24h.vn – Giỏi người ngữ Question 35: A utterly Question 36: A result Question 37: A making Question 38: A living Question 39: A maintain Question 40: A remain B completely B reaction B doing B real B stay B go C quite C development C having C natural C hold C last D greatly D product D taking D genuine D keep D stand Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks 41 to 50 We are using up the world’s petroleum We use (41) _in our cars and to heat our building in winter Farmers use petrochemicals to (42) _ the soil rich They use them to kill insects (43) _eat plants These chemicals go (44) rivers and lakes and kill the fish there Thousands of pollutants also go into the air and pollute it Winds carry this (45) _ air to other countries and other continents Poor farmers use the same land over and (46) The land needs a rest so it will be better next year However, the farmers must have food this year Poor people cut down forests (47) _ firewood In some areas when the trees are gone, the land (48) _ desert Poor people can’t save the environment for the (49) _ This is not a problem for one country or one area of the world It is a problem for all- humans The people and the nations of the world must work together to (50) _ the world’s resources Question 41: A it B them C that D those Question 42: A work B change C make D let Question 43: A what B who C whom D which Question 44: A out B for C at D into Question 45: A pollute B polluting C polluted D pollution Question 46: A over B again C repeatedly D repeating Question 47: A of B for C with D at Question 48: A gets B changes C turns D becomes Question 49: A future B time being C times D period Question 50: A recycle B preserve C keep D reuse Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D)) that best fits the blank space in the following passage: Environmental Concerns Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life (71) _ human activities are making the planet less fit to live on As the western world (72) _ on consuming two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population so just to stay alive we are rapidly destroying the (73) _ resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper Everywhere fertile soil is (74) _ built on or washed into the sea Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover (75) _ We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences As a (76) _ the planet's ability to support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are (77) _ increasingly heavy demands on it The Earth's (78) _ resources are there for us to use We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to (79) _ us fed, comfortable, healthy and active If we are sensible in how we use the resources, they will (80) _ indefinitely But if we use them wastefully and excessively, they will soon run out and everyone will suffer Question 71: A Although Question 72: A continues Question 73: A individual Question 74: A neither Question 75: A utterly Question 76: A result B Yet B repeats B alone B sooner B completely B reaction TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE C Still C follows C very C rather C quite C development D Despite D carries D solitary D either D greatly D product WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Question 77: A making Question 78: A living Question 79: A maintain Question 80: A remain B doing B real B stay B go C having C natural C hold C last D taking D genuine D keep D stand Reading Comprehension Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 51 to 60 The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean It stretches southward across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen group It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, make its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams The pipe is feet in diameter and up to million barrels or 84 million gallons of crude oil can be pumped through it daily Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents,” long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate , the tortuous lay of the land , and the varied compositions of soil , rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground The remainder is buried anywhere from to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the cost Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline –construction fund according to the size of its holdings Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completes and is operating Dịch nghĩa: Đường ống dẫn dầu Alaska bắt đầu rìa đơng Bắc Băng Dương Nó trải dài phía nam tồn tiểu bang lớn cực Bắc Hoa Kỳ, kết thúc làng cảng biển xa khoảng 800 dặm từ nơi bắt đầu Nó có kích thước lớn hoạt động vơ phức tạp Ống thép qua đồng lộng gió vơ tận lãnh nguyên đẹp đứng đầu nhóm đóng băng Nó qua hẻm núi quanh co, vượt núi, đâm vách đá lởm chởm , tự theo cách thông qua rừng rậm rạp, qua hàng trăm sông suối Các đường ống rộng feet có đường kính lên tới triệu barrel 84 triệu gallon dầu thơ bơm qua hàng ngày Đặt kệ thép hình chữ H gọi "chổ uốn cong," phần dài đường ống ngoằn ngoèo theo kỹ thuật cao trái đất đ Phần khác dài thả khỏi mặt đất xốp đá quay trở lại bề mặt Các mơ hình tuyến đường lên xuống đường ống xác định địi hỏi khắc nghiệt khí hậu Bắc cực cận Bắc Cực, chỗ quanh co, thành phần khác đất, đá, đóng băng vĩnh cửu vĩnh viễn đóng băng mặt đất Khoảng nửa số đường ống nâng lên cao mặt đất Phần lại chôn cất đâu khoảng 3-12 feet, tùy thuộc phần lớn vào loại địa hình tính chất đất Một ống lớn giới, đường ống dẫn có giá khoảng tỷ USD đến dự án xây dựng lớn đắt thực ngành cơng nghiệp tư nhân Trong thực tế, khơng có kinh doanh tư nhân kiếm nhiều tiền thế, đó, cơng ty dầu lớn hình thành tập đồn để chia sẻ cơng ty kiểm sốt quyền khai thác dầu chi phí Each sang cổ phiếu cụ thể đất lĩnh vực dầu nộp vào quỹ đường ống -Xây dựng theo kích thước cổ phần Ngày nay, vấn đề khí hậu lớn, nguồn cung thiếu hụt, hư hỏng Ngoaingu24h.vn – Giỏi người ngữ thiết bị, bất đồng lao động, địa hình nguy hiểm, quản lý kém, chí trộm cắp, đường ống Alaska hoàn thành vào hoạt động Question 51 : the word “it ” in line refers to A ocean B state C village D pipeline Câu hỏi: Từ “it” dòng Đáp án D: đường ống Các đáp án khác: Ocean (n): đại dương State (n): trạng thái Village (n): làng quê Question 52 : Where in the passage does the author provide a term for an earth covering that always remains frozen ? A line 15 B line C line 12 D line Câu hỏi: Ở đâu đoạn văn tác giả cung cấp thuật ngữ lớp bao phủ trái đất ln ln đóng băng? Đáp án A: dịng 15 Thơng tin câu:” the tortuous lay of the land , and the varied compositions of soil , rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground ” Question 53 : Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay ? A how many people worked for each company B how much oil field land each company owned C how long each company has owned land in the oil fields D how many oil wells were located on the company’s land Câu hỏi: Ý xác định tỉ lệ phần trăm chi phí xây dựng thành viên tập đoàn phải trả tiền? Question 54 : The phrase ” Resting on” in line is closest in meaning to _ A passing under B.consisting of C supported by D protected with Câu hỏi: Cụm từ “Resting on” dòng đồng nghĩa với từ Đáp án C: resting on :đặt trên, dựa vào = supported by: hỗ trợ Question 55 : The passage primarily discusses the pipeline’s A operating costs B construction C employees D consumers Câu hỏi: Đoạn văn thảo luận đường ống Đáp án B: việc xây dựng Các đáp án khác: A.giá vận hành C.công nhân D.người tiêu thụ Question 56 : the word “ undertaken” in line 17 is closest in meaning to A transported B removed C selected D attempted Câu hỏi: Từ “undertaken” dòng 17 đồng nghĩa với từ Đáp án D: attempt : thử sức = undertaken : hứa hẹn, cam kết Các đáp án khác: A.vận chuyển B.loại bỏ C.chọn lựa Question 57 : the word “particular ” in line 19 is closest in meaning to A peculiar B specific C exceptional D equal Câu hỏi: Từ “particular” dòng 19 đồng nghĩa với từ Đáp án B: specific (adj) = particular : rõ ràng, cụ thể Các đáp án khác: Peculiar (adj): nhỏ, bé Exceptional : ngoại trừ TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Equal (adj): cân Question 58 : According to the passage , 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each _ A month B day C week D year Câu hỏi: Theo đoạn văn, 84 triệu gallons dầu chuyển qua ống Đáp án B: day : ngày Thông tin câu : “The pipe is feet in diameter and up to million barrels or 84 million gallons of crude oil can be pumped through it daily” Question 59 : the author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline’s route EXCEPT the _ A kind of soil and rock B lay of the land itself C local vegetation D climate Câu hỏi: Tác giả đề cập tới tất quan trọng xác định lộ trình đường ống ngoại trừ Đáp án C: thảm thực vật địa phương Thông tin đáp án khác có : “The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate , the tortuous lay of the land ,and the varied compositions of soil , rock , or permafrost permanently frozen ground” Question 60 : how many companies shared the cost of constructing the pipeline ? A 11 B C D.8 Câu hỏi: Bao nhiêu công ty chia sẻ giá xây dựng đường ống? Đáp án D: Thông tin câu: “… so major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the cost” Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 61 to 70 Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun’s rays Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures Desertadapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst Question 61: What is the main topic of the passage?' A Weather variations in the desert B: Adaptations of desert animals C: Diseased of desert animals D: Human use of desert animals Dịch nghĩa: Đâu chủ đề đoạn văn?' A Đa dạng thời tiết sa mạc B: Sự thích nghi động vật sa mạc Ngoaingu24h.vn – Giỏi người ngữ C: Bệnh tật động vật sa mạc D: Việc sử dụng động vật sa mạc người Giải thích: Cả đoạn nói đặc điểm thích nghi động vật sa mạc với thời tiết nóng, khơng nhắc đến ý A, C, D Question 62: According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?' A It helps them hide from predators B: It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors C: It helps them see their young at night D: It keeps them cool at night Dịch nghĩa: Theo đoạn văn, có màu sáng lại lợi động vật kích cỡ lớn sa mạc? A Nó giúp chúng tránh kẻ thù B: Nó khơng hấp thụ nhiều ánh nắng màu tối C: Nó giúp chúng nhìn đàn vào ban đềm D: Nó giữ chúng mát mẻ vào ban đêm Giải thích: Thơng tin đoạn “One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun’s rays” Question 63: The word “maintaining” is closest in meaning to A measuring B: inheriting C: preserving D: delaying Dịch nghĩa:: Từ “maintaining” – trì, gần nghĩa với A đo đạc B: thừa hưởng C: bảo tồn D: trì hỗn Question 64: The author uses of Grant’s gazelle as an example of A an animal with a low average temperature B: an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel C: a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures D: a desert animal with a constant body temperature Dịch nghĩa: Tác giả sử dụng linh dương Grant làm ví dụ cho A loài động vật thân nhiệt thấp B: loài động vật khơng thích nghi cao lạc đà C: lồi động vật sa mạc chịu đựng thân nhiệt cao D: loài động vật sa mạc có thân nhiệt ổn định Giải thích: Thơng tin đoạn “desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles” Question 65: When is the internal temperature of a large desert mammal lower?' A Just before sunrise B: In the middle of the day C: Just after sunset D: Just after drinking Dịch nghĩa: Khi nhiệt độ bên thể động vật sa mạc giảm thấp hơn?' A Ngay trước mặt trời mọc B: Vào ngày C: Ngay sau hồng D: Ngay sau uống nước Giải thích: Thơng tin đoạn “The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn” – Giảm dần đêm, thực tế giảm từ lúc hồng Như vậy, chiều hồng nhiệt độ bắt đầu giảm, tiếp tục giảm đêm, suy trước mặt trời mọc giảm nhiều nhất, thân nhiệt lúc thấp TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Question 66: The word “tolerate” is closest in meaning to A endure B: replace C: compensate D: reduce Dịch nghĩa:: Từ “tolerate”- chịu đựng, gần nghĩa với A chịu đựng B: thay C: đền bù D: giảm Question 67: What causes water intoxication?' A Drinking too much water very quickly C: Bacteria in water B: Drinking polluted water D: Lack of water Dịch nghĩa: điều gây ngộ độc nước? A Uống nhiều nước thời gian ngắn B: Uống nước bị ô nhiễm C: Vi khuẩn có nước D: Lack of water Giải thích: Thơng tin đoạn “a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication” Question 68: Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?' A To show how they use camels B: To contrast them to desert mammals C: To give instructions about desert survival D: To show how they have adapted to desert life Dịch nghĩa: Tại tác giả đề cập đến người đoạn 2? A Để cách mà họ sử dụng lạc đà B: Để so sánh với động vật sa mạc C: Để đưa hướng dẫn sinh tồn sa mạc D: cách họ thích nghi với đời sống sa mạc Giải thích: Thơng tin đoạn “Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session… Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.” – Tác giả so sánh khả uống nước vị giác thiếu nước người động vật Question 69: The word “obtain” is closest in meaning to A digest B: carry C: save D: get Dịch nghĩa: Từ “obtain” – lấy, có gần nghĩa với _ A tiêu hóa B: mang C: lưu, tiết kiệm D: lấy Question 70: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of large desert animals?' A Variation in body temperatures B: Eating while dehydrated C: Drinking water quickly D: Being active at night Dịch nghĩa: Trong số câu sau, đâu KHÔNG phải đặc điểm thích nghi động vật sa mạc kích thước lớn? A Đa dạng nhiệt độ thể B: Ăn thiếu nước C: Uống nước nhanh D: Hoạt động vào ban đêm Giải thích: Ý A đoạn 1, ý B C đoạn 3, riêng ý không nhắc tới Ngoaingu24h.vn – Giỏi người ngữ Những loài động vật kích thước lớn sống sa mạc phát triển nhiều đặc điểm thích nghi để giảm thiểu ảnh hưởng sức nóng Một số có màu sáng, thay hấp thụ, phản chiếu ánh sáng Mặt trời Những động vật có vú sa mạc khác với động vật thường vấn đề trì nhiệt độ thể mức ổn định Thay cố gắng hạ nhiệt độ sâu bên thể xuống thấp, tốn nhiều nước lượng, động vật sa mạc nhiệt độ chúng tăng đến ngưỡng sốt, cao khoảng 46 độ C lồi linh dương Grant Cơ thể nóng q mức hạ nhiệt xuống vào ban đêm sa mạc nguội lạnh Và thực tế nhiệt độ giảm thấp cách khác thường từ lúc hoàng hôn, tầm 34 độ C lạc đà Đây lợi ngày, nóng hấp thụ để làm ấm thể, tận ngày sức nóng thừa Một đặc điểm khác động vật kích thước lớn chịu đựng nước thể đến mức mà điểm chết cho động vật khơng thích nghi khác Lạc đà để lượng nước tương đương 30% trọng lượng thể mà không gây hại Trong đó, người chết khoảng 12-13% Một thích nghi khác quan trọng không khả bổ sung lượng nước thiếu lần uống Động vật sa mạc uống lượng nước cực lớn thời gian ngắn, lạc đà chí uống 100 lít nước vài phút Vậy mà người dù thiếu nước uống đủ nước để bù lại lần, dày người khơng đủ to pha lỗng chất dịch thể nhanh gây tử vong ngộ độc nước Khả chịu nước rõ ràng lợi sa mạc, động vật khơng thể gần nguồn nước mà lấy thức ăn từ đồng cỏ xa thưa thớt Động vật thích nghi với sa mạc có khả ăn bình thường khơ hạn, người thường cảm giác ăn ngon tình trạng khát nước bình thường Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucked into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents This vast amount is required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent Thus, the hydrosphere permits organic existence The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water during the summer season Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent Another outstanding charateristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia This characterisitc enables the oceans to absorb and store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climatic extremes In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited Solar evaporation of salt is widely practised, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and magnesium is produced from sea water along the American Gulf Coast Question 81: The author’s main purpose in this passage is to _ A illustrate the importance of conserving water B describe the properties and uses of water C compare water with other liquids D explain how water is used in commerce and industry Question 82: The phrase “this vast amount” in line of paragraph refers to A 80,000 million cubic miles of water B 24,000 cubic miles of rain C 80,000 cubic miles of water D 300 million cubic miles of water Question 83: The word “replenish” in paragraph can best replaced by TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE 10 WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN 1 A fill again B replace C evaporate D form Question 84: According to the passage, fish can survive in the oceans because A evaporation and condensation create a water cycle B there are currents in the oceans C they not need oxygen D ice floats Question 85: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characterisitic of water? A Water can absorb heat B Water is good solvent C Water contracts on cooling D Water expands when it is frozen Question 86: The word “outstanding” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A exceptionally good B special C amusing D important Question 87: According the passage, the hydrosphere is NOT _ A the part of the earth covered by water B responsible for all forms of life C in danger of freezing over D a source of natural resources Question 88: The author’s tone in the passage can best be described as A dispassionate B speculative C biased D dogmatic Question 89: The author organizes the passage by _ A juxtaposition of true and untrue ideas B comparison and contrast C general statement followed by examples D hypothesis and proof Question 90: Which of the following statements would be the most likely to begin the paragraph immediately following the passage? A Water has the ability to erode land B Droughts and flooding are two types of disasters associated with water C Another remarkably property of ice is its strength D Magnesium is widely used in metallurgical processes Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 55 to 64 We are descendents of the ice age Periods of glaciation have spanned the whole of human existence for the past million years The rapid melting of the continental glaciers at the end of the last ice age spurred one of the most dramatic climate changes in the history of the planet During this interglacial time, people were caught up in a cataclysm of human accomplishment, including the development of agriculture and animal husbandry Over the past few thousand years, the Earth’s climate has been extraordinarily beneficial, and humans have prospered exceedingly well under a benign atmosphere Ice ages have dramatically affected life on Earth almost from the very beginning It is even possible that life itself significantly changed the climate All living organisms pull carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and eventually store it in sedimentary rocks within the Earth’s crust If too much carbon dioxide is lost, too much heat escapes out into the atmosphere This can cause the Earth to cool enough for glacial ice to spread across the land In general the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been equalized by the input of carbon dioxide from such events as volcanic eruptions Man, however, is upsetting the equation by burning fossil fuels and destroying tropical rain forests, both of which release stored carbon dioxide This energizes the greenhouse effect and causes the Earth to warm If the warming is significant enough, the polar ice caps eventually melt The polar ice caps drive the atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems Should the ice caps melt, warm tropical waters could circle the globe and make this a very warm, inhospitable planet Over the past century, the global sea level has apparently risen upwards of inches, mainly because of the melting of glacial ice If present warming trends continue, the seas could rise as much as feet by the next century This could flood coastal cities and fertile river deltas, where half the human population lives Ngoaingu24h.vn – Giỏi người ngữ 11 Delicate wetlands, where many marine species breed, also would be reclaimed by the sea In addition, more frequent and severe storms would batter coastal areas, adding to the disaster of the higher seas The continued melting of the great ice sheets in polar regions could cause massive amounts of ice to crash into the ocean This would further raise the sea level and release more ice, which could more than double the area of sea ice and increase correspondingly the amount of sunlight reflected back into space The cycle would then be complete as this could cause global temperatures to drop enough to initiate another ice age Question 91 According to the passage, carbon dioxide is stored in each of the following EXCEPT A polar ice caps B sedimentary rocks C rain forests D fossil fuel Question 92 What does the final paragraph of the passage mainly discuss? A The relationship between the ocean and the sun B The amount of sunlight reflected into space C A rise in global temperatures D The conditions that could lead to an ice age Question 93 Which of the following does the author NOT mention as a consequence of a large rise in global sea level? A The destruction of wetlands B The flooding of cities C A more diverse marine population D Severe storms Question 94 According to the passage, what is the relationship between carbon dioxide and the Earth’s climate? A Carbon dioxide, which is trapped in glacial ice, is released when warm temperatures cause the ice melt B The greenhouse effect, which leads to the warming of the climate, is result of too much carbon stored in the Earth’s crust C Rain causes carbon dioxide to be washed out of the atmosphere and into the ocean D An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide results in the warming of the climate Question 95 The word "beneficial" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to A calm B inviting C thoughtful D favorable Question 96 The word "massive" can be replaced to A wide B huge C dense D thick Question 97 It can be inferred from the passage that the development of agriculture A preceded the development of animal husbandry B withstood vast changes in the Earth’s climate C did not take place during an ice age D was unaffected by the greenhouse effect Question 98 The word “this” in the third paragraph refers to A man’s upsetting the equation B the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide C a volcanic eruption D the melting of the polar ice caps Question 99 The word “inhospitable” is closest in meaning to A imperfect B uninhabitable C unlikable D cruel Question 100 What is the main topic of the passage? A The possibility that the popular ice caps will melt B The coming of another ice age C Man’s effect on the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere D The climate of the Earth over the years ESSAY How to protect the environment? A health environment is essential for human and animal life to survive Consequently, people need protect the environment by many ways First and foremost, we can recycle objects like aluminum cans, glass bottles, paper as well as reuse old things instead of throwing them away Addtionally, we should reduce the usage of water at home in order not to cause or exacerbate water shortages Second, conserving energy is also one of protecting natural resources ways When we not use household appliances such as light bulbs and televisions, turn them off This easy habit can help us save much money without wasting energy TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE 12 WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Finally, driving is one of the biggest causes of pollution Therefore, people should use public transports, for example, buses, underground trains instead of private cars If your home is near offices, riding bicycles or walking is a good choice to help you improve physical health and reduce emissions released by cars In brief, all of us are under an obligation to help save the environment The advantages of travelling by public transportation Travelling by public transportation has become common in the last years and this brings people many benefits In terms of society, using public transportation helps foster a sense of community For example, people travelling together are more likely to feel a social connection and contact with people from every walk of life than those travelling in their own cars This means of transportation also contributes to reducing injuries and fatalities caused by car accidents.A further advantage is that catching public transport may be much cheaper than travelling in a car With respect to big cities , it reduces the need for building vast parking on valuable lands that could be used for highly prized offices Beyond those key benefits, it offers significant environmental advantages.It diminishes the number of cars in the street and thus helps improve air quality, alleviate traffic congestion and noise All things considered, people should use public transportation as a main means of travelling.(156 words) What causes pollution? There are many reasons leading to the pollution all over the world.Firstly, overpopulation is considered the most important factor because the more people are, the more polluted areas we suffer from.This huge number of people makes natural surroundings disappearered to meet the demands of humanity.Another reason is that pollution is caused by what benefits humans esspecially the industrialization.Car consumption or exhaust fumes from factories have bad effect on our environment and even results in air pollution.Lastly, what is central and cannot be left out is public awareness of this issue.For example, there are a large number of people who not have fully awareness of protecting our environment.Such people not turn off light or break laws of cuttting down trees.All things considered, these reasons should be taken into account to prevent our planet from pollution What should be done to solve the problem of environmental pollution? In recent years, environmental pollution has become a serious problem We need something in order to deal with this problem First and foremost, we can save energy-efficient products For example, we should take public transport rather than driving , choose products with less packaging Secondly, we should reuse and recycle glass, paper and plastic By this way, we can help to reduce carbon dioxide and reduce waste Last but not least, government could certainly make more effort to solve environmental pollution They could introduce laws to limit emission from factories or to force companies to use renewable energy from solar, wind or water power For the benefit of ourselves and our children, we must take good care of the Earth and address this situation Measures for protecting endangered animals (about 140 words) There are a number of measures that should be taken to protect endangered animals First, people should be educated not to release toxic chemicals, not to eat rare animals and not to pollute the environment In addition, people should organize different activities to raise people's awareness of the urgen needs to protect these animals At the sam time, they should appeal for govermental agencies in the world to contribute to the programmes of protecting and preserving the flora and fauna that are driven to the verge of extincion Moreover, funds should be raised for the projects to save these animals Besides these, goverments should enact laws to ban activities that can damage or destroy the nature In short, if these measures are taken, our planet might be a peaceful and beautiful place for all kinds of being to live in Ngoaingu24h.vn – Giỏi người ngữ 13