dagc goi chung la he gihng nhhm tao thanh mat he cdu k6t khbng gian Bn dinh, bao dam cac tac dung : - Li6n k6t khbng gian cac m$t dan vi keo, bao dAin bn dinh ngoai m$t pl18ng cho cac t
Trang 27
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Trang 94
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Trang 14vi keo
a- k6t V U ~
v.v dt bao din
cac thal
xudng c
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c6 thd c4
lqc ngan
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Trang 15xa g6 vdi xa g6 nllo h m gat l6n xa g6 ldn
b- Khi hai khdu dQ bHng nhau thi ap dung phacfng cach vi keo k6 tren vi kko, vi keo a c6 mat d$u gat len tadng, mot d$u cbn lai gat 16 vi kko b, d vi t r i giao tuy6n giQa cac met ddc d$t d$m nghieng c n6u khdu dS, ldn thi c6 ti18 thay dhm nghi6ng bhng ban
vi keo (H7-17)
2.4- He gihng :
a- Tac dung cda h@ gidng : Cac dan vi keo piling rieng 16 ngoai viec dadc li6n k6t vdi nhau bHng cac xa gd ma con phAi cdu tao lien k6t bhng thanh gihng, thanh chdng
v.v dagc goi chung la he gihng nhhm tao thanh mat he cdu k6t khbng gian Bn dinh, bao dam cac tac dung :
- Li6n k6t khbng gian cac m$t dan vi keo, bao dAin bn dinh ngoai m$t pl18ng cho cac than11 canh chju nkn
- Ch!u cac lqc khbng nhm trong in$t phhng ciia dan vi kito, truydn di cac lqc di xudng cot, mong
- BAo dAm dqng l6p thuan tien, an toan
d k6t ciiu ddn vi kit0 c i a mai nha, thadng dung 2 loqi giHng : giHng trong mat ph6ng mai v i giHng trong m$t p l ~ h n g cac thanh ddng cua dan vi kho
chdt bi6n hinh c6a cbng trinh, bho dAn 6n dinh c6a toan dan vi kko cung n h a ccla thanh canh nkn Tuy the0 clli6u dai n h i , do ldn ciia d i n vi keo va k6t cdu tadng d$u h6i ma
co thd cs'u tao h$ gihng inai n h a sau :
bi- Tradng hdp chidu dai nha < 20m va c6 tadilg d6u h6i cdng c6 thd chju dagc
ILJ'C ngang (tudng gach > 22cm) thi c6 th6 d i n g ngay xa g6 d6 lam giing, vdi didu kien
x i gb phai dagc cdu tao li6n kgt chat vao thanh kit0 (canh tr6n c6a dan vi keo) cGng nhu' vaa tadng h6i
b2- T r ~ d n g hdp t d n g h6i khbng du cdng dd ch!u daqc lqc ngang cClng n h ~ r khi nha dai qua (khoang cach gi3a cac tu'dng ngailg cdng > 201n) thi phai tao ra nhililg khdi cdng 6 hai dhu nha va dpc chi& dai n h i , cach nhau khbng qua 20m d6 lain didm tqa cho cac xa g6 6n djnh cac dAm vi keo khac d khoang giiia Khdi cdng gSin 2 d i n vi keo canh nhau, than11 kit0 du'dc ndi nhau bhng cac thanh gihng chko chQ thap, tgo t h i n h mot dan nhm nghieng Thanh giHng chi50 d6ng dinh trqc ti6p vao thanh keo ho$c qua cac dai thep mong, ch6 giao nhau gi3a gihng chko va xa g6 cung cdn lien k6t ch$t
Trang 16He gi5ng ddng c6 tac dung co" kkdt cho cac mGt c i a can11 du'di (qua giang) khbng
venh kh6i mgt phhng c i a dan vi k&o, bAo d i m cho dan c6 vi t r i t h i n g dQng, dgc biet
khi c6 gi6 1611, nGn cung duqc goi la g i h g gi6 Gi5ng dgt trong mgt ~ h i n g t h h g ddng
6 giaa dan vi k&o 116i tting dbi vi kko vao nhau va co thd cach vai ba gian thi 116 t r i mot
118 gihng ddng Kh811g n$n lam gi5ng ddng li811 tqc su6t chi&u dai gi5ng vi khi cfh 116u
mQt dan vi kko c11i11h hi plla hoai vi nguy8n 11h2n nao 86 thi s6 chuy6n lqc sang cac vi
kko lAn c$n va c6 thd gAy pha hoai dAy chuy6n
Khi nhjp c i a dan vi kko kha 16n (> 151n) thi ~ h A i lain 2, 3 11e gi5ng dQng trong cAc
mat p h i n g t h a n h ddng khac cGa dan vi kko
He gifng ddilg bao g6n1 hai thailh thkp c113 th$p vh met than11 ngang 116 c : i r ~51111
duf6i (qua giang), Than11 cl16o b5t bu loll vho tl1ni111 clil'ng ciia clan vi kko cl~iiih (116'~
t11an11 nay b f n g g6) 11oQc b5t bu 1011 viio xh gB vii vho chnh dufdi cua dan vi k6o c:l1i1111,
t h a n h ch6o chi1 duqc lain bang thkp trbn, bAt vit viio cAnh dan vi k6o
Tikdt dien c < ~ a than11 gi5ng d i h g d w c chon theo C&I tao, khbng t i n h toan - t h a n h
g6 c6 d6 m6ng < 20cin, tllanh tl16p trhil c6 duidng kin11 12 1 16'" (H7-19)
Noi cllung viec b 6 t r i va CALI tao dung cach he gi5ng cua mai n h a c6 y nghTa quygt
dlilh dkdil s q lant viec an toan cua he mai, khi tllikdt kkd cAn quan tAm dgc biet
111 - Cgu tgo b8 ph$n d+c biet
11- Khu nbc, mhng xbi :
1.1- M6 t i :
a- Khu noc : La bQ p11$11 11qp t11Anh bdi 3 mAi ddc cfuwc: cdu tao 6' doail dAu 116i
n l ~ a , 6 v/ t r i 2 inai d6c giao nhau s6 tao t l ~ a n h gd s6ng 116c nhb 1811 vA ng11ii.ng then cl1i6u
d6c cua inai
T t ~ y theo goc tao t h i i l h gii?a dtfdng giot nufdc cua cAc mhi : 11kdu1 la g6c vu611g thi
goi la k11u n6c thgng, nkdu: la goc nhon hogc tti thi goi 1; k11u nhc xii?n
b-nFcin.gx6i : La I)$ pl1$11 lorn xu6'ng 6 vj t r i giao t u y h cfurgc c5u t;;o dgt inhng d6
t h u i1u.6~ t i f cac mai d6c dB11 dkdn Ridu cach cgu~ tao mang x6i du'qc gidi thieu 6 td chdc
thoat nu6c mai d6c (H7-20)
1.2- Yc5u cgu thie"t ke"
a- Khi chc mai giao nllau co 66 d6c bBng nhau, dufdng gd song noc, duldng r6nh inai
du-dc xac djnh tr8n mat b51lgmai cach vG d~dngpl18il gi Ac ciia g6c tao n8n b6i c5c ifufd~ig
giot 11u.d~ c<ii 2 inhi
b- Tikdt die11 llgang cua cAu pllong, tllanll kko chju mhng xdi, gd song noc cf~iqc x5c:
djnh t r h bang v6 b5ng cach a p dung qui thc il6ng il?ing v i o cach v6 nhu' snu :
MI
d Dunl tr8n m, cac mi: hqp 5 n song ni duqc gi
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2.1 mii d6c
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