- etta Ind 1 chieu : True quay thang dung, hircng ve ra ngoai nha 110~Cmd vao trong thee yell cdu slt dung nhirng cira thoat hi~m, cua ra vao chinh cua nha nhat thi6t phai me ra ngoai,
- Ctta 111(12 chieu : Thuong diroc dung d noi cong cong, ngiroi di lal 111~iellva trong cac phong co trang bi h~ th6ng di~u hoa nhiet dQ.
- Cira day truot : Viec dong md" cira khong chism dien tich va khong gian cua phong nhirng can b6 tr imang tmrng' cho each ~m>thutrng diroc dung trong vi~c ligan
chia cac phong da dung, cira nha kho, xuong, cua phong chay chan hra, Canh cira ddy trirot• thea 2 each :
2.1- Thea v~t Iieu : Co th~ phan thanh cac loai : ctta ga, cua thap, cira nhom
2/- Phan Ioai :•
- S61uãqng cira va chieu rong cira phai dam bao nhu c~u di lai, thoat hi~m va v4n C11UY@11trang thiet bi v~t dung ra van duoc nhanh chong va d@dang.
- V! trf cira c~n dircc chon hop ly, dong md thua tien chism it di~n tfch nhat, khong anh hirong de'n vi~c b6 trl do dac v~t dung trong phong 6c k~ ca viec di lai, va phan khu chirc nang trong phong,
- N goai ra, cau tao cira di cling phai dam bao my quan cho ehinh ban than cira CUl1gmat dirng cong trinh, thi cong va bao tri d~ dang, ddng thoi vdi yeu cau each am do Cl1611dong sinh ra khi dong md cira.
1.2- Str dung :?
chac va an toan khi dong md etta.
128
Cac phan g6 cua khuon etta tiep xuc ho~c chon vao tUOng ho~c nen can phai duQ'C
.)
Kich thuoc cira di phu thuoc.cong dung cira va yeu cau my quan. Trong kien tnic dan
dung kich thuoc cua cira diroc chon thea yeu cau di lai va thong thoang voi chieu cao
cua cira, thap nhar cling phai dam bao cho nguoi 1611doi mf di Iai khong bi tra ngai
thuong tit 1,8 - 2,1 m. Chieu rong cira dam bao van chuyen trang thiet bi ra vao phong
diroc de dang va yeu cau v~ thoat nguoi. Chieu rong cira diroc chon cho tnrong hop mot canh la O,65m : O,70m : O,8m : O,90m. Chieu rong cira co 2 canh la 1,2Om - 1,40m.
Chieu rong cira 2,1 Om ap dung khi cira co 4 canh.
Tnrong hop chien rong cira qua 1611so voi chieu cao cira d~ tao cam giac can doi dong thoi d~ lay anh sang va thong gio chung ta bo trf them cira s6 ham hoac cira s6 I~t
voi chieu cao khoang 50-60cm.
11.- .Can tao cac be) phan cira di : 1/- Khuon cira go : (HS-22)
Khac voi cira s6 cac bo phan cau tao khuon cira di g6m 2 thanh dirng va 1 thanh ngang tren, neu cira co nhieu canh thl se tuy tnrong hop rna ba tri them thanh dirng d~
chiu quay rna cira va thanh ngang tren.
1.1- Kich thuoc tiet dien : Cac bo phan 3 ben cua khuon cira co tiet dien 16i 16m
giong nhau va diroc chon thea mot kich tluroc bang nhau thuong If! 6 x 8,6 x 12,8 x 14, 8 x 16, lOx 10cm. Neu dien tfch 16 cira IOn thl tiet dien nay se duoc chon thich trng. Cac
thanh dUng can dt! tru doi them I do~n de chon sau vao n~n 5cm.
1.2- Lien ket V30 tuang : Vi~c lien ket khuon cua di vao tUOng cling gi6ng nhu lien k€t giiia tUOng va khuon cua s6, vai qua trlnh lap dt!Ilg thea 2 phuong cach : ho~c dt!Ilg khuon cira truac khi xay 16 cua ho~c lap khuon cua sau khi xay 16 cua.
Doi vai tUOng xay ho~c duc can toi thi~u 2 di6m lien ket vao tUOng cho m6i thanh dUng. TruOng hqp khuon duqc d~t sat tuang, can xay them mQt khoang tUOng > 10cm d~
chon phl;! ki¢n lien ket duqc d~ dang dong thai cling d~ bao v¢ tay nam cho canh ctta luc rna.
)
- Cira cuon : Dung d~ bao ve cira hang co mat kinh tnrng bay rong, cira gara, cira
kho. Tuy thea vi trf va yeu cau sir dung rna cau tao cira cuon thoang hoac cira cu6n kin,
cung voi viec dat thep huong dan va hop che dau bo phan cuon cho thich hop.
(H5-19a.b; H5-20).
3/- Tham so kich thuoc : (HS-21)
lua tit ngoai vao, d6ng thai voi viec han che luong ngiroi qua lai. Cira co cau tao phirc tap, thuong diroc dung trong cac cong trlnh kien true cao cap nhu khach san .
•
129 't~o ranh d~ go co ngot va son quet chac phong ~m va chdng moi mot (bitum). (H5 ...23).
Canh cua duoc cau tao bdi cac thanh ngang tren, gifra, diroi va thanh dung 2 ben hop tI1811h khung canh va bQ phan tyram hit a gitia khung co th~ bang kmh, la chop,
pane, g6 dan ...
. 2.1- Khung canh : Chieu day cua cac thanh g6 lam khung thirong dtroc chon trong khoang 4 4,5cm. Ban rong cua cac thanh nay se can cir VaG hinh tI111Ccua CanI1 cira rna quyet dinh. Cac thanh ngang phia tren va 2 thanh dnirg ben thucng bang nhau I'Ql1g8 lOCl11,thanh gilia ngang tam tay va thanh ngang duci CU11gd vi tile thudng bi
va Cl1?IU11911C~11rong han ttr 12 20cln, ngoai ra d~ bao ve con ducc boc them 1119tlap
kim loai 1111U'nhom, dOl1g hoac mica, chat deo.
D6i vdi cua di ra VaG ngoai nha, can co cau tao gd d ngach etta canh cira usn Ian}
each mat 11e11tlf 6 Iucm, n11a111111\lCdich khi lam v~sinh cho 11118ttl' trong ngoai dircc d~dang. (H5-25a.b)
2.2. - Cau tao bQ phan tram bit:
- Cira pano : dung g6 ban hay g6 dan day 12cm ghep phang vao khung bang each lua vao ranh va dong nep chan. (H5-26a.b).
- Cira chop : dung nan chop bang g6 ghep nghieng 45° nhir a cira 86 chop co dinh
hoac co the dieu chinh l~t theo yeu cau sir dung.
- Cira kinh : thirong dung kinh day 3mm hoac IOn hem va duoc ghep vao khung nhu
cira s6, phan diroi cua canh cira til mat nen len khoang lODcm thirong dtroc ghep pano
hoac nan chop, (HS-27).
- Clra go dan each am : Loai cira diroc ghep g6 dan co 3 - 5 lop vao 2 mat ben cua khung canh co suon tang ctrong a gitra. De khong khi co th~ hru thong, bao dam kho thoang ben trong than canh, can be tri cac 16 thong hoi 06mm a cac thanh ngang va
siren trong khung. (H5-28a.b).
Cira g6 dan bang phang, dep sach nhirng de bi hong mrt khi g~p am trot hoac nang.
Khi c6 yell cau tang kha nang each am thi co th6 chen vao giira cac khoang tr6ng ben trong than cira bang cac vat lieu each am nhir dam bao ep, tharn sci khoan, tharn sci thuy tinh ho~c phli n~m bQc vai, da a m~t ngoai. (H5-29).
2.3- Canh ella khong khung :
- Bang g6 : la lo~i ctra go don gian nhat, thuOng duqc dung cho cac nha kho, cac nha cap thap. Canh cua duQ'CCall t~o boi cac van ghep dUng tren cae thanh ngang va chong cheo theo h'inh chfr Z, cho nen cua nay con dUQ'cg9i la cua chu Z. De bao dam canh ctta khong b! x~ luc d6ng rna, can d~t huang thanh chong va vi tTl bat ban I~ gong dung each. (H5-30a.b).
130
4.2- Cira cu6n (HS-34).
4.3- Cira quay (HS-3Sa.b.c.d.e).
4.4- Cira xep (HS-36).
(Hinh ve minh hoa chi tiet)
4- Cac phu kien lien ket va bao ve.
1.- BQ phan dong rna cira :
1) - Ban Ie : Phu kien lien ker gitra canh cira va khuon cira gitip van hanh dong rna canh cira duoc d~ dang.
1.1- Kich thuoc : Ban I~ co nhieu co, tuy thea tnrong hop rna ap dung : - Cira s6 thuong dung co 8 - 10 - 12 - 14 - 16cm.
- Ora di dung co: 14 - 16 - 18cm.
Cac cira co chieu cao > 1,80rn thirong moi canh bat 3 ban I~.
1.2- Phan loai : Ban Ie co 3 loai chinh gom :
- Ban Ie c6i dung cho cira co khuon. (HS-37a).
- Ban Ie gong thuong dung cho cira khong khuon (HS-38) - Ban Ie bat dung cho cira m& 2 chieu,
Ngoai ra con bo phan d6ng nr dong van hanh co khi hoac dong rnb tl! dong van
. ..
- Bang kmh hoac chat den : 'I'oan bQ canh cua diroc thuc hien bang mot tam kmh (thuy tinh kho b~ hoac thuy tinh co cot thep) hoac bang chat deo, Ban l~ va khoa se dircc bat true ti~p van canh. Loai cua duc;1cdung d nha cap cao hoac kho xuong d~c biet,
(H5-31)
3)- Call t~o c\ta di bang thep - nhom :
etta di v&i khuon va khung bang thep hoac nhom dircc cau tao tirong ttl nhu cira s6 cling v~t lieu nay. Tuy nhien co vai yeu cau rieng biet can quan tam khi thiet k~ la :
- Bo phan tram bit khoang gnra khung cua canh co th~ dung ton day 1 3mm d~
boc 1 lop hoac 2 lop hay lap kinh v&i nep d~m cao su
- V&i loai cua di CaCl1 nhiet, gilt nhiet c3'u tao bang thep hoac nhom, can chen tram vat lieu each nhiet, chiu nhiet d gnra 2 Iop ton chiu nhiet boc d 2 mat ngoai cua
khung siren canh cira, (H5-32)
4)- C~ll tao cac loai cira d~c biet : 4.1- Cira dAy (HS-33a.b)
131 111.- BQ phan then khoa : (85-42)
Ij-Kre-mon (thong hong) :
BQ phan co tac dung c6 dinh canh cira vao khung cira diroc lap b phia trong nha cua canh cira tnroc dong sau d6i voi cira s6, va canh d6ng tnroc rna sau dai voi cira di. Tay van dat. ., a do cao I,SOm tir mat nen doi voi cira s6.. va 0,80 - 1rn dai voi cira di.
D6i vci cira s6 chat thl chup (1 2 dau kre-rnon nen bat lui vao I.Scm de khi d6ng khong bi virong go khuon cira.
2- Then cai : BQphan dtroc dung thay cho kre-rnon. Then cai ngang dung cho cira (HS-41)
, ?
4x40mm dung lap 6 khoa, kre-rnon.
hanh bang quang dien, (HS-39)
D~ tien viec lap ban Ie vao khuon va khung canh cira, can phan bier loai ban Ie phai (hie rna se cung chieu quay kim dong ho) va loai ban l~ trai (hie rna se nguoc chieu
quay cua kim dong ho). (HS-37b).
2)- Cac bQ phan khac glup dong rna eua duqe k~ la : (85-40)
- Tay chang hoac keo dung cho cira s6 rna co true quay ngang d~t b thanh ngang tren hoac thanh ngang duoi cua khung canh cira,
- Chat quay dung cho cira s6 lat c6 true quay ngang dat b giira canh tren 2 thanh dirng ben cua khung canh cira. Hoac cho cira rna co true quay dimg d~t a gitra canh tren thanh ngang tren va duoi cua khung canh.
- Banh xe Ian tren ranh hoac thep huang dan dung cho cira day tnrot, day xep,
11.- BQ phan lien ket :
1)- Eke va T : BQ phan dung d~ cung co canh cira giiI cho khung canh cira luon vuong goc, khong bien hinh. Tuy thea kich thiroc cua khung rna dung cac co tir 8 - 10 -
12 - 14 - 16 - 18cm va diroc bat vao mat khung b phia trong nha doi voi canh cira co bat kre - mon thi can dich vi to eke vao trong de chira cho vira du bat chup kre - mon.
2)- Bat sat: BQ phan dung d~ lien ket va 6n dinh khuon vao nrong t6i thieu 3 bat sat cho 1 thanh dirng cua khuon cira di.
3)- Dinh vit : De lien ket cac loai phu kien vao khuong va khung canh cira, thuong dung cac co:
3x IS - 3x20 dung lap eke, T vao cira s6.
4x30rnm dung lap eke, T vao cira di.
132
2.1- Phong chong long tham : Bang each dung hoa hoac luoi thep gan co dinh vao khuon hoac khung canh cira hay cau tao them mot lop cira ngan each thoang.
2.2- Che chan nhln to mo : Bang each dung cira co chOp l~t ho~c b6 trl treo man ctta hay rem, sao cuon bang nhiing tam m6m.
2.3- Che chan nang choi va buc x~ : B6 trl man cua day ho~c mong, manh sao cuon, keo ho~c chong, h~ th6ng tam che chan bang nhom, chat deo d~t nam ngang, th~ng dUng co dinh ho~c co d¢ng nham dam bao muc d¢ che chan tuy Iuc trong ngay va mua. (H5-46).
2)- An toan sir dung :
Bao gorn cac b¢ phan duoc cau tao d~ ket hop mot each hifu CO voi cira nham bao dam cac nh u cau :
verrus.•
1 canh - then cai doc lap d tren va diroi dUl1G~ho cira 1 canh hoac nhieu canh .
.,
3- Khoa : 6 k110a se tuy loai rna duuc lap am trong thnah dirng' cua k11Ul1gcanh hoac
bat 10ngoai vi tri d~u ngoai gi (iãaphia hem cira. Thong thutrng 6 khoa diroc lap van canh cira ben phai dni vdi htrong di van nha.
Ngoai ra doi vdi mot so loal khoa, C~11phai phan biet diroc trai phai l"uclap d~t van
canh cho phu hop voi viec mo dily hoac md keo. (H5-44)