Bai tap hoa hoc ALDEHYD VÀ CETON ACID

ALDEHYD VÀ CETON ACID Viết cơng thức: Gọi tên: Acid glyoxalic Acid acetylacetic CH C COOH O OHC COOEt Acid levulic OHC CH COOH Ethylformylacetatnatri OHC CH CH COOEt Acid pyruvic Viết phương trình phản ứng thủy phân: Br H2O/HO CH C COOH CH C COOH Br O CH O CH CH CO OCH Cl H C COOC2H Cl H2O/HO CO OCH H2O/HO CH O CH CH H C COOH O COO H COO H CO2 CH O CH CH COO H Điều chế Acid pyruvic từ Acid propionic: Br2 / P CH 3CH 2COOH CH 3CHBrCOOH NaOH CH 3CHOHCOOH [O] CH C COOH O Điều chế hydroxy acid tương ứng: HO CH2 CH2 CN CH CHOH COOR H2O/H+ NaOH HO CH2 CH2 COOH + H CH CHOH COONa CH CHOH COOH Thực kiểu ngưng tụ Claisen cho hợp chất: CH CH CH C OC3H O CH COOC2H CH COOC2H HO C2H5OH HO C3H7OH C 2H CH (CH 2)2 C CH C OC3H O CH COOC2H CH C CH COOC2H O CH COOC2H O Thực phản ứng Acid levulic: H2/Ni H 3C CH CH 2CH 2COOH OH CN HCN H 3C C CH 2CH 2COOH O H 3C C CH 2CH 2COOH OH SO 3Na NaHSO3 H 3C C CH 2CH 2COOH OH H2N NH C 6H5 H 3C C CH 2CH 2COOH N NH C 6H Viết chế phản ứng acid glyoxalic acid succinic Gọi tên sản phẩm: CH COOH CH COOH HO H2O O HOOC CH CH COOH CH COOH HOOC CH O CH COOH CH COOH H2O HOOC CH C COOH OH HOOC CH CH COOH H2O CH COOH CH COOH Acid 1-propen-1,2,3-tricarboxylic Giải thích chế acid pyruvic AgNO3/NH3 Gọi tên sản phẩm: H 3C C COOH AgNO3/HNO3 CH 3COOH O CH C COO H CH C H O + CO + Ag CO + O CH C H O AgNO3/NH CH COO H + Ag 10 Cho biết thuốc thử chuỗi phản ứng: O a) b) LiAlH4/H3O + POCl pyridin c) d) KMnO4 C 2H5OH/H + COOEt COOEt O e) NaOEt f) H3O+ COOC 2H 11 Qui trình tổng hợp acid bucloxic (chất kháng viêm) Cho biết xtác tác nhân phản ứng giai đoạn: O COOH O + O O O A lC l C l 2/Fe C l COOH Cl ALDEHYD VÀ CETON BÉO Gọi tên: CCl3 CH O Tricloroetanal Tricloroacetaldehyd Cloral CH2 CH CHO Propenal Acrolein CH3 CH CH CHO 2-butenal Crotonaldehyd (CH3) C CH CH2 CO CH3 CH3 CO CH CH2 C6H5 CH2 CH2 CHO Methylvinylceton 3-phenylpropanal CH3 CH(OCH3) 1,1-dimethoxyetan CH3 CO CH2 CHO 3-oxobutanal 5-methyl-4-hexen-2-on CH3 CO CH2 CO CH3 2,4-pentandion Acetoaceton Acetoacetandehyd O HO OH OCH3 OCH3 2,6-di- (4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzyl) cyclovalon cyclohexanon (thuốc lợi mật) Cl N H C H H C l O 2- (2'-clorophenyl) -2- (methylamino) Ketamin 1' O HO cyclohexanon CH3 2' 6-[ (R) -2'-hydroxy-6'methylhept-5'-en-2'-yl) cyclohex-2-enon Hermandulcin OHC CHO Etandial Glyoxal Viết cơng thức chất sau: Aldol hóa: Viết q trình chuyển hóa: Điều chế butanon: Điều chế aceton: a CH 3CH 2OH CuO CH 3CH 2OH CH 3CHO + KMnO4/H b CH 3CH 2CH 2OH CH CH a b c d 2) H2O/H+ CH 3COOH H2SO4đđ ,1800C H2O [O] CH CHOH CH Ca (OH) (CH 3COO) 2Ca CH CH CH H2O t0 CH 3COCH CH 3COCH CaCO3 CH CHOH CH [O] CH 3COCH c CH CH 1) CH3MgI Na CH C Na H2O HgSO4/H2SO4 CH3I CH 3CHO CH C CH 1) CH3MgI 2) H2O/H+ + H2O/H CH 3COCH CH CHOH CH [O] CH 3COCH e CH3CHO HO H2O CH3 CH CH CHO 2CH3CH2OH CH3 CH CH CH(OC2H5)2 H2/Ni H2O CH3CH2CH2CH(OC2H5) CH3CH2CH2CHO [O] CH3 C CH2 CH3 O f CH 3CHO g CH 3CHO HO H2O C2H5MgCl CH CH CH CHO CH CH CH CH + H2O/H CH 3CHOHCH 2CH OMgCl [O] CH C CH CH h i O CH CHO C 2H5MgCl H 2SO4đđ ,180 0C H 2O k CH KMnO4 CH 3CHO + CH CH CH CH H2O/H CH CHOHCH CH OMgCl NaNH 2/NH CH CH CH Br2 CH CH CH CH Br Br CH 3COOH H2/Ni + H C2H 5OH CH CH CH CH CH 3COOC2H Hồn thành chuỗi phản ứng: a C2H CH CH CH Br CH NaOH dd KOH/alcol C2H CH CH CH CH OH 3-methyl-2-pentanol [O] C2H CH CH CH CH HCl 3-methyl-1-penten C2H CH CH CH CH Cl 2cloro-3-methyl-1-penten C2H CH C CH CH O 3-methyl-2-penanon C6H5NHNH2 C2H CH C CH CH NNHC6H 3-methyl-2-pentanonphenylhydrazon b (CH3)2CH C CH3 O [H] (CH3)2CH CH CH3 HBr (CH3)2CH CH CH3 OH Br Mg/ether khan (CH3)2CH CH CH3 HCHO (CH3)2CH CH CH3 MgBr CH2OMgBr 2-magnebromid-3-methylbutan 2,3-dimethyl-1-oxymagnebromidbutan + H2O/H (CH3)2CH CH CH3 CH2OH c 2,3-dimethyl-1butanol Br2 CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH 2KOH/alcol NaNH2/NH3 H2O ++ Br CH CH C CH Br CH CH C C Na CH3I natributynylid + Hg /H CH CH CH C CH CH CH C C CH CH CH CH C CH OH O d O C 6H 5NH N C 6H N H C 6H LiA lH ClCH 2CH 2CH 2N (C 2H 5) NaNH N CH CH CH N (C H ) C 6H e Cl CH C O CH 1) C2H5MgBr 2) + H2O/H Cl CH C 2H C 2H C6H5COCl C OH Cl CH C O C C6H CH CH O 1-cloromethyl-1-methylpropylbenzoat HN(CH3)2 CH CH N CH C 2H C O C C 6H CH O 1-N,N-dimethylaminomethyl-1-methylpropylbenzoat Phân biệt: CHI3 pứ haloform CH 3COOK KI + KOH + CH 3CH 2CHO I2 + CH C CH O + Haloform + a H 2O b CH C H aloform H O CH CH CH O c CH I3 pứ haloform 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazin NO2 O2N C O CH3 CH3 CH3 NO2 CH3 C N NH CH3 CH OH Isopropanol d NHNH2 Cl C H C C 3H Lucas HCl / ZnCl2 t CH3 CH3 o H 2O/HO H2O CH Cl tủa trắng C H C C 3H Cl NO2 + CH3 cho pứ haloform O 2,2-dicloropentan C 2H Cl C C 2H Cl H 2O/HO C 2H C C 2H O không cho pứ haloform 3,3-dicloropentan 10 Điều chế pentaerythritol Gọi tên theo IUPAC: CH CHO H CHO HO CH CHO CH 2OH H CHO HO CH 2OH HOCH C CHO CH 2OH H CHO/ HO + HOCH2 CH2OH C CH2OH CH2OH HCOO 2,2-di(hydroxymethyl)propan-1,3-diol Viết cơng thức cấu tạo gọi tên aspartam 10 Thực chuyển hóa a CH 3COOH Br2/P b CH CH HBr NH3 BrCH 2COOH KCN CH 3CH 2Br H 2NCH 2COOH CH 3CH 2CN + H3O CH 3CH 2COOH Br2/P CH 3CHNH 2COOH NH3 CH 3CHBrCOOH c CH C COOH O [H] H2/Ni CH CH COOH PCl5 CH CH COCl OH Cl CH 3CHNH 2COOH NH3 H2O CH CH CONH NH d CH CH HCl CH CHCl KCN CH CH CN + H2O/H CH CH COOH HCl H 2N CH CH COOH e H 3C CH CH CH OH [O] H 3C C CH CH O NH3 Cl CH CH COOH KCN + NH4Cl CH H 3C CH C CN NH + H2O/H H 3C CH CH C COOH NH 12 Thực chuyển hóa a CH 3CH 2CHO HCN CH 3CH CH CN NH3 CH 3CH CH CN OH HCl NH CH 3CH CH COOH (CH3CO)2O loãng CH 3CH CH COOH NHCOCH NH b CH CHCH 2COOH HBr BrCH 2CH 2CH 2COOH NH3 H 2NCH 2CH 2CH 2COONH HCl N H O H 2NCH 2CH 2CH 2COOH 13 Viết cơng thức trung gian cuối chuyển hóa sau: a H 2NCH 2COOH CH3CHBrCOBr CH CH CONH CH 2COOH Br NH3 CH CH CONH CH 2COOH NH b CH CH CH 2COOH ClCH2COCl ClCH CONH CH CH CH CH 2COOH CH 2NH NH3 H 2NCH CONH CH CH CH CH 2COOH HỢP CHẤT DỊ VỊNG Gọi tên COCH N N COOH H H CHO O -furalcarbaldehyd Acid -pyrolcarboxylic -acetylpyrol -formylfuran Cl CH 3O O OCH N S 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran N N H 2-phenylazopyrol -Chlorothiophen O C N(C2H 5)2 N O N S N 1,3-thiazol N,N-dimethylnicotinamid -pyridon CH 3O OCH N O 2N NH CH 2CH 2OH N CH N N CH 3O NH 2(2’-methyl-5’-nitro-1H-imidazol-15(3’,4’,5’trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidin-2,4-diamin yl) ethanol TRIMETHOPRIM NO COOCH CH 3OOC H 3C N CH METRONIDAZOL O O OH 2,4-chromen-2-on COUMARIN Dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl4(2’nitrophenyl)pyridin-3,5dicarboxylat OH N COOH Acid 4,8-dihydroxyquinolin-2carboxylic O F NH N N N H N N H 2N COOH N CIPROFLOXACIN 6-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2,4diamin Viết cơng thức oxiran imidazol azirin pyrazin quinolin N NH N O N N N N H oxazol pyrrolidin indol pyran isoxazol N N O N N H O O O H Viết phản ứng pyrol với t o RMgBr RH N MgBr N MgBr H H2/Ni KOH H2O N H N K N K H N K NaNH2 NaH N H NH Zn/CH3COOH [H] N N H H Viết phản ứng furan với: SO H O H 2SO 4/pyridin O CH 3COOH O O RCOCl HCl C R O CO CH O H 2/Ni Cl 2/dioxan Cl O (CH 3CO)2O HNO 3/benzen H 2O O O O NO2 O O O O O Giải thích tính base pyridin so sánhtính base pyridin với chất: NH2 N pK b N H 8,85 9,4 C H 3N H 2,8 3,4 NH3 4,8 N N H N 2,7 12,5 Viết phản ứng pyridin với chất oleum/H2SO4 H2O2 N SO 3H N O H2/xt N H N N NH NaNH2 NO + HNO3/H N Br Br2 O 300 C N Bổ sung chuỗi phản ứng S S N H HNO3 Ac2O Cl2 NO S Cl CH3MgI AlCl3 + [H] CH3COCl AlCl3 S to N MgI NH S Cl S MgI N H C 6H5 N N Cl NaOCl CHCl3 COCH CO2 C 6H N N N H Cl COOMgI COONa S + H2O/H N H Viết phản ứng quinolin với CH3I N+ I CH NaNH2 N N NH N OH KOH NO + HNO3/H N Thực chuyển hóa H2O to N NH NaNO2/HCl O C N + N N Cl N OH N I N N N NH S KI C 6H5OH OH COOH 10 Thực chuyển hóa NH a N N NaNH2 S Thiazol H 2N ClSO2OH S NH SO 2Cl H2N N SO2Cl S NH SO NH sulfathiazol b NaNH2 N N H2N NH SO2Cl NH SO N NH Sulfapyridin c CHO OH O O CH CH C O C CH Ac2O OCOCH CH3COONa + H2O/H CH3COOH O O Coumarin d N Br Br2 O 300 C N MgBr Mg ether khan N CO2 COOMgBr N COOH + H2O/H N Acid nicotinic e O CHO CH3CH2CHO HO O CH CH CHO OH CH 1) H2O 2) [O] O CH C COOH CH Acid β-(furan-2-yl)-αmethylacrylic 11 Thực chuỗi phản ứng O Ac2O CHO O CH OAc HNO3 O 2N NH2 NH2 + HO C O CH3 O2N O OAc H2O O O O OC2H5 C6H5NHNH2 CH3 CH Nifuroxazid H N CH3 H N + H OAc CH N NH O 2N CH3 OAc N CH3 HNO CH2CH2OH N CH NH N N2 H CH3 N CH3 O N N C 6H CH CH 12 Sắp xếp thứ tự tính base O 2N H N N metronidazol CH2 O C C C2H5OH N N H OC2H5 CH OH ClCH2CH2OH C 6H Antipyrin CHO O H2N NH C OH H N O2N O N O N C 6H CH3I H N N O C 6H 13 Điều chế nitrofuroxim từ furfural O CHO + HNO3/H O 2N O CHO NH2OH O 2N O CH N OH HYDRAT CARBON Viết cơng thức HO CHO H OH H H OH OH H OH H H OH H 5CH CH 2OH HOH 2C O O H H H OH H OH H OH CHO H H OH OH 2OH CH 2OH ,D-ribofuranose Ribose H OH H OH H H HOH 2C O OH 5CH 2-desoxyribose H O H H OH OH OH 2OH ,D-ribofuranose c SUCROSE = Saccarose(,D-glucopyranosido-,D-fructofuranosid) H H CH2OH O CH2OH O HO H HO H H H H saccarose H HO CH2OH HO H OH O OH H O H OH H OH CH OH HO HOH2C H ,D-glucopyranose OH O H HO H CH2OH HO ,D-fructofuranose H Lactose [4- (galactopyranosido)-D-glucopyranose] HO H CH O H O H H H HO OH H H Lactose O HO H H OH H O CH O H H HO OH H CH O H O HO H H HO OH H H CH O H O H H H HO OH H H OH ,D-galactopyranose OH ,D-glucopyranose 2.Viết cơng thức hình chiếu : CH 2OH O H H OH H OH HO H OH ,D-glucopyranose H CH 2OH O HO H H H HO OH H OH HOH 2C OH O H HO H CH 2OH HO H ,D-fructofuranose CH 2OH OH O H OH H H HO H OH CHO H OH HO H H OH H OH CH 2OH ,D-glucopyranose H CH 2OH O HO H D-glucose H OH HO OH H H CHO H C O O OH H C H HO HO H H CH OH HO H OH OH H H OH CH 2OH ,D-fructopyranose D-fructose Viết phương trình p/ứ tạo thành osazon từ fructosa glucose Thủy giải osazon acid CHO C O HO H H OH H OH CHO H OH H C N NH C6H HO C6H5NHNH2 H H CH 2OH C N NH C6H H HO C6H5NHNH2 OH OH CH 2OH osazon + H2O/H H C O HO H H C O H OH OH CH 2OH oson H H OH H OH CH 2OH Cơ chế tạo osazone Aldose CH O CH C6H5NHNH2 H C OH N NH C6H5 H C OH H2O CH NH C6H5NH2 Cetose C CH2OH C C6H5NH2 O C H2O H CH C6H5NHNH2 C6H5NHNH2 N NH C6H5 NH3 C6H5NHNH2 NH3 CH 2OH O HO CH - O OH H OH H HO CHO OH H H OH H OH Br2/H2O CH 2OH H HO COOH OH H H OH H OH C H H H HO OH C H Acid OH OH H OH H OH CH2OH COO H OH Br2/H2O BaCO3 OH H O OH CH 2OH O H O H Oxy hóa glucose nước brom có mặt BaCO HO O CH 2OH H2O CHO H OH OH H CH 2OH HO O HO H2O CH 2OH O HO N NH C6H5 C NH NH C6H5 C NH H2O C CH O H O H CH N NH C6H5 C6H5NHNH2 C NH CH N NH C6H5 C N NH C6H5 H2O CH O C OH CH NH C6H5NHNH2 O CH NH NH C6H5 H H OH H OH 2+ Ba CH2OH CH N NH C6H5 C N NH C6H5 Đề nghị qui trình chuyển hóa tác nhân hóa học a Aldopentose thành cetohexose CN H C OH HO H CHO HO H H OH H OH H OH H OH HCN CH 2OH aldopentose COOH + H2O/H H C OH HO H H OH H OH CHO C O H C OH O HO H H2O H H C OH HO H Na(Hg) CO2 OH H H OH H OH CH 2OH CH 2OH CH 2OH CH 2OH CN COOH C O CHO HO C H HO H + H2O/H HO C H HO H H OH H OH H OH H OH CH 2OH H2O HO C H HO H H O Na(Hg) OH CO2 H CH 2OH CH 2OH HO C H HO H H OH H OH CH 2OH aldohexose CHO C O HO cetohexose H H OH H OH HO CH 2OH Acid ascorbic có cấu hình D,L vẽ cấu trúc dạng furanose xđ cấu hình R,S cho C* Cấu hình L OH trung tâm bất đối xa nằm bên trái HO C C H O HO H OH C O CH 2OH CH 2OH OH C S O H H H C O H OH β,D-talose phản ứng với H H HO OH CH OH H H CH 3O OC2H H OCH H H OAc O OCH3 CH3I,AgO H CH 2OAc H AcO H H O OAc H OAc H O OH H CH 2OH OH H NaBH4/H2O C2H5OH,HCl H CH2OCH3 H CH 3O H H O OH HO CH2OH (CH3CO)2O,pyridin HO HO HO H CHO HO H HO H HO H H OH CH 2OH Br2/H2O HNO3 loãng H H H OH CH 2OH COOH HO H HO H HO H H OH CH 2OH [...]... CHOH COOH CH 3 CH 2 CHOH COOH Acid 2-hydroxypropanoic Acid 2-hydroxybutanoic Acid 4-hydroxybutanoic Acid lactic Acid -hydroxybutyric Acid -hydroxybutyric HO CH COOH Acid 2,3-dihydroxybutandioic HO CH COOH Acid tartric -acid tartaric CH 2 COOH Acid 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propantricarboxylic CH 2 COOH HO CH Acid isocitric COOH C HO (CH 2)3 COOH COOH Acid diphenylpropandioic COOH Acid diphenylmalonic 3 Thủy phân... biệt: - Acetaldehyd và benzaldehyd: pứ haloform - p-tolylaldehyd và acetophenon: -pứ haloform -tt Schiff, Tollens, Fehling 6 Từ toluen điều chế p-nitrobenzaldehyd và viết phản ứng Cannizaro và Benzoin: H 3C HNO3 + H2SO4 H 3C 2 Cl 2/aù s NO 2 Cl CH Cl NO 2 H2O/HO OHC NO 2 p-nitrobenzaldehyd O 2N NaOH ñaëc O 2N COONa + O 2N KCN/alcol O 2N CH C CH 2OH CHO NO 2 OH O 7 Từ benzen điều chế p-clorobenzaldehyd... SO 2NH 2 O HYDROXYACID 1 Viết công thức Acid 2-hydroxyacetic Acid -hydroxypropionic HO CH 2 COOH HO CH 2 CH 2 COOH Acid citric HOOC CH 2 HO CH COOH CH COOH CH COOH OH C 2H 5 Acid mandelic Cyclobutyrol Acid -ethyl-1-hydroxycyclohexylacetic OH C CH 2 COOH CH 3 COOH OH HO CH 2 COOH OH CH 2 COOH HO C COOH CH 2 COOH Acid malic Meglutol Acid 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentandioic Acid gentisic Acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic.. .ALDEHYD VÀ CETON THƠM 1 Gọi tên CHO CHO Cl CHO S O 3H m-formylbenzensulfonic m-sulfobenzaldehyd NO2 2-cloro-4-nitrobenzaldehyd CH CH OCH3 OH 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyd vanilin CHO CH3  -(p-tolyl) acrolein CO CH 3 methylphenylceton acetophenon CO CH CH 2 phenylvinylceton 3-(p-tolyl) propenal p-methylcinamaldehyd Ethyl-p-methoxyphenylceton CH3 C N OH acetophenoxim... I C O C 4H 9 O CH 2 CH 2 N (C 2 H 5 )2 I ACID CARBOXYLIC VÀ DẪN CHẤT 1 Gọi tên: CH 3 (CH 2)2 COOH HOOC CH 2 COOH Acid butyric utanoic HOOC (CH 2)2 COOH Acid malonic propandioic HOOC CH CH COOH Acid succinic butandioic Acid butendioic ClCH 2 CH 2 COCl Acid 2-chloropropanoylchlorid Acid β-chloropropionylchlorid Isopropylcyanid Isobutyronitril isobutanonitril Acid glutaric 1,5(CH 3)2C CH CH 2 COOH 4-methyl-3-pentenoic... p-aminobenzoat Acid o-hydroxybenzoic p-acetylbenzoic HO COOH COOH Acid salicylic COOH OH O NH O OH Acid phthalic Acid 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic Phthalimid Acid gallic N 3 O 4 H 2NO 2S 5 6 COOH I I 2 H 3C C NH 1 COOH O Acid 4-phenoxy-3-(pyrolidin-1-yl)-5-sulfonylaminobenzoic CH 3O CH COCH 3 2 CH 3O 3 O Acid 3,5-diacetamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic 4 O Acid 2-acetyl-2(3’,4’-dimethoxyphenyl)acetic Acid 3-oxo-2-(3’,4’-dimethoxyphenyl)butanoic... Di(p-tolyl) ceton CH3 p,p'-dimethylbenzophenon anthracen-9,10-dicarbaldehyd O 2-formylthiophen S O anthraquinon anthracen-9,10-dion CHO thiophen-2-carbaldehyd C N (CH 3 )2 O di-(p-dimethylaminophenyl) ceton (H 3 C)2 N 2 Viết công thức: CH O Cl C CH 3 O phenyl-p-tolylceton O 2N CH O p-nitrobenzaldehyd o-clorobenzaldehyd CH 3 C Br O acetophenon (H 3 C)2 N Br C O 4,4-dibromobenzophenon p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyd... 3)2CH CH COOH NH 2 Acid -aminoisovaleric HO CH 3 C N Br (CH 3)2CH C CH 2 CH C N CH 3CH 2C CH 3 C O CH2 CH COOH NH2 Acid -amino--(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic HS CH 2 CH COOH NH 2 Acid -amino--thiolpropionic (CH3)2CH CH2 COOH Acid isovaleric CH 3 CH 3 C CH 2 COOH H H CH 3 COOH OH OH CH 2 CH 2 CH CH 2 CH COOH NH 2 COOH CH 2 COOH HO C NH 2 Acid ,-diamino--hydroxycaproic Acid mesotartric Acid ,-dimethylbutyric... Na2CO3 O O COOK COONa O H + C O O H O C O OH C O O ACID AMIN 1 Viết công thức cấu trúc các hợp chất: H 2NCH 2COOH Acid aminoacetic (CH 3)2CH CH COOH NH 2 Acid -aminoisovaleric Glycin Valin HO CH 2 CH COOH NH 2 Acid -hydroxy--aminopropionic Serin (CH 3)2CH CH 2 CH COOH NH 2 Acid -aminoisocaproic Leucin HOOC CH 2 CH 2 CH COOH NH 2 Acid -aminoglutaric Acid glutamic ... COOH Acid lactic Acid citric 3 Điều chế các acid từ alcol 4 carbon (hay ít hơn) và ester malonic hoặc phương pháp khác: a Acid valeric PCl 5 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2Cl KCN H2O/H CH 3(CH 2)3COOH + CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2CN Hoặc: CH 3CH 2CH 2OH CH 2 COOC 2H 5 COOC 2H 5 PCl5 C 2H5O CH 3CH 2CH 2Cl CH CH 3CH 2CH 2CH(COOC2H 5)2 COOC 2H 5 + H2O/H COOC 2H 5 CH 3CH 2CH 2CH(COOH)2 CO2 (CH 3)2CH OH PCl5 Acid