Thiết kế bài giảng hóa học 10 nâng cao tập 1 NXB hà nội 2009

NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI vu MINH HA ^ ^ THIET KE BAI GIANG • NANG CAO - TAP M T NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI Thiet ke bai giang HOA HOC 10 - TAP MOT, NANG CAO VU MINH H A NHA XUAT BAN H A NOI Chiu trdch nhiem xudi bdn: NGUYfiN K H A C O A N H Bien tap: PHAM QU6C TUAN Vebia: T A O THU HUY^N Trinh bay: , T H A I S O N - SON LAM Sua bdn in: PHAM QUOC TUAN In 1000 cuon, kho 17 x 24 cm, tai Cong ty Co phan in Phuc yen Giay phep xuat ban so: 68 - 2009/CXB/67 i TK - 06/HN In xong va nop ILAJ chieu nam 2009 Jlol not dau De ho trg cho viec day - hoc mon Hoa hge 10 theo chu'dng trinh sach giao khoa (SGK) m6i ap dung tCr nSm hoc 2006 - 2007, chung toi bien soan cuon Thiet ke bai giang Hoa hoc 10 nang cao gom hai tap Sach gidi thieu each thiet ke bai giang theo tinh than ddi mdi phuong phap day hoc nham phat huy ti'nh tich cgc nhan thu'c cua hoc sinh (HS) Ve noi dung : Sach bam sat ngi dung SGK Hoa hoc 10 nang cao theo chuong trinh cua Bg Giao due va Oao tao ban hanh moi tiet day deu chi ro muc tieu ve kie'n thCrc, kT nSng, thai cho HS; cac cong vi§c can chuan bi cua giao vien (GV); cac phuong tien trg giang can thie't nham dam bao chat li/dng tCtng bai, tC/ng tiet len I6p Ngoai ra, sach mc) rgng, bd sung them mgt so ngi dung lien quan de'n bai giang bang nhieu hoat dgng nham cung cap them tu" lieu de cac.thay, co giao tham khao, van dung theo doi tugng va muc dfch day hoc Ve phi/ang phap day - hoc : Sach dugc trien khai theo hudng tfch cue hoa hoat dgng cua HS, lay cd sd cua moi hoat dgng la nhu'ng viec lam cua HS du6i sg hudng dan, gdi md cua thay, co giao Sach cung dUa nhieu hinh thu'c hoat dgng hap dan, phu hdp vdi dac trUng mon hoc nhu: thf nghiem, quan sat vat that hay mo hinh, thao luan, thuc hanh, nham phat huy tfnh dgc lap, tUgiac cua HS OSc biet sach chu trgng tdi khau thUc hanh bai hge, dong thdi chi re tC/ng hoat dgng cu the cua GV va HS mgt tien trinh day - hoc, coi day la hai hoat dgng cung nhau, dd ca HS va GV deu la chu the Chung toi hi vgng cudn sach se la tai lieu tham khao hOfu fch, gdp phan ho trd cac thay, cd giao dang trUc tiep giang day mdn Hoa hoc 10 viec nang cao chat lugng bai giang cua minh Chung tdi rat mong nhan dugc y kien ddng gdp cua quy thay, cd giao va ban dgc gan xa de cudn sach dUdc hoan thien hdn TAC GIA ON TAP OAU NAM A IVIUCTIEU Kien thCifc • He thdng lai cac khai niem, kien thiic co ban ma HS da dugc hge b THCS • On lai cac dang bai tap co ban HS-da dugc hge, eac e6ng thiie thucmg diing de tinh toan KT nang • Ren luyen kl nang lam mdt sd bai tap co liSn quan de'n ca'u tao nguydn i\i • KT nang lam bai toan tinh theo phuong trinh co sir dung de'n c6ng thurc tinh ti khdi cua chat khi, cong thiJc tfnh ndng moi, ndng d6 ph^n tram ciia dung dich B CHUAN B! C O A GIAO VIEN VA HOC SINH GV: • May chie'u, gia'y trong, but da • He thdng cau hoi, bai tap HS: On tap lai cac ngi dung kie'n thiic co ban da hge b THCS C TIEN TRINH BAI GIANG Hogt dong ciia GV Hogt dong cua HS Hoat dgng KIEN THUC CAN ON TAP GV: Chie'u len man hinh cac ngi dung HS: Nghe va bie't duge nhirng kie'n thiic CO ban can dugc on lai tie't hge chinh c^n 6n tap tie't hge: -Nguyen tir -Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen td hoa hge - Nguyen td hoa hge - Hoa tri cua nguyen td - Phan loai cac cha't v6 co - Dinh luat bao toan khdi lugng -Moi -Ti khdi cua cac chat -Dung dich GV: On tap chi tie't timg ph^n: I.NGUYEN Tir GV: Chie'u len man hinh cau hoi va HS: Thao luan yeu cau HS cac nhom thao luan vao gia'y trong: a) Nguyen tu la gi? a) Nguyen tii la cac hat v6 ciing nho be tao nen cac chat b) Nguyen' tit dugc tao bdi hat nhan mang dien tich duong va Idfp vo co m6t hay nhieu electron mang dien tfch am c) Dac diem cua cac hat ca'u tao nen + Electron: -Kfhieu:e nguyen tii? -Dien tfch 1- Khdi lucmg rat nhd + Hat nhan: gdm co hat proton va notron + Hat proton: - Kf hieu p -Dien tfch: + - Khdi lugng ~ u (hay dvC) -Trong nguyen tur sd hat proton = sd hat electron + Hat ncftron: -Kfhieu:n -Khdng mang dien Khdi lugng: « u (h^y dvC) b) Ca'u tao cua nguyen txxl GV: Chie'u len man hinh y kie'n da thdng nhat ciia cac nhom NGUYEN TO HOA HOC GV: Ggi mgt HS nhdc lai khai niem ve nguyen td hoa hge, GV chie'u len man hinh HS: Neu khai niem: - Nguyen td hoa hge la tap hgp nhiing nguyen tii co ciing sd hat proton hat nhan - Nhiing nguyen tii cua cung mgt nguyen td hoa hge co tfnh chat hoa hge gidng HO A TRI CUA MOT NGUYEN TLT GV: Neu cau hdi va chieu len man hinh: HS: Tra ldi - Hoa tri la gi? Hoa tri: La sd hien thi kha nang lien ke't ciia nguyen tir nguyen td vdi nguyen tir cua nguyen td khac - Q u y tac hoa tri? - Q u y tac hoa tri: ^ GV ggi HS tra ldi a b VD: Trong cong thurc: A^ B ta ed: ax = by GV: Yeu cau HS lam bai tap (GV chie'u de bai len man hinh) Bdi tap 1: Tfnh hoa tri ciia cac nguyen td cac hgp chat: MnOj, PbO, Pb02, NH3, H2S, SO2, SO3 (bie't hoa tri cua oxi la 2, cua hidro la 1) HS: Lam bai tap vao vd GV: Ggi mgt HS xac dinh hoa tri cua cac nguyen td cac hgp chat tren DINH LUAT BAO TOAN GV: Neu cau hdi (GV chie'u ngi dung cau hdi len man hinh): KHOI LUONG - Ngi dung ciia dinh luat bao toan khdi HS: Neu ngi dung ciia dinh luat bao lugng? toan khdi lugng GV: Chie'u len man hinh: VD: Ta cd phuong trinh phan iing A + B ^ C + D + E Theo dinh luat bao toan khdi lugng, ta cd: m^ + mg = m,- + m^ + m^ GV: Yeu cau HS lam bai tap ap dung (GV chie'u de bai len man hinh) Bdi tap 2: Cho 1,21 gam hdn hgp A gdm Mg, Zn, Cu, tac dung hoan toan vdi oxi du, thu dugc hdn hgp cha't ran B cd khdi lugng 1,61 gam Tfnh the tfch dung dich HCl IM tdi thieu can dung de hoa tan B GV: Ggi HS neu hudng din giai, GV HS: Phat bieu cac y kie'n de tim chie'u phin ggi y (cac budc lam) len hudng lam bai man hinh: -Vie't cac phuong trinh phan iimg - A p dung dinh luat bao toan khdi lugng de tfnh khdi lugng oxi da phan ling -Tim mdi lien quan giiia sd moi oxi phan ling va sd moi cua axit HCl -Tfnh the tfch dd HCl IM can diing HS: Lam bai tap theo y kien da thdng nha't ma GV chieu tren man hinh: Gidi: VTPJJ: 2Mg + O2 x 0,5x -> 2MgO 2Zn + O - -> 2ZnO y 0,5y (1) X y (2) C TIEN TRINH BAI GIANG Hogt dgng cda GV Hogt dgng cda HS Hoat dgng I KIEM TRA B A I CU - CHUA B A I T A P VE N H A GV: Kiem tra If thuydt HS 1: Neu dinh nghia phan iing oxi hoa - khir ? Dinh nghia chat khir, chai oxi hoa, su khir, su oxi hoa ? Cho vf du minh hoa HSl: Tra ldi If thuydt GV: Ggi HS len chifa bai tap HS2: Chifa bai tap (a, b, e) +4 +7 a) Na2 SO3 + K M n + H +6 +4 -> Na2 S O4 + Mn02 + KOH Qua trinh oxi hoa va qua trinh khir: +4 +6 3x S ^ S + 2e 2x Mn + 3e -> Mn +7 +4 Na2S03 la chat khir KMn04 la chai oxi hoa H2O la mdi trudng +4 3Na2 S O3 + 2KMn04 + H2O +6 +4 -^ 3Na2 SO4 + M n + 2K0H +2 +6 b) FeS04 + K2Cr2 07 + H2SO4 -> Fe2(S04)3 +2 +K2SO4+ Cr2(S04)3 + H +3 x Fe -^ Fe + le +6 +3 2Cr+ e ^ C r FeS04 la chai khir K2Cr207 la chai oxi hoa H2SO4 la mdi trudng 155 F e S +K2Cr2 O, +7H2SO4 -> Fe2 (SO4 )3 + K2SO4 + Cr2 (SO4 )3 + 7H2O +5 +2 +4 e) Cu + H N O3 ^ C u ( N )2 + N O2 + H2O +2 Cu - ^ Cu + 2e 2x +.') +4 N + le ^ N Cu: chai khir HNO3 la chat oxi hoa va la mdi trudng +5 +2 +4 Cu + H N O ^ C u ( N O ) + N O + H HS2: ChiJa bai tap sd (d, e, g, h) d) +5 +2 +2 CU + H N O ^ C u ( N 0' 33 ^)22 + N + H +2 x Cu ^ - Cu + 2e +5 ' 2x +2 N + 3e-^N Cu : Chat khir HNO3 : Chai oxi hoa va mdi trudng Hoan phuong trinh : 3Cu + 8HNO3 -^ 3Cu(N03)2 + N + 4H2O +5 +3 e) Fe3 O4 + H N O3 -> Fe (N03)3 +2 + N O + 4H,0 3 X +3 Fe ^^ Fe + e +5 +2 N +3e N Hoan phuong trinh : 156 3Fe304 + 28HNO3 -> 9Fe(N03)3 + NO + I4H2O Chat khir: Fe304 Chai oxi hoa va mdi trudng: HNO3 g) Fe + H S , , ->Fe2(S04)3 +4 + S O2 + H2O +0 2x +3 Fe ^ Fe +3e +6 +4 S+2e-> S X Chai khir: Fe Chat oxi hoa va mdi trudng: H2SO4 Hoan phuong trinh : 2Fe + 6H2S04d„ -> Fe2(S04)3 + SSOj + 6H2O -1 +1 h) CI2 + NaOH -> Na Cl + Na Cl O + H,0 Cl Cl + le -I Cl + l e - > Cl CI2 la chat khir ddng thdi la chai oxi hoa X NaOH la mdi trudng Hoan phuong trinh : CL + 2NaOH -> NaCl + NaClO + H , GV: Td ehiic de cac HS khac nhan xet, cha'm diem P H A N Hoat dgng UNG CO Sl/THAY DOI SO 0X1 HOA v A P H A N KHONG CO S U T H A Y DOI SO OXI HOA GV: Chidu len man hinh dd bai tap va yeu eau cac nhdm thao luan de hoan bai tap UNG HS: Thao luan nhdm va lam bai tap 157 Bdi tap 1: Cho cae so dd phan ung: HS: a) Al + AgN03 -> A1(N03)3 + Ag 1) Xac dinh sd oxi hoa ciia cac nguyen td: b) KNO3 ^ ^ KNO2 + O2 c) CaCO, d) Fe + CL -> CaO + CO^ +1 +5 - -> FeCl3 +3 +5 -2 „ +1 +3 - b) K N O , - i - ^ K N O , + , e) Na20 + H2O -^ NaOH ¥2 +4 - f) Na2S04 + BaCL -^ BaS04 + NaCl g) MgS04 + NaOH -^ Mg(0H)2 + Na2S04 h) Zn + HCl -^ ZnCl2 + H2 1) Xac dinh so oxi hoa ciia cae nguyen td cac phan iing tren va cho bidt: Phan ifng nao ed su thay ddi sd oxi hoa eiia cac nguyen to? Phan ling nao khdng cd su thay ddi sd oxi hoa eiia eac nguyen to? 3) Hoan eac phuong trinh phan ling tren f2 - +4 -2 c) C a C ^ — > C a O + C 0 +3 -1 d) Fe + C l + -2 ->FeCl +1 - +1 - + e) Na2 + H2 ^ N a O H +1+6-2 +2-1 +2+6-2 +1-1 f) Na2 S + B a C l ^ B a S + NaCl +2 +6 - +1 - + +2 - +i g) M g S + N a O H ^ M g ( O H ) +1 +6-2 + Na2 S O4 2) Cho bidt mdi phan ifng hoa hge d tren thudc loai phan ifng nao? 4) Nhan xet +1 +5 - a) Cl + A g N - > A l ( N ) + A g +1 - +2 -I h) Zn + H C l ^ Z n C l + H * Trong cac phan iing tren: Phan ling a, b, d, h cd su thay ddi sd oxi hoa ciia eac nguyen td Phan ling c, e, f, g khdng cd su thay ddi sd oxi hoa ciia cac nguyen to 2) Cho bidt mdi phan iing hoa hge d tren thudc loai phan ting nao? Phan ling a, h thudc loai phan iing thd Phan ling b, c la phan iing phan buy Phan ling d, e la phan iing hoa hgp Phan ifng f, g la phan ung trao ddi 3) Hoan cac phuong trinh phan ifng: + +3 a) Al + A g N - ^ A l ( N ) + A g 158 +3 Al->Al + 3e +1 Ag + l e ^ Ag X Phan ifng sau hoan thanh: + +3 Al + Ag NO3 -^ A1(N03 )3 + Ag +3 +5 -2 -> K N O'2 , + , b) KNO3 +5 2x +3 N + 2e->N -2 20-^02+4e Phan ling sau hoan thanh: +5 - 2KNO3 ^2KN02+02 +3 d) Fe + CL -1 ->FeCl +3 Fe ^ Fe + 3e -1 Cl2+2e^2Cl X Phan ling sau hoan thanh: 0 +3 2Fe+3CL + -I ->2FeCL +2 h) Zn + H C l - ^ Z n C L + H , +2 X Zn -^Zn + 2e X 2H + e ^ H , +1 Phan ling sau hoan thanh: +1 +2 Zn + 2HCl->ZnCl2 + H2 * Cae phan ung khdng cd su thay ddi sd oxi hoa: e) CaC03 t -> CaO + CO, 159 e) Na20 + H2O -^ 2NaOH g) MgS04 + 2NaOH -^ Mg(OH)2 + Na2S04 GV: Hudng din de HS rut nhan xet (GV chidu len man hinh) HS: 4) Nhan xet Dua vao su thay ddi sd oxi hoa, ed the chia phan iing hoa hge loai: - Phan ling hoa hge ed su thay ddi sd oxi hoa (phan iing oxi hoa - khir) Phan ling thd, mdt sd phan iing phan huy, mdt sd phan ifng hoa hgp thudc loai phan ifng - Phan ling hoa hge khdng ed su thay ddi sd oxi hoa (phan iing khdng phai la phan iing oxi hoa - khir) Phan ling trao ddi, mdt so phan iing hoa hgp va mdt so phan iing phan buy thuoc loai II PHAN Hoat dgng UNG TOA NHIET v A P H A N GV: Td ehiic cho HS dgc SGK va phat bieu ve cac ndi dung sau (GV chidu len man hinh): UNG THU NHIET HS: Dgc SGK va neu dinh nghia phan ling toa nhiet, phan iing thu nhiet - Dinh nghia phan iing toa nhiet - Dinh nghia phan iing thu nhiet -^ GV ggi HS phat bieu Phuong trinh nhiet hod hge GV: Gidi thieu va chidu len man hinh cac ndi dung sau: - De chi lugng nhiet kem theo mdi phan ling hoa hge, ngudi ta diing dai lugng nhiet phan ifng, ki hieu AH + Phan ling toa nhiet ed A H < + Phan ifng thu nhiet cd AH > 160 HS: Nghe va ghi bai - Phuong trinh phan ifng ed ghi them gia tri AH va trang thai ciia cac chai dugc ggi la phuong trinh nhiet hoa hoc Hoat dgng CUNG CO GV: Chidu len man hinh de bai tap va yeu eau HS lam bai tap vao vd Bdi tap 2: Trong cac phan iing sau, phan ling nao la phan ifng oxi hoa khir? Hay hoan cae phuong trinh phan iing dd a) Mn02 + H Q ^ M n a + H2O + b) H2S + SO2 -> S + H2O c) FeC03 + HNO3 -> Fe(N03)3 + NO2 + CO2 + H2O HS: Lam bai tap vao vd + Cac phuong trinh phan iing oxi hoa khir gdm: a, b, e + Can bang cac phuong trinh phan ifng: a) +4 Mn O2 + 4H Cl ^ Mn CI2 + 2H2O + CI2 Mn + e ^ M n d) FeC03 + HCl -^ FeCL + H2O + CO2 Xac dinh vai trd cua timg chat phan ling GV: Ggi mdt HS len chifa tren bang hoac chidu bai lam ciia mdt sd HS len man hinh +2 • +4 X -1 X 2Cl-^Cl2 + 2e Trong dd: MnO, la chat oxi hoa HCl la chai khir va mdi trudng -2 +4 b) 2H, S + S O' 2, - > S + H , -2 2x S - > S + 2e +4 S02+4e^S 1x SO2 la chai oxi hoa HTS la chai khir +3 +4 e) Fe CO3 + 4H N O3 -> Fe(N03 )3 + N O2 + CO2+2H2O +2 X +3 Fe ->Fe +le +5 +4 N+ l e ^ N 161 HNO3 la chat oxi hoa va mdi trudng FeC03 la chat khir GV: Ggi cac em HS khac nhan xet, GV cham diem Hoat dgng Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, (SGK trang 110) Phu luc PHI^U Hpc TAP Bai tap //Cho cac phan irng: a) Al + AgNOj ^ AI(N03)3 + Ag b) KNO3 - ^ c) CaCOj KNO, + , -> CaO + CO, d)Fe + Cl2 ^ - -> FeCl3 e) Na20 + H2O ^NaOH f) Na2S04 + BaCl2 - ^ BaSO^ + NaCl g) MgS04 + NaOH-> Mg(0H)2 + Na2S0, h) Zn + HCl-> ZnClj + H2 1) Xac dinh sd oxi hoa ciia cac nguyen td cac phan ifng tren va cho biet: Phan irng nao co sg thay ddi sd oxi hoa cua cac nguyen td? Phan irng nao khdng co sg thay ddi sd oxi hoa ciia cac nguyen td? 2) Cho biet mdi phan irng hoa hoc b tren thuoc loai phan irng nao? 3) Hoan cac phuang trinh phan irng tren 4) Nhan xet Bai tap 2: Trong cac phan irng sau, phan irng nao la phan irng oxi hoa - khir? Hay hoan cac phuang trinh phan irng a) Mn02 + HCl - ^ MnClj + HjO + CI2 b) H2S + SO2 -> S + H2O c) FeCOs + HNO3 ^ Fe(N03)3 + NO2 + CO2 + HjO d) FeC03 + HCl - ^ FeCl2 + H,0 + CO2 Xac djnh vai tro ciia tUng chat phan Ung 162 LUYEN TAP CHl/ONG 127 A MUCTIEU Cung CO kien thCfc • Phan loai phan iing hoa hge Nhiet ciia phan iing hoa hge, phan iing toa nhiet, phan ifng thu nhiet Phan ling oxi hoa khir, chat oxi hoa, chat khir, su oxi hoa, su khir Ren kl nang Lap phuong trinh cua phan ung oxi hoa - khir theo phuong phap thang bang electron B.TIEN TRINH BAI GIANG Hogt dgng cda HS Hogt dgng cda GV Hoat dgng A KIEN THUC CAN NAM VUNG GV: Yeu cau HS nhae lai cac ndi dung CO ban sau: 1) Dinh nghia phan iing oxi hoa - khir? Khai niem ve chat khir, chai oxi hoa 2) Phan loai phan iing hoa hge? GV: Ggi hge sinh nhae lai lan lugt cac HS: Thao luan nhdm va ghi lai ndi ndi dung tren hoac cho HS thao luan dung kidn thiie can nam vifng nhdm Hoat dgng B BAITAP GV: Yeu cau HS lam cac bai tap 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, (SGK trang 113) HS: Lam bai tap vao vd GV: Ggi HS tra ldi bai tap 1, (SGK trang 112) HS: Lam bai (SGK trang 112): chgn dap an C Sau dd HS len bang lan lugt lam eac Bdi : chgn dap an C bai tap 4, 5, 6, 7, (SGK trang 113) 163 Bdi 4: Thi du vd phan iing phan buy tao ra: a) Hai don chat: + -2 2H2O ^^,j^ha^^2H2+02 b) Hai hgp chat : +2 - +2 + - Ca C O2 +4-2 ->CaO + C e) Mdt don chat va mdt hgp cha't : +1 +5 -2 2KCIO2 + -1 ->2KCl + 302 Trong cac phan iing tren: phan Ung a, c la phan iing oxi hoa - khir, vi cd su thay ddi sd oxi hoa Phan ling b khdng phai la phan iing oxi hoa khir vi khdng cd su thay ddi sd oxi hoa cua cac nguyen td Bdi 5: Thi du vd phan iing hoa hgp eiia: a) Hai don chat: Fe + 3CL - -> 2FeCl b) Hai hgp chai : P2O3 + 3H2O -> 2H3PO4 e) Mdt ddn chat va mdt hgp chat : 2FeCL CL 12 ^+ *—I? 2FeCL ^ ^'^^'3 Phan ling a, c la phan iing oxi hoa khir Phan ling b khdng phai la phan ling oxi hoa khir Bdi 6: Thf du ve phan iing tao mudi tir: a) Hai don chat: 2Na + S '" > Na2S b) Hai hgp chai : MgO + 2HC1 -^ MgCL + H-,0 164 c) Mdt don chat va mdt hgp chai : 2A1 + 6HC1 -> AICI3 + 3H2 Phan li'ng a, c la phan iing oxi hoa khir vi cd su thay ddi sd oxi hoa Phan ling b khdng la phan iing oxi hoa khir vi khdng cd su thay ddi sd oxi hoa ciia eac nguyen to Bdi 9: +1 +1 -I -I a) NaClO + K I+H2SO4->l2+NaCl + K2SO4 + H2O X I ^l2+2e +1 -I Cl + e ^ C l Phuong trinh sau hoan thanh: NaClO + 2KI + H2SO4 -> I2 + NaCl + K2SO4 + H2O +3 +5 b) Cr2 O3 + K N O3 + KOH +6 +3 ^ K C r + K N + H20 +3 +6 Cr - ^ Cr + 6e +5 +3 N + 2e -> N Phuong trinh sau hoan thanh: Cr203 + 3KNO3 + K H -> 2K2Cr04 + 3KNO2 + 2H2O c) 8A1 + 3Fe304 ^ 4AI2O3 + 9Fe d) 4FeS2 +1IO2 ^ 2Fe203 + SSO, e) 4Mg + IOHNO3 -^ 4Mg(N03)2' + NH4NO3 + H , GV: To chiic dd HS ldp nhan xet bai lam eiia HS, GV cham diem Hoat dgng GV: Bai tap vd nha: 4, 7, 8, 10, 11 (SGK trang 113) 165 BAI THL/C HANH SO PHAN LfNG OXI HOA, KHLf BM28 A MUCTIEU • Tidp tuc tap luyen ki nang thuc hanh thf nghiem, quan sat, nhan xet va giai thfch cac hien tugng xay lam thf nghiem • Van dung kidn thifc da hge dugc de giai thfch cac hien tugng xay cae phan ifng oxi hoa - khir B CHUAN Bl CUA GIAO VIEN VA HOC SINH GV: Dung cii thi nghiim: - Ong nghiem Caspun sii hdac hdm sii - Kep lay hoa chat - Ong hiit nhd gigt - Thia xiic hoa chai - Den cdn Hod chdt: - Zn vien (hat) - Dung dich HCl, H2SO4 loang - Dung dich CUSO4 - Dung dich KMn04 loang - Fe (dinh loai 1,5cm) - Bang (day) Mg - Dung dich FeS04 - Lo chiia khf CO^ C TIEN TRINH BAI GIANG Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cda HS Hoat dgng 1 NOI DUNG THI NGHIEM v A c A C H TIEN GV: Gidi thieu ndi dung cac thf nghiem can lam va each tidn hanh Hudng dan hge sinh quan sat va ghi tudng trinh theo mSu sau: 166 HANH HS: Nghe va ghi bai, chuan bi thuc hanh Hien tifdng + phi/dng TT Cach tie'n hanh Ten thi nghiem Phan irng giOa kim loai va dung dich axit Phan irng giira kim loai va dung djch mudi Phan irng oxi iioa khir giifa Mg va CO2 Phan irng oxi hoa khir moi truang axit trinh phan irng Hoat dgng HOC SINH LAM THUC HANH THEO NHOM Hoat dgng VIET TUONG TRINH VA THU DON PHONG THUC HANH 167 MUC LUC Ldi ndi dau Tiet On tap dau nam Tiet On tap dau nam (tiep) : 11 Chudng NGUYEN TCT Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Biti Bai Bai Bai Thanh phan nguyen tir Hat nhan nguyen tU, nguyen td hoa hoc Ddng vi Nguyen tg khdi va nguyen tir khdi trung binh Sg chuyen dong ciia electron nguyen tCr Obitan nguyen tir ' Luyen tap ve: Thanh phan ca'u tao nguyen tir, khdi lugng cua nguyen tCr, obitan nguyen tg Ldp va phan Idp electron Nang lugng ciia cac electron nguyen tu" Cau hinh electron nguyen tir Nang lugng ciia cac electron nguyen tir Cau hinh electron nguyen tCr (tiep theo) , Luyen tap chuong Chirdng BANG TUAN Bai Bai Bai Bai 10 11 12 Bai 13 Bai 14 Bai 15 HOAN CAC 19 24 29 34 38 44 48 55 61 NGUYEN TO HOA HOC VA DINH LUAT TUAN H O A N Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen td hoa hpc 67 Sg bien ddi tuan hoan cau hinh electron nguyen tir cua cac nguyen td hoa hoc 73 Su bien ddi mot sd dai lugng vat li ciia cac nguyen td hoa hpc 79 Sg bien ddi tinh kim loai, tinh phi kim ciia cac nguyen td hoa hoc Dinh luat tuan hoan 84 y nghTa cua bang tuan hoan cac nguyen td hoa hoc 92 Luyen tap chuong 99 Bai thuc hanh sd 1: IVIgt sd thao tac thgc hanh thi nghiem hoa hpc Su bien ddi tinh chai cua cac nguyen td chu ki va nhdm 105 C h u d n g LIEN KET HOA HOC Bai 16 Khai niem ve lien ket hoa hpc Lien ket ion 108 Bai 17 Lien ket cdng hoa tri 114 Bai 18 Sg lai hoa cac obitan nguyen tir Sg hinh lien ket don, lien ket ddi va lien ket ba 120 Bai 19 Luyen tap ve lien ket ion Lien kei cong hoa tri Lai hoa cac obitan nguyen tir 125 Bai 20 Tinh the nguyen tir Tinh the phan tuf 129 Bai 21 Hieu am dien va lien ket hoa hoc 131 Bai 22 Hoa tri va sd oxi hoa 134 Bai 23 Lien ket kim loai 139 Bai 24 Luyen tap chuong 141 Bai Bai Bai Bai 168 25 26 27 28 Chudng PHAN L/NG HOA HOC Phan gng oxi hoa - khir Phan loai phan dng hoa hoc vd co Luyen tap chucng Bai thUc hanh sd 2: Phan dng oxi hoa, k h ^ 147 154 163 166 Sach lien ket vdi Cong ty CO phan In va Phat hanh sach Viet Nam P TlitattBGIio4lipcNC10Tl INPHAVI Phat hanh tai Cong ty co phan In va Phat hanh sach Viet I Dia chi : 78 - Dong Cac - Dong Da - Ha Noi DT : (04) 5.11 5921 - Fax : (04) 5.11 5921 2014088 19.000 D Gia: 19.000d [...]... xung quanh hat nhan GV: Chie'u tCmg ph^n ndi dung cua bang 1. 1 len man hinh Khdi lugng va dien tfch cua cac hat tao nen nguyen tir Vo nguyen ti^ Hat nhdn Die tinh hat Electron (e) Dien tfch (q) Khdi lirgng (m) Proton (p) qe = -1, 62 .10 " ''C qp = -1, 62 .10 " ''C hayqe =1- hayqp = 1+ me = 9 ,10 9 4 .10 " ''kg mp= 1, 6726 .10 " " kg Ncrtron (n) qn = 0 mn= 1, 6748 .10 " " kg GV: Yeu c5u HS nhin vao bang, so HS: Nhan xet: sanh... Hoat dgng 1 KIEM TRA B A I CU - CHUA B A I TAP VE N H A GV: Ki^m tra If thuyet HS 1: HSl: Lam bai tap va ghi lai d gdc bang Hay cho biet sd proton, sd electron, ben phai sd notron cua cae nguyen tir sau: 1 TT 2 T t 3 TT 35 /-.I 37 f~l1 (GV yeu cSu HS dien vao bang va liru lai d gdc bang phai) Ki hieu nguyen ti^ So proton So electron So ncrtron |H 1 1 0 ^H 1 1 1 ^H 1 1 2 "Cl 17 17 18 ;?ci 17 17 20 29... hinh: A=Z+N - Ggi mgt HS giai thfch GV: Chie'u de bai tap 1 len man hinh Bdi tap 1: HS: Lam bai tap 1: Hat nhan nguyen tir natri cd 11 proton va 12 notron Hay cho biet: - D i e n tfch hat nhan: 11 + - S d don vi dien tfch hafnhan: 11 - D i e n tfch hat nhan - S d electron: 11 25 - Sd don vi dien tfch hat nhan So khdi: - Sd electron A = N + Z = 1 1 + 12 = 23 - S d khdi ciia natri GV: Chieu de bai tap 2 len... khoang 10 nm) + Dudng kfnh ciia electron va proton cdn nhd hon nhieu (khoang 10 " ^nm) Electron chuye'n dgng xung quanh hat nhan trong khong gian rdng ciia nguyen tir (nguyen tir cd ca'u tao rdng) GV: Gidi thieu va chie'u len man hinh HS: Nghe va ghi bai 2 Khdi lugng - Khdi lugng cua 1 nguyen tir ddng vi cacbon la: 1 9 , 9 2 0 6 1 0 ' - \ g = 12 dvC 22 HS: GV: Vay 1 dvC bang bao nhieu kg? 1 dvC = 19 ,9206 .10 . .. nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (SGK trang 10 , 11 ) Phu luc PHI^UHQCTAP Bai tap 1: Hat nhan nguyen tO natri c6 11 proton va 12 natron Hay cho biet: Bai tap 2: a) Dien tich hat nhan b) Sd don vj dien tich hat nhSn c) Sd electron c) Sd khdi ciia natri Hay dien tiep cac sd lieu cdn thieu vao bang sau: Nguyen tur So don vj dien tich hat nhan So proton So notron So electron So khdi (A) Kali 19 39 Cio 17 35 Luu huynh 16 ... (3) z MgO + 2HC1 -> MgCl2 + H2O X 2x ZnO + 2HC1 ^ ZnCl2 + H2O y (5) 2y CuO + 2HC1 -> CuCU +2H2O z (4) (6) 2z Theo dinh luat bao toan khdi lugng: ntoj (P^) = ms - niA = 1, 61- 1, 21 = 0 , 4 gam "02 (Pu^) = - ^ = 0, 012 5 moi Ggi sd moi Mg, Zn, Cu cd trong 1, 21 gam hdn hgp lan lugt la x, y, z Theo phuong trinh: ta tha'y "HC! ^^n dung = 4 X nQ (pu) = 4 x 0 , 0 1 2 5 = 0,05 moi V dd HCl n 0,05 -M 1 = 0,05 (lit)... dvC = 19 ,9206 .10 -27 12 -27, « 1, 66005 .10 "'kg HS: Theo ddi tren man hinh, nghe va ghi bai: GV: La'y VD va chie'u len man hinh Vf du: khdi lugng ciia 1 nguyen tir -27, hidro la 1, 6735 .10 ""kg « lu GV: Yeu cdu HS lam bai tap 1 (GV chie'u de bai len man hinh) Bdi tap 1: HS: Lam bai tap vao vd: a) Nguyen tir magie cd khdi lugng bao nhieu kg? a) Khdi lugng ciia mgt nguyen tir magie la 1 dvC -^ Khdi lugng... hat nhan, sd proton, sd notron va sd electron ciia nguyen tir cd kf hieu sau: ^ ) ^°Ca; 20 31 c) - P ; b)'^F d) 80 Br e)f,K (GV cd the hudng dan HS lam bai bang each ke bang) 27 Kl hieu nguyen tir So don vj dien tich hat nhan Sop Son Soe 20'^d 20 20 20 20 19 p 9 9 10 9 > 15 15 16 15 ' > 35 35 45 35 39 k- 19 19 20 19 GV: Chie'u bai lam ciia m6t sd nhdm HS len man hinh va nhan xet Hoat dgng 7 CUNG CO HS:... 2M b) Phuong trinh phan iing trung hoa: 2NaOH + H2SO4 -^ Na2S04 + 2H^O 14 Sd moi NaOH can dung la: nNoOH = C M x V = 2 x 0,05 = 0 ,1 moi Theo phuong trinh: = - x O , l =0,05 moi 2 m H so, = n X M = 0,05 x 98 = 4,9 gam " HjSO, - : T "NaOH 1 Khdi lugng dung dich H2SO4 can dung la: m - r,r.r» m j d = - ^ ^ x 10 0 % 4,9 X 10 0 % = - 19 ,6 X 10 0 % C% 25 gam GV: Chieu bai lam ciia mgt sd HS len man hinh, nhan xet... ciia nguyen tir (Ne'u cd dieu kien, GV cd the chuan bi de chie'u cac hinh 1. 1, 1. 2, 1. 3 len man hinh) C TIEN TRINH BAI GIANG Hogt dgng ciia GV Hogt dgng cua HS Hoat dgng 1 1 T H A N H P H A N C A U TAO CUA NGUYEN TlT 1 Electron GV: Chie'u len man hinh muc tieu ciia tie't hge GV: Chie'u len man hinh: HS: Nghe va ghi bai Hinh 1. 1; 1. 2 va thuye't trinh ve thf a) Su tim ra electron nghiem tim ra tia am cue, ... lirgng (m) Proton (p) qe = -1, 62 .10 " ''C qp = -1, 62 .10 " ''C hayqe =1- hayqp = 1+ me = 9 ,10 9 4 .10 " ''kg mp= 1, 6726 .10 " " kg Ncrtron (n) qn = mn= 1, 6748 .10 " " kg GV: Yeu c5u HS nhin vao bang, so HS: Nhan... Chira bai tap (SGK trang 14 ) 4, (SGK trang 14 ) Nguyen tijf So proton 2^Sr ,4 or 14 14 14 14 o i 14 15 14 ^°Si 14 16 14 26 ^^ 26 28 26 26 ^^ 26 30 "Fe 26 31 26 26 32 26 14 OI 26 ' ^ ''Fe 26 ^^... 24x78,99 + 25x10 + 26x 11, 01 10 0 = 24,32 44 b) Trong hdn hgp cd 50 nguyen tir ^'^Mg; sd nguyen tir ddng vi ^'^ Mg la: 78,99x50 = 395 10 Sd nguyen tir ddng vi ^^ Mg la: 11 ,01x50 10 = 55 GV: Ggi