Phần thứ 2 của tài liệu INVERSION ĐẢO NGỮ NÂNG CAO gồm các mẫu câu đảo ngữ từ cơ bản đến nâng cao, từ những mẫu câu thường gặp đến những mẫu câu phức tập, thường có trong đề thi học sinh giỏi. Là tài liệu bổ ích cho các em học sinh lớp 9 đang ôn thi học sinh giỏi và thi vào lớp 10 chuyên
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5 Đảo ngữ với: No sooner … Than; Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely… When/before ( Vừa mới ….thì…)
No sooner + Auxiliary + S + V + than + clause
Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely + Auxiliary + S + V + when/before + clause
I had no sooner arrived home than the phone rang => No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang
I had hardly arrived home when the phone rang => Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang 1/ He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk
No sooner……… 2/She just had time to put up her umbrella before the rain came down in torrents
No sooner……… 3/She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her
Hardly……… 4/ Someone rang the alarm as soon as the burglars left the building
No sooner……… 5/ Tear gas was released as soon as the thieves touched the safe
No sooner……… 6/ Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill
No sooner……… 7.I had hardly put the phone down when the boss rang back
Hardly……… 8.She had hardly begun her performance when the light went out
No sooner………
6 Đảo ngữ với Not only…… but ….also (không những…… mà còn… )
Not only + auxiliary + S + Verb (inf) + but …… Also…
Eg He is not only good at English but he can also draw very well.=> Not only is he good at English but
he can also draw very well
Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly
7 Đảo ngữ với SO và SUCH:
a/ Đảo ngữ với SO: So + adj/adv + Au + S + that + clause
He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch
So hard did he work that he forgot his lunch
The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night
So popular is the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night
1 It is so hot that you can fry an egg on the pavement
So………
2 Her grief was so great that she almost fainted
So………
3 The demand was so great that they had to reprint the book
So………
INVERSION – ĐẢO NGỮ - P2
Trang 24 She became so suspicious that she didn’t believe whatever her husband said
So………
………
5 He walked so quickly that I couldn’t keep up with him
So………
6 He spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear him
So………
7 He drove so carelessly that he caused twenty four accidents while he was learning to drive
So……… 8.We got home so late that it was not worth going to bed
So………
b/ Đảo ngữ với SUCH: Such + Be + Noun + that + clause
The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night
Such is the popularity of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night
She is so beautiful that I can’t take my eyes off her
Such is her beauty that I can’t take my eyes off her
Notes: Trong trường hợp Be + so much/ great Such + be + Noun ( S)
The force of the storm was so great that trees were uprooted
Such was the force of the storm that trees were uprooted
Her grief is so great that she almost fainted
Such is her grief that she almost fainted
1 He was so intelligent that he could answer all the questions in “ Who wants to become a
millionaire?”
Such………
2 She is so attractive that many boys follow her
Such………
3 The hurricane winds were so strong that no building in the town escaped damage
Such………
8.Đảo ngữ với Not until/till ( then/ later)
Not until/till + Clause + Au + S + V
Then/later/ Adv of time
He couldn’t speak until he was 8
It was not until he was 8 that he could speak
Not until/till he was eight could he speak
1 I didn’t know that I had lost my key until I got home
It was not until……… Not until………
2 He forgot about the gun until he got to the police station
Not until………
3 He didn’t return to his country until last June
Not till………
4 The editor didn’t celebrate until he got promotion in writing
Not until………
Trang 3I didn’t know where I was till I asked a passer-by
Not until………
It was onlt when the office phoned me that I found out about the meeting
Not until………
9 Đảo ngữ với neither/nor và so
Khi NEITHER/NOR đứng ở đầu một mệnh đề thì ta thực hiện đảo ngữ NEITHER/NOR dùng cho câu phủ định, còn SO dùng cho câu khẳng định
Eg:
They don't like meat, and neither/nor do I I can’t sing nor can I play any musical instruments
I don’t like him, nor do I hate him She can play the guitar, and so can I
10 Đảo ngữ với NOWHERE
Nowhere + Au + S + V
You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones
Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones
Nowhere in the world is the climate as rough as that in the North Pole
Nowhere do I feel as comfortable as I do at home
11 Đảo ngữ trong so sánh với as và than
Eg:
The cake was excellent, as was the coffee, (or the coffee was)
I thought,'as did my friend, that the exam would be difficult, (or as my friend did)
Germany has more company—cars on its roads than does France, [or than France (does)]
Notes:
Ta thường dùng đảo ngữ sau AS va THAN trong ngôn ngữ viết trang trọng (formal written
language)
Không dùng đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là đại từ (pronoun)
Eg:
We now know a lot more about the Universe than we did ten years ago ( không dùng than did we
ten years ago)
12.Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện (Inversion in Conditional Sentences)
Trong câu điều kiện ta chỉ thực hiện đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề với If (If clause) Với mỗi loại câu điều kiện, ta có từng cách đảo ngữ riêng
a Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại I (type I)
If+S +(should)+ V -> Should + S + Vinfinitive
Eg:
- If you should hear the fire'alarm, leave the building at once Should you hear the fire
alarm, leave the building at once
- If he has cheated, he will have to be punished Should he have cheated, he will have to
be punished
b Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại II (type II)
* Câu có động từ "to be": If + S + were > Were + S
Eg:
1 I f / were you, I wouldn't do that Were I you, I wouldn't do that
2 If Alan were to eat breakfast, he wouldn't overeat at lunch Were Alan to eat breakfast, he
wouldn't overeat at lunch
Trang 4* Câu dùng động từ thường:
If + S + Ved/irregular verb Were + S + to Vinfinitive
Eg:
If he worked more slowly, he wouldn't make many mistakes
Were he to work more slowly, he wouldn't make many mistakes
c Câu điều kiện loại III (type III)
If + S + had Ved2 Had + S + Ved2
Eg:
If they had realized the danger, they would have done it differently
Had they realized the danger, they would have done it differently
Notes: V6i những câu điều kiện phủ định, khi đảo ngữ ta để NOT sau chủ ngữ
Eg:
- If you don't believe what I say, ask your mother Should you not believe what I say, ask your mother
- If she were not shy, she would enjoy parties Were she not shy, she would enjoy parties
- If/ hadn't seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it
Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it
13 Đảo ngữ sau các cụm trạng từ chỉ phương hướng và vị trí: ( Inversion after adverbial phrases
of direction and place)
Khi câu bắt đầu bằng một cụm trạng từ, đặc biệt là trạng từ chỉ phương hướng và vị trí thì nội động từ thường được đảo lên trước chủ ngữ Cách đảo ngữ này được sử dụng đặc biệt trong văn phong trang trọng ( formal) hoặc văn chương ( literary)
Eg
David began to open the three parcels Inside the first was a dictionary from his uncle
Above the fireplace was a portrait of Lenin
In an armchair sat his mother
Notes:
- Động từ TO BE thường được sử dụng trong dạng đảo ngữ này, ngoài ra ta còn dùng các động từ chuyển động như” climb, come, fly,go, hang, lie, run, sit, stand…
- Thường chỉ dùng dạng đảo ngữ này khi động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn giản
- Trong trường hợp đảo ngữ này, không sử dụng trợ động từ như trong câu hỏi mà dùng trực tiếp động
từ đặt trước chủ ngữ
- Không thực hiện đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là đại từ ( pronoun)
Eg: Không dùng : In an armchair sat she
* Emphasizing form:
Come in, please Do come in, please
I went out last night I did go out last night
It is/ was + Emphatic part + that + clause + Verb
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet It was Shakespeare that wrote Hamlet