ôn luyện kiens thức kỹ năng làm bài thi hóa học

1 NGUYfeN Htru T H A C - TRAN NGOC THANG - NGUYfeN H O A l NAM ON KIEN THUrc LUYEN Kl NANG LAM BAI • HO A HOC THEO CHUAN K l f N THtfC 7-'»'" I l i ' J VIEM Ti f-'H aiNH IHUA'* teVL M5 3/|(y N H A X U A T B A N D A I H O C SU^ P H A M -14 , LOI NOI DAU Cuon sach "On Men thitc - Luyen Id nang lam bai (Theo chudn kien tMc) - Hod hoc 9" nham giiip cac em hoc sinh lop nam chac kidn thiic va nang cao ki nang giai bai tap Hoa hoc thu6c chuong trlnh Idp 9, d6 c6 chii y nhilu den ki nang lam bai tap trac nghiem N6i dung cuon sach gom phSn: PHANI - ON TAP THEO CHUAN KJEN TfflJC Phan trlnh bay tom tat nhung tdng hop toan bo kien thiic Hoa hoc cua sach giao khoa Idp theo chuong trinh cai each ciia Bo Giao due va Dao tao, nham giiip em hoc sinh on tap nhanh va nam kien thiic sau hon PHAN II - LUYEN KI N A N G THEO CHUAN KIEN THirC A Cau hoi va bai tap G6m nhi^u bai tap trac nghiem va bai tap tu luan, giiip hoc sinh nang cao ki nang van dung kie'n thiic di, giai bai tap, nhat la giai bai tap trac nghiem (each chon dap an diing va nhanh nhat) B Huong dan tra 161 cau lioi va giai bai tap Cac em hoc sinh chi sir dung phan sau da tra loi cac cau hoi va giai cac bai tap b phSn A de' ki^m tra kie'n thiic va ki nang cua minh, tii b6 sung nhung kid'n thiic va ki nang eon thieu PHAN III - Gl6l THIEU M O T SO DE KIEM TRA , ^, I De kiem tra 15 phut II De kiem tra 45 pliiit PHAN IV - Gldl THIEU DE THI HOC SINH GIOI L(3P - MON HOA HOC Hi vong rang cuOn sach se giiip ieh nhi^u cho cac em hoc sinh 6n tap va ren luyen ki nang de chudn bi t6't cho ki ki^m tra cu6'i hoc ki va cu6'i nam Chiing t6i ra't mong nhan dupe nhirng y kie'n dong gop xay dung cua ban doe d^ \in xua't ban sau cu6n sach dupe hoan thien hon Xin tran trpng cam crn! CAC TAC GIA PHANI^ ON T A P THEO CHUAN KIEN THUTC Chirong :;ofi^/±iU Gri'I:; mki (' qUi ilm.- '.K^ :nlrl;' / > - • • ,.,1 • Thi du: FcjO,: Sat(in) oxit Cdch 2: Diing t i l n td mono (la mot), di (la hai), tri (la ba) di chi sd nguyen tit cua mdi nguyen td phan tiJ oxit Thi du: N j O , : Dinita pentaoxit (penta la nam) Cdch 3: Ddi vdi oxit axit cd ten goi la anhidrit ciia axit tu Na^SO, + SO^ t + H^O Cu + 2H2S04d.n - > CuSO, + SO^ t + H O , Tinh chdt hoa hoc cua axit - A x i t l a m d d i m a u quy t i m m a n h , nen dung l a m k h o m6t s6' cha't k h i CaCOj — ^ ^ - Axit khong co oxi: H C l , H j S , HBr A I C I + 3H2O Aip, + 2NaOH2NaA102 > > Dua vao phSn phan tir, axit duac chia hai l o a i : BaSOj + H^O - Tdc dung vdi axit: Tao mu6'i va nirdfc Thi du: 8SO2 t + 2Fe203 Axit Id hap chdt md phdn ti( c6 mot hay nhieu nguyen tie hidro lien kit vdi goc axit, cdc nguyen tit hidro c6 the duac thay the bang cdc nguyen tit kim loai Phan loai Tinh chdt cua oxit laong tinh ^.^5 III AXIT - Tdc dung vdi baza: Tao mu6'i va niidrc Thi du: -10"C S - N h i e u k i m loai hoat ddng tac dung v d i a x i t , tao mud'i va giai phong ^iW^.Thidu: Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl2+H21 Rieng axit nitric H N O , va axit H2S04dac tac dung v d i hSu he't eae k i m loai (trilr platin Pt va vang A u ) , tao mud'i nhimg khong gidi phong H^ - Tac dung v d i baza va o x i t baza, tao mud'i va nirde - Dua vao t m h chat hoa hoc, axit duac phan l o a i : Axit mgnh n h u HCl,HN03,H2S04loang Axit ye'u n h u H2S,H2C03,H2S03 IV MpT SO AXIT QUAN TRONG Axit clohidrie (HCl) - K h i hidro clorua H C l tan nudc tao dung d i c h axit clohidrie - A x i t clohidrie ed nhimg tinh cha't chung ciia axit: L a m ddi mau quy t i m Tac dung v d i : k i m loai, baza, oxit baza va m u d i , tao m u d i clorua Axitsunfuric ( H j S O J " " - La chat long sanh, kh6ng mau, nang hon nuorc, tan nhieu nudrc va toa nhiSt - Axit sunfuric lodng: Co tinh chat gi6'ng axit clohidric - Axit sunfuric dqc: Co nhOtig tinh chat hoa hoc rifing: + Tac dung voi kim loai: Axit H S O dac, nong tac dung vdi ta't ca cac kim loai (trii platin Pt va vang Au) tao mudi sunfat va khong gidi phong H2 + Tinh hdo nuac: Hiit nu6c ra't manh nen dung lam khd im, lam khan cac mudi hidrat Gay hien tucfng than hoa cac hop chat hiru cor Thi du: Axit H S O dac biS'n dudng than: C12H22Q.1 San xudt axit sunfuric ) I C + IIH2O - Trong cdng nghiSp, axit sunfuric dupe san xua't bang phuong phap tiep xiic tir nguyen lieu la luu huynh (S) hay quang pirit (FeS2) - Cac cdng doqn san xudt: + San xua't SO2: Ddt S hoac quang pirit: S + '° > SO^ Hoac 4FeS2 +1 lOj ^ 2Fe203 + SSO^ t + San xua't SO3: S O + O2 y > 2SO3 + San xua't axit sunfuric: SO3 + H2O H S O 4 Nhqn biet axit sunfuric v a muoi sunfat - Dung thudc thu la mudi bari (BaCl2 hay Ba(N03)2), nhan bie't axit H S O va mudi sunfat bang ke't tua BaS04 mau trdng Na2S0, + BaCl2 -> BaSO, i + 2NaCl - Phan biet axit H S O va muoi sunfat bang quy tim (chi c6 axit la quy tim) V BAZO Baza la hap chat ma phdn ti( c6 mot nguyen tie kim loai lien kei vdi mot hoac nhieu nhom hidroxit (-OH) Phan loqi Dua vao tinh tan mdc cm bazo, chia hai loai: - Baza tan duac nude (gpi la bazokiem): NaOH,Ba(OH)2 - Baza khong tan nude (gpi la bazp khdng tan): Cu(0H)2, Fe(OH)3 Ten gpi Ten bazo = Ten kim loai (hoa tri) + hidroxit Thidu: Fe(OH)3: Sat(III) hidroxit , H'iUr^' , Tinh chdt hoa hoc c u a bazo lam quy tim chuyen xanh, phenolphtalein khdng mau chuy^n mau - Tac dung vdi axit - Phan ling trung hoa: ,^ - BazP Cu(OH)2 + H S O , ^ CUSO4 + H O - Dung dich bazo tac dung vdi oxit axit, tao mudi va nude - Dung dich bazo tac dung vdi dung dich mudi, tao mudi mdi va b a z P m d i Thi du: Ba(0H)2 + NajSO^ -> BaSO, i + 2NaOH - BazP khdng tan b i nhiet phan tao oxit bazo v a nude Thi du: 2Fe(OH)3 ^ ^ F e + 3H2O VI IVIOT SO BAZO QUAN TRONG Natrl hidroxit (NaOH) - La cha't ran khdng mau, hiit am manh, tan nhieu nude, an mdn da (do vay cd ten la xiit an da) - Cd My dii tinh cha't ciia bazo ki^m: Lam xanh quy tim, tac dung vdi a x i t , oxit axit tao mudi va nude Tac dung vdi mdt sd dung dich mudi, tao mudi mdi va b a z a mdi Thi du: -th h •^•mi m ««t)J> o f j J 3NaOH + F e C l - > Fe(0H)3 ^ + N a C l - San xuat NaOH: Dien phan dung dich NaCl bao hoa cd mang ngan: 2NaCl + H ^ ! = _ > N a O H + CI2 t + H2 t Canxi hidroxit (Ca(OH)2) - La chat ran mau trang, it tan nude Dung dich bdo hod Ca(0H)2 nude goi Id nicdc voi - Canxi hidroxit cd day du nhung tinh cha't ehung cua mdt baza Thang pH Di bidu thi dd axit hoac dp baza ciia dung dich ngudi ta dung thang pH - Nude ca't (nude tinh khiet) va cac dung djch trung tinh cd pH = - Dung dich baza cd pH > 7: pH cang Idn, luc baza cang manh - Dung dich axit cd pH < 7: pH cang nhd, luc axit cang manh VIII P H A N Q N G T R A O VII M U O l Mndi la hop chat ma phdn tu: gom mot hay nhieu nguyen tvc kim loai kit v&i mot hay nhieu goc lien Ojnh nghla axit Phan ung trao d d i la phan ling hoa hoc, hai cha't tham gia phan iJng trao ddi phan vdi d^ tao nhung hop chat mdri Thi Phdnloqi tiling hod: Trong g6'c axit kh6ng c6 nguydn i\x hidro c6 t h ^ thay Oieu kien de xay phan tmg trao ddi the' bang nguyen tir k i m loai Thi du: K^SO^, Na^CO,, FeCl^ - Muoi axit: nguyen tijf k i m loai Phan ling trao doi dung dich xay k h i san ph^m tao c6 chd't Trong g6'c axit nguyfin i\x hidro c6 t h ^ thay the bang r/jiJM.- Na2HP04, K H S O , , CaCHCOj)^ dibay hoi hogc chdt khong tan (tao ke't tiia) IX PHAN BON HOA Ten gpi c u a muoi r / H JM.-Fe^CSOJj: Sat(III) sunfat nguyen t6' tren - Tac dung v d i k i m loai: Tao mu6'i m6\a k i m loai m6\ Thi du: Z n ( N O , \ A g 4^ du: du: don iCa(H^PO^\ CaSO,), supephotphat kep Na^CO, + Ca(0H)2 ^ CaCO, i + N a O H -Phdn du: - Phan ung phan huy: N h i ^ u mu6'i bi phan huy b nhiet d6 cao Thi (CaiU^PO,)^) kali: KC1,K2S04 Phan bon kep BaSO, i + N a C l ' Phan bon kep chiia hai hoac ca ba nguyen t6' dinh duang 1^ N , P, K du: 2CuO + 4NO2 t + O2 t CaO + CO2 (NH^NO,), - Phdn Idn (chiia photpho): Photphat t u nhien (Ca3(P04)2), supephotphat - Tac dung v d i baza: Tao mu6'i m d i va bazo m d i Thi 2Cu(N03)2 — ^ dam (chiia nita): Ure ( C O ( N H ) ) , amoni nitrat amoni sunfat ( ( N H J ^ S O ^ ) AgCl i + HNO3 BaCl^ + Na^SO, ^ to: n i t a (N), photpho (P), kali ( K ) hoac chiia d6ng thcri ba Phan bon dan chi chira nguyen to d i n h duang chi'nh la: dam (N), lan (P), hoac k a l i ( K ) -v-Vi n ' r^t - Phdn - Tac dung v d i axit: Tao mu6'i m d i va axit m d i Thi - Tac dung v d i mud'i: Tao hai mu6'i m d i Thi mot Phan bon don Tinh chdt hoa hoc A g N O , + HCl cdc nguyen phdn co chifa N h u n g phan bon hoa hoc thucmg diing la phan bon dan va phan bon kep CaCHCOj)^: Canxi hidrocacbonat CaCOj — ^ HOC Phdn bon hod hoc Id nhifng muoi vd ca, Ten mu6'i = ten k i m loai (hoa tri) + ten g6'c axit Zn + 2AgN03 du: Ba(N03 \ Na^CO, - » BaCO, i + N a N Dira vao phan phan i\x, mu6'i duoc chia hai loai: - Muoi 061 t TTnh tan - TSit ca cac mu6'i nitrat d^u tan - Cac mu6'i clorua thucmg gap d i u de tan, trCr A g C l , PbGl2 - Trong s6 cac mu6'i cacbonat, chi c6 mu6'i cacbonat cua k i m loai k i e m tan nu6c Cac mu6'i cacbonat axit (hidrocacbonat) d^u de tan Thi du: Phan N P K (chiia ba nguyen t6' dinh dirong), phan amophot la h6n hop cac m u o i N H ^ H ^ P O , va ( N H J ^ H P O , (chiia N v a P ) Phan vi iupng Chiia luang rat nho cac nguyen t6' hoa hoc dudi dang hgfp cha't Tac dung v6i dung djch kiem Chirong Nh6m va kem la hai k i m loai hoat d6ng va hidroxit cua chung c6 tinh ludng tinh, c6 th^ tac dung vdri dung dich ki^m Thi du: KIM LOAI • 2A1 + 2KOH + 2H2O ^ I TINH CHAT VAT LI - Tinh cha't vat If dac tnmg nha't cua kim loai la: deo, dSn di6n, dfin nhiet tot (Ag dan dien t6t nha't roi den Cu, A l , Fe ), c6 anh kim - dieu kien thudng, kim loai t6n tai d trang thai ran (tinh the), trCr Hg cf trang thai long - Nhiet nong chay rat khac nhau: t'^^(Hg) = -30"C, t",(W) = 3410"C D6 cung cua kim loai cung rat khac - Ngu6i ta phan bi6t: kim loai den (Fe, M n , Cr) va kim loai mdu (g6m cac kim loai lai) II TINH CHAT HOA HOC ; Kim loqi mqnh day kim logi yeu khoi hop chdt - Day khoi dung dich muoi Thi du: Zn + CuSO^ ZnSO^ + Cu 4^ - - Day khoi oxit d nhiet cao (phan ung nhiet kim loai): Phan ling xay b nhiet d6 cao va toa nhilu nhiet, lam nong chay cac k i m loai Thi du: 2A1 + Fe^O, AI2O3 + 2Fe Phan ling thudng duoc diing de di^u che' cac kim loai kho nong chay K Oxi Oxit kim loai K i m loai + \o -> Muoi clorua [Luai huynh -> Mu6'i sunfua Mg Al Zn Fe Pb H Cu Ag Au Day hoat d6ng hoa hoc ciia m6t so kim loai giam dan - Tijr trai sang phai, d6 hoat d6ng cua kim loai giam dSn Chi CO kim loai kiem va kiem tho phan ung vdfi tao hop cha't hidrua kim loai kh6ng ben, d6 bi thuy phan Thi du: ^ 2NaH (natri hidrua) NaH + H - > N a O H + H2 t ' - Chi nhung kim loai dung trudc H moi day dugfc H j khoi dung dich axit - M6t s(5 k i m loai dung dSu day nhu K, Na tac dung duoc vdfi HjO, giai phong H2 - K i m loai dung trudc (trir K va Na) day dugfc kim loai dung sau khoi dung dich mu6'i III NHOM Tac dung v6i nude - O nhiet thudng: K i m loai ki^m va ki^m th6 phan ung vdi H j O , Ca + 2Y{f> Na Trong day nay: Tac dung v6i hidro Thi du: ^ Day hoqt dong hoa hoc c u a mot so kim loqi Tac dung v6l phi kim 2Na + 2KAIO2 + 3H2t Ca(0H)2 +0^1 - U nhiet cao: Nhung kim loai dung trudrc hidro day hoat dong hoa hoc phan ung vdi Thi du: Fe + H j O — ^ F e O + H j t Tac dung v6i axit - Tac dung vai axit thudng: Nhung kim loai dung tru6c hidro phan ung voi axit, tao mu6'i va gidi phong H2^ - Tac dung vdi axit nitric HNO3 vd axit sunfuric H^O^ ddc, nong: HSu he't cac kim loai phan ung (trir vang Au va platin Pt), khong gidi phong Hj Thi du: Cu + 2H2SO4 (dac) ^ CUSO4 + S t + 2H2O Zn + 4HNO3 (dac) -> Zn(N03)2 + S N O j t + 2H2O Tinh chdt vqt li - Nhom la kim loai nhe, trdng nhu bac, t", = 660° C - Nh6m rat deo, din dien, dSn nhiet tot De tao hop kim v6i cac kim loai khac Tinh chdt hoa hoc Nh6m CO diy du nhung tmh cha't cua kim loai (da neu tren) Dac biet chii S la: Nhom bi thu dong hoa axit HNO3 ddc, ngugi vd axit H2SO4 ddc, ngugi - Tac dung vai phi kim: 4Al + 30^ '° )2Al203 2A1 + S — ^ A l j S j 2AI + 3CI2-^2A1C13 - Tdc dung vcfi H^O: loai bo lop A l j O , bao vS, A l tac dung vdi H2O: 2A1 + 6H2O ^ 2Al(OH)3 + Thidu: t - Tdc dung vcfi axit: Tac dung vdi axit thucmg, tao mud'i sat(n) Thi du: Fe + H J SO, ^ FeSO, + H2 T - Tdc dung vdi axit: V d i axit thucmg va HNO3 loang, nhdm phan ting manh 2A1 + 3H2SO, ^ A1,(S0,)3 + 8A1 + 3OHNO3 (loang) -> SAICNO,), + 3N2O +1 SH^O - Tdc dnng vcd dung dich kiem, tao thdnh muoi aluminat: 2A1 + 2NaOH + ZH^O ^ 2NaA102 + 3H2 T Tac dung vdi axit HNO3, H2SO4 dac, nong, tao mud'i sat(m) Thi du: Fe + 4HNO3 (loang) ^ Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O sat kh6ng tac dung (bi thu dong hoa) vdi axit HNO3 dac, ngudi va axit H2SO4 dac, ngu6i - Tdc dung vdi muoi: cua nhOng kim loai kem hogt dgng hem Thi du: - Phdn i(ng day kim logi yeu khoi hap chat - Phdn iCng nhiet nhdm: Fe, + CuSO, -> FeSO, +C\ii 2Al + 3CuSO, -> A l j (SO, \ 3Cu A l + 3Fe30, Al^O, + 9Fe San xudt n h d m Dien phan h6n hop nong chay cua AljOj va criolit: 2A1,03 "P"" >4Al + 30, T G a n g Gang la hap kim cua sat va cacbon ( - % ) va mot so nguyen to khdc nhu Si, Mn,S Gang cung va gion hon sat Gang CO hai loai: Gang trdng dting d^ luyen thep Gang xam dung 6i due be may IV SAT TTnh c h d t v g t li - sat m kim loai mau trang bac, = 1539°C Sat c6 tinh deo, dan difin, dan nhiet t6't - Sat CO tinh nhi§m tiir va khijf tijf nfin duoc diing ddng co difin, may phat di6n va nam cham dien Tinh chdt h o a hoc Khac vdi nhieu k i m loai khac, sat the' hien hai dang hoa tri: hda tri I I va hoa tri I E (tuy thudc vao di^u kien phan ling) - Tdc dung vdi oxi: Tao oxit sat tilt: 3Fe + 2O2 — ^ FCjO, (FeCFe^O,) Thidu: V HOP KIM CUA SAT - Tdc dung vai phi kim: Sat tac dung vdi hSu he't cac phi kim, tao mu6i 2Fe + C l , — ^ F e a - Tdc dung vai nude: CJ nhiet d6 thudmg: Xay cham, tao Fe(OH)2 r6i chuye'n FeO nhiet dd cao (sat ndng do): Fe + H , 3Fe + 4H,Q >FeO + H , t )Fe30, + AE.^ t Thep Thep la hap kim cua sat va cacbon (< % ) va mdt sd'nguyen td'khdc nhu Si, Mn, S Thep CO nhi6u tinh ch& vat If quy hon sat nhu tinh dan h6i, ciing, it bi an mon VI SU AN MON KIM LOAI VA BAO VE KIM LOAI KHONG BJ AN MON Suphd huy kim logi, hap kim tdc dung hod hoc moi trUdng ggi Id sudn mon kim logi NhQng y e u t o anh hudng den sa a n mon k i m loqi - Anh hucmg cua cac chat cd m6i tnrcfng - Anh hucmg ciia phSn k i m loai - Anh hucmg cua nhiet dd ' Bao v $ kim loqi khong bj a n m o n - Ngan khdng cho kim loai tie'p xuc vdi mdi trudng: son, trang men, bdi dSuma, ma dien ! - Che' tao hop k i m ft bi an mon: thep khdng gi (inox), thep crom Them chftiJcche'anmon Chirong - Tdc dung vai HjO - Tinh tdy mau cua clo: PHI KIM - SO L J O C VE BANG TUAN HOAN C A C NGUYEN TO HOA I TINH CHAT CUA PHI KIM C I , + H - > H C i + HC10 HOC ' • '' t H6n hop gom CI2, HCl, HCIO tan nu6c goi la nitdc clo Nu6c clo c6 tinh tdy mau la HCIO khong ben, bi ehieu sang no phan huy: HClO^^HCl + Tinh chdtvqtiT ' Oxi nguyen tu c6 tinh oxi hoa ra't manh, no t^y mau, diet trung - C5 dieii kien thucfng, phi kim t6n tai ba trang thai: - Tdc dung vai baza: + Trang thai ran: Cacbon, liru huynh, iot, photpho + Clo tac dung voi dung dich NaOH lodng va ngugi, tao nudre Gia-ven: + Trang thai long: Brom (Brj) Clj + 2NaOH -> NaCl + NaClO + H^Q + Trang thai khi: Clo (CI2), nito (N2), oxi (O2), hidro (H2) (NuiJc Gia-ven) - Phi kim dan dien, dSn nhiet ra't kem Nhiet d6 nong chay tha'p + K h i clo tac dung vdi dung dich bazo dac, nong, tao mud'i clorat: Tinh chdt hoa hoc 3CI2 + K H —5% KCIO3 + 5KC1 + - Tdc dung vcfi kim loai: Tao mu6'i Thi du: - Day brom, iot khoi muoi: Fe + S—5%FeS - Tdc dung vai kim oxi: Tao oxit axit Thi du: C l + K B r ^ K C l + Br2 Oleucheclo a) Dieu che'clo phong thi nghiem S + O2—^^SOj - Tdc dung vai hidro: Tao hop chat Thi du: CI2+H2 ^ H C Diing chat oxi hoa manh nhu Mn02, KMn04 d^ oxi hoa dung dich H Q dac Thidu: 4HC1 + MnO, — ^ MnCl, + H , + CI, t - Miic hoqt dong cua phi kim: Th^ hien miic d6 phan ling vdi hidro va voi k i m loai Flo la phi kim hoat ddng manh nha't, sau la oxi, clo, liru huynh •' 16Ha + K M n , — ^ K C I + 2MnCl2 + SH^O + SCI, T b) Dieu che clo cong nghiep * Dien phan dung dich NaCl bao hoa c6 mang ngan x6'p d^ ngan each cue am (catot) va cue duong (anot): II CLO Tinhchdtvqtli 2NaCl + H , - Clo la cha't mau vang luc, nang hon khdng - Clo It tan nude Dung dich clo tan nu6c goi la nude clo - Q o la chat rat d6c, thd nhi^u clo se bi ngat va c6 thd dan deh tCr vong Tinh chdt hoa hoc - Clo phan ihig vai hdu het kim loai: Tao muoi clorua Thi du: 3Cl2+2Fe—5^2FeCl3 -TdcdiingvaiZ/^; mp + -^2HC1 ChA y: Clo kh6ng phan ving true tie'p vdi oxi CI, T + H, T + 2NaOH III CACBON C a c dqng thu hinh cua cacbon Hien tucfng m6t nguyen t6' hoa hoe ton tai cf m6t s6' dang don chat khae goi la hien tuang thii hinh Cdc dang dan chdt khdc cua cung mot nguyen to hod hoc goi Id cdc dang thii hinh ciia nguyen to Nguyen t6 cacbon (C) t6n tai or ba dang don cha't (ba dang thu hinh) chinh la kim cuang, than chi va cacbon v6 dinh hinh a) Kim cUffng: Ca'u tao mang tinh the dac biet: M6i nguyfin tir C each deu nguyen tir C khac Kim cucfng rat cimg, nhimg don, su6't, kh6ng mau, sang la'p lanh b) Than chi: Mau xam sam, mem, dSn dien t6't Dugc dung lam ru6t but chi, lam diSn cue c) Cacbon vd dinh hinh: Than g6, than da, than xuong, m6 hong: mau den, x6'p, c6 tinh ha'p phu nen dung mat na ch6'ng doc - Dieu chekhi CO2: CaCO, + 2HC1 -> CaCIj +CO^"[ + H^O V AXIT CACBONIC VA MUOl CACBONAT Axit c a c b o n i c (H2CO3) - Axit H2CO3 la axit khong ben, dl bi phan h6y: H j C O , ^ H j O + COj Tinh chdt vqt li - Cac dang thii hinh cua cacbon d^u ra't kho nong chay, kh6ng tan nu6c nhung tan nhi6u kim loal nOng chay - Than g6, than xuong c6 tinh chdt hap phu mau dung dich - Tdc dung vai oxi: C + — ^ CO, Cacbon tac dung vdi m6t s6' kim loai Thi dii: Ca + 2C >CaC; (canxi cacbua) - Tdc dung vai oxit kim logi Cacbon khii duoc nhi^u oxit kim loai Thi dii: 2CuO + C — ^ C u + CO2 T - Tdc dung voi hidro Tao metan: C + 2H, >CH, - Tdc dung voi kim logi IV C A C OXIT CUA CACBON C a c b o n oxit (CO) - CO la chat khfing mau, kh6ng mui, ra't d6c - Khi CO chay cho ngon lia mau xanh, toa nhieu nhiet: 2CO + O2 — ^ C + 565kJ - Khi CO khur dugtc nhi^u oxit kim loai Thi du: Fe^O, + 3CO — ^ 2Fe + 3C0^ t - Khi CO la oxit trung tinh (oxit kh6ng tao mu6'i) C a c b o n dioxit (COj) - La chat khdng mau, nang hon khOng - Khi CO2 la oxit axit: Tac dung vdi nude, tac dung vdi bazo va tac dung vdri oxit bazcr ' '' t - La axit yS'u nen nhigu axit day dugc axit HjCO, khoi mu6'i cacbonat Thidu: CaCO, + 2HC1 -> CaClj + H^COj H2O Tinh chdt hoa hoc nhiet thucmg, cacbon kha tro Khi d6't nong no phan img vdi nhi^u cha't • f Cho da v6i (CaCO,) tac dung vdi axit HCl: CO, iVfv, H6n hop amino axit - Su dong tu: K h i dun nong, protein dong tu lai cue Thi du: Long trang trung hay rieu cua bi dun nong chiing d6ng tu lai - Suphdn huy nhiet: DO't nong protein (thi du d6't chay toe, I6ng ga) no bi phan hiiy, tao nhimg cha't c6 mui khet + Tff hod hgc: San xua't bang cac phuong phap hoa hgc To hoa hgc gdm loai: to nhan tao va to tdng hgp Tc/ nhdn tgo (con ggi la to ban tdng hgp) duge san xua't tfr cac pohnie thien nhien bang phugng phap ehe' bie'n hoa hgc Thi du mdt s6' to duge che bien hoa hgc tiit xenlulozo nhu to visco, tg axetat T(/ tSng hap duge san xua't tir cac polime tdng hgp nhu to nilon, to capron, lentdnghgp c) Cao su Cao su la polime (tu nhidn hoac t6ng hop) c6 tinh dan hoi, nghia la c6 khd ndng bien dgng chin tdc dgng ben ngodi (nen hay keo) vd Igi trd Igi dgng ban dan thoi tdc dgng P H A N II LUYEN Cao su dugc phan hai loai: cao su thien nhi6n va cao su t6ng hop + Cao su thien nhien la polime c6 cOng thiic - f C^^\, K I N A N G THEO CHUAN A C A U HOI V A BAI TAP duoc la'y t i i mu (nhua) cay cao su Chirongl + Cao su tong hop duoc san xua't tijr polime t6ng hop nhu cao su buna (tdng hop tir ruou etylic) De tang ti'nh dan hoi va nhung tinh nSng quy khac, ngucfi ta ch6' hoa cao su vdi luu huynh de duoc cao su htu hod Cao su CO nhi^u tinh chat quy nhu dan h6i, khOng tha'm nude, khdng tha'm khi, each, difin, chiu mai mon ntn duoc diing n h i l u dofi sO'ng va c6ng nghiep KIEIM THUTC C A C LOAI HOP C H A T V C O I T R A C N G H I E M K H A C H Q U A N 1.1 Thanh p h & % cua oxi hop cha't nao sau day la \6n nh^t? A NaOH B B CuO D CaCOj H2SO4 1.2 Ne'u dung dung dich K O H lam thuO'c thir thi phan biet dugc dung dich mu6'i nao cac cap sau? A KCl va Ba(N03)2 B C a C l va K2SO4 C NaCl va Zn(N03)2 D FeCl, va Na2S04 1.3 Phan tir kh6'i cua hop chat X la 80 va phdn % v l khO'i lucmg cac nguyen t6' hop chat X la: 40% S, 60% O (oxi) C6ng thiic phan tu cua hop cha't X la A SO2 B S2O3 C S O D S3O2 1.4 Cho phuong trinh hoa hoc: Fe + X - > F e C l j + H t Xla A HCl B CI2 C.BaCl2 D KCl 1.5 NaOH la m6t bazo k i ^ m Dung djch NaOH c6 A p H = B.pH>7 C pH < D pH = 1.6 Tir cac chaft: Fe, FeS, CaCO,, HCl, K C I O c6 th^ di^u che' dugc cac chat khi: A SO2, H2S, O2, CI2 B C O , H2, H2S, - C C O , SO2, O2, CI2 D SO2, H2S, C O , H2 1.7 phan biet hai dung dich H2SO4 va NaOH c6 thi dung thuO'c thu la A giay quy tim B dung dich KCl C dung dich KNO3 D dung djch K2SO4 ; • 1.8 K h i luu huynh dioxit dugc tao tijr cap chat nao sau day? A NaCl va H2SO4 dac B Na2S04 va HCl C Na2S03 va H Q D CaS04 va HNO3 1.16 Co ba mu6'i la BaClj, CUSO4, BaCOj dung ba lo bi mat nhan Chi dung m6t thuoc thijr nhat de nhan bie't ba muoi tr6n la dung dich A NaOH B.NaCl C K2SO4 D HCl - 1.17 Cho chu6i bien hoa sau: ' ' > li^» 1.9 Day gom cac chat lam due nude v6i la Cu(0H)2 — ^ A - > B - > CuSO, ^ ^ C u ( H ) A SO2, N2, CO2, CO B SO2, CO2, SO3 Cac chat A, B, C Mn lugt la C NO2, CO, SO2, CO2 D NO2, H2, CO2 A CuO, Cu, NaOH B Cu, CuO, Na2S04 C CuO, CUCI2, NaOH D CuO, Cu, H2O 1.10 Dan tur tir 0,448 lit CO2 (d dkic) vao dung dich chiia 150ml dung dich Ca(0H)2 0,1M Mu6'i thu duoc la A CaCOj B Ca(HC03)2 C CaC03 va Ca(HC03)2 D Ca A , B, C d6u diing 1.11 hoa tan hoan toan gam m6t oxit cua kim loai hoa tri U, dn 98 gam dung dich H2SO4 5% A CuO B ZnO C MgO D CaO 1.12 Oxit tac dung vdi dung dich axit H2SO4 loang, tao h6n hop hai muoi la A AI2O3 B FeO C ZnO D Fe304 1.13 Oxit CO tinh chat luomg ti'nh la A CuO B AI2O3 C Fe203 D CaO 1.14 Cho phuofng trinh hoa hoc + X ^ BaS04 i + + Y t Cha't X va Y Idn lugt la: A BavaC02 ' 1.18 Axit sunfuric dac c6 ti'nh hao nude Co the dung no lam kh6 nao sau day? A K h i amoniac (NH3) B K h i d o (CI2) C K h i caebonic (COj) D Ca B va C 1.19 Trung hoa 200ml dung dich H2SO4 0,1M bang dung djch NaOH 10% Cong thitc phan tit cua oxit la H2SO4 ' B BaC03 va H j C BaCO, va CO2 D Ba(OH)2 va H2 1.15 Co ba hop cha't la CuO, Na2C03 va CaCO, dung ba lo bi m^t nhan Chi cSn dung m6t thud'c thii nha't di phan biet ba cha't trSn la dung dich Kh6'i lugng dung dich NaOH cAn dung la A 12 gam B 18 gam ' C 16 gam D 14 gam j ,^ , 1.20 Nhung oxit eo th^ di6u che' dugc tCr phan ling phan huy la A CuO, FeO, NajO B CuO, Fe203, MgO C K2O, ZnO, AI2O3 D NajO, CuO, FeO ^ ,^ •j ? > ' 1.21 Day hop chat gom cac chat tham gia phan ung nhiet phan la A NaOH, Fe(0H)2, Ca(0H)2 B Mg(OH)2, FeCOH),, K O H C Cu(OH)2, Mg(0H)2, Zn(0H)2 D Ba(OH)2, K O H , Cu(0H)2 1.22 Hoa tan 25 gam cha't X vao 100 gam HjO, dugc dung dich c6 kh6'i lugng rieng D = 1,143 gam/ml Nong phSn tram (C%) va the tich dung dich thu dugc la ^ A 20% va 109,36 m l B 10% va 109,4 m l •; C % va 120,62 m l D 18% va 109,36 m l 1.23 De dieu che Cu(0H)2 ngucfi ta dung cac hoa chat: A HCl B H2SO4 A Cu, HCl, NaOH B CuO, HCl, NaOH C.NaOH D.NaCl C Cu, H2SO4 (d.n), K O H D Ca B va C deu dugc ~? ; 1.24 TrSn dung djch chiia 0,2 mol CuClj vdi dung dich chiia 20 gam NaOH Khd'i lucfng ket tua thu duoc la (biet hieu suat phan ling la 80%) A 19,6 gam B 17,20 gam C 15,68 gam D 14,84 gam 1.25 Cho lucmg du NaOH vao dung dich h6n hop hai mu6'i FeClj va AlCl, d6'n phan ling hoan toan Loc la'y kS't tua, nung ngoai kh6ng de'n khd'i lircmg kh6ng doi, thu duoc A FeO, AI2O3 B FcjOj, AI2O3 C Fe304, AI2O3 D Fe203, A l 1.26 Nhiet phan hidroxit ciia kim loai X, thu duoc oxit c6 cOng thiic phan tit X2O3, %X = 52,94% Cong thiic phan tu cua hidroxit la II BAI TAP TU LUAN 1.32 Khu hoan toan 32 gam mdt oxit sat chua rd cdng thiic bang CO du d nhifet cao Sau phan ling kdt thilc, khdi lirong cha't ran cdn lai 22,4 gam a) Xac dinh cdng thiic hoa hoc cua oxit sat b) Chat sinh duoc dSn vao dung djch nude vdi du Hay tinh khdi lugng kdt tua sinh 1.33 Hai la kem cd khdi luong nhu nhau, mdt la ngam dung dich Cu(N03)2, mdt la ngam dung djch Pb(N03)2 Sau mdt thdi gian phan ling nhu nhau, lay hai la kem khdi dung dich, can la kem thii nhat thay khdi luong giam 0,65 gam A Fe(0H)3 B A1(0H)3 a) Vidt cac phuong trinh hoa hoc C Cr(OH)3 D Mn(0H)3 b) Hay cho biet khdi luong la kem thii hai tang hay giam bao nhiSu gam? 1.27 Cap dung dich nao sau day phan ung vdi tao hop cha't mdi? A NaCl va H2SO4 B BaCl2 va HNO3 C CaCl2 va K2SO4 D KNO3 va NaOH 1.28 Dung dich mud'i Cu(N03)2 c6 iSn lirgng rat nho mudi AgN03 De loai bo AgN03, thu mudi Cu(N03)2 tinh khie't cSn dung bot kim loai A bac B nhdm C sat D ddng 1.29 Cho 5,6 gam mdt oxit kim loai X tac dung vira du vdi axit HCl, thu duoc 11,1 gam mudi clorua cua kim loai X Kim loai X la A natri B canxi C ddng D magie 1.30 Nhiet phan hoan toan 10 gam canxi cacbonat, thu duoc chat ran A Cho A vao nude va khua'y cho tan het, thu duoc 800 ml dung dich X Ndng dd mol cua dung dich X 1& A 0,125M B 1,25M C 0,10M D 1,32M 1.31 Sue CO2 vao 80 gam dung dich NaOH 25%, tao thknh hdn hop mudi axit va mudi trung hoa theo ti 16 sd mol la : Th^ tich CO2 (d dktc) cdn dung la A lit B 6,9 lit C 6,5.lit D 8,2 Jit 1.34 Ngam 16,6 gam hdn hop bot hai kim loai A l va Fe dung dich HCl du Phan ling xong, thu duoc 11,2 lit H2 (dktc) , a) Viet cac phuong trinh hoa hoc a/ b) Tinh khdi lugng mdi kim loai hdn hop dau c) Bang phuong phap hoa hoc nao cd the lay rieng Fe khdi hdn hop? 1.35 Mdt dung djch hoa tan 3,25 gam sat clorua tac dung vdi dung dich bac nitrat du, sinh 8,61 gam ket tua Hay tim cdng thiic phan tir cua mudi sat da dung 1.36 Khir hoan toan 16 gam oxit sat bang CO d nhiet dd cao Sau phan ling kdt thiic, khdi lugng cha't ran giam 4,8 gam a) Tim cdng thiic phan tir cua oxit sat ^.^^^^^ b) Chat sinh dugc dan vao binh dung dung dich NaOH du Hay cho biet khdi lugng cua binh tang hay giam bao nhieu gam? c) Tinh Xhi tich CO (dktc) can diing cho phan ling khii het oxit sat ndi tren, biet rang phai dung du CO tdi 10% 1.37 Ngam mdt la nhdm (da danh sach Idp oxit) 250 ml dung dich AgN03 0,24M Sau mdt thdi gian phan ling, lay la nhdm ra, rCra sach, lam kho, can lai thay khdi lugng la nhdm tang them 2,79 gam a) Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc b) Tinh khdi lugng nhdm da phan ling va lugng bac sinh c) Tinh ndng dd mol cua cac cha't dung dich sau phan ling (the tich dung dich thay ddi khdng dang ki) 1.38 Di xac djnh pMn cua FcjO, quang hematit, ngu6i ta lam thf nghifim nhu sau: Cho lu6ng khf CO du di qua 10 gam b6t quang nong Phan iJng xong, la'y chat ran lai dem hoa tan dung dich axit H2SO4 loang, thu duac 2,24 lit khf (dktc) a) Giai thich each lam va viet phuomg trinh hoa hoc b) Ti'nh phSn phSn tram theo kh6'i lugng cua FcjO, quang c) Can bao nhifiu ta'n quang noi tren de san xua't duoc ta'n gang chua 96% sat? 1.39 Cho 10 gam b6t h6n hop cac kim loai g6m Al, Mg va Cu vao dung dich HCl du Phan ling ket thiic, thu dugc 10,08 lit (dktc) va gam chat ran kh6ng tan a) Viet cac phuofng trinh hoa hoc b) Tinh phan phan tram theo kh6'i lugng m6i kim loai c6 h6n hgp 1.40 Co la nho kim loai la Cu, Zn va Fe M6i la c6 kh6'i Iirgng m gam Ngam rieng m6i la kim loai vao mot coc dung dung dich C U S O du Sau mot thcri gian la'y cac la kim loai ra, rira nhe, lam kho va can lai - Hay cho biet khoi lugng cac la kim loai thay ddi the nao? Giai thich va viet cac phuong trinh hoa hoc - Nd'u ngam m6i la kim loai tren c6'c nho dung dung dich AgNO, du, sau tiep tuc lam nhu tren Hay cho biet khdi lugng cac la kim loai thay ddi the' nao? Giai thich va viet cac phuong trinh hoa hoc 1.41 Khdi lugng ciia lit A (dktc) la 7,59 gam Dot 3,4 gam A, thu dugc 2,24 lit luu huynh dioxit (dktc) va 1,8 gam nude a) Tim cdng thiic hoa hgc cua A b) Vie't cac phuong trinh hoa hgc c) Ti'nh the tich oxi (dktc) cSn thiet de dot chay hoan toan lit A Chirong KIM LOAI ( / I T R A C NGHIEM KHACH Q U A N 2.1 Day gdm cac kim loai dugc xep theo chilu tinh hoat ddng hoa hgc tang dAn: A Na, Zn, K, Pb, Cu B Cu, Pb, K, Na, Zn C Cu, Pb, Zn, Na, K D Cu, Na, Pb, Zn, K 2.2 Day gdm nhirng kim loai deu khdng phan ling vdi dung dich axit H2SO4 loang la A Fe, Cu, Al B Cu, Ag, Au C Ag, Zn, Al C Fe, Au, Zn 2.3 Cho phuong trinh hoa hgc: Al + X ^ C u i + Y X va Y lin lugt la A C U S O va Al2(S04)3 B AlCl, va C U S O C C U S O va A I S O D Al2(S04)3 va C U S O 2.4 Kim loai nao sau day khdng bi oxi hoa khdng d nhiet dd thudng? A sat B Nhdm , C Magic D Bac b- .-, , -.i\ 2.5 cap chat nao sau day xay phan ling hoa hgc? , ; S: A bac va dung dich C U S O B sat va dung dich ZnClj ; kemchudi va dung D ddng va dung dich HCl 2.6.C.Cho biendich hoa VtCl^ sau: Al ^> AlCl,-> X Y ^ AI2 ( S O ) , ori:) MS Cac cha't X va Y Ian luot la A.Al203vaAl B A1(0H)3 va AI2O3 A^r C A1(N03)3 va AI2O3 D AI2O3 va A1(0H)3 2.7 Hai kim loai khdng tac dung vdi axit H2SO4 dac, ngudi la A AlvaFe B Cu va Fe C AlvaZn D AlvaCu 2.8 Co ba cha't d dang bdt la AI2O3, Al va Fe dung ba Ig bi ma't nhan Thudc thijr de' phan biet ba chat trdn tren la ^^ A kim loai Cu B dung djch NaOH du C dung dich HCl D dung djch H2SO4 dac 2.9 Cap chat nib sau day khong t6n tai dung dich? A NaOH va K2CO3 B KOH va CUSO4 C CaCO, va HCl D Ca B va C / 2.10 Co cac kirn loai: Ba, Cu, Fe, Al va Na Nhung kirn loai tac dung dugc vdri nude cho bay len la A Ba, CuvaAl C Al, Na va Ba B Ba, Al va Fe D Na, Cu va Fe 2.11 Phan ling glua Zn va PbS04 kh6ng xay dugc vi A Zn hoat dong kem Pb B PbS04 la mu6'i khdng tan nudrc C ZnS04 la mu6'i khong tan nude D Zn tac dung vdi nude 2.12 Hop chat oxit cua kim loai X hoa tri III, kim loai X chie'm 52,94% \6 khO'i lugng Oxit c6 kha nang phan ung vdi cap cha't nao sau day? A Dung dich HCI va dung dich KOH B Nudrc va dung dich NaOH C Dung dich H2SO4 loang va dung dich NaCl D Dung dich HCI va dung dich CaCl2 2.13 Co bon dung dich mu6'i la FeS04, Fe2(S04)3, CuClj va Al2(S04)3 dung Ig mat nhan Kim loai c6 th^ dung de phan biet b6'n dung dich muoi tren la A natri B dong C kem D nh6m 2.14 Cho 1,8 gam kim loai M hoa tri III phan irng het vdi dung dich axit H2SO4 du, thu dugc 2,24 lit H2 (d dktc) Biet hieu sua't phan ling bang 100% Kim loai M la A crom B sat C nhdm D mangan 2.15 Cho mdt kem cd khdi lugng 50 gam vao dung djch dong sunfat Sau mdt thdi gian phan ling ket thiic, khdi lugng la kem la 49,82 gam Khd'i lugng kem da phan ting la A 15,85 gam B 17,55 gam C 12,46 gam D 11,70 gam 2.16 Cho kem vao 100 ml dung dich sat(II) sunfat c6 nong x mol// SaU phan ling k€t thiic, khdi lugng kem giam 2,25 gam Gia tri ciia x la A B 2,5 C D 3,5 2.17 Hoa tan a gam mdt kim loai X 200 gam dung dich HCI 7,3% vua thu dugc dung dich A, ndng ciia muoi tao la 11,96% (theo j^hd'i lucmg) Kim loai X la A nhdm B canxi C mangan D dong 2.18 Hoa tan mdt lugng du bdt nhdm vao 200 ml dung dich H2SO4 I M Sau phan ung xay hoan toan, thu dugc 3,36 lit H2 (d dktc) Hieu sua't cua phan ung la A 80,12% C 75,0% C 70,64% D 85,21% 2.19 Cho 16 gam hdn hgp hai kim loai A l va Fe phan ung het vdi 200 ml dung dich NaOH I M Thanh phin % ciia Al va Fe hdn hgp Ian lugt la A 3,75% va 66,25% B 66,25% va 33,75% C 32,65% va 67,35% D 67,35% va 32,65% 2.20 Cho mdt sat cd khdi lugng 50 gam vao 400 ml dung dich CUSO4 Sau mdt thdi gian, khd'i lugng sat tang 4% Cho biet toan bd dong thoat deu bam het vao sat Khd'i lugng dong thoat la A 18 gam B 15 gam C 17 gam D 16 gam 2.21 Dien phan hoan toan 2,55 gam bdt nhdm oxit ndng chay Khi thu dugc du dot chay he't lugng cacbon la >•{ A 0,35 gam B 0,45 gam C 0,56 gam D 0,46 gam >ii)^ ' 2.22 Cho 200 ml dung dich axit sunfuhidric H2S I M phan ung hoan toan vdi 300 ml dung dich NaOH I M Dung dich thu dugc cd cac chat ,^ , , A NaHS va NaOH B NajS va NaOH C NaHS va Na2S D NaHS, Na2S va NaOH ,} A}Ll 2.23 Cho X gam MgCO, phan ung vdi dung dich HCI du Cho toan bd thoat vao dung dich nude vdi du, thu dugc 20 gam ket tua Biet hieu sua't phan ung la 100% Gia tri ciia x la , : ; A 16,8 B 17,2 ,, , C 15,9 D 18,4 2.24 Tir AljO, c6 thi dieu che A l bang each Nhung phuong phap dung dugc la A dien phan AljO, nong chay A , , , C 2, B dien phan h6n hop nong chay g6m AI2O3 va criolit C dung CO hoae Hj khir AI2O3 nong chay D hoa tan AljO, bang dung dich HCl, r6i di6n phan dung dich AICI3 2.25 Co the dieu che canxi bang phuong phap A dung Na day Ca khoi CaCl2 nong chay C nhiet phan CaO nhiet cao ^ D dien phan CaCl2 nong chay 2.26 Hoa tan hoan toan 1,35 gam kim loai X bang dung dich H2SO4 loang, thu dugc 1,68 lit (d dktc) Kim loai X la A kem B sat C nhom D magie 2.27 Cho luong CO di qua ong sii dung 20 gam bgt CuO nung nong Sau m6t thdi gian tha'y kh6'i lugng cha't ran ong sii lai la 16,8 gam Phan tram khoi lugng CuO da bi khuf la A 80% B 70% C 60% D 90% 2.28 Cho 10 gam bgt sat vao 500 ml dung dich FeCl, c6 nong d6 x mol/lit khua'y deu den phan ling xay hoan toan, tha'y khd'i lugng bgt sat lai la 8,6 gam Gia tri cua x la A 0,15 B.0,10 C 0,25 D 0,28 2.29 Hoa tan 3,2 gam oxit X2O, bang mot lugng vijra du dung dich H2SO4 10%, thu dugc dung dich mu6'i sunfat c6 nong d6 12,9% Cong thiic phan tCr cua oxit la A AI2O3 B Cr203 C Mn203 D Fe203 2.30 De dilu che natri kim loai, ngudi thucmg dilng phuong phap dien phan dung dich NaCl c6 mang ngan dien phan NaCl nong chay dien phan NaOH nong chay diing K day Na khoi dung dich NaCl khil oxit Na20 bang CO nhiet d6 cao 2.31 Hoa tan 3,94 gam BaCO, bang 500 ml dung dich HCl 0,4M The tich dung djch NaOH 0,5M can de trung hoa axit du la A 180 ml B 200 ml '.r C 360 ml B dung CO hoac H2 kbit CaO d nhiet dd cao B 2, 3,4 D 1,4, D 320 m l 2.32 X la dung dich chiia 0,1 mol AICI3 va Y la dung dich chiia 0,32 mol NaOH D6 tir tit Y vao X Khoi lugng ke't tiia thu dugc d6 he't Y vao X la A 7,8 gam B 6,24 gam , C 7,12 gam D 5,98 gam II BAI T A P T I J L U A N 2.33 Cho 69,6 gam Mn02 tac dung vdi axit clohidric dac, du, thu dugc mSt lugng X Dan X vao 550 ml dung dich NaOH M (D = 1,25 g/ml), thu dugc dung dich A Tinh nong phan tram, nong mol ciia cac cha't dung dich A Bie't the tich dung dich thay doi khong dang ke 2.34 Dot chay hoan toan 7,2 gam than d nhiet d6 thich hgp, thu dugc h6n hgp A gom CO2 va CO Dan h6n hgp A vao 6'ng dung CuO (du) nung nong Khi phan ling xong, cho toan bg lugng thu dugc vao nu6c v6i (lay du), thu dugc a gam ke't tua a) Vie't cac phuong trinh hoa hgc b) Tinh a 2.35 Nung 3,1 gam tinh the natri cacbonat ngam nudrc den khoi lugng khong doi, dugc cha't ran c6 khoi lugng la 2,65 gam Hay xac dinh c6ng thiic hoa hgc cua mu6'i natri cacbonat ngam nudrc 2.36 Nung 10,23 gam h6n hgp hai oxit la CuO va PbO v6i cacbon du Toan bg lugng CO2 sinh dugc dan vao binh dung dung dich Ca(0H)2 du Phan iJng ke't thiic, thu dugc 5,5 gam ket tiia a) Viet phuong trlnh hoa hgc b) Tinh phSn % theo khoi lugng cua m6i oxit kim loai h6n hgp 2.37 Hgp chat huu co A c6 phSn theo khoi lugng cac nguyen t6' nhu sau: 53,33%C, 15,55%H va 31,12%N a) Xac dinh cong thiic phan tir cua A Biet rang hgp chat c6 phan tir khg'i bang 45 dvC b) Cho bie't nito hgp chat c6 hoa tri I I I , hay vie't cong thiic ca'u taoctiaA 2.38 Dot chay hoan toan 6,72 lit h6n hop A g6m CO va CH4, phai dung vira Mt 6,72 h't oxi a) Tinh phan phan tram theo thi tich va theo khdi lugng cua cat chat hdn hop A Cac the tich d^u d dktc b) Ha'p thu toan bo CO2 tao or phan ung trtn vao binh chiJa 300 ml dung dich Ba(OH)2 0,75M, tha'y xua't hien m gam ket tua trSng Tinh m 2.39 Ci di^u kien chuin 3,36 h't h6n hop g6m metan va etilen c6 kh6i luang gam a) Ti'nh ph^n phSn tram cua cac cha't c6 hdn hop theo the tich va theo khd'i luong b) K h i dan 1,68 lit h6n hop di qua dung dich nudfc brom, nhan thay dung dich bi nhat mau va khdi lucmg binh chiJa dung dich tang them m gam Ti'nh m, bie't rSng phan ung xay hoan toan 2.40 Chirang PHI KIM - SO LUOC V E BANG TUAN HOAN C A C NGUYEN TO HOA HOC '^ I T R A C NGHIEM K H A C H QUAN ^ * 3.1 Cho cac cap cha't sau, cap chat nao khdng phan ling vdi nhau? A CI2 va NaOH B Fe203 va CO C CI2 va O2 D CO2 va CaCOH), '• 3.2 Hgp cha't X la oxit cua cacbon, phan tijf chiia 57,14% oxi ve khdi lugng Khd'i lugng mol ciia X la 28 gam Cdng thiic phan tit oxit X la: A.CO2 B.CO C C2O D C2O3 3.3 Hay chgn cau cd ndi dung sai cac cau sau: Cho A la hdn hop khi: CH4, C2H4 va C2H2 A Phi k i m cd the phan ung vdi nhieu k i m loai Dan 5,6 lit hdn hop A vao binh dirng dung dich brom du, sau phan ling khdi lugng binh tang 5,4 gam B Phi k i m cd the phan ung vdi phi kim khac C Nude Gia-ven la hdn hgp hai mudi NaCl va NaClO K h i khoi binh (khi khdng tac dung vdi nude brom) dugc dot chay hoan toan cho 2,2 gam COj D Trong cdng nghiep, clo dugc san xua't tCr mudi an (NaCl) Ti'nh phan phan tram theo khdi lugng mdi hidrocacbon hdn hgp Biet rang cac the' tich deu d dktc 2.41 Hdn hgp A gdm CO va mot hidrocacbon De ddt chay hoan toan 6,72 lit A dung het 39,2 lit khdng Phan ung tao 8,96 lit CO2 va 1,8 gam H2O Xac dinh cdng thirc phan tii cua hidrocacbon va phan tram theo the tich cac cd hdn hgp A Biet rang oxi chiem 20% the tich khdng khf, cac the ti'ch d dktc 2.42 Ddt chay gam mdt chat huu cof A, thu dugc 6,6 gam CO2 va 3,6 gam H2O a) Xac dinh cdng thiJc phan tir cua A, biet = 60 dvC b) Vie't cdng thirc cau tao (riit ggn) cd the' cd cua A 3.4 Tir cac cha't sau: MnO^, CaCO,, HCl va Na2S03 cd the' di^u che' dugc cac cha't k h i : A CO, CO2, H2S B CI2, H2, SO2 '-^^^ m^-' C CO2, H2S, CI2 D CI2, CO2, SO2 ' 3.5 Sau thi nghiem, clo du dugc loai bd bang each cho sue vao A dung dich HCl C dung dich H2SO4 B dung dich NaOH D dung dich NaCl 3.6 K h i nita san xua't dugc cdng nghiep thudng cd l§n lugng nhd cac CO2, CO va hai nude De thu nita nguyen chat cin diing phuang phap hoa hoc: A Ddt chay hdn hgp B Cho hdn hgp qua nude vdi C Ddt chay hdn hgp rdi cho san ph^m iSn lugt qua nude vdi va axit H2SO4 dac.' D Cho hdn horp qua CaO mdi san xua't \ 3.7 Nhan dinh nao sau day la dung nhat? ,| A Cacbon la cha't khir B Cacbon la cha't oxi hoa C Cacbon la phi kim r f t tra v6 mat hoat ddng hoa hoc D Cacbon vCra cd ti'nh khijr vira cd tinh oxi hoa ^' - 3.8 Chon phuong phap thich hop di dieu che k h i clo phong t h i nghiem: 27 gam A D u n nhe dung d i c h H C l dac v i M n O j mudi B D i n phan N a C l nong chay K i m loai d d la C D i e n phan dung d i c h N a C l bao hoa A ddng C k e m D D u n nhe N a C l v d i dung d i c h H2SO4 dac A SiOj + H F ^ SiF, t + C CI2 + H ^ H C + HC10 T D canxi ' A 412,6 B 403,2 C 396,8 D 430,6 3.16 O x i t ciia nguyen t d R cd k h d i lugng m o l la 44 gam N g u y e n t d o x i chiem , % phan k h d i lugng cua oxit 3.10 Cho phuong t r i n h phan iJng: Cdng thiic phan t i i ciia o x i t la 4C + F e , — ^ ? + ? Hoan phuong t r i n h phan ung va cho bie't cacbon phuong t r i n h dong vai tro gi? A N h i e n lieu dot chay la'y nhiet B Chat o x i hoa C Cha't k h i i va chat o x i hoa D Cha't khir B Thanh ph^n c h i n h ciia thuy t i n h la h6n hop natri silicat (NajSiO,) va canxi silicat (CaSiO,) C K h d n g dugfc dCing chai, lo bang thiiy tinh de chiJa, dung dung dich axit D Thanh phdn chinh cua x i mang la canxi silicat va canxi aluminat 3.12 Bidt nguyen tijr X c6 ca'u tao n h u sau: D i e n tich hat nhan la 15+, c6 Idp electron, Idp ngoai ciing c6 electron Dua vao bang tuSn hoan biet dugc nguyfin t d X la C photpho D lim huynh 3.13 Cac nguyen t d dugc sap xdp bang tuSn hoan cd nhung dac B SO2 C CO2 D.N2O ; G i a t r i cua V la cac hop chat thien nhidn ciia silic va cac hoa chat khac B clo A P2O5 JO > 400 m l dung d i c h H C l 1,5M tha'y thoat V l i t k h i CO2 (6 d k t c ) , , , , A C6ng nghiep silicat g o m san xuat dd g d m sii, t h u y t i n h , x i mang tCr A nito (J 3.17 Hoa tan hoan toan 31,2 gam hdn hgp g d m N a j C O , va C a C bang 1 Hay chon nhan d i n h sai nhung nhan d i n h sau: Aiim: A D i e n t i c h hat nhan nguyen t ^ tang dSn B Sd Idp electron nguyen t ^ bang sd thiJ t u cua chu k i C Sd electron Idp ngoai cung ciia nguyen t i i bang sd t h i i t u ciia n h d m A D Ca A , B, C d^u d i i n g G i a t r i cua V la 2Ufi D 3CO + Fe^ 0, ^ 2Fe + S C O ^ B magie J dugc V l i t k h i cacbonic ( d dktc) Biet hieu sua't phan ihig l a % 2Hfi B SiOj + 4HC1 ^ SiCl^ T + " ,^ 3.15 D u n g d i c h chiJa 980 gam H2SO4 tac dung he't v d i N a H C O , d u , t h u 3.9 Phan utig hoa hoc nao sau day khOng xay ra? , 3.14 C h o 12,8 gam k i r n l o a i hoa t r i I I tac dung v d i k h i clo d u , t h u d u g c A 4,46 B.6,72 C 5,87 D 8,14 3.18 Cho l u d n g k h i clo qua dng sii dung 1,12 gam bdt k i m loai M d nhiet dg cao Sau k h i phan ting ke't thiic, thu dugc 3,25 gam m u d i K i m loai M i a A sat B n h d m C mangan D canxi O De' c d d i i l u g n g k h i clo tham gia phan ung tren cAn bao nhieu l i t dung djch H C l M tham gia phan ung v d i bdt M n O s du? A 0,2 l i t B 0,02 l i t C 0,12 l i t D 0,03 l i t 3.19 Hoa tan 4,48 l i t k h i hidro clorua ( d dktc) vao 42,7 m l nude, thu dugc dung d i c h axit clohidric N d n g dd % va ndng dd m o l cua dung d i c h t h u dugc la: A 1,46% v a , M B 1,46% va , M C 14,6% va , M D 14,6% va , M 3.20 D a n 11,2 l i t h d n hgp k h i C O va CO2 ( d dktc) vao 100 m l dung d i c h Ca(0H)2, t h u dugc m u d i nha't k h d n g tan, cd k h d i lugng 10 gam N6ng d6 mol cua dung djch Ca(OH)2 la A 2,0M B 1,0M 3.26 D6't h6n hop g6m 5,6 gam b6t sat va 1,6 gam b6t luu huynh m6i trUcffig khfing c6 khdng khi, thu duoc h6n hop chat ran A C 1,2M D 0,9M Cho h6n hop A phan ling hoan toan v6i dung dich HCl I M du, thu dugfc Thanh phdn % theo th^ tich cua CO2 h6n hop ban dau la h6n hop B Thi tich dung dich HCl I M da tham gia phan ling la A 20% B 50% A 0,4 lit B 0,2 l i t C 15% D 35% C 0,3 lit D 0,1 lit 3.21 D6't chay photpho binh chiia 6,72 lit O2 (d dktc), thu duoc 14,2 gam diphotpho pentaoxit Kh6'i lugng photpho tham gia phan ung la A 8,1 gam B 6,8 gam C 7,4 gam D 6,2 gam 3.22 Khi nhiet phan 14,2 gam h6n hop gom canxi cacbonat va magie cacbonat, thu diroc 3,36 lit CO2 (or dktc) Thanh phSn % khdi luong cac cha't h6n hcrp la A 70% CaCO, va 30% MgCO, B 60% CaCOj va 40% MgCO, C 70,42% CaCOj va 29,58% MgCO, D 60,52% CaCO, va 39,48% MgCOj 3.23 Hoa tan a gam m6t oxit sat cSn 150 ml dung dich HCl 3M Ne'u kh& a gam oxit bang CO nong, du, thu duoc 8,4 gam sat C6ng thiic phan tir cua oxit sat la A FeO B Fe203 C Fe304 D Kh6ng xac djnh duoc 3.24 Cho 268,8 lit h6n hop CO va H2 or dktc khir sat(III) oxit nhiet cao Kh6l luong sat thu duoc la A 448 gam B 462 gam C 521 gam D 428 gam 3.25 Cho 200 ml dung dich NaOH I M phan irng he't v6i 200 ml dung dich chiia 38 gam h6n hop hai mu6'i Na2C03 va NaHCO, Thanh phSn % cua Na2C03 va NaHCO, l^n lucrt la A 57,79% va 44,21% B 44,21% va 55,79% C 60,80% va 39,20% D 52,70% va 47,30% II BAI T A P T l J L U A N 3.27 a) Trong c6ng nghifip, tir 1kg quang pirit nguydn cha't c6 the' dieu che duoc bao nhieu kg dung dich axit H2SO4 98%? Biet hieu suat toan b6 qua trinh sdn xua't la 90% b) Neu each lam d^ pha che' dung dich H2SO4 c6 ndng d6 3,75M tit lucmg axit da san xua't duoc 3.28 Bie't A la oxit cua sat k i m loai Khuf hoan toan 1,6 gam A can 627 ml hidro (dktc) Neu la'y toan b6 lugng kim loai vtta thu duoc trdn cho tac dung vdi dung dich HCl du thi thu duoc 0,448 lit hidro (dktc) Xac dinh c6ng thiic phan tir cua A ' ^ • 3.29 TrOn iSn 50 m l dung djch NaOH 0,1M v6i 30 m l dung dich NaOH 0,5M duoc dung dich A Them 60 ml dung dich AICI3 0,1M vao A Ti'nh nong d6 mol ciia cac chat thu dugc sau phan ling (cho rang th^ tich cha't ran kh6ng dang k^) 3.30 Cho tir tir dung dich HNO3 vao 6'ng nghiem chiJa dung dich NaOH, sau phan ling thu dugc dung dich D a) Viet cac phuong trinh hoa hoc b) Hay cho biet cac cha't tan c6 the' c6 dung dich D c) Cho 50 gam dung dich HNO3 12,6% phan ihig het v6i 100 gam dung dich NaOH Tinh ndng dS % dung dich thu dugc sau phan ling 3.31 Hoa tan 7,8 gam h6n hgp kim loai A (hoa tri I I ) va B (hoa tri I I I ) bang dung dich H2SO4 loang viTa du, thu dugc 8,96 lit H2 (dktc) a) Tinh kh6'i lugng mu6'i khan thu dugc c6 can dung dich sau phan ling N6ng d6 mol cua dung djch sau phan ling la b) Xac dinh ten va kh6'i lugng m6i k i m loai h6n hgp, biet rang s6' niol kim loai hoa tri I I I bang hai \An s6 mol k i m loai hoa trj I I va nguyen tijr A 1,0M B 1,2M C 2,1M D 2,0M khfi'i ciia k i m loai hoa tri I I bang - nguyen tir kh6'i cua k i m loai hoa tri I I I Chirong HIDROCACBON - NHIEN LIEU 3.32 Nung 12 gam CaCOj d nhiet cao Sau phan ling thu 7,6 gam chat ran A a) Tinh hieu sua't phan ling phan huy va th^nh phan % cac cha't A b) Hoa tan hoan toan A dung dich HCl du, dan toan b6 thu duoc vao 125 ml dung dich NaOH 0,2M, thu duoc dung dich B Tinh ndng d6 mol cac cha't c6 B c) Cho toan b6 dung dich B vao dung dich Ca(OH)2 du Vie't phuong trinh hoa hoc va tinh s6' gam kfi't tua thu duoc sau phan ling 3.33 Tr6n dung dich AgNO, 1,2M va dung dich Cu(N03)2 1,6M vdri the tich bang nhau, duoc dung dich A Them 1,6 gam b6t A l vao 100 m l dung dich A, duoc cha't ran B va dung dich C a) Tinh kh6'i lugng cua B b) Trinh bay phuong phap hoa hoc d^ lay tittig cha't tuf B c) Them 240 m l dung dich NaOH I M vao dung dich C dugfc ke't tua D Lpc la'y D, nung nong ddng thoi cho CO d i qua cho de'n cha't ran c6 khoi lucmg kh6ng d6i, thu duac cha't ran E E g6m nhung cha't gi? Kh6'i luong m6i cha't E la bao nhieu? I T R A C NGHIEM K H A C H QUAN 4.1 Cho cac hop cha't: CH4, CO, CH3COOH, CaQ, H2CO3, QH^O, Na^CO, S6' hop cha't hull CO la A hofp cha't B hop cha't C hop cha't D hop cha't 4.2 Trong s6' cac hop cha't hOu co sau: CH3CI, CH4, QH^O, C,H„ C , H , „ Q H , CH3 - NH2, QH4O2 ; • S6' hop cha't hidrocacbon va dSn xua't hidrocacbon l^n luot la A 4va5 B v a C v a D v a ^ ' 4.3 C6ng thiJc ca'u tao vie't sai la ^ B CH3 - a A CH3 - CH2 - CH3 C CH3 - O D CH3 - OH » ' 4.4 C6ng thiic ca'u tao thu gon cua cac hop chat c6 c6ng thiic phan tir : , j CjHgO vie't dung la A CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - OH B CH3 - CH2 - O - CH3 , ; i „ti.¥ C C H - (C; :HH H D Ca A , B va C d^u dung CH3 4.5 K h i d6't chay hgrp cha't huu co X, thu dupe CO2 va H2O thi: A Cha't X chi chiia cacbon va hidro B Cha't X chi chiia cacbon, hidro va oxi r C Cha't X chiia cacbon, hidro va c6 th^ co oxi D Cha't X chi chiia cacbon va oxi 4.6 D6't chay ciing s6' mol nhu nhau, hop cha't nao dudi day chay cho nhidu cacbonic nhaft? A CfiHg B.CH4 C C2H4 D C2H2 4.7 Dua binh chiia h6n hop metan va clo ngoai anh sang Sau m6t thcri gian CO hiSn tupng: A Khi clo bi nhat mau B Dua miu gia'y quy tim udt vao mieng binh, gia'y quy tim chuy^n sang mau C T h e m nu6c vao b i n h , lac nhe, cho tiep vao b i n h m t miu ( C a C O , ) thay c6 bot k h i xua't hien da v o l 4.14 Cap chat nao sau day c6 kha nang vijfa tham gia phan ung c6ng vita tham gia phan ung the'? D Ca A , B, C deu d i i n g 4.8 Chon cau c6 n o i dung sai cac cau sau: A M e t a n phan ung v6i clo k h i chieu sang B E t i l e n va axetilen phan utig duoc v i d u n g d i c h nude b r o m v i chiing la hai hidrocacbon k h o n g no (c6 l i e n kfit d i va ba phan tut) B C2H2 va C , H , C C2H4 va CfiH^ D C H va C2H4 .i > 4.15 Di nhien l i e u chay cd hieu qua cao cSn phai A cung cap cang nhidu o x i k h d n g k h i cang td't B tang dien t i c h tiep xiic cua nhien heu v d i o x i hay k h d n g k h i C Benzen phan ling v i dung d i c h nude b r o m v i t r o n g phan tit c6 lien ke't d o i '* ' C dieu c h i n h nhien l i e u de t r i su chay d m i i c p h i i hop \ D sir dung nhien l i e u cd cha't lugng tot D A x e t i l e n c6 thi diiu che t i i metan H a y cho biet bien phap nao saH 4.9 H o p chat hiru c o X c6 c6ng thiic cau tao C H j = C H - C H N h a n xet nao sau day ve X la sot? A C H va C , H , 4.16 Phan tir hop cha't huu co X chiia hai nguyen t o K h i dd't chay gam A X l a m ma't mau d u n g d i c h nude b r o m hcfp cha't X , t h u duoc 5,4 gam H O Khd'i l u g n g m o l cua X la 30 gam B X CO kha nang tham gia phan ung triing hgfp n h u etilen C X chay khOng k h i cho san p h ^ m la C O va H j D X CO phan u n g c6ng hop H2 4.10 K h i axetilen 66u che duoc thucmg c6 l l n k h i C O j De loai C O , thu axetilen t i n h khie't phai d d n g Cdng thiic phan t i i cua X la A.CH4 B.QH, C C2H^ D C2H4 „ , 4.17 Khd'i l u g n g C O va H O t h u duoc k h i dd't chay gam k h i metan la A nude B dung d i c h N a O H A 2 g a m C va g a m H I C dung d i c h N a C l D dung d i c h b r o m B 20 gam C O va 16 gam H O >| v C 24 gam C O va 26 gam H O > 1 Cho so d6 chuye'n hoa: D a v o i — , x ) o ° c )C,H3 D g a m C v a l g a m H /feffo 4.18 Sue 5,6 l i t k h i etilen ( d dktc) vao dung d i c h nude b r o m Khd'i luong H o p chat A va B la: A CaOvaCaCj B C v a C a C C CaO va C O D CaCj va C O brom da phan ung la 4.12 T r o n g cac phan u n g : C , H g + A — ^ C ^ H j C l + B A 80 gam B 40 gam C 60 gam D 30 gam .A 4.19 D i n hdn hop axetilen va metan cd t h ^ tich la 2,24 l i t ( d d k t c ) vao dung dich nude b r o m , tha'y 1,12 l i t k h i ( d dktc) bay C + Bi^ ^ C j H B r , Cac hop chat A , B va C I f o lugt la A CI2, H2 va C2H4 B H2, H C l va C2H4 C H C l , CI2 va C2H2 D CI2, H C l va C2H4 4.13 San p h ^ m tao k h i metan phan ung v d i clo v d i t i 16 m o l : 3, cd anh sang la: A CH3CI B C H C I , H C C C H C I , 3HC1 D CH3CI, HCl Khd'i l u o n g b r o m da phan ting la A 18 gam B 24 gam C 16 gam D 14 gam ' 4.20 Cho 2,8 l i t hdn hop etilen va metan ( d dktc) qua b i n h chiia dung d i c h brom d u , thay cd gam b r o m tham gia phan ung The t i c h metan cd h d n hop la A 3,36 l i t B 1,12 l i t C 2,84 l i t D 2,24 l i t ^ 4.21 D6't chay ho^n toan h6n hop g6m 0,1 mol C2H4 va 0,1 mol CO2 DSn toan b6 thu duoc vao dung djch Ca(OH)2 du Kh6'i lucmg mu6'i thu duoc la A 40 gam ^ B 37 gam C 42 gam , , : ; : > tv J I > 4.28 D6't chay 28 m l h6n hop metan va axetilen phai diing 67,2 m l oxi (cac th^ tich k h i b cung di^u kifn) Thanh phSn % the' tich ciia m6i h6n hop la it'' •' A 40% metan va 60% axetilen D 38 gam B 20% metan va 80% axetilen 4.22 C6ng thiJc thuc nghiSm cua hidrocacbon X la (CHj)^ Bie't t i khd'i cua X so vori oxi bang 0,875 C 25% metan va 75% axetilen C6ng thirc phan tir cua X la D 75% metan va 25% axetilen A.QH, B.C3HS C QH4 , , D QHfi 4.29 Dun nong h6n hop g6m: 0,2 mol C2H4; 0,1 mol C2H6; 0,2 mol C2H2 va 0,9 mol H2 c6 N i xiic tac H6n hop thu duoc sau phan ting c6 phSn % the tich la 4.23 Cho m6t lirgng axetilen duoc di6u che tCr m gam canxi cacbua vao dung dich brom, tha'y c6 3,2 gam brom phan ling A 37,5% H2, 62,5% C^^, Khd'i lugng canxi cacbua cSn diing la B 30% C2H2, 70% CjHfi A 1,12 gam B 0,64 gam C 40% C2H4, 60% C 0,86 gam D 0,58 gam D 25% H2, 35% C2H4, 50% C2H6 4.24 Cho benzen tac dung vdfi brom c6 b6t Fe xuc tac, thu duoc 15,7 gam brom benzen ' • QHg 4.30 Cho 6,72 lit h5n hop CH4 va C2H4 {b dktc) qua binh dung dung dich brom thi lam mat mau vira du 100 ml dung dich brom I M Khd'i luong benzen da phan ung la Thanh phSn % the' tich ciia CH4 va C2H4 h6n hop la A 8,2 gam B 7,2 gam A 65,35% CH4, 34,65% C2H4 j ^ C 8,6 gam D 7,8 gam B 66,25% CH4, 33,75% C2H4 J > 4.25 D6't chay hoan toan lit hidrocacbon X , thu duoc lit cacbonic va lit hoi nude (cac the tich b ciing d i l u kien dS va ap suat) C 34,65% CH4, 65,35% C2H4 D 66,67% CH4, 33,33% C2H4 C6ng thiic cua phan tijf cua X la A C,H, C Co oxi, 36% > • II B A I T A P T I / L U A N D C^Hfi 4.26 D6't chay gam hop chat huu co X, thu duoc 8,8 gam CO2 va 5,4 gam HjO Trong phan tir X c6 oxi khong? Neu c6 thi oxi chie'm bao nhieu % phSn kh6'i lugng cua X? A Kh6ng CO oxi •> ' M ' i / i ' -:r-,a \i,iA iwJ.: ;o> B C,Hfi C C4H,o r d^.i • _ ' , B Co oxi, 24% D Co oxi, 64% 4.27 D6t chay hoan toan m6t the tich hidrocacbon Y can the tich oxi bang the' tich cua Y (cac the' tich cf cung d i l u ki6n) 4.31 Dieu che' rugu etylic tir tinh b6t: "' ^ a) Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc b) Biet hieu suat dieu che la 75% Hay tinh the'tich rugu 46" thu dugc tii 100 kg gao chiia % tinh b6t Cho bie't rugu etylic nguyen chat c6 kh6'i lugng riengO,8 g/mol 4.32 Ngucfi ta n^u xk phong tir m6t loai cha't beo c6 c6ng thiic (C„H„COO)3C,H, ^ a) Viet phuong trinh hoa hoc Hidrocacbon Y la A C2H4 B C^Hfi C.CH4 D.QH2 b) Tinh khO'i lugng xa phong natri tao tit 200 kg cha't beo c6 chiJa 19,4% tap chat khong phan ling, biet su hao hut san xua't la 15% 4.33 D6't chay hoan loan m6t lirgng metan can vCra du 11,2 lit oxi (dktc), thu dugc CO2 va H2O a) Viet phucfng trinh hoa hoc ^ b) Tinh the tich (dktc) cua metan dem dd't va CO2 tao sau phan ling 4.34 Thanh phSn cua m6t loai k h i thien nhien c6 chira 96% CH4, 2% N2 va 2% CO2 theo the' tich Dot chay hoan toan m6t lugng r6i dSn toan b6 san pham tao vao dung dich nude v6i du, thu dugc 80 gam kfi't tiia ,,,, a) Tinh the tich k h i (dktc) da dem dot chay b) Neu hap thu toan b6 cacbonic tao (sau dot lugng'khi thien nhien or tren) bang 600 ml dung dich NaOH M , thi sau thi nghiem trono dung dich thu dugc c6 nhirng chat gi, khd'i lugng la bao nhieu? 4.35 H6n hgp A g6m hai la metan va axetilen Trgn 10 lit hidro voi 10 lii h6n hgp A r6i cho di qua ong dung niken (Ni) nung nong Sau thi nghiem, the tich k h i lai la 12 lit h6n hgp B Cac the tich cr cung dieu kien nhiet va ap sua't Xac dinh the' tich m6i k h i h6n hgp A va B Bie't rang cac phan ling xay hoan toan 4.36 Trong ph^n cua gao chira 80% tinh bdt 4.39 Hgp chat huxi co A c6 ph^n phSn tram kh6'i lugng cac nguyen t6-nhu sau: 48,75%C, 8,11%H, 43,14%0 a) Xac dinh CTPT cua A , bie't = 74 dvC b) A CO kha nang lam quy tim Hay vie't CTCT cua A ,^ ^ 4.40 Hgp chat hCoi co A c6 phan tir khd'i bang 60 dvC D6't chay hokn toan 7,2 gam A, thu dugc 5,376 lit k h i CO2 (dktc) va 4,32 gam H2O Hay xac dinh CTPT ciia A va viet cac c6ng thiic ca'u tao co the' co ciia A 4.41 Dun 445 gam chat beo (C,7H3,COO)3C3H, vdi m6t lugng vte du dung dich NaOH cho de'n phan irng xay hoan toan a) Viet phucfng trinh hoa hgc b) Tinh kh6i lugng xa phong banh chiia 60% C^HasCOONa thu dugc qua trinh tren 4.42 Cho lugng dQ bgt magie vao 50 ml dung dich axit axetic, tha'y co 0,28 lit thoat K h i cho lugng du axit vao 14,8 gam h6n hgp Na2C03 va NaHCOj, thu dugc 3,36 lit a) Viet phuong trinh hoa hgc b) Tinh nong d6 mol cua axit axetic c) Tinh phSn tram theo khC'i lugng cua Na2C03 h6n hgp, biet rang TCr ta gao c6 the dieu che' dugc: cac the' tich k h i deu a dktc a) Bao nhieu kg glucozo, biet hieu sua't cua qua trinh dieu che la 70%? 4.43 Cho 39 gam glucozo tac dung vdri A g N O , amoniac Hoi co bao nhieu gam bac ket tua ne'u hieu sua't phan ung la 75%? b) Bao nhieu lit c6n 90", bie't hieu sua't cua qua trinh chi dat 60% va khS'i lugng rieng cua rugu D = 0,8 g/ral? 4.37 Dung djch A la h6n hgp cua ruooi va nudrc Cho 20,2 gam A tac dung vdri kirn loai natri du, thu dugc 5,6 lit k h i (dktc) a) Tinh d6 rugu ciia dung dich A , cho bie't kh6'i lugng rieng cua rugu la 0,8 g/ml va cua nude la g/ml b) Neu dung loai rugu 40", thi cdn bao nhieu gam rugu cho tac dung vdri natri de' cung dugc the' tich k h i nhu tren? 4.38 Tr6n x gam CH3COOH vdi y gam Q H O H dugc h6n hgp A Neu len men lucmg glucozo tren thi thu dugc bao nhieu gam rugu etylic va bao nhieu lit k h i CO2, neu hieu sua't phan img la 80%? 4.44 Dun nong h6n hgp chiia 12 gam axit axetic va 4,6 gam axit fomic (HCOOH) vdi 18,4 gam rugu etylic co mat axit H2SO4 dac lam xiic tac Sau thi nghiem xac dinh dugc h6n hgp san ph^m co chiia 8,8 gam este CH3COOC2H5 Tinh hieu sua't tao m6i este tren Chia A ba ph^n bang nhau: - Cho phan m6t tac dung vdri natri du, thu dugc 5,6 lit - Cho phSn hai tac dung v6i CaCO, du, thu dugc 2,24 lit a) Viet cac phuong trinh hoa hgc b) Tinh x va y, bie't rang cac k h i d dktc c) Dun nong phdn ba vdri axit H2SO4 dac, de' thuc hien phan dug este hoa Tinh khoi lugng este tao thanh, biet hieu sua't phan ling la 60% .1 5.7• Hgp chat nao sau day khdng tan nude? Chirong DAN XUAT COA HIDROCACBON - I T R A C NGHIEM K H A C H QUAN A C H C O O H POLIME 5.1 Rugu etylic phan ling dugc vdi natri vi phan tCr rugu c6 A oxi B hidro 'j!* C nhom OH lien k€t true tie'p vdi cacbon D mach cacbon kh6ng phan nhanh 5.2 Tren v6 chai rugu c6 ghi 15" Dieu c6 nghla la A ndng d6 % cua dung dich rugu etylic la 15% B phSn tram thi tich ciia rucru etylic nguyen chat chiia chai ruau la 15% C Trong chai c6 15 phSn khfi'i lugng rugu etylic nguySn chat va 85 phSn khg'i lugng nude D loai rugu dugc bao quan nhiet d6 15"C la t6t nha't 5.3 Axit axetic c6 tinh axit vi A phan tir c6 nguyfin t\x oxi B phan tijr c6 nhom OH C tan v6 han nude D phan tur c6 nhom -COOH 5.4 Axit axetic phan ling dugc vdi A KOH B CaCO, C C2H5OH D Ca A, B va C 5.5 Trong phong thi nghiSm c6 ba Ig dung ba dung dich la axit axetic, rugu etylic (con) va NaOH bi mat nhan Thu6'c thii phan biet dugc ba dung dich tren la A quy tim B NaCl C axit HCl D Natri 5.6 Cho chu6i bie'n hoa: Glucozo-^^X >Y—^^:!g^CH,CQQNa Cac hgp chat X va Y l^n lugt la A CO2 va CH.COOH B C2H,0H va CO2 C C2H5OH va C H C O O H D C H C O O H va C2H,0H B (CH3COO)3C3H5 D.QH^OH ^' 5.8 C6 chaft hHu cor: C2H4, QH^O, C2H4O2 va QH.^O^ Cac chat phan ting vdi natri la A C2H4, C H , , C,n,,0, B C H , , C,H,20, C.QH,20, f ' i C C2H4O, C2H4 ' D C2H6O, C2H4O2 5.9 Co chat huu ca da hgc dugc ki hieu la X, Y va Z Khi lam thi nghiem ngudi ta tha'y rang: - Cha't X va Z phan ung dugc v6i natri - Cha't Y kh6ng tan nude - Cha't Z phan ling dugc vdi Na2C03 X, Y va Z Ian lugt cd c6ng thiic phan tixlh A C2H5OH, C2H4 va CH3COOH B C H C O O H , QHsOH va C2H4 C C2H5OH, C H C O O H va C2H4 -tyi ' D C2H4, C2H,0H va C H C O O H • iirui mil:5.10 Chgn cau diing nhat cac cau sau day: • ' >• A D^u an la este B DSu an la este cua glixerol C D^u an la este cua glixerol va axit beo ' D D^u an la hdn hgp ciia nhi^u este 5.11 Cd hai ta'm lua be ngoai gid'ng het nhau: M6t ta'm det bang ta tam, mdt ta'm det bang ta t6ng hgp De phan biet hai ta'm lua cin A hoa tan mdt mSu nho ciia mdi ta'm vao dung dich axit roi dung quy tim B hoa tan mdt mSu nho cua mdi ta'm vao dung dich ki^m rdi diing quy tim C dd't chay mdt ma'u nho cua mdi ta'm rdi ngiri miii ./ D ca ba each A, B, C deu diing _ 5.12 Thuy phan chat beo bang dung dich kilm, thu dugc A mud'i ciia axit beo va nude v.'j; B mud'i ciia axit beo va glixerol C mud'i ciia axit beo va rugu etylic ) >, D axit beo va glixerol ^; • [...]... ducmg 2 KhT thien nhien - Khi thien nhien cd trong cac md khi nam dudi long dat Thanh phdn chu yeu cua khi thien nhien la metan (90 - 95%) - Khf thien nhien dugc dung lam nhien lieu, nguyen lieu cho nhieu nganh cdng nghigp va trong ddi sd'ng VIII NHIEN LIEU - Nhien lieu thdng thudng la nhiJng chat chay dugc, khi chay tda nhiet va phat sang - Nhien lieu thudng la nhung vat lieu cd sSn trong thien nhien... 1.26 Nhiet phan hidroxit ciia kim loai X, thu duoc oxit c6 cOng thiic phan tit X2O3, trong do %X = 52,94% Cong thiic phan tu cua hidroxit la II BAI TAP TU LUAN 1.32 Khu hoan toan 32 gam mdt oxit sat chua rd cdng thiic bang khi CO du d nhifet do cao Sau khi phan ling kdt thilc, khdi lirong cha't ran cdn lai 22,4 gam a) Xac dinh cdng thiic hoa hoc cua oxit sat b) Chat khi sinh ra duoc dSn vao dung djch... 2 v a 6 ^ ' 4.3 C6ng thiJc ca'u tao vie't sai la ^ B CH3 - a A CH3 - CH2 - CH3 C CH3 - O D CH3 - OH » ' 4.4 C6ng thiic ca'u tao thu gon cua cac hop chat c6 c6ng thiic phan tir : , j CjHgO vie't dung la A CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - OH B CH3 - CH2 - O - CH3 , ; i „ti.¥ C C H 3 - (C; :HH 0 H D Ca A , B va C d^u dung CH3 4.5 K h i d6't chay hgrp cha't huu co X, thu dupe khi CO2 va H2O thi: A Cha't X chi chiia... m6t loai k h i thien nhien c6 chira 96% CH4, 2% N2 va 2% CO2 theo the' tich Dot chay hoan toan m6t lugng khi nay r6i dSn toan b6 san pham tao thanh vao dung dich nude v6i trong du, thu dugc 80 gam kfi't tiia ,,,, a) Tinh the tich k h i (dktc) da dem dot chay b) Neu hap thu toan b6 khi cacbonic tao thanh (sau khi dot lugng'khi thien nhien or tren) bang 600 ml dung dich NaOH 2 M , thi sau thi nghiem trono... Polime Id nhiing hap chdt c6 phdn tit khoi rat Idn, do nhieu mdt xich lien kei vdi nhau tao nen - Diia vao nguon g6'c tao thanh, polime dugc chia lam hai loai: Polime thien nhien: Co sSn trong thien nhien nhu tinh b6t, xenlulozo, cao su thien nhien, protein Polime long hop: Do con ngu&i dieu ehe' tCr cae chat don gian nhu polietilen (PE), poli(vinyl clorua) (PVC), tonilon 1 Cdu tqo phan tOf polime -... tu lai thanh cue Thi du: Long trang trung hay rieu cua khi bi dun nong chiing d6ng tu lai - Suphdn huy nhiet: DO't nong protein (thi du d6't chay toe, I6ng ga) no bi phan hiiy, tao ra nhimg cha't khi c6 mui khet + Tff hod hgc: San xua't bang cac phuong phap hoa hgc To hoa hgc gdm 2 loai: to nhan tao va to tdng hgp Tc/ nhdn tgo (con ggi la to ban tdng hgp) duge san xua't tfr cac pohnie thien nhien bang... c6 khd ndng bien dgng khi chin tdc dgng ben ngodi (nen hay keo) vd Igi trd Igi dgng ban dan khi thoi tdc dgng P H A N II LUYEN Cao su dugc phan thanh hai loai: cao su thien nhi6n va cao su t6ng hop + Cao su thien nhien la polime c6 cOng thiic - f C^^\, K I N A N G THEO CHUAN A C A U HOI V A BAI TAP duoc la'y t i i mu (nhua) cay cao su Chirongl + Cao su tong hop duoc san xua't tijr polime t6ng hop nhu... B B CuO D CaCOj H2SO4 1.2 Ne'u dung dung dich K O H lam thuO'c thir thi phan biet dugc 2 dung dich mu6'i nao trong cac cap sau? A KCl va Ba(N03)2 B C a C l 2 va K2SO4 C NaCl va Zn(N03)2 D FeCl, va Na2S04 1.3 Phan tir kh6'i cua hop chat X la 80 va thanh phdn % v l khO'i lucmg cac nguyen t6' trong hop chat X la: 40% S, 60% O (oxi) C6ng thiic phan tu cua hop cha't X la A SO2 B S2O3 C S O 3 D S3O2 1.4... khong phan nhanh) Thi du: Clo CO the Ian luot the he't 4 nguyen tir H, tao thanh CCI4 CH, - CI I2 - CH2 - CH3 (butan) - Mgch phan nhdnh (co mot hoac nhieu nhanh) Thi du: CH3 - CII - CH2 - CH - CH2 - CH3 3 Qng dung c u a metan - DCing lam nhien lieu trong c6ng nghifip va trong ddi sd'ng - Dung lam nguyen lieu trong c6ng nghiep hoa cha't CH3 CH3 - Mgch vdng (vong ba canh hoac nhieu canh) Thi dii: I I (xiclobutan)... dung djch hoa tan 3,25 gam sat clorua tac dung vdi dung dich bac nitrat du, sinh ra 8,61 gam ket tua Hay tim cdng thiic phan tir cua mudi sat da dung 1.36 Khir hoan toan 16 gam oxit sat bang khi CO d nhiet dd cao Sau khi phan ling kdt thiic, khdi lugng cha't ran giam 4,8 gam a) Tim cdng thiic phan tir cua oxit sat ^.^^^^^ b) Chat khi sinh ra dugc dan vao binh dung dung dich NaOH du Hay cho biet khdi ... kie'n thiic va ki nang cua minh, tii b6 sung nhung kid'n thiic va ki nang eon thieu PHAN III - Gl6l THIEU M O T SO DE KIEM TRA , ^, I De kiem tra 15 phut II De kiem tra 45 pliiit PHAN IV - Gldl THIEU... - Mgch vdng (vong ba canh hoac nhieu canh) Thi dii: I I (xiclobutan) CH2 Cong thijfc phan tu va cong thCfc cdu tqo - Cong thi' fc phan li((CTPT): Cong thirc phSn tir cho biet: + S6' nguyen tijt... la hdc in dung lam nhua rai ducmg KhT thien nhien - Khi thien nhien cd cac md nam dudi long dat Thanh phdn chu yeu cua thien nhien la metan (90 - 95%) - Khf thien nhien dugc dung lam nhien lieu,