Ứng dụng phổ kế siêu cao tần trong viễn thám hàng không xây dựng bản đồ độ ẩm đất

Tieu ban: Cong nghe thong tin - Tir dong hod - Cong nghe I'u tru ISBN: 978-604-913-010-6 tTNG DUNG PHO KE SIEU CAO T A N TRONG VIEN THAM HANG KHONG XAY DlTNG BAN DO DO A M D A T Doan Minh Chung, Vo Thj Lan Anh, Vii Trung Kien, Phung Diic Thuong, Bui Huy, Ngo Tuan Ngoc* Vien Cdng nghe Vii try 18 Hoang Qudc Viet Cau Giay, Ha Ndi Email: dmehung@sti.vast.ac.vn Tom tat Trong 10 ndm (2000-2010) hgp tdc khgg hoc cdng nghe vdi Vien Dien td - Vien HLKH Bunggri cdc cdn bd ihudc Vien Vdt Ly, ngy chuyen sang Vien Cdng nghe vit tru, dd chi tgg thdnh cdng he phd ke sieu ccio tdn bdng L (I.4GLIz) C (3.5GHz) vd X (10.95GHz) vd irng dung chimg trgng dieu trg vd nghien ciru mdi trudng nhu dd dm ddt sinh khdi thuc vdt, man mrdc bien Cdc ket qua dd dugc bdo cdo tgi nhieu hdi nghi vd ngodi nude vd ddng tren cdc tgp ehi chuyen ngdnh Trong ndm 2007-2008, thuc hien di tdi cdp Vien KHCNVN 'Nghien ciru tich hgp mdy thu GPS vdi he phd ke sieu ego tdn vd irng dung thir nghiem phuang phcip vien thdm hdng khdng xdy dung bgn dd dm ddt vimg ddng bdng trung du Bdc bd", nhdm cdn bd nghien ciru Vien Cdng nghe vit tru dd ldp ddt he phd ke (bdng L&C) len mdy bay true thdng, bay doc theo viing ddt thugc huyen Ba Vi vd Gia Ldm Hd Not de thu phd birc xg tu nhien eug ddng lug tir dd xdy dung bdn dd dd dm ddt Sd lieu dd dugc phdn tich, tinh todn vd bdn dd hod dm ddt lap be mat sgu hieu chinh dnh huang eug lap thdm thuc vcit Id ddng liia Ket qud cua de tdi dd khai thde irng dung cua vien thdm hdng khdng ddi vdi cdc ddi tugng tu nhien ed dien tich lan vd ddng nhdt (nhu rirng, ddng lua, bien) Abstract In ten years (2000-2010) of scientific and technological cooperation with the Institute of Electronics - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the seiendsts of the Institute of Physics, ngw nwved lo the Space Technolog}' Institute (STI) of VAST ha\'e successfully manufactured microwave radiometers (MW RDMs) with L (1.4GHz) C (3.5GHz), L-band (I0.95GHz) and their investigations for environment research and monitoring such as soil moisture, vegetation water content, sea surface sglinity The studied results hcive been reported at mony national and international conferences as well as published in specific research journals In t^vo years 2007-2008, implementing the VAST's research project "Research and integration of GPS receiver with the MW RDMs and trial application of the aerial remote sensing method to establish the soill moisture map for the North Vietnam middle high basins ", the scientist group of STI have the L&C-band RDMs to the helicopter, to fly along the rice fields ofBa Vi and Gia Lam, Ha Noi region to capture the MW emission of the rice fields, through thgt tg establi.sh the soil moisture map of the observed fields after correction of the rice cover influence The successive results of the project have investigated the aerial remote sensing apllieation for the natural objects homogenous stretch over a large area like forest, rice field and sea suifaee 30 Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm I'ien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10 2010 I Gioi thieu chung Van de quan ly nguon nude ndng nghiep cd the dugc eai thien kip thdi thdng qua \'iee theo ddi am dit Tuy nhien cac phep truyen thdng da trd nen khdng thuc tl dp am dat bien ddng kha lan ve ca thdi gian \'a khdng gian, viec giam sat am dat can dugc tiln hanh d dien rdng, hoac d viing xa xdi hiem trd ma ngudi khd den dugc.Vi vay, cdng nghe vien tham da va dang dugc img dyng rdng rai danh gia va giam sat am dat Cac nghien ciiu trudc day da cho thay mdt sd sensor cam img cd the dugc dimg de xac dinh am dat be mat [1,4,6] Cac he phd ke sieu cao tan dugc cho la thich hgp viec xac dinh am dat \'i tinh dn dinh cao su dung dugc cac trudng hgp gan tren ve tinh may bay, tram mat dat va khdng phu thude \'ao may, ngay/dem Tir nam 2002 - 2006 nhdm chuyen gia thude Vien Vat Ly, sau chuyin vl Vien Cdng nghe vu try da hgp tac vdi Vien Dien tir, Vien HLKH Bungari ehl tao cdng he phd kl sieu cao tan bang L & C, da hgp tac vdi nhieu co quan nhu Vien Dia ly, Vien Vat Ly thude Vien KHCNVN, Vien KH Khi tugng Thuy \'an \'a Mdi trudng, v.v nghien cim im dit bing cac phd ke sieu cao tan, dat ket qua kha quan (Hinli 1) Hinh I Anh chup he phd ke bdng L & C do dm sinh khdi ddng ngd vd nhiet mdt bien Bai viet md ta tdm tat phuang phap va cac kit qua dat dugc ciia dl tai eip Vien KHCNVN nam 2007-2008 "Nghien ciiu tich hop may thu tin hieu GPS voi he ke sieu cao tan va iing dung thu nghiem vien tham hang khong xay dyng ban do im dat vimg dong bang Trung du Bac bo", Vien Cdng nghe vii try chu tri thyc hien Myc tieu ciia de tai la tien hanh do phat xa ty nhien eiia dit va ldp phii thuc vat (liia, cd) bang cac phd ke sieu eao tan (bang L & C ) dugc lip dat tren may bay, kit hgp vdi cac phep thyc dia m§t dat, tir dd xay dung ban dd im dit viing nghien ciin nhim theo ddi biln ddng am dat theo thdi gian va khdng gian, phyc vy giam sat, quan ly tai nguyen nude va mdi trudng II Phuong phap thuc nghiem 2.1 Gidi thieu chung: Vdi myc dich la danh gia im dit bing phuong phap vien tham SCT thy ddng va sy biln ddng ciia am dat tren mdt viing rdng Idn giiia miia khd (thang 11-12) va miia mua (thang 56) tren mdt viing dat kha rdng, cd dac trung biln ddng Idn vl im dit \'a cd gia tri kinh tl vl cay cdng - ndng nghiep, phuang phap nghien cim dugc lya chgn la Vien thim hang khdng (Aerial remote sensing, ARS), viing nghien cim dugc lya chgn la viing ddng bing Trung du Bic bd cd ddng bang va ddi ddc lay \iing ndng nghiep lua Ba Vi va Gia Lam lim tam 31 Tieu ban: Cong nghe thong tin - Tu dong hod - Cong nghe 'u tru ISBN: 978-604-913-010-6 Tren co sd ghi nhan phd phat xa sieu cao tan dugc thu bai he phd kl bang L & C treo tren may bay, ket hgp vdi tin hieu may thu GPS tieh hgp vao chuang trinh thu nhan tu ddng ciia cac phd ke, chiing ta se ghi dugc phd phat xa sieu cao tin thdi gian thuc ciia cac ddi tugng tir nhien nam viing thu ciia anten phd ke klii bay qua Dya tren phd phat xa thu dugc, am dat (thudng bi che phii bdi \&p tham thyc vat) se dugc tinh toan dua theo cac md hinh ban thuc nghiem va cac phep thyc dia mat dat Sau dd tich hgp vdi toa bay dugc xac dinh bdi may thu GPS, cac ket qua am dat dugc gan \ao tga thuc, tir dd xay dung ban dd am dat ciia vimg nghien cim Nhdm can bd dl tai da hgp ddng vdi Cdng ty dich vy bay mien Bac (Gia Lam), thyc hien hcrp ddng ky thuat lip dat cac thilt bi Ien may bay va tien hanh bay Hgp ddng dugc thyc hien bay lin vao cac nam 2007-2008 bing may bay tryc thang MI-I7 Theo hgp ddng, may bay tryc thang bay phyc vy thi nghiem d cao h ~ 100-150m, bao dam tranh dugc nhieu tap am tir cac ngudn phat sdng tir mat dat va bao dam chinh xac cho phep Sai so vl cao 0.5% khdng gay anh hudng dang ke den ket qua eiia phd ke sieu cao tin, nhit la ddi vdi tin sd f < GHz [I] Gdc md eiia anten phd ke bang L la 30*^, nen vet (foot print) ciia anten cd dudng kinh d ~ 2.tg(15°).h = (107 - 161)ni ; Ddi vdi phd ke bang C, gdc md bing 15^, vlt cd dudng kinh dc ~ 2.tg(7.5'').h ~ (52 - 79)m May bay bay cham voi tdc khoang V ~ 120 km/h = 33 m/s, nghTa la phd ke cd the lay mau tir - lan I vet eiia anten (vi phd ke lay mau Is / lan) Dieu bao dam phep eiia phd ke tren may bay dap irng dugc « tinh » cua phd ke Vdi chieu dai bay dgc theo vimg quan sat khoang L ~ 20,000ni, thi thdi gian bay mdi dudng la t = 20,000/33 ~ 600s = 10 phut, cd thi ghi dugc 600 sd lieu cho mdi dudng bay, dii chinh xac yeu cau Theo cac chuyen gia hang khdng, may bay true thang loai se dat rung thap nliat bay d tde V~120 km/h Sai sd chii yeu sy rung lac ciia may bay lam thay ddi gdc tdi ciia anten Cd the hieu chinh sai sd bang cac md hinh ban thyc nghiem [4,8,11] De cung cap cac sd lieu ve loai dat, phan dat, sinh khdi thyc vat, v.v., ddng thdi vdi qua trinh tir may bay, mdt nhdm can bd tien hanh thyc dia mat dat tai cac diem xac dinh ciia viing nghien cim ma may bay bay qua, va mdt nhdm khac se thu anh ve tinh MODIS de kiem chirng ket qua vien tham hang khdng 2.2 Khu vuc bay thuc nghiem Ba Vi: Trong chuyen bay thir nghiem dau tien (nam 2007), phd kl sieu eao tin bang C dugc lip dat dudi bung ciia may bay tryc thang MI-17, vdi gdc quan sat 9=0" (nadir) Myc dich ciia thi nghiem: - Kiem tra dp chinb xac va dn dinh ciia phd kl sieu cao tin bang C boat ddng tren may bay \'di tdng thdi gian bay la 60 phut - Kiem dinh \'a pban ticb phat xa kliac giira cac ddi tugng: dit trdng, dong lua, cay cdng nghiep, nha cira, sdng ho.v.v Phan tieh cac ylu td anh hudng din sd lieu eiia kl dat tren may bay so vai dudi mat dit - Xac dinli dg phat xa ciia cac ddi tugng mat dit va tham thyc vat dien tich bay, tir dd tinh toan am dat \'a am sinh khdi thirc vat - Tdng hgp cac ket qua da dugc xir ly, xay dung ban do im dit viing nghien ciru Sau klii khao sat \'iing bay do, de tai da thong nhit vl quy dao bay, gdm dudng sau: - Viing bay thude cac xa La Phii, Hoang Xa, Xuan Son thugc huyen VTnh tbiiy, xa VTnh Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Not 10 2010 Thinh, tbudc huyen Ba Vi, Ha Ndi, cd khung toa dd dia ly la 105*'28"76"", 21°05"48"" va 105°28'76'',2I°I2'18" - Dudng bay theo hudng Ddng - Tay vdi chieu dai mdi dudng la 20km, khoang each giiia cac dudng bay la km Tdng sd dudng bay la - Tdng dien tich khu vyc bay khoang 240km" - Chieu cao bay: 80-lOOm Van tdc may bay do: lOOkm/h - Do thang bang bay do: dn dinh khdng vugt qua: ± 3° •4| 19-> 20km lOS-irss" ^ 105-28'76- > A 105°17'12" L05°17'4" i 105''28'76" 4km t ^ IOS'17'4" 105*2876" —#- Cac thiet bi thi nghiem bao gdm: - 01 phd ke bang C (f = 3.5 - 3.7 GHz, AT < 0.3K), dugc gin tren may bay va dugc dilu khien ty ddng bang chuang trinh cai dat trudc Sd lieu dugc ty ddng thu thap, xir ly, biln thi phd "on-line" bang chuang trinh phin mim Radiometer 4.0 - May quay phim, may anh sd de ghi tu lieu anh cac khu vuc may bay bay qua, lam co sd dl phan tich phd tin hieu cua phd kl - Thiet bi va lay mau dat, mau liia, ngd Sau chuan hoa phd kl tai san bay, ghep ndi phd kl va thilt bi thu GPS vdi may tinh xach tay len may bay de thyc hien viec dac sd lieu, may bay da cit canh bay din khu vuc da dinh san theo toa 2.3 Khu vuc Gia ldm, Hd Ngi Sau chuyen bay nam 2007, dl tai riit kinh nghiem nam 2008 bay khu vyc ddng liia Gia Lam (sat vdi dudng cao tdc di Bic Ninh - Lang Son), vi dong liia d day rdng va thuin chiing hon De tai cung h^n che dien tich bay, bay day dac hon dl tang cudng chinh xac cho phep do am dat D I tai sir dyng phd kl (L&C), nhien qua trinh do, phd kl bang L da bj treo khdng boat ddng dn dinh, nen chi ed sd lieu ciia bang C - Viing bay tbudc cac xa Phii Ddng, Ninh Hiep, Phii Chin, Trung Miu, Gia Lam, Ha Ndi, cd khung toa dia ly la 105°56'34", 21°02"29,7" va I05°59'27", 21^^05'12,5"" - Hudng bay Ddng - Tay vdi chieu dai moi dudng la 5km, khoang each giira cac dudng la km Tdng sd dudng bay la Tdng thdi gian bay la 60 phut - Tdng dien tich khu vyc bay khoang 30 km^ - Do cao bay ~ (70-100) m Van tdc may bay ~ (80-100) km/h - Do thang bang bay do: dn dinh khdng vugt qua: ± 3" So dd dudng bay dugc xac dinh nhu sau: 33 ISBN: 978-604-913-010-6 Tieu ban: Cong nghe thong tin - Tie dong hod - Cong nghe ITt tru A , 2l'OS'12t" 21°04'dO" ^ u m ^ 105°S6'34' ^ F ^ 21=o:'29 r 21°C|5'1I.S ^^^ 105°58'S2" ' 2#!t"' ailDl^^Tl Dl xac dinh anh hudng ciia ldp thuc vat din kit qua do am dat bang phuong phap vien tham, cin phai xac dinh im sinh khoi thuc vat bing phuong phap kinh dien.^Cac can bd VienDia Ly da cit din tan goc cac cay liia Im^ dien tich can tuoi tai chd (sinh khdi Ly aa car cen lan goc cau *-ay lua uuug im uiyn iiv.ii, •y^^^ -.^^^ -v' v—-tuoi), sau i dd mang vl phdng thi nghiem siy klid va can lien tilp din khdi lugng ciia lan say lien tiep ilp bing (sinh khdi khd) Sy chenh lech khdi lugng giua sinh khdi tuoi va sinh khdi khd chinh la dd im sinh khdi Kit qua dugc the hien bang //;/;/; Ldp ddt phd ke dudi bung mdy bay vd chudn bi cdt cdnh Bdng 1; Sd lieu dm sinh khdi ddng lua vimg Gia Ldm Sinh khoi kho Sin khoi tuoi TT Kg/ha Kg/m' g/0.25m' Kg/ha g/0.25m-' Kg/m' 44056.4 1101.41 0.82 8178 SGLl 4.41 204.45 20740.4 2.07 0.42 4173.2 104.33 518.51 SGL2 8249.8 0.82 206.25 0.14 SGL3 1379.3 34.48 SGL4 35472.4 3.55 886.81 7449.2 186.23 0.74 28694 2.87 717.35 SGL5 143.47 0.57 5738.8 Do am sinh khoi Kg/m' 3.59 1.66 0.69 2.80 2.30 Vdi cac tham sd thu dugc tir cac bang 1, ap dung cac md hinh ban thyc nghiem ciia T.J.Jackson & T.J Schmugge [7] va md hinh Wang - Schmugge [10], se hieu chinh dugc anh hucmg ciia ldp thuc vat va xac dinh dugc am ldp dit phia dudi Hinh md ta so dd khdi tinh toan am dit tir phd gia tri ciia phd ke bang C dat tren may bay vdi sy hieu chinh anh hudng ciia ldp phii thyc vat (liia, ngd, cd) Hinh md ta giao dien ciia phan mem Radiometer 4.0 ty ddng thu nhap sd lieu eiia phd ke, tinh toan \a hien tbi on-line cac thdng sd mdi trudng quan tam (do am dat, sinh khdi thyc vat, V.V.) cac tac gia ciia de tai xay dung nam 2007 [12] 34 Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Not 10 2010 HI Xu ly so lieu vien tham hang khong xac djnh am dat Trudc tien hanh thi nghiem bay do, can chuan hda cac phd ke tai mat dat, hieu chinh \'a ddng bg thdi gian thue eiia cac thiet bi nhu phd ke, may tinh, may thu GPS may anh, camera, ddng hd thdi gian Viec rat quan trgng cho qua trinh phan loai ddi tugng va xir ly so lieu Phan loai cac ddi tugng tren mat dat la budc quan trgng dau tien de nhan dang dung phd tin hieu thu dugc tir tren may bay \'a ap dyng cac sd lieu thu dua chiing vao cac md hinb tinh toan (Fresnel, Wang - Schmugge ), tir dd tinh am dat Hiiih la phd tin hieu tdng hgp thu dugc (dang tin hieu eiia phd kl bang C la tin sd) eiia cac ddi tugng dudi mat dat may bay bay qua thdi gian 60 phiit va vimg bien cua phd tin hieu phat xa eiia cac ddi tugng sau phan loai So lieu thuc dia Tlh6nckhi SF(%) CF(%) BD(g/cm') ^ Tinh £(\\'si) cua dat theo mo hinh Wang - Schmugge Gan Wsi = 0+i.0.1 i = 1.2 (do am dat gia djnh) Tinh He so phan xa theo cong thirc Fresnel r(9.E) '' Do phat xa esi= l-Fj ,9,E) esi= l-riiG.e, Gan es - dp phat xa cua dat sau hieu chinh anh huong cua lop thirc vat ^' So sanh 5= ! es - esi t Htnh 3; Sa dd khdi tinh todn dd dm ddt cd hieu chinh dnh hirdng ciia lap thuc vdt Hinh 4; Giao dien cua chuang trinh thu nhdn vd xu ly sd lieu Radiometer i ISBN: 978-604-913-010-6 Tieu ban: Cong nghe thong tin - Tu dong hod - Cong nghe Vu tru Viec phan loai cac ddi tugng ty nhien dudi mat dat dya vao thdng tin tdng hgp nhu sau: - Toa GPS gin tren may bay lien tyc cap nhat vao may tinh tga khu \arc bay qua; - Hmh anh ghi dugc tir camera gan tren may bay ghi nhan ddi tugng vdi thdi gian thyc; - Phd gia tri phat xa thu dugc tir phd ke tren may bay ciia cac ddi tugng eiing loai ed gia tri gan bang nhau; Hinh (6 - 8) md ta kit qua phan loai cac ddi tugng dudi mat dat va cac bii 225 95 226 34 226 47 I / Hinh Phd phdt xg thu dugc mdy bgy bgy qua dudng be-tdng (asphalt) "" KJ.i L4 ™ , ••.J -J'A i ^ i™ — i '^ • « « *^ 1147 1147 Wi 'SWJI 'SfM '8j;4 • H 105 105 105 VA 105 '• ^ 3500 02- 0933 ai"jiti 3113 IS 331'3 le f " ^ 5O0'O3'Oe33ftlCe 1C5 5500 o;- 0375 'lOSgSOO'OI' QB33 31J'303 !2l'307 E 'ATM '9?W '9171 • -. » - * - •,%> i _) i li 57 57 57 57 lE-M lE-ll i£.n 1E-II 21 31 31 31 4 5' if 57 57 57 IE-11 1t-11 IE-11 1E-H " I E 11 31 ^1 31 31 31 4 4 t C 4tik 'jet 59ijtj iHbb 54 »• 59 S6 ^- -—- / a :rn»(; [Fs ^ • P :-= 2T0^ 170 0^ 368 58 2Bo72 itauu 253 54 267 IF XI •> i -^ «e»i esst eeee ftCM esB» uwa Stttf eBnt eeJg ~— - 'ViYi sw'jie J)5*319 33e'32C 11.47 'tiei n47 1147 'M7P ya''m w.v 'BOGB 11 M J •P9BB 'trt^lt NO m i n i 11/ IIH.1 U47 tlJ? 1147 •DB3B •'I 05 9500 - 3 ' « W ' s m I D M 0 ' 0033 '105 0 ' - 6 r^iii TWl?'' 340*334 M l ^33' 'SJiG -': ; IDS 57 IE-11 105 07 1E-M 31 31 4 57 IE-11 31 ' 105 '^lUV 59 9E °ll l"SS7T« S ^ i ^ f , T ' ^ ; i w j - > K «« 3601? 9«,? 26307 36S33 >M9H : "(^ •ir ///«/? 5.' Phd phdt xg thu dugc mdy bay bay qua ddng lua (Rice) Chuang trinh tinh toan dp am dat tir so Heu cua ke theo thuat toan hinh dugc mo ta tren hinh A J B i C FlleWS SM SItel XLS z p e i i m e ^ i n e l d Ba V disinc F E i J K L M 06 — ^l^m'^fm&FrVSMMt 0.62S6 r 04?0 I 0^(30 0.405 ; 0.64^ 405 \ 0.634 O'laO 9_ IHU D3 — — D*U.i [>«U>2 ——C«11.4 •^—D.U.« " " • ^ - - , •v ^ 10 00 11 f Dl 12 0; 04 0.3 03 VIM U / d l 13 33 Input datt Fr»Q Hz 15 F i e q GH7- 3.6 EPS-' 5 16 T«m|> ' C • 34.5 EPSr- 17 SF • - - 68.14 EP3.'= EPSi- 18 C F ' , 19 BD .jcirv3 9.2 0.124 60£*og P n r * iv.At* • • ir n\ 745^ Angle raiJ EPSa 000 EPSw = fM.SB .ju.;ifi Input a * H X E f W i W i t / E i i p « r f T i o r l / oAfl (s p0 Ul.-iLy p ( -kl., v o , » E i fE.19)) EPSudfT) TAUU[...]... microwave emissivity by corn and soybeans at 1.4 and 5 GHz", IEEE Trans Geosei Remote Sens GE-28: 978-980, 1990 12 DM Chung, VTL Anh, VT Kien et al 'Nghien cuu tich hgp mdy thu tin hieu GPS vdi he phd ke sieu cao tdn vd irng dung thir nghiem vien thdm hdng khdng xdy dung bdn do do dm ddt vung ddng bdng Trung du Bdc bd " De tai cap Vien KHCNVN 20072008, Trung tam thdng tin tu lieu, Vien KHCNVN, 2008 40 ... dugc dimg de xac dinh am dat be mat [1,4,6] Cac he phd ke sieu cao tan dugc cho la thich hgp viec xac dinh am dat 'i tinh dn dinh cao su dung dugc cac trudng hgp gan tren ve tinh may bay, tram... sieu cao tan bang L & C, da hgp tac vdi nhieu co quan nhu Vien Dia ly, Vien Vat Ly thude Vien KHCNVN, Vien KH Khi tugng Thuy 'an 'a Mdi trudng, v.v nghien cim im dit bing cac phd ke sieu cao. .. tryc thang bay phyc vy thi nghiem d cao h ~ 100-150m, bao dam tranh dugc nhieu tap am tir cac ngudn phat sdng tir mat dat va bao dam chinh xac cho phep Sai so vl cao 0.5% khdng gay anh hudng dang