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Multiple Choice Exam Questions Chapter 1 1. The primary source of energy for the earths atmosphere is: b. the sun 2. The most abundant gases in the earths atmosphere by volume are: c. nitrogen and oxygen 4. Water vapor is: a. a gas 7. Which of the following is considered a variable gas in the earths atmosphere? a. water vapor 8. The gas that shows the most variation from place to place and from time to time in the lower atmosphere: c. water vapor (H2O) 12. In the atmosphere, tiny solid or liquid suspended particles of various composition are called: a. aerosols 13. The most abundant greenhouse gas in the earths atmosphere: c. water vapor (H2O) 17. Which of the following processes acts to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? c. photosynthesis 19. The earths first atmosphere was composed primarily of: b. hydrogen and helium 21. The most abundant gas emitted from volcanoes is: e. water vapor 23. This holds a planets atmosphere close to its surface: b. gravity 24. The amount of force exerted over an area of surface is called: d. pressure
TIẾNG ANH (TRẮC NGHIỆM) Multiple Choice Exam Questions Chapter 1 The primary source of energy for the earth's atmosphere is: b the sun The most abundant gases in the earth's atmosphere by volume are: c nitrogen and oxygen Water vapor is: a a gas Which of the following is considered a variable gas in the earth's atmosphere? a water vapor The gas that shows the most variation from place to place and from time to time in the lower atmosphere: c water vapor (H2O) 12 In the atmosphere, tiny solid or liquid suspended particles of various composition are called: a aerosols 13 The most abundant greenhouse gas in the earth's atmosphere: c water vapor (H2O) 17 Which of the following processes acts to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? c photosynthesis 19 The earth's first atmosphere was composed primarily of: b hydrogen and helium 21 The most abundant gas emitted from volcanoes is: e water vapor 23 This holds a planet's atmosphere close to its surface: b gravity 24 The amount of force exerted over an area of surface is called: d pressure 1 25 Much of Tibet lies at altitudes over 18,000 feet where the pressure is about 500 mb At such altitudes, the Tibetans are above roughly: c 50% of the air molecules in the atmosphere 28 Which of the following weather elements always decreases as we climb upward in the atmosphere? c pressure 32 The gas responsible for the greenhouse effect on Venus: a carbon dioxide (CO2) 33 The planet with a strong greenhouse effect, whose surface temperature averages 480 oC (900 oF): b Venus 35 The earth's atmosphere is divided into layers based on the vertical profile of: b air temperature 37 Almost all of the earth's weather occurs in the: e troposphere 39 The hottest atmospheric layer is the: c thermosphere 41 The atmospheric layer in which we live is called the: a troposphere 43 The instrument that measures temperature, pressure, and humidity at various altitudes in the atmosphere: b radiosonde 44 Warming in the stratosphere is mainly caused by: a absorption of ultraviolet radiation by ozone 45 In a temperature inversion: a air temperature increases with increasing height 46 The rate at which temperature decreases with increasing altitude is known as the: 2 b lapse rate 49 The electrified region of the upper atmosphere is called the: d ionosphere 52 The gas that absorbs most of the harmful ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere: d ozone 55 Which latitude belt best describes the middle latitudes? e 30o to 50o 58 The wind direction is: a the direction from which the wind is blowing 77 In an average year, more people die from this than from any other natural disaster d flash floods and flooding Chapter Which of the following provides a measure of the average speed of air molecules? b temperature Which of the following is not considered a temperature scale? c Calorie The temperature scale where 0o represents freezing and 100o boiling: b Celsius The temperature scale that sets freezing of pure water at 32o F: b Fahrenheit Heat is energy in the process of being transferred from: a hot objects to cold objects 10 The heat energy released when water vapor changes to a liquid is called: d latent heat of condensation 11 The change of state of ice into water vapor is known as: b sublimation 12 When water changes from a liquid to a vapor, we call this process: 3 e evaporation 14 The cold feeling that you experience after leaving a swimming pool on a hot, dry, summer day represents heat transfer by: d latent heat 16 The processes of condensation and freezing: a both release sensible heat into the environment 17 The transfer of heat by molecule-to-molecule contact: a conduction 18 Which of the following is the poorest conductor of heat? a still air 19 The horizontal transport of any atmospheric property by the wind is called: a advection 20 A heat transfer process in the atmosphere that depends upon the movement of air is: d convection 23 Rising air cools by this process: a expansion 25 The proper order from shortest to longest wavelength is: c ultraviolet, visible, infrared 26 Sinking air warms by this process: a compression 27 Heat transferred outward from the surface of the moon can take place by: d radiation 29 If the average temperature of the sun increased, the wavelength of peak solar emission would: a shift to a shorter wavelength 30 Solar radiation reaches the earth's surface as: e ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation 4 31 Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.4 and 0.7 micrometers is called: b visible light 33 The blueness of the sky is mainly due to: a the scattering of sunlight by air molecules 34 Which of the following determine the kind (wavelength) and amount of radiation that an object emits? a temperature 35 Often before sunrise on a clear, calm, cold morning, ice (frost) can be seen on the tops of parked cars, even when the air temperature is above freezing This condition happens because the tops of the cars are cooling by: d radiation 37 Evaporation is a _ process a cooling 38 If you want to keep an object cool while exposed to direct sunlight, d wrap it in aluminum foil with the shiny side facing outward 39 Which of the following has a wavelength shorter than that of violet light? e ultraviolet radiation 40 If the absolute temperature of an object doubles, the maximum energy emitted goes up by a factor of: d 16 42 How much radiant energy will an object emit if its temperature is at absolute zero? b none 43 Most of the radiation emitted by a human body is in the form of: c infrared radiation and is invisible 5 45 The sun emits its greatest intensity of radiation in: a the visible portion of the spectrum 47 The earth's radiation is often referred to as radiation, while the sun's radiation is often referred to as _radiation c longwave, shortwave 50 The earth emits radiation with greatest intensity at: a infrared wavelengths 51 "A good absorber of a given wavelength of radiation is also a good emitter of that wavelength." This is a statement of: c Kirchoff's Law 54 Without the atmospheric greenhouse effect, the average surface temperature would be: b lower than at present 55 The earth's atmospheric window is in the: c infrared region 56 The atmospheric greenhouse effect is produced mainly by the: c absorption and re-emission of infrared radiation by the atmosphere 57 Suppose last night was clear and calm Tonight low clouds will be present From this you would conclude that tonight's minimum temperature will be: a higher than last night's minimum temperature 59 Low clouds retard surface cooling at night better than clear skies because: a the clouds absorb and radiate infrared energy back to earth 60 At night, low clouds: a enhance the atmospheric greenhouse effect 61 Which of the following gases are mainly responsible for the atmospheric greenhouse effect in the earth's atmosphere? 6 d water vapor and carbon dioxide 63 The combined albedo of the earth and the atmosphere is approximately: c 30% 64 According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the radiative energy emitted by one square meter of an object is equal to a constant multiplied by its temperature raised to the _ power c fourth 67 The albedo of the earth's surface is only about 4%, yet the combined albedo of the earth and the atmosphere is about 30% Which set of conditions below best explains why this is so? a high albedo of clouds, low albedo of water 68 According to Wein’s displacement law, the wavelength at which maximum radiation occurs a is inversely proportional to the temperature 71 On the average, about what percentage of the solar energy that strikes the outer atmosphere eventually reaches the earth's surface? d 50% 72 If the amount of energy lost by the earth to space each year were not approximately equal to that received: a the atmosphere's average temperature would change 73 If the sun suddenly began emitting more energy, the earth's radiative equilibrium temperature would: a increase 74 Sunlight that bounces off a surface is said to be from the surface d reflected 7 77 The atmosphere near the earth's surface is "heated from below." Which of the following does not significantly contribute to this heating? d heat energy from the earth's interior 78 The earth's radiative equilibrium temperature is: a the temperature at which the earth is absorbing solar radiation and emitting infrared radiation at equal rates 93 Sunlight passes through a thicker portion of the atmosphere at e both a and c 95 A red shirt b selectively scatters red wavelenghts of visible light and absorbs the rest 96 Perspiration cools the body by d latent heat transfer Chapter During the winter in the Northern Hemisphere, the "land of the midnight sun" would be found: a at high latitudes In the Northern Hemisphere, this day has the fewest hours of daylight: b winter solstice During an equinox: d all of the above During the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere: d all of the above 10 Where are the days and nights of equal length all year long? d at the Equator 12 Which of the following helps to explain why even though northern latitudes experience 24 hours of sunlight on June 22, they are not warmer than latitudes further south? e all of the above 8 15 The north-facing side of a hill in a mountainous region in the US tends to: e all of the above 17 The maximum in daytime surface temperature typically occurs _ the earth receives its most intense solar radiation b after 19 The strongest radiation inversions occur when c skies are clear 20 When it is January and winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is and in the SouthernHemisphere a January and summer 21 The most important reason why summers in the Southern Hemisphere are not warmer than summers in the Northern Hemisphere is that: c over 80% of the Southern Hemisphere is covered with water 23 Thermal belts are usually found b on hillsides 25 During a radiation inversion, wind machines d all of the above 26 The main reason(s) for warm summers in northern middle latitudes is that: e only (b) and (c) are correct 27 Our seasons are caused by: e only (b) and (c) are correct 31 The earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5o with respect to the plane of its orbit around the sun If the amount of tilt were increased to 40o, we would expect in middle latitudes: a hotter summers and colder winters than at present 9 33 Although the polar regions radiate away more heat energy than they receive by insolation in the course of a year, they are prevented from becoming progressively colder each year by the: c circulation of heat by the atmosphere and oceans 37 In meteorology, the word insolation refers to: c incoming solar radiation 38 During the afternoon the greatest temperature difference between the surface air and the air several meters above occurs on a: a clear, calm afternoon 39 The greatest variation in daily temperature usually occurs: a at the ground 40 In most areas the warmest time of the day about feet above the ground occurs: b in the afternoon between and pm 42 The lowest temperature is usually observed: d around sunrise 44 Suppose yesterday morning you noticed ice crystals (frost) on the grass, yet the minimum temperature reported in the newspaper was only 35o F The most likely reason for this apparent discrepancy is that: a temperature readings are taken in instrument shelters more than feet above the ground 46 At what time during a 24-hour day would a radiation temperature inversion best be developed? b near sunrise 47 The lag in daily temperature refers to the time lag between the: a time of maximum solar radiation and the time of maximum temperature 10 10 48 Ideal conditions for a strong radiation inversion: a clear, calm, dry, winter night 49 Thermal belts are: c warmer hillsides that are less likely to experience freezing conditions 50 The primary cause of a radiation inversion is: a infrared radiation emitted by the earth's surface 51 The deepest radiation inversion would be observed: b in polar regions in winter 53 On a clear, calm, night, the ground and air above cool mainly by this process: e radiation 54 Which of the following can be used as a method of protecting an orchard from damaging low temperatures during a radiation inversion? d all of the above 57 Lines connecting points of equal temperature are called: b isotherms 58 In summer, humid regions typically have daily temperature ranges and _maximum temperatures than drier regions a smaller, lower 62 An important reason for the large daily temperature range over deserts is: a there is little water vapor in the air to absorb and reradiate infrared radiation 64 Two objects A and B have the same mass but the specific heat of A is larger than B If both objects absorb equal amounts of energy: b B will become warmer than A 65 The largest annual ranges of temperatures are found: a at polar latitudes over land 11 11 67 This is used as a guide to planting and for determining the approximate date for harvesting crops: a growing degree-days 68 This is used as an index for fuel consumption: c heating degree-days 69 Which of the following is not a reason why water warms and cools much more slowly than land? e it takes more heat to raise the temperature of a given amount of soil 1o C than it does to raise the temperature of water 1o C 74 In calm air the air temperature is -10o C, if the wind speed should increase to 30 knots (with no change in air temperature) the thermometer would indicate: c a temperature of -10o C 75 The air temperature is 45o F, the wind is blowing at 30 MPH, and the wind chill temperature is 15o F These conditions would be equivalent to: a a 15o F air temperature and MPH winds 76 Hypothermia is most common in: b cold, wet weather 78 The wind-chill factor: a relates body heat loss with wind to an equivalent temperature with no wind 95 In the northern hemisphere, the number of hours of daylight begin to shorten after the b summer solstice 96 At any given time, of the earth is illuminated by the sun c one-half 103 Water heats up and cools off _ than land d more slowly, more slowly Chapter 12 12 If a glass of water were surrounded by saturated air: c the level of the water in the glass would not change As the air temperature increases, the air's capacity for water vapor: a increases If all the water vapor in the atmosphere were to condense and fall to the ground, the globe would be covered with about of water b inch The total mass of water vapor stored in the atmosphere at any moment is about of the world's supply of precipitation b week The density of water vapor in a given parcel of air is expressed by the: a absolute humidity Which of the following will increase in a rising parcel of air? b relative humidity Which of the following will decrease in a rising parcel of air? b absolute humidity 10 The ratio of the mass of water vapor in a given volume (parcel) of air to the mass of the remaining dry air describes the: b mixing ratio 11 When the air temperature increases, the saturation vapor pressure will: a increase 12 The maximum pressure that water vapor molecules would exert if the air were saturated is called the: d none of the above 13 If water vapor comprises 3.5% of an air parcel whose total pressure is 1000 mb, the water vapor pressure would be: 13 13 b 35 mb 15 If the air temperature increased, with no addition or removal of water vapor, the actual vapor pressure would: c stay the same 16 When the air temperature is below freezing, the saturation vapor pressure over water is c greater than the saturation vapor pressure over ice 19 The Gulf Coast states are more humid in summer than the coastal areas of Southern California mainly because of the: c higher water temperature in the Gulf of Mexico 20 If very cold air is brought indoors and warmed with no change in its moisture content, the saturation vapor pressure of this air will and the relative humidity of this air will _ c increase, decrease 27 The main reason why vegetables take longer to cook in boiling water at high altitudes is because: b the temperature of the boiling water decreases with increasing altitude 28 The temperature at which water boils depends mainly on: c air pressure 29 The percentage of water vapor present in the air compared to that required for saturation is the: d relative humidity 31 At what time of day is the relative humidity normally at a minimum? a when the air temperature is highest 32 The time of day when the relative humidity reaches a maximum value is usually: 14 14 c at the time when the air temperature is lowest 33 The dew point temperature is a measure of the total amount of water vapor in the air a true 34 As the air temperature increases, with no addition of water vapor to the air, the relative humidity will: c decrease 40 Suppose saturated polar air has an air temperature and dew point of -10o C, and unsaturated desert air has an air temperature of 35o C and a dew point of 10o C The desert air contains water vapor and has a relative humidity than the polar air a more, lower 42 As the difference between the air temperature and the dew point increases, the relative humidity: b decreases 43 The temperature to which air must be cooled in order to become saturated is the: b dew point temperature 44 As the air temperature increases, with no addition of water vapor to the air, the dew point will: a remain the same 52 Nighttime temperatures rarely drop below the dew point temperature because c at saturation, latent heat of condensation is released into the air 15 15