giáo trình cấu tạo nguyên lý ký trúc
-' va " PHAN TAN HAl [)INH DIEP· CAO XUAN LUONG • • ' • , .' .' •, , " (Tei ban) f• :~.7·~~.:.~.~~.-.: ;.~.: ' • ' ' I ~ ' II.· ' I ~ -._ _ ._ _ I ) ' \ ,- , ~~"~-:~:._:.:7 -r': 1~~~-:tJ' r.''11'; ; ', '" ii V eH- I l ' _., _ -' NHA'XUAT HA 1',', -4-5- ;) , _._ " ,IIe \,.t -~,,~ - - - 2G I I ' •• " ,', .~ I t ''I II - _ H U, ~ :, l:.,~ - _t -.1 _ j BAN XAY DUNG ~ • NOI- 2004 • " , ? LdI TAC GIA Ntim 1986 nhom can b9 giang day Truong D{Li hoc Kien true, hoi uieri H9i Kien true su TP H6 Chi Minh co xu/it ban quye'n: "Nguyen lj cdu t{LO hien true dan dung" Nhiim phuc uu eho can b9 thie: ke" kien true va sinh oien nganli hien true xdy dung Nay nhu cau cai each dao tao dai h9C; sinh oieri hoc theo hoc ph/in, ehia hhoa hoc lam giai doan: - Giai doan I: H9C ruim dau hoc phtui khoa h9C co ban va co Sd nganh - Giai doan II: hoc ruim tiep theo, h9C pluui chuyeri man va ch.uyeri stiu cua nganh Neu sinh uieri hhong len duoc giai doari II thi pluii truong, Do de?eho s6~ uieri truimg sam hoc xong giai doan I co mot Slf hieu biel co ban vd nganli nghd nen ruii dung bai giang phai phil hejp vdi tung hoc trinh (15 tiel), cluing toi bien soati giao trinh: "Nguyen Ii thiet he;e{L'u tqo cdc cong trinh kien true" eho phil, hop vdi cac yeu ctiu tren sinh Giao trinh ehia lam tap: Tf?,p I: Giai doan I: Phan , co ban: Khai niem ch.ung vi ctiu t{LOkien true Cdu tao m6ng nha Cdu t{LOtuong nha Criu tao mai nha • ca: tao ella • , 'I Ciiu tao san • Ctiu tao cdu thang Ph/in ch.uyeri stiu: - Ctiu t{LOnen m6ng va tuimg - Ctiu t{LOcua va cdu thang - Ctiu tao san va rnai • Tgp II: Giai doan II , , Phtiri ch uyen de: - Cdu tao nha khung - Cfiu tao kien true nha cong nghiep - Ciiu tao kien true nha nang nghi~p - Cdu tao nha llip ghep - Ctiu tao trang tri noi that - Criu tao kien true chuyeri biet Day la Ian xu/it ban dau tieri theo cai each dao tao dai h9C, cluing toi xiri manli dati viet de')kip thiii ph uc VZ:l cho sinh uien va can b9 giang day Rat mong d9C gui dong gop j kien de?cluing tai b6?sung hoan chinli Ian tdi ban Nhom tac gia ChLrOl1g I NHlING " VAN DE co BAN VE CAU TAO • , , CONG TRINH KU~NTRUC §1 - Khai ni~m chung 1.- M\ledieh, y~u cau : Cau tao nha dan dung ]a mon h9C nghien ciru thirc hien cac b(>phan cua nha dliqc lam bang v~t li~u gi ? Che' tao nhu the' nao nham : 1-1 Bao dam s\f lam viec binh thirong cua cong trinh qua trinh slt dung : - • Chong dUQc anh hirong tac hai cua thien nhien Chang dUQc anh hUdng tac hai cua ngiroi va phai thea man mol yeu dung khac cua ngu'i1i - Call Slt 1-2 Bao dam cudng d¢ cua tirng bO phan va toan bO cong trinh, phu hop vrri nguysn Iy chju lire, klt cAu b~n vitng 1-3 Dong thdi bao dam thdi gian xay dung cong trinh ngan nhdt, voi gia nhat, 811 dung v~t lieu hQP Iy, c~u tao don gian va thi cong thuan l111g nhat dinh t&i yeu c~u stt dung va nghe thuat tao hinh cua ngol nha - Do thiet ke CRll tao va thi6t ke ki6n true phai dong bQ nham dam bao can d6r gitia hai ve' cua phutrng cham nganh xay d1111gIii : «BEN'VlrNG - KINII TE va TI-liCJI DlJNG - ~IYQlJAN.· hoac «ri THU!T va NGH¢ THUAT» cho toan b¢ cong trinh eo ~ '3.- Cac y~u t6 ben ngoai anh hUOllgd~n giai phap eau tao kien true: Muon lira chon duqc phtrong an k6t,cau va vi)t lieu chinh XHC, hop Iy v~ Call tao, ngoai vi~c nghisn ciru yeu c~u St1 dung cua ngoi nha, phai chu y t&i cac nhan tobe'n ngoai anh huang t&i cau tao nha Nhirng nhan t6 co th~ qui lal loai : ? - Anh hircng cua thien nhien ? - Anh hirdng true tie'p cua ngttdi ? 3-1 : Anh hlLdng cua thien nhien : Trong thien nhien nha cira luon chiu anh huong cua birc xa m~t trdi : mira, O DOC MAl lOAN G " r" - cit co TANG , .~ JJ' tfJ~M M~ - t:.jC L"1\M Poe b- kit ONG (20 TANGi HA~ M~· t'/ c: £-AM e '"' ( .6~Q1- LAT t'ieN - "N~ ~- DAN , e,:r:C.T J - "-UP ~ b , - C ~CH NHIET • 308 - -.-.- c ~- • b , e Hi~h7_ 37 , q_~p b_~P CAU TAO MJ2.NG THU edN GiAN" · c Mii.NG Nude A.MiENG -rHU 'THU xuvriN Ib_MiENG T't\U aiuA MA'( "t\,i~Na CHIC MAt" ."'\ ; , D_ ""1!NS -rt"\U TAt MJltN e ( c:ri>NG e~ 11'-tRM vA 2>~O"~ • c_eOPH~~C.'I~NRAC cA ~NG N~i , , ct'_ONQWUONii" E!-_ 'THU-NO" Hlidc ,.R.qN • 4- B 309 a • , - Hinh 37A CAU " TAO MANS Nude ~:T.CpT " ~ '~;I{NGNucSe _, Grdc 2.- TH~ " O.IQ d, M.,q_NG ,"_ CJ -p;q GI~NG 3_ THIe.P GCC CHd £ J~: Gi;4"l'fG " s: ~~N WEN _~ T-He.P _ KET H qN C., ,oNG I aT MANG e.kNG -9)11- ~.:r C.T jjEN ket H.-iN Q- Gi~NG b_ G-itl_NG CHONG ' ~ANG b qT u@N keY e>" J ONq: e.u c-dNG a~ , " ~2N Ke, ~ £)lEfT - - "THer= jIIf G a~u~ANG ~~ b - "'"- I Hi1h7_378~iANG M;fNG - /,,, ~ ese , ToNG' ~'" NU1:iC ~ COT I' ' I-MA~'G NUde '" '" '" 2- THE~ CHd_ d" WI,qNG 3_ T~leP CHd d ~t.oc THE!-P A~""~ t··i£N , THE,P tiAN NH-'f- a- b_c d cAe GiAt / MANG 310 - '" PI lAP Nlldc -, ~'EN kET GirtNG f!),T.C • T d - NUde 1:>0'" l!.> l'vJlio nJdNG J q~ -9}11 - cONG S.dN u - - -nJdNG ~ • CHI:- TLidN~ M~f CHE ~I\A"l' I -rHOA, ~~NG- tQ.T C T d' q-tO \ -rtA·ON [...]... mong hoac ke' t cau cong trinh, h2 : Gd mong 18 mot phan h~ mat cua dinh m6ng girri han t~ mep ngoai cua dinh mong de'n day cong trinh, tao di~u ki~n thi cong phan tren diroc chinh xac tl1PO vi t,rl thi6t ke' c G6i mong : La hQ phan chiu lire chinh cua m6ng duqc cau tao thea tie't dien chir nhat hoac hinh thap hay dac bac nham tac dung giam dall ap sudt truyen tai dell day mongo Dong thoi vdi yeu cau day... than cong trinh, ket cAu _- mong va phirong phap thi cong cung tinh trang cua cac cong trinh ke can neu co § 2 - I Phan lo~i va truOl1g hew ap d~ng Phan loai : • 1 N~n mong : CAn eli vao tai lieu tham do dia chat va thir nghiern cung tmh toan d~ xli Iy n~n mong, d~t n~n dU{1Cchia lam 2 IOE.li : dat n~n tll nhien va dat n~n nhan tao 1-1 : Ddt nin hi nhien : Loai dat n~n co du kha nAng chiu 11Ic ,cac. .. ch~y dai dQc dltdi chan tltdng ho~c t~o thanh dai dili lien k6t cac chAn cQt, chi~u dai cua mong la r~t dai so vdi chi~u rQng eua 22 no Ap dung cho cac cong trinh dan dung nhidu tAng ki~u khung va cong trinh cong nghiep e Mong be (mong toan dien) : Khi sU'c chiu tai cua dAt n~n qua ye'u kern so vdi tai trong cOng trinh va b~ r¢ng cua cac day mong chiec hose mong bang g~n sat nhau, gAy nan hien tirong... HAM ~ ChUOllg 3 ' CAU TAO TlTirnG • § 1 Khai ni~mchung • " ~ 1.- MO ta tong quat: _" 1/- Chirc nang : Tinrng la bQphan quan trong trong cac cong trinh ki6n true no co chirc nang khong nhirng la k6t cdu bao che, ngan each giiia cac khong gian rna con la k6t cau chiu lire trong nhirng cong trinh tinrng' chiu 11iC 2/- Cae bt) phan e~iiy6u cua tuong : (1linh 3-la) Ttnrng chu y6u gdm cac bQ phan : \ -... tai trong thinrng xuyen xuAt hien lien tuc khi thi cong hoac khi sli' dung trong hrcng ban than cua cac b¢ phan va ke' t cAu cong trinh, cung ap luc cua date HAu he't cac loai mong nha dan dung d~u diroc tmh toan va chon lira d~ dip irng' yeu cau chiu tai trong tinh, (I b Chju tai trong dpng : Loai mong chiu tai trong tam thdi co th~ khong xuAt hien vao cac thai ky nhAt dinh nhir tai trong gio, ap lire... DANG CAU TRUC ~ " H 1.5 _d 18 : /,AI - -_._- _.- A' , ~ ~ v- I A "" v HtNH THtJC KE T CAU DAY CANG ~ • : ,/ ChUUllg 2 , ' , , I , , NEN VA MONG NHA DAN DUNG • '0 § 1.- Khai ni~mchung I.-MOta: 11 N~n mong : la Idp dat nam dUdi mong chiu toan hQ hoac phdn lrrn tai trong cua cong trinh, con duoc goi la dat n~n 2/ Mong: (Hinh 2-Ia/lh) 2-1 : lit hQ phan duoc cAu tao d phdn thAp nhdt cua COl1gtrinh... , -' • .- ME RUi -eON TAY - Vl KED ",I H 1.3 b KE T I cAu TUONG DOC CH1U LUC • • • • RUI ,.-• - BON • T ' • H 1.3 ,,~ KET a • 14 ~ ME • ' • ," - cAu TUONG NGANG CHlu LUC • • ! A , A" , ' " KET (AU KHUNG HOAN TOAN , I • ~~ H~ At C2 AJ A ~ , KET (AU KHUNG KHONG HOAN TOAN 15 • m p , i 0 I I 1 ~ , I' -fJAU KHOP XVONG 2 " •""" A' , '" J' NUT L1EN KET Ie ONG 541 3 ~ " NHA S'N.~!f°o,",T... Mong dltqc cAu tao v&i v~t lieu chiu lire keo, nen va u6n Tai trong tac dQng trsn di nh mong bao nhleu thi d dltdi day mong cling vAnbAy nhisu, Mong m~m bi6n dang g!n nhir n'n, khong lam nhiem V\J phan ph6i lai ap hrc Mong betong c6t thep Is loai mong vira b] bie'n dang kha nhldu lai vira co kha nang phan b61~i ap lire trong d~t n~n, co cinrng dQ cao, ch6ng xam thirc t6t CAu tao theo yeu cau tao hinh... hon chir nhat vi dQ lun cua dat l1el1dttdi mong nho hon, Vj trf ddm mong d~ chiu cac tUdng ngoai cua cong trinh c~n hru y ke' t hop vdi viec chdng tham cho tuOng va chiu lire dap cua n~n nha (Hinh 2-7) -, 2-2 : Mong bang dudi c~t : Mong bang con gQila mong d4m vdi sudn trsn hoac sttdn dUdi va tao thanh hinh dai lien ke' t cac chan cOt Mong dUdi cOt thudng dttqc che'tlilo bAng betOng c6t thep (mong m~m)... Cd cAu dia ch~t va cac di~u ki~n dia chat thuy van, dat n~n nhan tao dU